JP6479360B2 - Switch device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a switch device using a power MOSFET that switches a power supply line from a non-conductive state to a conductive state.

  This type of switch device is inserted in the middle of a power supply line in order to suppress an inrush current to a load circuit (particularly a capacitive load) when a DC power supply is connected. A switching element that can be switched between a conductive state and a non-conductive state in accordance with a driving signal, a capacitive element for integration, and a resistance element for charging / discharging to moderate the rise of the driving voltage of the switching element ing.

<First Conventional Example>
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the switch device B of the first conventional example. In the drive stop state with respect to the load circuit 53, the switch control signal Sc is at the “L” level, and the drive switching element (NPN transistor) Q52 is in a non-conductive state. At this time, the switching element for connection / disconnection (P-channel type MOS-FET) Q51 becomes non-conductive because the control voltage (gate-source voltage) applied to its control terminal (gate) is small. In addition, power is not supplied to the load circuit 53. In this state, charging of the integrating capacitive element (capacitor) C51 is not performed.

  When the switch control signal Sc is switched to the “H” level, the driving switching element Q52 becomes conductive. Then, the input terminal T1p on the high potential side → time constant circuit 51a (charging / discharging resistive element R51 and integrating capacitive element C51) → current limiting resistive element R52 → driving switching element Q52 → low potential side A current flows through the path of the input terminal T1n. The control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff starts to increase gradually after a certain time has elapsed after the switching element Q52 for driving is turned on, the control voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, and thereafter the connection / cutoff is connected. The output voltage and output current from the switching element Q51 for use increase gradually. The waveforms of the output voltage and output current at the turn-on time are shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the output voltage starts rising after about 8 [ms] (milliseconds) from the rising time of the switch control signal Sc, and is about the same level as the input voltage over about 4 [ms]. Rise up slowly (the response delay time at turn-on is about 12 [ms]), and DC power is supplied to the load circuit 53. In response to this, the output current is also gradually increased by the time constant circuit 51a, and the inrush current to the capacitive load C53 in the load circuit 53 is suppressed. The inrush current is suppressed to about 6.6 [A].

  The measurement data of about 8 [ms] and about 12 [ms] is a circuit constant of 10 [kΩ] for the resistance value of the charge / discharge resistance element R51 and the resistance value of the current limit resistance element R52. 10 [kΩ], the capacitance value of the integrating capacitive element C51 is 10 [μF], the capacitance value of the capacitive load C53 is 300 [μF], the input voltage from the DC power source E51 is 24 [V], and the load circuit 53 The output current is 3.5 [A]. Note that the circuit constants and rated values exemplified here are common to a plurality of examples described later.

  Next, in the first conventional example shown in FIG. 4, when the switch control signal Sc is switched to the “L” level, the driving switching element Q52 is turned off. Then, the discharge of the charge from the integrating capacitive element C51 starts. The discharge current is consumed by the charge / discharge resistance element R51, and the voltage across the integration capacitor element C51, that is, the control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection gradually decreases. When this control voltage becomes equal to or lower than the threshold voltage, the connection / cutoff switching element Q51 is turned off, and the supply of DC power to the load circuit 53 is stopped. The waveforms of the output voltage and output current at the time of turn-off are shown in FIG.

<Second Conventional Example>
FIG. 6 shows a second conventional switch device C disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-30394). This is because a one-shot pulse circuit 1, an oscillation circuit 2, an AND gate 3, and an exclusive OR gate 4 are used to generate a switch control signal Sc ′ for controlling on / off of a driving switching element (NPN type transistor) 6. Etc. are provided. As a switch control signal Sc ′ to be applied to the base of the driving switching element 6 using these circuit elements, a pulse waveform that repeats “H” and “L” at a high speed for an initial fixed period, and the end point of the pulse waveform To a signal having a combined waveform with a waveform that continues the “H” level. By this switch control signal Sc ′, the switching element 6 for driving, and thus the switching element for connection / disconnection (P-channel type MOS-FET) 7 can be switched for a certain period, and then can be made conductive. As a result, the switching element 7 for connection / disconnection is gradually transitioned from the non-conduction state to the conduction state, and the inrush current is suppressed. Reference numeral 8 denotes a capacitive element (capacitor) for integration.

  In the second conventional example, a special waveform (initially a pulse waveform and thereafter “H” level) is generated using the one-shot pulse circuit 1, the oscillation circuit 2, the AND gate 3, the exclusive OR gate 4, and the like. Since the switch control signal Sc ′ is generated, the rise of the output voltage at turn-on becomes faster.

