CN112034006B - Precise delay control blasting delay parameter design method based on multi-target control - Google Patents
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of accurate delay control blasting delay parameters based on multi-objective control, which comprises the steps of obtaining single-hole blasting vibration waveforms or single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data; predicting blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object based on the preliminary design parameters; calculating blasting vibration parameters of the protected object; judging safety, if not, modifying blasting delay parameters, and recalculating; if yes, ending, and taking the blasting delay parameter as a final design parameter. The invention can reduce the workload of on-site blasting vibration monitoring data acquisition and improve the prediction precision; meanwhile, as the blasting intensity characteristics, the blasting vibration spectrum characteristics and the blasting vibration duration time of the blasting vibration waveforms at the blasting protection objects are comprehensively considered, the design method is more scientific and reasonable, and support can be provided for blasting parameter design, delay parameter selection and blasting network parameter optimization at the early stage of blasting construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting parameter design technology, in particular to a blasting delay parameter design method based on multi-target control and accurate delay control.
Background
The industrial digital electronic detonator adopts the electronic control module to replace delay powder and an ignition device in the traditional detonator, improves the flexibility of delay precision and initiation circuit differential design of the detonator, provides a basis for controlling blasting vibration and optimizing blasting effect, and is also beneficial to improving industry safety and digital supervision level. The electronic detonator has the advantages of extremely accurate time delay, and can reduce blasting noise, blasting vibration, specific explosive consumption, crushing effect and the like through a proper blasting network.
The delay error of the traditional detonating tube detonator is very difficult to meet the delay requirement of differential interference shock reduction, and the problem can be solved after the electronic detonator is adopted for detonation. In addition, since the frequency of the blasting seismic wave is attenuated with the propagation distance, the vibration period in the blasting far zone is several times that in the blasting, and therefore, there is a high possibility that the phenomenon that the mutual interference of the seismic waves in the near zone is weakened and the mutual interference is superimposed and amplified in the far zone, and the uncertainty of the interference is increased in the presence of faults. In some cases, this may be more disadvantageous to vibration control of surrounding folk houses, and in general, a plurality of protection objects are often distributed near a blasting operation area, the distances, orientations and elevations of the protection objects are different, the structural forms are different, and the anti-seismic requirements are also different. However, the existing design method lacks a design method for precisely delaying control blasting delay parameters based on multi-target control, and the multi-target control purpose is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the delay parameter design method in the prior art is difficult to realize the purpose of multi-target control, the invention provides an accurate delay control blasting delay parameter design method based on multi-target control, which is based on the full-time prediction of group hole blasting vibration combined with single hole blasting test and numerical simulation inversion, and can reduce the workload of on-site blasting vibration monitoring data acquisition and improve the prediction precision; meanwhile, the explosion intensity characteristic, the explosion vibration spectrum characteristic and the explosion vibration duration time of explosion vibration waveforms at a plurality of explosion protection objects are comprehensively considered, so that the design method is more scientific and reasonable, and support can be provided for explosion parameter design, delay parameter selection and initiation network parameter optimization at the early stage of explosion construction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A design method of accurate delay control blasting delay parameters based on multi-objective control comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a single-hole blasting vibration waveform: carrying out a single-hole blasting test in a blasting area, and carrying out blasting vibration monitoring on a determined protection object to obtain typical single-hole blasting vibration waveform data;
s2, judging the sufficiency of blasting vibration wavelet data: judging whether blasting vibration wavelet data are sufficient or not according to the determined number of the protection objects, and executing the next step if the blasting vibration wavelet data are insufficient; if sufficient, enter step S4;
s3, acquiring single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data: adopting a numerical model to simulate and invert the supplementary wavelet waveform data, extracting sufficient simulated and inverted wavelet waveform data, and combining the sufficient simulated and inverted wavelet waveform data with the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data to form single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data;
s4, predicting blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object based on the delayed parameters: according to the blasting site conditions, the determined delay parameters and the protection objects, the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data obtained in the step S2 or the single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data obtained in the step S3 are brought into a nonlinear superposition principle model and a Monte Carlo model to perform full-time prediction of group hole blasting vibration, so as to obtain blasting vibration waveform data of each protection object;
s5, calculating blasting vibration parameters of the protected object: calculating three blasting waveform characteristic parameters of blasting vibration peak value, vibration frequency and vibration duration according to blasting vibration waveform data of each protection object;
s6, safety judgment: analyzing whether the characteristics of the blasting waveform meet the safety standard, if not, modifying the blasting delay parameter, and returning to the step S4; if yes, ending, and taking the blasting delay parameter as a final design parameter.
