JP6472998B2 - 液滴内への、または液滴からの複数の容量の注入 - Google Patents
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Description
本願は、2011年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/469,528号への優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、マイクロ流体の技術分野のものである。より詳細には本発明は、液滴内への、または液滴からの複数の容量の注入のためのマイクロ流体デバイスおよび方法に関する。
マイクロ流体プロセスでは、化学的または生物学的反応を実施するための反応器として、液滴を利用する場合がある。液滴マイクロ流体学と呼ばれることの多いそのようなプロセスにおいて、必要となる試薬は、液滴に封入されていなければならず、起こるべき反応に必要であればマイクロ流体デバイスにより処理されなければならない。多くの適用例において、複数の容量を、特定の順序で組み合わせなければならない。既存の方法では、複数の容量を別個に乳化し、液滴を相互に組み合わせ、液滴を接触させて、液滴が融合して容量を混和し得るようにすることにより、この結果を実現するよう試みている。しかし、液滴の融合が複数の液滴対で実証されたが、そのプロセスは制御が困難であり、信頼性のある作業ではなかった。
本発明は一般に、液滴内への、または液滴からの複数の実質的に制御された容量の注入を実施するためのシステムに関係する。該システムは、液滴が流れるマイクロ流体チャネルと、1つ以上の流体および/またはエマルジョンを含み得る1つ以上の注入チャネルと、各注入チャネルに付随し得る注入入口と、を含んでいてもよい。マイクロ流体チャネルは、1つ以上の注入チャネルのそれぞれに付随した注入入口と交差していてもよく、それにより各注入入口ならびに各注入チャネル内の流体および/またはエマルジョンが、注入界面(injection interface)と呼ばれる領域でマイクロ流体チャネルに連絡していてもよい。一実施形態において、各注入チャネルは、1つ以上のサブチャネルを更に含んでいてもよく、各サブチャネルは、流体および/またはエマルジョンを含んでいてもよく、各サブチャネルは、特定のサブチャネルを含む注入チャネルに付随した各注入入口でマイクロ流体チャネルと交差していてもよく、各サブチャネルは、注入界面でマイクロ流体チャネルと連通していてもよい。本発明のシステムは、注入チャネル内の流体またはエマルジョンとマイクロ流体チャネル内を流れる液滴の界面の少なくとも一部を破壊するためのメカニズムを更に含んでいてもよく、それにより液滴内への、または液滴からの比較的制御された容量の注入、つまり注入前に関して液滴の量の各増加または減少をもたらしてもよい。したがって液滴がマイクロ流体チャネルを流れると、実質的に制御された容量が、1つ以上の注入チャネルのそれぞれに付随した各注入入口を通して各液滴内に、もしくは液滴から注入されてもよい。
本発明は一般に、液滴内への、または液滴からの複数の実質的に制御された容量の注入を実施するためのシステム、ならびにそれを含む方法およびキットに関係する。本発明のシステムは、陽圧または陰圧の供給源、例えば圧縮もしくは排気式の空気だめ、シリンジポンプ、重力または求心力により作動されることにより液滴が流れるマイクロ流体チャネルを含み、圧力供給源は、非限定的に任意の気体もしくは気体の組み合わせ(例えば、空気、窒素、二酸化炭素、アルゴンなど)、または任意の液体もしくは液体の組み合わせ(例えば、水、緩衝液、油など)をはじめとする任意の流体または流体の組み合わせを含み、そのため液滴はマイクロ流体チャネルを通って流れ、または流動し(stream)、本明細書では「流れる液滴」または「流動する液滴」と呼ぶ。
実施例1
この実施例は、本発明によるシステムを用いた液滴内への2種の実質的に制御された容量の注入を実証する。それぞれ染料1および染料2と称し、異なる波長(それぞれ525nmおよび610nm)の蛍光の形態で発光する蛍光染料フルオレセインおよびローダミンBを、油中水エマルジョンを含む液滴に注入した。液滴を、染料1および染料2の両方の注入後に回収し、その後、マイクロ流体デバイスに通し、続いて油により間隔をとってマイクロ流体チャネル内に流したが、マイクロ流体チャネルは、液滴が一列縦隊で通過するよう十分に狭かった。レーザビームを用いて、吸収スペクトルにより液滴を励起して、染料1および染料2の両方のスペクトルの蛍光強度を、染料の発光ピークに対応するフィルターを具備した光電子倍増管(PMT)システムにより検出した。合計でおよそ1000個の液滴を、分析した。
Claims (11)
- 2つ以上の注入チャネルと交差した少なくとも1つのマイクロ流体チャネルであって、各注入チャネルは、各注入チャネルが前記マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する注入界面において注入入口を形成する、マイクロ流体チャネルと、
前記2つ以上の注入チャネルの前記注入入口において、液滴と流体及び/又はエマルジョンの間の界面を破壊するための一対の電極と、
を備える、液滴内に複数の容量を注入するためのシステムであって、
前記少なくとも1つのマイクロ流体チャネルが、内部を流れる1つ以上の液滴を含み、2つ以上の注入チャネルのそれぞれが、内部に少なくとも1つの流体及び/又はエマルジョンを含む、システム。 - 少なくとも2つ以上の注入チャネルの1つ以上が、1つ以上のサブチャネルを更に含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ以上のサブチャネルが、内部に流体および/またはエマルジョンを含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 液滴と流体および/またはエマルジョンの界面を破壊する一対の電極が、少なくとも1つのマイクロ流体チャネル内の局在化された比較的親水性の領域である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 液滴と流体および/またはエマルジョンの界面を破壊する一対の電極が、少なくとも1種のマイクロ流体チャネル内のポスト、バルブ、または変形から選択される流体の流れの破壊である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記一対の電極は、第一の電極及び第二の電極を有し、前記第一の電極及び第二の電極は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの片側に配置され、更に注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの反対側に実質的に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記一対の電極は、第一の電極及び第二の電極を有し、且つ前記第一の電極及び第一の注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの片側に配置され、更に前記第二の電極及び第二の注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの反対側に実質的に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記一対の電極は、第一の電極及び第二の電極を有し、且つ前記第一の電極及び第二の電極及び第一の注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの片側に配置され、第二の注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの反対側に実質的に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記一対の電極は、第一の電極及び第二の電極を有し、且つ前記マイクロ流体チャネルは屈曲部を備え、前記第一の電極は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの片側に配置され、且つ前記第二の電極及び第一の注入界面及び第二の注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの反対側に実質的に配置され、且つ前記第一の注入界面及び第二の注入界面は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの内部における屈曲部に実質的に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記一対の電極は、第一の電極及び第二の電極を有し、且つ前記マイクロ流体チャネルは第一の屈曲部及び第二の屈曲部を備え、前記第一の電極は前記マイクロ流体チャネルの片側に配置され、且つ前記第二の電極は、前記第一の屈曲部及び前記第二の屈曲部の間の前記マイクロ流体チャネルの反対側に実質的に配置され、且つ第一の注入界面は前記第一の屈曲部に実質的に配置され、且つ第二の注入界面は前記第二の屈曲部に実質的に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のシステムを含む、液滴内に複数の容量を注入するための方法。
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US201161469528P | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | |
US61/469,528 | 2011-03-30 | ||
PCT/US2012/030811 WO2012135259A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | Injection of multiple volumes into or out of droplets |
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JP2014515696A JP2014515696A (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
JP6472998B2 true JP6472998B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 |
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