<Third conventional example>
FIG. 7 shows a switch device D of a third conventional example disclosed in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-55729). A time constant circuit 15 is added to the base side of the switching element (NPN transistor) TR12 for driving the input stage of the switch control signal Sc. The time constant circuit 15 includes an integrating capacitive element (capacitor) C13, an integrating resistive element R15, a rapid discharging resistive element R16, and a unidirectional conducting element (rectifier diode) D12. When the “H” level switch control signal Sc is applied to the input terminal 14 of the time constant circuit 15, a base current that gradually increases from the time constant circuit 15 flows into the base of the driving switching element TR12. . As a result, the collector current of the driving switching element TR12 gradually increases, and the control voltage of the connection / cutoff switching element (P-channel MOS-FET) TR11 is gradually increased. As a result, the drain current of the switching element TR11 for connection / cutoff gradually increases, and the output voltage to the capacitor C2 increases gently. Since the output voltage rises slowly, the inrush current at turn-on can be suppressed. At the time of turn-off, the switch control signal Sc is set to “L” level, and the capacitive element C13 for integration is discharged to the resistance element R16 for rapid discharge via the unidirectional energization element D12. Can be shortened. D11 is a voltage limiting Zener diode.

<Fourth Conventional Example>
The switch device E of the fourth conventional example shown in FIG. 8 is a rapid discharge in the time constant circuit 51b in order to shorten the response delay time at the time of turn-off in the switch device B of the first conventional example shown in FIG. Resistance element R55, a rapid discharge switching element (NPN type transistor) Q53, and a unidirectional energization element (rectifier diode) D52 are added. That is, a series circuit of a rapid discharge resistance element R55 and a switching element Q53 is connected in parallel to a gate-source integration capacitor C51 of the connection / cutoff switching element Q51, and an integration capacitance element A unidirectional energization element D52 is inserted between the connection point between C51 and the rapid discharge switching element Q53 and the charge / discharge resistance element R51.

  When the “L” level switch control signal Sc is input, the driving switching element Q52 is turned off, and the rapid discharge switching element Q53 is turned on with its base voltage rising. As a result, the rapid discharge resistance element R55 is connected in parallel to the integrating capacitive element C51 via the rapid discharge switching element Q53 which is turned on. Then, the electric charge accumulated in the integrating capacitive element C51 is rapidly discharged through the rapid discharge resistance element R55. The control voltage of the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 becomes equal to or lower than the threshold voltage after a very short time, the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is immediately turned off, and the output to the load circuit 53 is interrupted.

  Since the rapid discharge switching element Q53 is in a non-conductive state when the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is in a conductive state, the resistance value of the resistance element R55 can be made sufficiently small. This is because, if the switching element Q53 for rapid discharge is also conductive when the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection is conductive, the control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection is kept above a certain level in order to maintain the conductive state. In this case, the resistance value of the resistance element R55 must be set large to some extent. However, instead, when the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is in the conducting state, the rapid discharge switching element Q53 is in the non-conducting state, so that the resistance value of the resistance element R55 is allowed to be sufficiently small.

  When the resistance value of the rapid discharge resistance element R55 is sufficiently small, the discharge from the integration capacitive element C51 is rapidly performed when the drive switching element Q52 is turned off when the switch control signal Sc is switched to the “L” level. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the response delay time at turn-off. Incidentally, the response delay time at the turn-off time is substantially shortened to about 0.8 [ms] as shown in FIG. 9B.

  If there is no switching element Q53 for rapid discharge (the collector and emitter of the element Q53 are short-circuited), the current flowing from the DC power source E51 to the input terminal T1p on the high potential side when the switching element Q52 for driving is turned on. Most of the current flows through the resistor element R55 for rapid discharge and the charging speed of the integrating capacitor element C51 is greatly reduced, and the response delay time at turn-on becomes excessively long. Therefore, the rapid discharge switching element Q53 is indispensable when the rapid discharge resistance element R55 is connected in parallel to the integration capacitor element C51 on the input side (source side) of the connection / cutoff switching element Q51. It has become. In addition, the unidirectional energization element D52 flows the charging current from the capacitive element C51 when the switching element Q52 is turned on.

