JP6452558B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring thinning of outer surface of buried pipe, etc. - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring thinning of outer surface of buried pipe, etc. Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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Description
本発明は、埋設管等の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を測定する埋設管等の外面減肉測定方法及び装置に関する。
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring thinning of an outer surface of a buried pipe or the like that measures thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like.
従来より、金属製配管の腐食等による減肉や板厚（肉厚）を測定するための配管検査装置が提案されている。しかし、それらの多くは、配管の外側から超音波などを発振しその反射波などから配管の傷などの減肉や板厚を測定するものであり（例えば特許文献１参照）、地中に埋設された埋設管などへの適用は想定されていなかった。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, pipe inspection apparatuses for measuring metal thinning due to corrosion of metal pipes and plate thickness (thickness) have been proposed. However, most of them oscillate ultrasonic waves from the outside of the pipe and measure the thickness reduction and thickness of the pipe from the reflected wave, etc. (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and are buried in the ground. Application to buried pipes was not expected.
前述のように、特許文献１に示すような従来の金属製配管の腐食等による減肉や板厚（肉厚）を測定するための配管検査装置は、配管の外部から配管の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を測定することはできるが、配管の内部から配管の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を有効に測定することは困難であった。また、従来より、配管の内部から画像センサなどにより配管の内周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を測定する配管検査装置などが知られているが、このような画像センサなどを利用した従来の配管検査装置においては、配管の内部から配管の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を有効に測定することは困難であった。 As described above, a pipe inspection apparatus for measuring the thickness reduction or thickness (wall thickness) of a conventional metal pipe as shown in Patent Document 1 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the pipe from the outside of the pipe. Although thinning due to scratches or corrosion can be measured, it has been difficult to effectively measure thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of the pipe from the inside of the pipe. Also, conventionally, pipe inspection devices that measure thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the inner peripheral surface side of the pipe by an image sensor from the inside of the pipe are known, but such an image sensor is used. In the conventional pipe inspection apparatus, it has been difficult to effectively measure the thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of the pipe from the inside of the pipe.
ところで、一般に金属配管に関してはその外周面に腐食等による減肉部が発生し易いため、定期的に金属配管の保守のため配管の外周面の傷又は腐食等による減肉の状態を測定することが求められる。しかし、地中に埋設された埋設管又は海底や湖底に敷設された水底管（以下、これらを纏めて「埋設管等」という）に関しては、金属配管の外部からの測定作業、すなわち地中や水底での測定作業が実際上困難であることから、埋設管等の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を有効に且つ効率的に検査・測定することは極めて難しかった。 By the way, in general, metal pipes are prone to thinning due to corrosion or the like on the outer peripheral surface, so periodically measure the state of thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe for maintenance of metal piping. Is required. However, for underground pipes buried in the ground or water bottom pipes laid on the seabed or lake bottom (hereinafter collectively referred to as “buried pipes etc.”), measurement work from the outside of metal piping, Since the measurement work at the bottom of the water is actually difficult, it is extremely difficult to effectively and efficiently inspect and measure the thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like.
本発明はこのような従来技術の問題点に着目して為されたものであって、埋設管等の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を有効に且つ効率的に検査・測定することができる、埋設管等の外面減肉測定方法及び装置を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems of the prior art, and is capable of effectively and efficiently inspecting and measuring thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of buried pipes and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the thickness reduction of an outer surface of a buried pipe or the like.