By adopting the scheme, the full-time prediction of the group hole blasting vibration based on the combination of the single hole blasting test and the numerical simulation inversion can reduce the workload of on-site blasting vibration monitoring data acquisition and improve the prediction precision; meanwhile, the explosion intensity characteristics, explosion vibration spectrum characteristics and explosion vibration duration of explosion vibration waveforms at a plurality of explosion protection objects are comprehensively considered, so that the method is more scientific and reasonable, and can provide support for explosion parameter design, delay parameter selection and initiation network parameter optimization at the early stage of explosion construction. The blasting vibration peak value refers to the maximum value of vibration velocity components of blasting particles in the horizontal radial direction, the horizontal tangential direction and the vertical direction, and the blasting vibration frequency is the main vibration frequency; in the step S4, in the primary prediction of blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object, the primary determination of delay parameters is carried out; when it appears in step S6 that the safety allowance criterion is not met and returns to step S4, prediction is performed with the modified delay parameter.
In the step of acquiring a single-hole blasting vibration waveform, a three-way speed or acceleration sensor is adopted for blasting vibration monitoring, and three vibration components in the vertical direction are recorded.
In the blasted vibration wavelet data sufficiency judging step, the criterion of whether blasted vibration wavelet data is sufficient is: the blast vibration wavelet data is not less than the number of blast vibration protection objects.
In the step of acquiring the single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data, a numerical simulation model is adopted to invert the quantity k of the supplementary wavelet waveform data to meet the following formula requirement:
k≥m-n；
wherein m is blasting vibration wavelet data, and n is the number of blasting vibration protection objects.
In the step of predicting blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object based on the preliminary design parameters, the mathematical expression of the nonlinear superposition principle model is:
in the formula, PPV 1 、PPV 2 、PPV 3 The horizontal radial vibration speed, the horizontal tangential vibration speed and the vertical vibration speed induced by the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point are respectively; alpha i The vibration space radial angle corresponding to the ith gun hole; t is time; τ n The detonation delay time is the nth blast hole; u (u) n (t) is its normalized waveform; r is (r) n The distance from the nth hole to the monitoring point; h is a n The elevation difference from the center of the nth hole to the monitoring point; c (C) n Is the contribution proportionality coefficient of the nth hole to the total blasting vibration; k and alpha are field constants, and beta is an elevation influence coefficient;the components of vibration induced at the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point in the three directions X, Y, Z are respectively.
The basic principle of the design method is as follows:
because each blast hole has a certain interval on the space position, each component of vibration induced by each hole has a certain incidence radial angle when being transmitted to a prediction calculation point, and the space vector superposition model of group hole blasting vibration is applied to predict vibration of a specific position point in consideration of the difference of the space positions of each blast hole, so that the method has stronger practical significance, and the space vector superposition model of group hole blasting vibration can be expressed as:
in the formula, PPV 1 The horizontal radial vibration speed induced by the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point is cm/s; PPV (Point-to-Point) type 2 The horizontal tangential vibration speed induced by the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point is cm/s; PPV (Point-to-Point) type 3 The vertical vibration speed induced by the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point is cm/s; alpha i The vibration space radial angle corresponding to the ith gun hole.
A dimensionless number ln can be defined to describe the conversion of the nonlinear response of the nth well to a linear response:
wherein S is P The size of the nonlinear response area generated for the nth hole blast and the average hole spacing S P ，q n Is the proportion of the explosive quantity of the blast holes,the average dosage for all blastholes, D, is a constant parameter.
The contribution of the nth hole to the total blasting vibration can be expressed as:
in substitution by CnThen an expression of the nonlinear superposition model is obtained:
wherein: t is time; τ n Delay time for detonation of nth blast hole；u n (t) is its normalized waveform; r is (r) n The distance from the nth hole to the monitoring point; h is a n The elevation difference from the center of the nth hole to the monitoring point; c (C) n Is the contribution proportionality coefficient of the nth hole to the total blasting vibration; k and alpha are field constants, and beta is an elevation influence coefficient; the components of vibration induced at the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point in the three directions X, Y, Z are respectively.