JP 7-30394 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-55729

  In the case of the first conventional example of FIG. 4 described above, the waveforms of the output voltage and the output current when the connection / cutoff switching element Q51 is turned off are shown in FIG. Although the output voltage falls sharply and the output current also decreases abruptly, the response delay time at turn-off is considerably long as about 187 [ms], and the cutoff characteristic is not good. That is, as means for avoiding the inrush current to the capacitive load C53, the integrating capacitive element C51 is interposed between the gate and the source of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff. There is a problem that it takes a long time to establish the cutoff of the output voltage. On the other hand, if the resistance value of the charge / discharge resistive element R51 connected in parallel to the integrating capacitive element C51 is reduced to shorten the response delay time at turn-off, the response delay time at turn-on will be excessively shortened. As a result, there is a problem that the inrush current to the capacitive load C53 becomes excessive.

  In the case of the second conventional example shown in FIG. 6, the waveform of the switch control signal Sc ′ is specialized (initially a pulse waveform and thereafter “H” level). For this purpose, the one-shot pulse circuit 1 and the oscillation circuit 2 are used. The AND gate 3 and the exclusive OR gate 4 are required, and the circuit configuration is considerably complicated. In addition, due to the integrating capacitive element 8 and charge / discharge resistive element 5 connected in parallel, a sufficient reduction in response delay time at turn-off cannot be expected. The response delay time at turn-off can be shortened by reducing the capacitance value of the capacitive element for integration or the resistance value of the resistance element for charge / discharge, but the inrush current at turn-on is excessive or the response delay at turn-on is delayed. Incurs longer time.

  Further, in the case of the third conventional example of FIG. 7, the integrating capacitance element is not connected between the gate and the source of the switching element TR11 for connection / cutoff, but the time constant of the input stage of the switch control signal Sc. In order to discharge the electric charge of the integrating capacitive element C13 in the circuit 15, the rapid discharge resistance element R16 and the unidirectional energization element D12 are used. That is, the time constant circuit 15 includes an integrating circuit composed of an integrating capacitive element C13 and an integrating resistive element R15, a unidirectional energizing element D12 that bypasses between both ends of the integrating resistive element R15, and a rapid discharge circuit. The resistor element R16 includes a large number of parts and a complicated circuit configuration.

  In order to moderately control the change in the control voltage of the switching element TR11 for connection / disconnection, a time constant circuit is not added directly to the switching element TR11, but a switching element for driving provided separately. A time constant circuit 15 is added to the base of TR12. In order to achieve the fine adjustment of the control voltage of the connection / cutoff switching element TR11, the base current of the driving switching element TR12 which is actually positioned away is finely adjusted. However, since the time constant circuit 15 has a large number of components and individual components vary, fine adjustment in the time constant circuit 15 is correctly reflected in fine adjustment of the control voltage of the switching element TR11 for connection / disconnection. There is a problem that it is very difficult. That is, there are problems that the inrush current increases due to variations in the components of the time constant circuit 15, and that variations in the response delay time when the output voltage is turned on and the response delay time when the output voltage is turned off increase.

  In the case of the fourth conventional example of FIG. 8, compared with the first conventional example of FIG. 4 having the basic configuration, the response delay time at the time of turn-off is greatly shortened. However, as an additional configuration for that purpose, there is a problem in that the three components of the rapid discharge resistance element R55, the switching element Q53, and the unidirectional energization element D52 are required and the number of additional parts is large, resulting in a complicated circuit configuration. . Nevertheless, the technical request for shortening the response delay time at turn-off does not actually need to be so extremely short (about 0.8 [ms]), and can be shortened to about 30 to 40%. The fact is that there is no problem. In other words, the addition of the three components of the rapid discharge resistance element R55, the switching element Q53, and the unidirectional energization element D52 is an excessive measure.

  In the case of the first conventional example shown in FIG. 4, in order to shorten the response delay time at turn-off, the capacitance value of the integrating capacitive element may be reduced. However, in this case, the inrush current at turn-on becomes excessively large. It is also possible to shorten the response delay time at the turn-off time by reducing the resistance value of the charge / discharge resistance element connected in parallel to the integration capacitor element to accelerate the discharge. However, if so, the response delay time of the output voltage at turn-on becomes excessively long.

  The present invention has been created in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to reduce the response delay time at turn-off without suppressing inrush current and deteriorating the response delay time at turn-on by a simple configuration with respect to the switch device. The goal is to be able to proceed.

  The present invention solves the above problems by taking the following measures.

