JP6481088B2 - Slide attenuator - Google Patents

Description

In the present invention, in order to attenuate the amplitude of a large vibration as much as possible in the event of a large earthquake, attention is paid to a damping table formed under a building-foundation. Recently, large earthquakes have occurred frequently, and damage has been spreading one after another in earthquake-resistant buildings. In particular, there is a need for an attenuation table for high-rise buildings.

Until now, most earthquake-resistant attenuation tables are rubber-based earthquake-proof tables. Rubber system is short-lasting and cannot be used for huge buildings and high-rise buildings.
The present invention is a technology that uses a heavy loadable metal spring to increase durability and damping. Most of the existing attenuation tables can only be applied to small houses.

Because the weight of the high-rise building is an extraordinary weight of several hundred ton-hundreds of tons, and it was confirmed that the high-rise building itself would roll over because there was no vertical tensile-tensile load in the Great East Japan Earthquake. This is because the rubber-slide attenuator can withstand the downward load, but no measures have been taken against the upward tensile load.

The conditions that are absolutely necessary for a major earthquake are not only horizontal and vertical, but also a downward resistance of several hundred tons. It is to return. The present invention is a method of sliding and moving only in the horizontal direction without changing the vertical and vertical positional relationship. The structure that protects the building from the enormous energy in the event of a large earthquake is a structure that can be restored to the original position by ignoring the vertical and vertical directions and considering only the horizontal movement in order to attenuate lateral vibration. And

1) According to the present invention, the metal spring is damped and requires a load capacity of several hundred tons in the vertical direction. A service life of several decades is required for horizontal and vertical vibration.
2) Damping the vibration of the damping table with a hydraulic cylinder and always restore it to its original position.
3) Restoring the vibration to its original position while damping it using the cushioning action of the check valve, chamber and air tank of the hydraulic system.
4) Attenuation table vibrations are averaged, and the entire attenuation table is integrated and damped.
5) A damping table that only damps and restores vibration using only a metal spring. (Does not require hydraulic power)

1) On the base plate 5 fixed to the ground and the upper surface formed integrally with the upper surface of the base plate 5 facing each other.
A pair of slides 4a and 4b having a slide friction part 39 and the base plate 5 slide out.
The upper plate 1 fixed to the lower part of the building supported to come and the upper plate face each other
A pair of pulls formed integrally with the pair of slides 4a, 4b on the lower surface so as to have a gap.
The joint portions 3a and 3b and one end portion of the pair of handle joint portions 3a and 3b of the upper plate 1, respectively.
It is mounted so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction, and the other end is attached to the pair of slides 4a and 4b of the base plate 5.
Mounted horizontally pivotable, two pairs of hydraulic cylinders-11a, 11b, 11c, 11d and front
A plurality of damping bars mounted between the upper surface of the base plate 5 and the lower surface of the upper plate 1
The slide attenuator, which is characterized by the fact that it consists of N6, is disassembled into two types of vertical and horizontal vibrations for all vibrations, and the vertical and vertical loads are several times the lateral load. It must be constructed to withstand it. An iron plate thick plate structure is required. In order to endure rolling, it can slide horizontally and horizontally between the upper plate 1 and the slide 4, and a step is arranged in four directions on the lower portion of the upper plate to prevent vibration. The slide 4 has a load capacity of 10 tons or more. The damping table has a roll width of 0.1 to 0.5m or less, and has sufficient width such as the upper plate 1 and slide 4, and a grease lubrication device 43 for maintenance is installed to prevent dust from entering the slide part. It will be long. The general command hydraulic system 44, the prime mover 29b, the private generator 29a, etc. are always capable of self-maintenance.
2) The substructure is a square base plate 5 that can take the ground and anchor bolts.
The damping cylinder has a built-in hydraulic cylinder, but it is equipped with other private power generators, general command hydraulic system 44 or underground. The vertical distance between the upper plate and the base plate should be within 1/2 of the slide base width, and the spring 6 should be pulled in the vertical direction.
Equipped with engine power and hydraulic pump power in the basement of the building, equipped with horsepower that can restore the building to its original position.
3) A huge force is required to restore the building to its original position.
These systems analyze earthquakes, determine the distance and direction of slide movement according to the direction of shaking, and respond and attenuate. The instruction that the computer 17 starts, damps and restores after taking into consideration is the hydraulic cylinder 11, and the hydraulic system is a system that can be driven by engine power. In addition, a hydraulic chamber and air tank are used for cushioning, and a hydraulic check valve is half-opened to use a damping action.
4) Seismic vibrations are not always in the same direction and width, and this is calculated by a computer. The amplitude of the hydraulic cylinder is averaged, and several dozen hydraulic cylinders 11 electromagnetically operated valves 14 are instructed to indicate the same vibration direction throughout the building. It is possible to attenuate with the same period. Information transmission system is (1)
Seismometer → Generator → Hydraulic pump → Solenoid valve centralized actuator