以上のような課題を解決するための本発明による埋設管等の外面減肉測定方法は、埋設管等の内部を管軸方向に移動する移動部により、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置された３個の渦電流発生検出部であって、交流磁界を埋設管又は水底管（以下「埋設管等」という）の内周面側から埋設管等に印加する交流磁界発生部と前記交流磁界発生部により印加された交流磁界により埋設管等に発生する渦電流を埋設管等の内周面側から検出する渦流センサとをそれぞれ含み、埋設管等の内周方向に沿うように且つ互いが１２０度だけ離れるように互いに等間隔で配置されている３個の渦電流発生検出部をして、所定ピッチでの移動及び停止を交互に繰り返させる移動停止ステップと、前記３個の渦電流発生検出部、前記３個の渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の周方向に回動させる回動部、及び前記３個の渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の内周面側に付勢又は押圧するスプリングにより、前記移動部が停止しているとき、前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部をそれぞれ１２０度だけ周方向に回動させ、当該回動しているときの前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の内周面側へ付勢又は押圧して、前記回動中の３個の各渦電流発生検出部と埋設管等の内周面側との間のギャップを常に一定に保持させる回動ステップと、を含み、前記移動部が埋設管等の管軸方向に所定ピッチで移動して停止する度に、前記回動部が前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を１２０度だけ回動させることにより、前記交流磁界発生部による埋設管等への交流磁界の印加とこれにより埋設管等に発生する渦電流の検出とが、埋設管等の前記停止位置及びその周辺における周方向の全体に渡って行われるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。
In order to solve the above-described problems, the method for measuring the thinning of the outer surface of an embedded pipe or the like according to the present invention includes the moving part or a member connected to the moving part that moves in the pipe axis direction inside the embedded pipe or the like. Three eddy current generation detection units arranged in the AC magnetic field generation unit for applying an AC magnetic field to the buried pipe or the like from the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the bottom pipe (hereinafter referred to as “buried pipe or the like”); An eddy current sensor that detects an eddy current generated in an embedded pipe or the like by an AC magnetic field applied by the AC magnetic field generating unit from the inner peripheral surface side of the embedded pipe or the like, and is along the inner peripheral direction of the embedded pipe or the like And three eddy current generation detectors arranged at equal intervals so as to be separated from each other by 120 degrees, a movement stop step for alternately repeating movement and stop at a predetermined pitch, and the three Eddy current generation detector, the three eddy current generation The moving unit is stopped by a rotating unit that rotates the detecting unit in the circumferential direction of the buried tube and the spring that biases or presses the three eddy current generation detecting units toward the inner peripheral surface of the buried tube. When the three eddy current generation detection units are rotated in the circumferential direction by 120 degrees, the three eddy current generation detection units when the rotation is performed, A rotation step of biasing or pressing the inner peripheral surface side to constantly keep a gap between each of the three rotating eddy current generation detection units and the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe, etc. Each time the moving unit stops at a predetermined pitch in the axial direction of the buried pipe or the like, the rotating unit rotates the three eddy current generation detecting units by 120 degrees. The application of an alternating magnetic field to the buried pipe or the like by the alternating magnetic field generator and the eddy current generated in the buried pipe or the like thereby Detection and is characterized in that it has to be done over the entire circumferential direction in the stop position and around the buried pipe or the like.
また、本発明による埋設管等の外面減肉測定装置は、埋設管又は水底管（以下「埋設管等」という）の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を測定する埋設管等の外面減肉測定装置であって、埋設管等の内部を管軸方向に移動する移動部であって所定ピッチでの移動と停止を交互に繰り返す移動部と、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置された３個の渦電流発生検出部であって、交流磁界を埋設管等の内周面側から埋設管等に印加する交流磁界発生部と前記交流磁界発生部により印加された交流磁界により埋設管等に発生する渦電流を埋設管等の内周面側から検出する渦流センサとをそれぞれ含み、埋設管等の内周方向に沿うように且つ互いが１２０度だけ離れるように互いに等間隔で配置されている３個の渦電流発生検出部と、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置され、前記移動部が停止しているとき前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部をそれぞれ１２０度だけ周方向に回動させる回動部と、前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部が前記回動部により回動しているとき、当該回動中の前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の内周面側へ付勢又は押圧して前記回動中の３個の各渦電流発生検出部と埋設管等の内周面側との間のギャップを常に一定に保持させるスプリングと、を備え、前記移動部が埋設管等の管軸方向に所定ピッチで移動して停止する度に、前記回動部が前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を１２０度だけ回動させることにより、前記交流磁界発生部による埋設管等への交流磁界の印加とこれにより埋設管等に発生する渦電流の検出とが、埋設管等の前記停止位置及びその周辺における周方向の全体に渡って行われるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。