The switch device according to the present invention comprises:
An integrating capacitive element and a charging / discharging resistive element are connected in parallel between the input terminal and the control terminal in the current path of the switching element for connection / cutoff inserted in the middle of the power supply line, In a switching device in which a series circuit of a resistance limiting element and a driving switching element is connected between a control terminal of a switching element for connection / cutoff and a ground line, and further, a positive electrode of the integrating capacitive element A rapid discharge resistance element is connected between the terminal and a connection point between the driving switching element and the current limiting resistance element; and further, in one direction with respect to the current limiting resistance element The conductive elements are connected in parallel in a state where the forward direction is a direction from the driving switching element toward the integrating capacitive element .

  In the switch device of the present invention configured as described above, when the driving switching element is turned on, the control terminal of the connection / cutoff switching element is connected to the current limiting resistance element and the driving switching element turned on. The voltage is stepped down to the ground level, and the connection / disconnection switching element is turned on. When the driving switching element is turned on, the integrating capacitive element is charged, and the voltage at both ends thereof (the control voltage of the switching element for connection / cutoff) gradually increases. That is, the connection / disconnection switching element gradually transitions from the high resistance state to the low resistance state. Eventually, the connecting / disconnecting switching element is turned on after being reversed from the non-conducting state. However, since the resistance change is gentle as described above, the inrush current to the capacitive load of the load circuit is suppressed.

  The rapid discharge resistance element is not related to the operation of turning on the connection / cutoff switching element. This is because the control terminal of the switching element for connection / cutoff, the resistance element for current limiting, and the path of the switching element for driving are paths that play an effective role in turning on the switching element for connection / cutoff. This is because the added resistance element for rapid discharge has no effectiveness with respect to the path. That is, the resistance element for rapid discharge does not affect the response delay time when the switching element for connection / disconnection is turned on.

Next, when the driving switching element is reversed from the conducting state and switched to the non-conducting state, discharge from the integrating capacitive element is started. The discharge path at this time is formed by the following parallel resistance circuit. That is, one is a charging / discharging resistive element connected in parallel to the integrating capacitive element, and the other is connected in parallel to the rapid discharging resistive element and the current limiting resistive element. a is unidirectional that Do from the energization element series circuits (which are also connected in parallel with the capacitive element for integration).
This is because the unidirectional energization element is connected in parallel with the current limiting resistance element in a state in which the forward direction is a direction from the driving switching element to the integrating capacitance element. . This unidirectional energization element has a function of short-circuiting the current limiting resistance element in a discharged state from the integrating capacitive element. That is, the current limiting resistance element is separated from the resistance series circuit of the current limiting resistance element and the rapid discharge resistance element in the parallel resistance circuit. As a result, although one component of the unidirectional energization element increases as the number of parts, an effect of further shortening the response delay time at the turn-off time of the connection / disconnection switching element occurs. The addition of the one-way energization element does not affect the response delay time when the connection / disconnection switching element is turned on.
The combined resistance value of the parallel resistance circuit that forms the discharge path is smaller than the resistance value of the charge / discharge resistance element connected in parallel to the integrating capacitance element, thereby realizing rapid discharge. After this rapid discharge, the connection / disconnection switching element is reversed from the conductive state and switched to the non-conductive state. That is, the response delay time at turn-off can be shortened.

  According to the present invention, for a switching device for connecting / disconnecting a load circuit including a capacitive load and a DC power supply, a charge / discharge resistive element connected in parallel to an integrating capacitive element. By connecting a series circuit of a current limiting resistor and a rapid discharging resistor in parallel, the effect of suppressing inrush current and maintaining good rise characteristics and shortening the response delay time at turn-off can be simplified. This can be realized with a simple configuration.

The circuit diagram which shows the structure of the switch apparatus of 1st Example of this invention. The timing chart (a) which shows the operation waveform at the time of turn-on in the switch apparatus of 1st Example of this invention, and the timing chart (b) which shows the operation waveform at the time of turn-off The circuit diagram which shows the structure of the switch apparatus of 2nd Example of this invention. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a first conventional switch device Timing chart (a) showing operation waveforms at turn-on and timing chart (b) showing operation waveforms at turn-off in the switch device of the first conventional example The circuit diagram which shows the structure of the switch apparatus of the 2nd prior art example (patent document 1 indication) The circuit diagram which shows the structure of the switch apparatus of the 3rd prior art example (patent document 2 disclosure) 4 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a switch device of a fourth conventional example Timing chart (a) showing operation waveform at turn-on and timing chart (b) showing operation waveform at turn-off in switch device of fourth conventional example

  The switch device of the present invention having the above configuration has several preferred modes as follows.

