JP6474005B2 - セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及び気体燃料化方法 - Google Patents
セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及び気体燃料化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/26—Composting, fermenting or anaerobic digestion fuel components or materials from which fuels are prepared
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P2203/00—Fermentation products obtained from optionally pretreated or hydrolyzed cellulosic or lignocellulosic material as the carbon source
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Description
本願は、2014年5月15日に、日本に出願された特願2014−101839号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
すなわち、現状では、パーム幹に含まれる全樹液のうち、搾汁処理によって分離できる割合が十分ではなく、かなりの割合の樹液はパーム幹の搾汁バカス(絞り滓)とともに廃棄せざるを得ない状況であり、パーム幹のバイオマスとしての活用が十分ではない。
本実施形態に係るセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法は、搾汁対象であるセルロース系バイオマスとしてオイルパームの幹(パーム幹X1)を選定したものであり、図1のステップS1〜S5からなる。また、本実施形態に係るセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法は、図1のステップS1〜S8からなる。
実施例4〜9の結果より、加水比は、原料:加水=1:2の割合が必要であることがわかった。加水比が、原料:加水=1:2の割合の場合、湿式カッターでの前処理は不要であり、湿式ミル単独での処理が可能であった。
また、湿式カッター及び湿式ミルによる破砕と微細化を進めれば進めるほど生チップ中の水分がチップ外に排出され、原料のスラリー化が進行し、粘性の低下が認められた。
COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)濃度は、67000 ppmであった。また、生チップの含水率は79.86%であった。
そのため、各サンプル500g中の生チップ量は、500g÷3=166.7gとなる。したがって、生チップ由来のCOD量を計算すると、166.7g×79.86÷100×67000÷1000÷1000=8.92gとなる。よって、これを理論上搾汁可能なCOD量とした。
次に、各サンプルの遠心分離後の上澄み液量重量とそのCOD濃度を測定し、上澄み液中に溶出したCOD量を測定した。なお、本願で用いるCOD濃度は、二クロム酸カリウムにより計測するCODCrである。
その結果、実施例5のサンプル5BのCOD量は75.1%、実施例9のサンプル9CのCOD量は、63.6%となった。
また、実施例4のサンプル4AのCOD量は43.2%、実施例4のサンプル4BのCOD量は58.7%、実施例5のサンプル5AのCOD量は39.5%、実施例6のサンプル6AのCOD量は39.7%、実施例6のサンプル6BのCOD量は53.9%、実施例7のサンプル7AのCOD量は43.9%、実施例7のサンプル7BのCOD量は49.6%、実施例8のサンプル8AのCOD量は47.9%、実施例8のサンプル8BのCOD量は52.7%、実施例9のサンプル9AのCOD量は55.2%、実施例9のサンプル9BのCOD量は52.5%であった。
以上の結果より、湿式カッター及び湿式ミルで1次処理し、さらに湿式ミルで2次処理して粒子を微細化した方が上澄み液中へのCODの溶出割合が高くなった。これは図3に示されるような、パーム古木の柔組織のスポンジ状構造を破壊することで組織内に内包される水分を少なくできたためである。
(1)上記実施形態に係るセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及びセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法では、セルロース系バイオマスの一種であるパーム幹X1を搾汁対象としたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。糖分を含む樹液を有するセルロース系バイオマスには、パーム幹X1の他にパームの葉、バナナ、サトウキビ、トウモロコシ、キャッサバ、サゴ椰子、ヤムイモ、ソルガム、馬鈴薯、セルロースと樹液(またはジュース)、セルロース・でん粉・樹液(またはジュース)からなる作物等、種々の植物があるので、本願発明は、各種のセルロース系バイオマスに適用可能である。
1a 切刃
1b ロータ
1c ブレード
2 湿式ミル
2a 上部グラインダ
2b 下部グラインダ
X1 パーム幹
X2 パームチップ
X3 加水パームチップ
X4 破断済みパーム
X5 粉砕済みパーム
X6 樹液
X7 搾り滓
X8 糖化済み液
X9 糖化液
X10 バイオガス
Claims (6)
- セルロース系バイオマスを破砕し、さらに所定の前処理を施した上で搾汁処理するセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法であって、
前記前処理は、前記セルロース系バイオマスと重量比で1倍以上の水を加水する加水処理と、前記セルロース系バイオマスを構成する柔組織を破砕する機械的処理とを含む、セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。 - 前記機械的処理は、ミルを用いた粉砕処理、あるいはカッターを用いた破断処理及び前記粉砕処理である請求項1記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。
- 前記セルロース系バイオマスの破砕と前記機械的処理との間で加水処理を行う請求項2記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。
- 前記セルロース系バイオマスは、オイルパームの幹である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法によって得られた樹液をメタン発酵処理するセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法。
- 前記搾汁処理によって前記樹液が分離された搾り滓に糖化処理を施し、前記糖化処理によって得られた糖化液、または前記糖化液及び前記樹液をメタン発酵処理する請求項5記載のセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2014101839 | 2014-05-15 | ||
JP2014101839 | 2014-05-15 | ||
PCT/JP2015/064079 WO2015174529A1 (ja) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-05-15 | セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及び気体燃料化方法 |
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JP6964251B2 (ja) | 2017-11-14 | 2021-11-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | バイオマス組成物及びバイオマス成形体 |
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US3086452A (en) * | 1957-07-09 | 1963-04-23 | French Oil Mill Machinery | Apparatus for recovery of juice from sucrose bearing materials |
US3279357A (en) * | 1964-01-31 | 1966-10-18 | Honolulu Iron Works Company | Juice press |
AU568460B2 (en) * | 1985-09-02 | 1987-12-24 | Mark Humphrey O'sullivan | Disintegrating sugar cane |
JPH0824919B2 (ja) * | 1987-10-09 | 1996-03-13 | サントリー株式会社 | 蒸留残液のメタン発酵法 |
JP4533496B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-15 | 2010-09-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | バイオマスからの燃料製造方法 |
JP2003259892A (ja) * | 2002-03-13 | 2003-09-16 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | 澱粉貯蔵収穫物の直接液化法による糖液製造方法および該糖液を使用するアミノ酸の発酵生産方法 |
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JP4065960B1 (ja) * | 2007-01-25 | 2008-03-26 | 独立行政法人国際農林水産業研究センター | エタノール及び乳酸の製造方法 |
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WO2015174529A1 (ja) | 2015-11-19 |
JPWO2015174529A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
MY179968A (en) | 2020-11-19 |
US20170051316A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
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