JP6455942B2 - 多孔質体およびその製造方法、ならびに蓄電装置、トランジスタおよび太陽電池 - Google Patents
多孔質体およびその製造方法、ならびに蓄電装置、トランジスタおよび太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6455942B2 JP6455942B2 JP2016531142A JP2016531142A JP6455942B2 JP 6455942 B2 JP6455942 B2 JP 6455942B2 JP 2016531142 A JP2016531142 A JP 2016531142A JP 2016531142 A JP2016531142 A JP 2016531142A JP 6455942 B2 JP6455942 B2 JP 6455942B2
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
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Description
図1(a)から図1(d)は、実施形態1に係る多孔質体の製造方法を示す断面図である。図1(a)に示すように、複数の金属元素の合金18を形成する。合金18の形成は、例えば複数の金属元素が溶融する温度に加熱後、冷却することにより行なう。合金18は、例えば非晶質である。複数の金属元素としては、金(Au)、銀(Ag)、パラジウム(Pd)、白金(Pt)、アルミニウム(Al)、ニッケル(Ni)、マンガン(Mn)、銅(Cu)および亜鉛(Zn)を用いることができる。合金に含まれる金属元素の数は2つでもよいし、3つ以上でもよい。例えばニッケルを主成分とする多孔質金属を製造する場合、ニッケルとマンガンとの合金を用いる。例えば金を主成分とする多孔質金属を製造する場合、金と銀との合金を用いる。
図2(c)は、実施形態2に係る蓄電装置を示す断面図である。図2(c)に示すように、蓄電装置40は、正極42、負極46および電解質44を備えている。蓄電装置40は、例えば、リチウム空気電池、二次電池、または電気二重層キャパシタである。正極42および負極46の少なくも一方の電極に実施形態1の多孔質体30、32、または構造体34を用いることができる。多孔質体30、32、または構造体34は、例えば導電性材料に保持されていてもよいし、多孔質体30、32、または構造体34を単独で用いてもよい。実施形態1の多孔質体30、32、または構造体34を電極の触媒として用いることにより、蓄電装置の性能を向上できる。
図3(a)は、実施形態3に係るトランジスタを示す断面図である。図3(a)に示すように、トランジスタ50は、チャネル52、ゲート電極54、ソース電極56およびドレイン電極58を備えている。チャネル52は、多孔質体30、32、または構造体34を含む。ゲート電極54に電圧を印加することにより、ソース電極56とドレイン電極58との間の電流を制御する。多孔質体30、32、または構造体34は、3次元構造を有しかつ移動度が高いため、トランジスタ50の性能を高めることができる。
図3(b)は、実施形態4に係るセンサーを示す断面図である。図3(b)に示すように、センサー60は、センシング体62に電極64および66が設けられている。センシング体62は、多孔質体30、32、構造体34または36を含む。センシング体62では、検出量の変化により、その電気的特性が変化する。電極64および66は、センシング体62の電気的特性の変化を電気信号に変換する。
図3(c)は、実施形態5に係る太陽電池を示す断面図である。図3(c)に示すように、太陽電池70は、光電変換層72に電極74および76が設けられている。電極74は、光が光電変換層72に照射されるように、メッシュ状である。光電変換層72は多孔質体30、32、構造体34または36である。光電変換層72は、光が照射されると、電流または電圧を発生させる。これにより、電極74および76の間に、電位差が生じる。多孔質体30、32、構造体34または36は、表面積が大きく、および/または移動度が高いため、太陽電池70の性能を高めることができる。
ドープ元素 原料ガス
リン トリプロピルホスフィン
硫黄 チオフェン
窒素とリン ピリジンとトリプロピルホスフィン
窒素と硫黄 ピリジンとチオフェン
ホウ素 トリエチルボラン
その他の炭素構造体20の作製条件は実施例2と同じである。
サンプル 元サンプル 酸化時間 還元時間
NRGO N800S 30分 1.2時間
NGO N800S 3時間 還元せず
RGO G800S 3時間 3時間
GO G800S 3時間 還元せず
負極: 金属リチウム
電解質:有機電解液(LiTFSI/TEGDME)
正極: 実施例2のサンプルN800Sをチタン(Ti)製のメッシュに保持させる。
なお、過塩素酸リチウムは、リチウムイオンの最初の供給源である。
以下に作製した電気二重層キャパシタの各材料を示す。
負極: 白金
電解質:1M KOH溶液
正極: サンプルCまたはD
ここで、サンプルCは実施例2のサンプルN800Sであり、サンプルDはサンプルN800Sを5枚重ねて、30MPaの圧力で5分間加圧し潰したサンプルである。
負極: 金属リチウム
電解質:有機電解液(LiTFSI/TEGDME)
正極: サンプルG800、N800S、S800、またはNS800をチタン(Ti)製のメッシュに保持させる。
その他の構成は実施例4のリチウム空気電池と同じであり、説明を省略する。
12 細孔
14 リガメント
20 炭素構造体
22 細孔
24 層
30、32 多孔質体
34、36 構造体
40 蓄電装置
42 正極
44 電解質
46 負極
Claims (10)
- 平均サイズが2μm以下であり、かつ最小サイズが60nm以上である細孔と、全体に亘って曲率を有するとともに、PES(Photo Emission Spectroscopy)法を用いて電子状態密度を測定した場合に、フェルミレベルからの結合エネルギーが0から0.4eVの範囲において、結合エネルギーに対する信号強度を最小自乗法を用い直線近似したときの相関係数が90%以上となるディラックコーン型の電子状態密度を有するグラフェン層からなる炭素構造体をその表面に具備することを特徴とするニッケル多孔質体。
- 平均サイズが2μm以下であり、かつ最小サイズが60nm以上である細孔と、全体に亘って曲率を有するとともに、PES(Photo Emission Spectroscopy)法を用いて電子状態密度を測定した場合に、フェルミレベルからの結合エネルギーが0から0.4eVの範囲において、結合エネルギーに対する信号強度を最小自乗法を用い直線近似したときの相関係数が90%以上となるディラックコーン型の電子状態密度を有するグラフェン層からなる炭素構造体のみからなることを特徴とする多孔質体。
- 前記細孔内は空洞であることを特徴とする請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の多孔質体。
- 前記炭素構造体は、触媒となる物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の多孔質体。
- 前記炭素構造体は、窒素、ホウ素、リン、硫黄、ニッケルおよびマンガンの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の多孔質体。
- 前記細孔の平均サイズは1μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の多孔質体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の多孔質体を含むことを特徴とする蓄電装置。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の多孔質体を含むことを特徴とするトランジスタ。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の多孔質体を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池。
- 脱合金化により形成されたニッケル多孔質体を細孔およびリガメントのサイズが大きくなるように熱処理する工程と、
前記ニッケル多孔質体の表面に、ディラックコーン型の電子状態密度を有するグラフェン層からなる炭素構造体をCVDにより形成する工程と、
を含み、
前記熱処理する工程は、前記炭素構造体を形成する工程の前または同時に実施されることを特徴とするニッケル多孔質体の製造方法。
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