  In the above configuration, the connection / cutoff switching element inserted in the middle of the power supply line is preferably a P-channel MOS-FET (field effect transistor made of a metal oxide semiconductor). In the case of a bipolar transistor, electric power for maintaining a conductive state is required, whereas in the case of a MOS-FET, electric power for maintaining a conductive state is not necessary. However, in the present invention, the connection / cutoff switching element is not limited to the MOS-FET, and a bipolar transistor (NPN type or PNP type) may be used. In the case of a MOS-FET, either an N channel type or a P channel type may be used. The control terminal is a gate terminal in the case of a MOS-FET and a base terminal in the case of a bipolar transistor.

  In addition to the bipolar transistor described above, a MOS-FET may be used as the driving switching element for controlling on / off of the switching element for connection / disconnection. In the case of a bipolar transistor, either an NPN type transistor or a PNP type transistor may be used. In the case of a MOS-FET, either an N channel type or a P channel type may be used.

  Hereinafter, the embodiment of the switch device of the present invention having the above configuration will be described in detail at the level of specific examples.

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of a switch device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a switch device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. First, the components are listed. In FIG. 1, A is a switching device, T1p and T1n are first and second input terminals of a DC power source in the switching device A, T2p and T2n are first and second output terminals of a DC voltage in the switching device A, Q51. Is a switching element for connection / disconnection, 51 is a time constant circuit, 52 is a drive control circuit, 53 is a load circuit, and E51 is a DC power source such as a battery. As components of the time constant circuit 51, C51 is an integrating capacitive element, R51 is a charging / discharging resistive element, R52 is a biasing and current limiting resistive element that charges the capacitive element C51, and R56 is a rapid discharge. Resistance element. The drive control circuit 52 includes a switching element Q52 for driving and a resistance element R52 for limiting current. The current limiting resistor R52 is a component of the drive control circuit 52 and also a component of the time constant circuit 51. It is assumed that the load circuit 53 includes a capacitive load C53 and a resistive load R53. Here, a P-channel MOS-FET is used as the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection, and a bipolar NPN transistor is used here as the switching element Q52 for driving.

  The pair of input terminals T1p and T1n are connected to a DC power source E51 to input a DC current, and the pair of output terminals T2p and T2n are supplied with DC power to the load circuit 53 connected thereto. To supply. The high-potential side input terminal T1p and the high-potential side output terminal T2p are connected via the power supply line L51, and a connection / cutoff switching element Q51 is inserted in the middle thereof. The low potential side input terminal T1n and the low potential side output terminal T2n are connected via a ground line L52.

  In the drive control circuit 52, one terminal of the current limiting resistor R52 is connected to the collector of the driving switching element Q52, and the other terminal is connected to the gate which is the control terminal of the connecting / cutting switching element Q51. The emitter of the driving switching element Q52 is connected to the ground line L52. A switch control signal Sc is input to the base of the driving switching element Q52. The switch control signal Sc is a simple “H” / “L” switching type signal.

  The time constant circuit 51 has a rapid discharge resistance element R56 in addition to the integration capacitance element C51, the charge / discharge resistance element R51, and the current limiting resistance element R52. That is, the integrating capacitive element C51 is connected between the gate and source of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff, and the resistive element R51 for charging / discharging is further connected in parallel to the integrating capacitive element C51. In addition, on the input side of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff, rapid discharge is performed between the positive electrode terminal of the integrating capacitive element C51 and the collector which is the high side terminal in the current path of the driving switching element Q52. A resistance element R56 is connected. In other words, the rapid discharge resistance element R56 includes the connection point between the charge / discharge resistance element R51 and the input terminal T1p on the high potential side, the collector of the driving switching element Q52, and the current limiting resistance element R52. Connected between connection points. Here, a charging / discharging resistive element R51 is connected in parallel to the integrating capacitive element C51, and a resistance series circuit of a current limiting resistive element R52 and a rapid discharging resistive element R56 is provided. Connected in parallel. That is, the charging / discharging resistive element R51, the series circuit of the current limiting resistive element R52, and the rapid discharging resistive element R56 is a parallel resistive circuit that forms a discharge path from the integrating capacitive element C51. It is composed.

  As described above, the switch device A according to the first embodiment of the present invention is different from the switch device B according to the first conventional example of FIG. 4 in that the rapid discharge resistance element R56 is replaced by the integration capacitor element C51. This corresponds to one added between the positive terminal and the collector (high side terminal) of the driving switching element Q52. The additional circuit element is a single component.