The method has the advantages that the workload of on-site blasting vibration monitoring data acquisition can be reduced, and the prediction accuracy is improved; meanwhile, as the blasting intensity characteristics, the blasting vibration spectrum characteristics and the blasting vibration duration time of the blasting vibration waveforms at the blasting protection objects are comprehensively considered, the design method is more scientific and reasonable, and support can be provided for blasting parameter design, delay parameter selection and blasting network parameter optimization at the early stage of blasting construction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of vibration protection objects and vibration monitoring points in a field blasting in a specific case of applying the method of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing predicted waveforms of blasting vibrations in three directions at X, Y, Z of the object 1 in a specific case of applying the method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing predicted waveforms of blasting vibrations in three directions at X, Y, Z of the object 2 in the specific case of applying the method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows predicted waveforms of blasting vibrations in three directions at X, Y, Z of the object 3 in a specific case of applying the method of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 in the figure is a blast vibration protection object; marks 2, 3 and 4 are three blasting vibration protection objects respectively; the marks 5 and 6 are respectively two blasting vibration monitoring points; the mark 7 is a blasting construction area.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for designing a precise delay control blasting delay parameter based on multi-objective control includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring a single-hole blasting vibration waveform: carrying out a single-hole blasting test in a blasting area, and carrying out blasting vibration monitoring on a determined protection object to obtain typical single-hole blasting vibration waveform data;
s2, judging the sufficiency of blasting vibration wavelet data: judging whether blasting vibration wavelet data are sufficient or not according to the determined number of the protection objects, and executing the next step if the blasting vibration wavelet data are insufficient; if sufficient, enter step S4;
s3, acquiring single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data: adopting a numerical model to simulate and invert the supplementary wavelet waveform data, extracting sufficient simulated and inverted wavelet waveform data, and combining the sufficient simulated and inverted wavelet waveform data with the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data to form single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data;
s4, predicting blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object based on the delayed parameters: according to the blasting site conditions, the determined delay parameters and the protection objects, the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data obtained in the step S2 or the single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data obtained in the step S3 are brought into a nonlinear superposition principle model and a Monte Carlo model to perform full-time prediction of group hole blasting vibration, so as to obtain blasting vibration waveform data of each protection object;
s5, calculating blasting vibration parameters of the protected object: calculating three blasting waveform characteristic parameters of blasting vibration peak value, vibration frequency and vibration duration according to blasting vibration waveform data of each protection object;
s6, safety judgment: analyzing whether the characteristics of the blasting waveform meet the safety standard, if not, modifying the blasting delay parameter, and returning to the step S4; if yes, ending, and taking the blasting delay parameter as a final design parameter.
The blasting vibration peak value refers to the maximum value of vibration velocity components of blasting particles in the horizontal radial direction, the horizontal tangential direction and the vertical direction, and the blasting vibration frequency is the main vibration frequency; in the step of acquiring a single-hole blasting vibration waveform, a three-way speed or acceleration sensor is adopted for blasting vibration monitoring, and three vibration components in the vertical direction are recorded.
In the blasted vibration wavelet data sufficiency judging step, the criterion of whether blasted vibration wavelet data is sufficient is: the blast vibration wavelet data is not less than the number of blast vibration protection objects.
In the step of acquiring the single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data, a numerical simulation model is adopted to invert the quantity k of the supplementary wavelet waveform data to meet the following formula requirement:
k≥m-n；
wherein m is blasting vibration wavelet data, and n is the number of blasting vibration protection objects.
In the step of predicting blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object based on the preliminary design parameters, the mathematical expression of the nonlinear superposition principle model is:
in the formula, PPV 1 、PPV 2 、PPV 3 The horizontal radial vibration speed, the horizontal tangential vibration speed and the vertical vibration speed induced by the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point are respectively; alpha i The vibration space radial angle corresponding to the ith gun hole; t is time; τ n The detonation delay time is the nth blast hole; u (u) n (t) is its normalized waveform; r is (r) n The distance from the nth hole to the monitoring point; h is a n The elevation difference from the center of the nth hole to the monitoring point; c (C) n Is the contribution proportionality coefficient of the nth hole to the total blasting vibration; k and alpha are field constants, and beta is an elevation influence coefficient;the components of vibration induced at the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point in the three directions X, Y, Z are respectively.
Based on the practical case of the method, a large limestone mine is subjected to blasting exploitation, four villages are distributed in different directions near the mine, reference numerals are 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, wherein three villages 1, 2 and 3 are determined as protection objects, the blasting construction area 7 and the protection objects are distributed as shown in fig. 2, the relatively strict blasting vibration control requirement exists, and the blasting vibration control standard is that the vibration peak value is smaller than 0.5cm/s, the main frequency of blasting vibration is 10-60 Hz, and the blasting vibration duration is smaller than 1s. According to the blasting requirement, a blasting delay parameter design controlled by a plurality of protection objects is required to be developed.
The first step: and carrying out a single-hole blasting test in a blasting area, carrying out blasting vibration monitoring on a given protective object, arranging 2 blasting vibration monitoring points on site, wherein the corresponding reference numerals are 5 and 6, and the arrangement of the measuring points is shown in figure 2. The explosion vibration monitoring adopts a three-way speed sensor to record vibration components in three vertical directions.
And a second step of: and analyzing whether the blasting vibration wavelet data is sufficient. Since the blasting vibration wavelet data is 2 pieces less than the number of blasting vibration protection objects is 3 pieces, the vibration data is insufficient, and it is necessary to enter the third step.