Seismometer → Computer → Solenoid valve central controller → Each hydraulic cylinder

(2)
Cylinder extensometer → Computer → Each hydraulic cylinder: Each solenoid valve centralized controller 18 is installed on the damping table Assy25 one by one, and is systematized to vibrate in the same direction. The entire building vibrates in the same direction and distance.
5) Since the hydraulic damping and power system does not exist in the small damping table of the third embodiment, it responds to an earthquake with only the damping table and the spring. There are four restoring springs 30 instead of hydraulic cylinders, and they are restored to their original positions by the spring force. In the fourth embodiment, the vibration is attenuated only by the spring 6, and the vibration is attenuated only by the amplitude of the inclined spring, and the original position is restored by 16 spring forces.

Currently, simple damping tables made of rubber are on sale, but depending on the flexibility of the rubber, if the horizontal and horizontal vibrations are large except for vertical vibration, there is a change in the vertical height, It will tilt. This is a fatal wound for large buildings and buildings. Furthermore, long-term durability is not guaranteed. There are many things that cannot be put to practical use because there is a change in height above and below other attenuation tables.

Embodiment 1) The good point of the present invention is that not only the vertical vibration can be ignored and the horizontal vibration can be damped, but there is no vertical height vibration difference, so the high-rise building does not tilt. Not only can a certain height be maintained, but it can also withstand vertical vibration and pulling upwards by several tens of tons. A damping table is set at the lower part of the pillar of the building, and is fixed to the upper plate 1 with bolts 31, and the base plate 5 is also fixed to the ground with anchor bolts. It is expected that all damping tables are connected by a hydraulic system and attenuated at the same frequency.

[Structure] (Figs. 1-12) The upper plate 1 is the upper side of the four squares (which may be cylindrical) and the base plate 5 is on the lower side, while sliding on the slide connection part of the iron slide friction part 39. . Inside, the spring 6a, spring 6b, spring 6c, spring 6d,... Fix the upper plate and the base plate by a vertical attracting force. The result was a structure that contained only horizontal vibration. (FIGS. 11 and 12) The upper plate spring receivers 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are brought into a state in which the spring 6 is attracted between the base plate spring receivers 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d.

The pulling allowance of the spring 6 is always slightly longer (l) than the length L (steady), and is set to the attracting state (L1), and the total attracting force of the 17 springs 6 is calculated.
(FIG. 12) is a diagram in which the most extended state is shown in (L2). If the pulling force of the spring 6a and one spring is 1 ton, the entire attenuation table is 1 × 17 = 17 ton. In the whole building (see Fig. 19) 17X20 = 340 tons
It becomes.

When an earthquake occurs, it extends to L2, which is up to the longest-length of the limit bars 45, 46 until the inner step of the upper plate 1 hits. (Figs. 11 and 12) In the event of an earthquake, the upper plate 1 moves greatly, but stops at the step of the upper plate, but the amplitude of the earthquake causes more shaking. Due to the reaction, it moves greatly in the opposite direction. Until the end of the earthquake, the upper plate 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and the base plate spring receiver 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d are restored to the original by the attractive force of the spring 6. Always attracted.