  Next, the operation of the switch device A configured as described above will be described with reference to the timing chart (operation waveform diagram) of FIG. FIG. 2A is a waveform diagram showing the rising characteristics of the switch device A according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a waveform chart showing the falling characteristics.

[1] <“L” Level State of Switch Control Signal Sc>
Now, the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff is in a non-conductive state, the power supply line L51 is cut off, and the load circuit 53 is in a load stop state in which power supply from the DC power supply E51 is not performed. And At this time, in the drive control circuit 52, the switch control signal Sc is at the “L” level, and the driving switching element Q52 is in a non-conductive state. Therefore, the integrating capacitive element C51 is not charged. That is, the voltage between both ends of the integrating capacitive element C51 is zero, and the control voltage (gate-source voltage) of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff is also zero.

[2] <Rise of switch control signal Sc to “H” level>
Next, when the power from the DC power source E51 is supplied to the load circuit 53 to enter the load operating state, the switch control signal Sc is changed from “L” level to “H” as shown in FIG. Launch to level. Then, the driving switching element Q52 is turned on, and the DC power source E51 applied to the input terminal T1p on the high potential side causes the integrating capacitance element C51 and the parallel resistance circuit (R51, R52 + R56) in the time constant circuit 51 to be turned on. A current flows through the path of the driving switching element Q52. Charging of the integrating capacitive element C51 is started under a time constant determined by the resistance value of the charging / discharging resistive element R51 and the capacitive value of the integrating capacitive element C51. As shown in FIG. 2A, the control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection exceeds the threshold voltage when a certain time of about 9 [ms] has elapsed from the rising timing of the switch control signal Sc. Thereafter, the output voltage and output current from the connection / cutoff switching element Q51 gradually increase. Since the increase is gradual, the inrush current of the load circuit 53 to the capacitive load C53 is suppressed.

[3] <Turn-on of switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection>
Further, after a lapse of a predetermined time (about 3 [ms]), the connection / cutoff switching element Q51 is completely turned on, and the output voltage is applied to the input terminal T1p on the high potential side (here, about 24 [ V]) and the output current stabilizes after the inrush current (6.6 [A]). At this time, the influence of the inrush current is alleviated, and a normal level current is stably supplied to the capacitive load C53 and the resistive load R53 in the load circuit 53.

  As described in the operations [2] and [3] above, the presence of the rapid discharge resistance element R56 added in the first embodiment of the present invention is the operation at the beginning of the switching device A to the connection state. Has no effect. That is, the response delay time (about 12 [ms]) when the switch device A is turned on is substantially the same as the response delay time (about 12 [ms]) when the switch device A is turned on in the first conventional example shown in FIG. In addition, the suppression effect against the inrush current is not inferior and is good.

[4] <Falling of switch control signal Sc to “L” level>
Next, when the operation of the load circuit 53 is to be stopped, the switch control signal Sc is lowered from the “H” level to the “L” level as shown in FIG. Then, the driving switching element Q52 is turned off. However, the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection does not turn off immediately. This is because the state where the control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff exceeds the threshold voltage for a while due to the charging performed for the integrating capacitive element C51. The charge of the integrating capacitive element C51, whose negative terminal is disconnected from the ground line L52 by the turn-off of the driving switching element Q52, is discharged from the positive terminal toward the negative terminal. At this time, a part of the discharge current is discharged through the resistance element R51 for charging / discharging, and the rest of the discharge current is also passed through the resistor series circuit of the resistance element R56 for rapid discharge and the resistance element R52 for current limiting. Discharged. Therefore, the accumulated charge of the integrating capacitive element C51 can be discharged faster than the discharging of only the charge / discharge resistive element R51 in the case of FIG. Along with this, the control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection drops rapidly. However, the output voltage and the output current are both maintained at the “H” level (until an elapsed time of 121 [ms]) as long as the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is kept conductive. In the first embodiment, the resistance values of the charge / discharge resistance element R51 and the current limiting resistance element R52 are both 10 [kΩ], and the rapid discharge resistance element R56 is also 10 [kΩ]. Yes.

Incidentally, when the combined resistance value Rc of the resistance element R51 for charging / discharging and the resistance series circuit (R56 + R52) is obtained,
Rc = R51 · (R56 + R52) / (R51 + R56 + R52)
And
R51−Rc = R51 ² / (R51 + R56 + R52)> 0
∴R51> Rc
As described above, the combined resistance value Rc is smaller than the resistance value R51 in the case of FIG. 4 (first conventional example) without the rapid discharge resistance element R56. Therefore, as described above, according to the first embodiment, the charge accumulated in the integrating capacitive element C51 can be discharged faster than the charge / discharge resistive element R51 alone.