Thirdly, a three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation model is established, the blasting vibration waveform at a given measuring point is calculated and compared with the monitoring data, and when the blasting vibration duration, the blasting vibration peak value and the blasting vibration spectrum are within 20%, the numerical model is reasonable; and then inverting at least k=m-n=1 complementary wavelet waveform data by adopting the numerical simulation model, extracting sufficient simulation inversion wavelet waveform data, and combining the sufficient simulation inversion wavelet waveform data with the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data to form single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data.
Fourth step: designing according to the blasting delay parameters of 9ms of inter-hole delay and 32ms of inter-row delay, and taking the single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data of each hole obtained in the third step into a nonlinear superposition principle model and a Monte Carlo model programmed by adopting a Matlab program together to perform full-time prediction of group hole blasting vibration, so as to obtain blasting vibration prediction waveform data of 3 protection objects, as shown in figure 3.
Fifth step: and respectively calculating the blasting vibration peak value, the main blasting vibration frequency and the duration of blasting vibration of the blasting vibration waveforms at the 3 protection objects.
Sixth step: and analyzing the blasting vibration peak value, the main blasting vibration frequency and the duration of blasting vibration of the blasting vibration waveform at each protection object. The blasting vibration peak values of the 3 protection objects are smaller than 0.5cm/s, the main frequency of the blasting vibration is 10-60 Hz, the duration of the blasting vibration is smaller than 1s, and the blasting vibration safety permission standard is met.
And integrating vibration control requirements of a plurality of control targets, wherein the set of blasting delay design parameters, namely 9ms of inter-hole delay and 32ms of inter-row delay, are design parameters meeting the control requirements of a plurality of targets.
In this case, if the number of blasting vibration monitoring points arranged on the site is equal to or greater than the number of the protection objects, the third step is not required.
In the case, when a situation that the explosion vibration safety permission standard cannot be met occurs in the protection object, the delay parameter needs to be adjusted, the fourth step is returned after the adjustment, and the fifth step and the sixth step are sequentially executed; in this cycle, it is circulated until each protection object meets the blasting vibration safety allowance standard.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The design method of the precise delay control blasting delay parameter based on the multi-target control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a single-hole blasting vibration waveform: carrying out a single-hole blasting test in a blasting area, and carrying out blasting vibration monitoring on a determined protection object to obtain typical single-hole blasting vibration waveform data;
s2, judging the sufficiency of blasting vibration wavelet data: judging whether blasting vibration wavelet data are sufficient or not according to the determined number of the protection objects, and executing the next step if the blasting vibration wavelet data are insufficient; if sufficient, enter step S4;
s3, acquiring single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data: adopting a numerical model to simulate and invert the supplementary wavelet waveform data, extracting sufficient simulated and inverted wavelet waveform data, and combining the sufficient simulated and inverted wavelet waveform data with the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data to form single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data;
s4, predicting blasting vibration waveform data at the protected object based on the delayed parameters: according to the blasting site conditions, the determined delay parameters and the protection objects, the single-hole blasting vibration waveform data obtained in the step S2 or the single-hole blasting vibration waveform comprehensive data obtained in the step S3 are brought into a nonlinear superposition principle model and a Monte Carlo model to perform full-time prediction of group hole blasting vibration, so as to obtain blasting vibration waveform data of each protection object;
s5, calculating blasting vibration parameters of the protected object: calculating three blasting waveform characteristic parameters of blasting vibration peak value, vibration frequency and vibration duration according to blasting vibration waveform data of each protection object;
s6, safety judgment: analyzing whether the characteristics of the blasting waveform meet the safety standard, if not, modifying the blasting delay parameter, and returning to the step S4; if yes, ending, and taking the blasting delay parameter as a final design parameter;
in step S4, the mathematical expression of the nonlinear superposition principle model is:
in the formula, PPV 1 、PPV 2 、PPV 3 The horizontal radial vibration speed, the horizontal tangential vibration speed and the vertical vibration speed induced by the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point are respectively; alpha i The vibration space radial angle corresponding to the ith gun hole; t is time; τ n The detonation delay time is the nth blast hole; u (u) n (t) is its normalized waveform; r is (r) n The distance from the nth hole to the monitoring point; h is a n The elevation difference from the center of the nth hole to the monitoring point; c (C) n Is the contribution proportionality coefficient of the nth hole to the total blasting vibration; k and alpha are field constants, and beta is an elevation influence coefficient; v i r 、v i t 、v i z The components of vibration induced at the i-th Kong Zaijian measuring point in the three directions X, Y, Z are respectively.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the blast vibration monitoring uses a three-way velocity or acceleration sensor, registering three vertically directed vibration components.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the criterion for whether the blasted vibratory wavelet data is sufficient is: the blast vibration wavelet data is not less than the number of blast vibration protection objects.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the number k of complementary wavelet waveform data is inverted using a numerical simulation model satisfying the following formula:
k≥m-n；
wherein m is blasting vibration wavelet data, and n is the number of blasting vibration protection objects.
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