The building exists without collapsing by withstanding horizontal vibrations. When the vibration in the vertical direction is abandoned and concentrated only in the horizontal vibration, a load of several hundred tons is concentrated, but the upper plate 1 slides on the upper parts of the slides 4a and 4b to complete the damping table. (Figs. 3 and 5) Naturally, the lower part of the upper plate 1, the upper part of the slide 4 and the slide friction part 39 are made of a slidable material so that grease can be applied and supplied.

(Explanation of actual movement) The conventional damping table has been unable to cope with large buildings trying to attenuate all vibrations. Therefore, any building can be made by separating it from horizontal and vertical. Furthermore, the restoration to the original position of the building is forced from natural restoration to hydraulic restoration. Here, it is unexpectedly difficult to return to the original position, not only a load of several hundred tons is applied, but also the springs 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d are not enough to push the load back.

It is difficult to immediately restore the horizontal movement distance due to the earthquake to the original position.
Seismometer → Computer → Solenoid valve centralized controller → Each hydraulic cylinder This information is transmitted as described above, the direction and magnitude of the earthquake is analyzed, instructions are sent to each cylinder, and there is little reversal Expect a damping effect.
Only the seismic vibration meter 14 and computer 17 have standby power generated by the battery 19. When an earthquake occurs, the four hydraulic cylinders 11 are configured such that the prime movers and generators 19a and 19b are started, and the hydraulic pump 16 is immediately movable.

Later, the entire hydraulic system and the hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d start to move, but priority is given to the harmony and unity of the vibration of the entire building rather than to counter seismic vibration.
This is because the building is not destroyed, and the basic principle is spring restoration and natural damping.

The computer 17 collects amplitude information from the hydraulic cylinder position information sensor 12 and the seismic vibration meter 14a, and immediately sends hydraulic information commands to the four hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d. The solenoid valve central operation device 18 has a damping action.

The hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are subjected to the same damping action as the springs by half-opening the hydraulic check valve of the electromagnetic valve centralized controller 18 or by the buffering force of the chamber 16a.
It is very important to open the hydraulic check valve halfway, so that the equipment is not damaged, the damping action is applied by the buffering force, and the whole system is harmonized.

It is necessary to analyze earthquakes such as long-period earthquakes and direct earthquakes and restore them to their original positions as many times as necessary. Furthermore, although the spring 6 has a restoring force of several tens of tons, it cannot be said that it is sufficient. To compensate for this, the hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d exist.

(See FIG. 20) Each damping table 30 has hydraulic chambers 16a, 16b, 16c,... Built into the back pressure pipes of the hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d. This is to fulfill the role. The hydraulic chambers 16a, 16b, 16c... Perform a spring-like restoring action by sliding the hydraulic cylinder horizontally with a difference in hydraulic pressure, negative pressure, and high pressure. By adjusting the hydraulic solenoid valve centralized actuator 18, several hundred tons of power can be put in and out.

Here, when the general command system unit 44 is placed in the basement of the building and an earthquake occurs, when the seismic intensity meter 14 senses, the prime mover 19a and the generator 19b are started all at once.
The information of the upper plate position sensors 13a, 13b, 13c,..., And the earthquake sensor 14 enter the computer 17, but the computer has an insufficient initial start-up time.

After that, the extension allowance of all cylinders is calculated, and it is made to continuously attenuate with as little vibration as possible from the position information of the slide 2 and the position sensor (slide) 13.
The computer 17 allows the upper plate 1 to be simply restored to its original position, but probably lacks the restoring force and will respond to the next vibration halfway, but the accumulated pressure of the chamber 16 The function is expected to act as a horizontal slide attenuator.

The important thing is to counteract the energy of a large earthquake and to attenuate it. The energy of a large earthquake is enormous and cannot be reversed. It is considered that the present invention can sufficiently cope with long-period vibration, but the software portion is omitted. Here, in the case of a large earthquake, even if the vibration width exceeds the slide width, the upper plate 1 and the base plate 5 are connected instead of the spring 6 (FIGS. 9 to 12) so as not to come off (FIG. 11). A restriction rod-male 46 is inserted in the inside of the.