[5] <Turn-off of switching element Q51 for connection / disconnection>
When the control voltage becomes equal to or lower than the threshold voltage, the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is turned off. As a result, the current flowing from the DC power source E51 via the high potential side input terminal T1p is cut off, and the power supply to the load circuit 53 is stopped. Eventually, the discharge of the integrating capacitive element C51 is completed. The non-conducting state of connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is held until a response delay time at a predetermined turn-on time elapses after switch control signal Sc rises to "H" level next time.

  In the switch device A of the first embodiment of the present invention, the response delay time at turn-off can be considerably shortened as compared with the first conventional example shown in FIG. Incidentally, in the switching device A, as shown in FIG. 2B, the response delay time at turn-off is about 121 [ms], which is the first conventional example shown in FIG. 5B (FIG. 4). The response delay time at the turn-off time of 187 is significantly shortened compared to about 187 [ms] (reduction to about 64.7%).

  The countermeasure in the first embodiment of the present invention has a simpler circuit configuration than the third conventional example having the time constant circuit 15 having a complicated circuit configuration shown in FIG. Further, since the resistance element R56 for rapid discharge is added in the immediate vicinity of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff, the following advantages are obtained. That is, in comparison with the case where the time constant circuit 15 is added to the base side of the driving switching element TR12 in a state separated from the connection / cutoff switching element TR11 in FIG. Adjustment of the control voltage of the switching element Q51 for connection / cutoff performed to suppress the variation can be performed more easily.

  Further, in the case of the fourth conventional example shown in FIG. 8 intended to solve the problem of the long response delay time at the turn-off time of the first conventional example shown in FIG. The response delay time is greatly shortened to about 0.8 [ms]. However, as an additional configuration for that purpose, three components of a rapid discharge resistance element R55, a rapid discharge switching element Q53, and a unidirectional energization element D52 are necessary, and the number of additional components is large, resulting in a complicated circuit configuration. There is a problem of inviting. On the other hand, an additional configuration in the case of the first embodiment of the present invention is a rapid discharge connected between the positive terminal of the integrating capacitive element C51 and the collector (high side terminal) of the driving switching element Q52. Therefore, the circuit configuration can be simplified.

  As for the effect of shortening the response delay time at turn-off, the fourth conventional example shown in FIG. 8 is superior (see FIG. 9B). For example, the circuit constants and rated values are the same as described above, and the response delay time at turn-off in the case of the first conventional example shown in FIG. 4 is about 187 [ms] ( In the case of the fourth conventional example shown in FIG. 8, it is about 0.8 [ms] as shown in FIG. 9B. In the case of the first embodiment of the present invention, Has measurement data of about 121 [ms] as shown in FIG. According to the fourth conventional example (FIGS. 8 and 9), the response delay time at the turn-off time can be greatly shortened, but the practical technical request is not so extreme, even at about 30 to 40%. If it can be shortened, in the switch device A having no problem, the first embodiment of the present invention can provide a sufficiently satisfactory result.

  In summary, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the response delay time at turn-on and the inrush current suppression action are not inferior to the first conventional example shown in FIGS. The response delay time is considerably shortened as compared with the first conventional example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and yet simplified in terms of the number of parts and the circuit configuration as compared with the fourth conventional example shown in FIG. Is realized.

  By the way, in the third conventional example shown in FIG. 7, in order to shorten the response delay time at the turn-off time, the rapid discharge resistance element for rapidly discharging the charge of the integrating capacitive element C13 in the time constant circuit 15 R16 and a unidirectional energization element D12 are provided. However, for the rapid discharge of the integrating capacitive element, an additional measure of the series circuit composed of the rapid discharge resistance element and the unidirectional energization element is the connection / disconnection of the first conventional example shown in FIG. It cannot be simply applied to the capacitive element C51 for integration between the gate and the source of the switching element Q51. The response delay time at the turn-on time of the switch device A of the first embodiment of the present invention is not different from the response delay time at the turn-on time of the first conventional example shown in FIG. Further, the effect of suppressing the inrush current is not inferior.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the switch device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the switch device A ′ in the second embodiment of the present invention.

  The switch device A ′ of the second embodiment corresponds to the switch device A of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 with the addition of a unidirectional energization element D51. For example, a rectifier diode is used as the unidirectional energization element D51. The unidirectional energization element D51 is connected in parallel to the current limiting resistance element R52 in a state in which the forward direction is the direction from the driving switching element Q52 toward the integration capacitor element C51. That is, the anode of the unidirectional energizing element D51 is connected to the collector of the driving switching element Q52, and the cathode is connected to the negative terminal of the integrating capacitive element C51.

  The unidirectional energization element D51 bypasses the current limiting resistance element R52 in a short-circuited state in a discharge state from the integrating capacitive element C51. In the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the rapid discharge resistance element R56 is further connected in parallel with the charge / discharge resistance element R51 connected in parallel to the integrating capacitance element C51. And a resistor series circuit of a current limiting resistor element R52. On the other hand, in the case of the second embodiment, since the unidirectional energization element D51 is connected in parallel with the current limiting resistance element R52 being short-circuited in a bypass manner, Only the rapid discharge resistance element R56 is connected in parallel to the charge / discharge resistance element R51 connected in parallel to the capacitive element C51, and the current limiting resistance element R52 is disconnected. Become.

Incidentally, when the combined resistance value Rc ′ of the resistance element R51 for charging / discharging and the resistance element R56 for rapid discharge is obtained,
Rc ′ = R51 · R56 / (R51 + R56)
It is. When you ask for a magnitude relationship,
Rc−Rc ′ = R52 · R51 ² / {(R51 + R56 + R52) · (R51 + R56)}> 0
∴Rc> Rc ′
In the second embodiment, the discharge resistance is smaller than that in the first embodiment. Therefore, although one component of the unidirectional energization element D51 increases as the number of parts, it is possible to further shorten the response delay time when the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is turned off. The added unidirectional energization element D51 does not affect the response delay time when the connection / disconnection switching element Q51 is turned on.

  Although two embodiments have been described above, the present invention includes the following embodiments.

  The unidirectional energization element D51 may be a thyristor in addition to a rectifier diode, or a diode-connected transistor. In the case of a bipolar transistor, the one in which the collector and the base are short-circuited is a unidirectional energization element, and in the case of the MOS-FET, the one in which the drain and the gate are short-circuited is a unidirectional energization element.

  The DC power source E51 may be any battery (lithium ion battery, nickel metal hydride battery, etc.), battery (storage battery), solar battery, fuel cell, DC-DC converter, AC-DC converter, super capacitor, etc. Good.

  The load circuit 53 is generally provided with a capacitive load and a resistive load. However, the load circuit 53 may be mainly composed of a capacitive load.

  The present invention relates to a switching device for connecting / disconnecting a DC power supply and a load circuit including a capacitive load, a rapid discharge resistance element, a positive electrode terminal of an integration capacitor element, and a drive switching element. Technology that realizes the effect of suppressing inrush current, maintaining good rise characteristics and shortening the response delay time at turn-off with a simple configuration by placing it between the connection point with the current limiting resistance element Useful as.

51 Time constant circuit 52 Drive control circuit 53 Load circuit C51 Capacitance element for integration C53 Capacitive load D51 Unidirectional energization element (rectifier diode)
E51 DC power supply L51 Power supply line L52 Ground line Q51 Switching element for connection / cutoff (P-channel type MOS-FET)
Q52 Driving switching element (NPN type transistor)
R51 Resistive element for charge / discharge R52 Resistive element for current limiting R53 Resistive load R56 Resistive element for rapid discharge Sc Switch control signal T1p High-potential side input terminal T1n Low-potential side input terminal T2p High-potential side output terminal T2n Output terminal on the low potential side

Claims (3)

An integrating capacitive element and a charging / discharging resistive element are connected in parallel between the input terminal and the control terminal in the current path of the switching element for connection / cutoff inserted in the middle of the power supply line, In a switching device in which a series circuit of a resistance limiting element and a driving switching element is connected between a control terminal of a switching element for connection / cutoff and a ground line, and further, a positive electrode of the integrating capacitive element A resistance element for rapid discharge is connected between the terminal and a connection point between the switching element for driving and the resistance element for current limitation;
Furthermore, a unidirectional energization element is connected in parallel to the current limiting resistance element in a state in which the forward direction is a direction from the driving switching element toward the integrating capacitive element. Switch device. 2. The switch device according to claim 1 , wherein the connection / disconnection switching element comprises a P-channel MOS-FET . The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the switching element for driving is composed of a bipolar transistor .

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