There is a limit on the length that can be extended by the limit bars 45 and 46, so that the top plate 1 can be removed to prevent the building from collapsing. There are one restriction rod-male 45 and female 46, but any number is possible.
The upper part of the restriction rod-male 45 female 46 has a structure in which the upper plate 1 is attracted by the restriction rod attachment portion 47a and the base plate 5 is attracted by the restriction rod attachment portion 47b. Instead of the springs 6a, 6b, 6c, some of the spring-restricting rod-male and female 45, 46 shown in FIG. 9 are replaced.

It is common for the vibration width of an earthquake to exceed the slide width. Even if it exceeds, it is significant in the direction of attenuation with less amplitude. The direction of shaking of the earthquake is unpredictable and the initial vibrations can't be beaten, but it can be handled after a few minutes.
The cause of the collapse is almost the impact force of the initial vibration.

(Figs. 19 and 20) The best part of this system is that the entire damping table moves in the direction of the earthquake by a fixed distance. This prevents the entire building from collapsing and analyzes complex seismic vibrations that ease the shock. However, it can somehow be damped except for vibration in the vertical direction. It is important how to deal with the maximum collapse vibration of the building.

In the second embodiment (FIGS. 13 to 15), the upper plate center 50 and the upper plate joint 51 are installed at the center of the four sides of the base plate 5 at the place where the hydraulic cylinder 11 is installed.
The reason why the hydraulic cylinders are arranged in all directions is to be able to cope with either direction. Even if the vibration width of the earthquake exceeds the slide width, it will not collapse if the attenuation table is not broken, and it can be handled if there is enough strength to withstand for some minutes.

At the lower part of the center 50 of the upper plate, there are four endless cylinder joints 52 of the hydraulic cylinders 11 and the pins 9 are fitted to freely move and restore the movement.
The four locations of the hydraulic cylinder 11 are changed so that a large number of springs 6 can be installed, both of which are restored to their original positions by oil pressure, and for damping and buffering. Further, the structure extends obliquely downward, but this is always such that the upper plate 1 does not come off.

In the first and second embodiments of the present invention (FIGS. 1 to 15, 20 to 21), the general command hydraulic system 44 is provided in the basement, and the damage is less. The engine 19b provided here does not forcibly end with large horsepower, but makes it possible to have a system that quietly restores after the earthquake ends with small horsepower.

There is no power to suppress earthquakes in any system, and it will be attenuated to the following. Always slide down the top plate 1 to withstand the maximum impact of earthquakes leading to building collapse, and always consider power outages. Consider the entire system with in-house power generation.

In the third embodiment (FIGS. 16 and 17), the damping spring is made small, and restoring springs 30a, 30b, 30c, and 30d are arranged in place of the hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, c, and d for use in a wooden house. Is. Moving the hydraulic system is large because it requires power, but it can be restored to its original position by using a metal spring (coil type). Since there is no hydraulic cylinder 11, it is possible to have a width of about 20 to 30 cm square and a thickness of about 5 to 10 cm.

With this size, you can make it cheaper. It is most suitable for a general small house and can be realized as a sufficient attenuation table with a size of about 20 to 30 cm square. In this case, the restoring spring 30 is set with a considerably large force, otherwise it cannot return to the original position. Although it is necessary to make the vibration direction of the slide attenuator stand the same, the moving direction varies in this type, but it cannot be helped. In these cases, the earthquake amplitude is 20 cm or less.

In the fourth embodiment (FIGS. 18 and 19), the springs 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d,... Although there is no restoring spring, it is small, but because of the diagonal arrangement, there is a restoring action of 16 springs (coil type).

The 16 springs 6 are attracted between the upper leaf spring receivers 1a and 1b and the base plate spring receivers 7a and 7b. The spring 6 is always pulled slightly longer than the length L (steady) (L1), and the damping-restoring action is performed with 16 total pulling forces.

It is just good as an earthquake countermeasure for small Japanese houses. By installing 7 to 9 in a small house, it will be an earthquake countermeasure. The first and second embodiments are considerably priced, but the third and fourth embodiments are less than 1/50. This makes it a much cheaper and safer building than solidifying the house.

Schematic diagram of attenuation table of the present invention Top view without the top plate 1 of the attenuation table Side view of FIG. Top view without top plate 1 (at the time of earthquake Side view of FIG. Top plate 1, base plate 5, slide 4 exploded view Cylinder mounting top view Side view of FIG. Restriction bar male, female structure Appearance drawing of limit bar Spring 6 installation length L1 in FIG. Maximum elongation during an earthquake (L2 Schematic diagram of the second embodiment Second embodiment top view A view of arrow A in FIG. Third embodiment top view Side view of the third embodiment Fourth embodiment top view Center sectional view of the fourth embodiment Attenuation table earthquake movement explanatory diagram Earthquake movement map An enlarged layout of FIG.

1 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Upper plate 1a, 1b, 1c.1d ・ ・ ・ Upper leaf spring holder
2a, 2b ... Upper plate handle 3a, 3b ...
4a, 4b ... Slide 5 ... Plate
6a, 6b, 6c, 6d ... Spring 7 a, b, c, d ... Base plate spring holder
8a, 8b, 8c, 8d ・ ・ ・ Cylinder universal joint 9 a, 9b ・ ・ ・ ・ Cylinder pin
10a, 10b, 10c, d ・ ・ Cylinder neck 11a, b, cd ・ ・ ・ Hydraulic cylinder
12 a, b, cd ... Cylinder extensometer 13 a, b, cd ... Upper plate position sensor
14 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Earthquake meter 15 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Earthquake sensor (building side
16 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Hydraulic pump 16a ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Chamber (pneumatic
17 ... Computer 18a, 18b, 18c ... Solenoid valve centralized controller
19 ... Battery (constant voltage) 19a ... Generator

19b: prime mover 20: attenuator stand Assy
21: Pillar (cement) 22 ... Air cylinder
23: Ground 24: Earthquake amplitude direction
26 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Light oil tank 27 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Electric wiring
28 ... Solenoid valve 29a ... Restoring spring fixed shaft (upper plate side)
29b ・ ・ ・ Restoration spring fixed shaft (foundation side 30 ... Restoration spring
31 ... Fixing bolt 32 ... L (Spring steady length)
33 ... L1 (spring installation length) 34 ... L2 (longest spring length)
35 ... L3 (shortest spring length) 36a, b ... Electric wiring
37 ... Cylinder fixing part 38 ... Cylinder rotating part
39 ... Slide friction part 40 ...
41 ・ ・ ・ Attenuation center (before earthquake movement 42 ・ ・ ・ ・ Attenuation center (after earthquake movement)
43 ・ ・ ・ ・ Grease lubrication device 44 ・ ・ ・ ・ Comprehensive command hydraulic system
45 ... Restriction bar-male 46 ... Restriction bar-female
47a, 47b ... Limiting rod mounting part 50 ... Upper plate center
51 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Upper plate joint 52 ・ ・ ・ ・ Cylinder free joint
53 a, 53b, 53c ... Spring 54 ... Upper plate

Claims (1)

In the earthquake vibration attenuation table, the base plate 5 fixed to the ground and the base plate 5 face each other.
A pair of slides 4a, 4b having a slide friction part 39 on the upper surface formed integrally with the upper surface;
Fixed to the bottom of the building that is supported by the base plate 5 so that it can slide back and forth and left and right
And a gap between the pair of slides 4a and 4b on the opposed lower surface of the upper plate 1 and the upper plate.
A pair of pull joint portions 3a, 3b integrally formed to have one end portion of the upper plate
It is attached to the pair of handle joints 3a and 3b of 1 so as to be pivotable in the horizontal direction, and the other end.
The part is attached to the pair of slides 4a and 4b of the base plate 5 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction.
Two pairs of hydraulic cylinders 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, the upper surface of the base plate 5 and the upper plate
It consists of a plurality of damping springs 6 mounted between the lower surface of 1 and
Slide attenuator

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