Moreover, the outer surface thinning measuring apparatus for buried pipes and the like according to the present invention is an outer surface of a buried pipe or the like for measuring the thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the water bottom pipe (hereinafter referred to as “buried pipe etc.”). It is a thinning measuring device, which is a moving part that moves in the direction of the pipe axis in an embedded pipe or the like, a moving part that alternately repeats moving and stopping at a predetermined pitch, and the moving part or a member connected thereto The three eddy current generation detection units disposed in the AC magnetic field generation unit that applies an AC magnetic field to the buried pipe or the like from the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like, and the AC magnetic field applied by the AC magnetic field generation unit Eddy current sensors that detect eddy currents generated in the buried pipe or the like from the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like, respectively, along the inner circumferential direction of the buried pipe or the like and so as to be separated from each other by 120 degrees. Three eddy current generation detectors arranged at intervals, and A rotating part that is arranged on a moving part or a member connected thereto and rotates the three eddy current generation detecting parts in the circumferential direction by 120 degrees when the moving part is stopped; When each of the eddy current generation detection units is rotated by the rotation unit, the three eddy current generation detection units that are rotating are biased or pressed toward the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like. And a spring that keeps the gap between each of the three eddy current generation detectors that are rotating and the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like constantly constant, and the moving part is made of a buried pipe or the like Each time the rotating unit rotates each of the three eddy current generation detecting units by 120 degrees every time it moves and stops at a predetermined pitch in the tube axis direction, it becomes a buried tube or the like by the AC magnetic field generating unit. The application of the alternating magnetic field and the detection of eddy currents generated in the buried pipe and the like are caused by the stop position of the buried pipe etc. And it is characterized in that it has to be done over the entire circumferential direction of the periphery thereof.
また、本発明による埋設管等の外面減肉測定装置においては、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置された交流磁界発生部及び渦流センサは、スプリングにより常に埋設管等の内周面側に付勢又は押圧されていてもよい。 In the outer wall thinning measuring apparatus for buried pipes and the like according to the present invention, the AC magnetic field generating part and the eddy current sensor arranged in the moving part or a member connected to the moving part are always inner peripheral surfaces of the buried pipes by springs. It may be biased or pressed to the side.
また、本発明による埋設管等の外面減肉測定装置においては、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材には、３個の各交流磁界発生部及び各渦流センサが、埋設管等の内周方向に沿って互いに等間隔で配置されており、前記回動部は、前記移動部が停止しているとき、前記各交流磁界発生部及び各渦流センサを１２０度だけ回動させるものであってもよい。 Moreover, in the outer surface thinning measuring apparatus for buried pipes and the like according to the present invention, each of the moving parts or the members connected thereto has three AC magnetic field generating parts and eddy current sensors arranged on the inner circumference of the buried pipe or the like. The rotating parts are arranged at equal intervals along the direction, and the rotating part rotates the AC magnetic field generating parts and the eddy current sensors by 120 degrees when the moving part is stopped. Also good.
さらに、本発明による埋設管等の外面減肉測定装置においては、前記交流磁界発生部は、埋設管等の外周面側にも磁束が浸透するような周波数の交流磁界を、埋設管等の内周面側に印加するものであってもよい。
Furthermore, in the outer wall thinning measuring apparatus for buried pipes or the like according to the present invention, the AC magnetic field generating unit generates an alternating magnetic field having a frequency at which the magnetic flux penetrates also to the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like. You may apply to the surrounding surface side.
本発明においては、埋設管等の内部を管軸方向に移動する移動部又はこれと連結された部材に交流磁界発生部及び渦流センサを配置し、これらを埋設管等の内周面に沿うように周方向に回動させるようにしている。よって、本発明によれば、前記交流磁界発生部により交流磁界を埋設管等に印加して埋設管等の内周面及び内部に発生した渦電流を埋設管等の内周面側から渦流センサで検出し、この検出データを解析することにより、例えば地面を掘削して埋設管等の外周面側を露出させることなく、埋設管等の外周面側の傷又は腐食等による減肉部の有無及びその大きさなどを有効に且つ効率的に測定できるようになる。 In the present invention, the AC magnetic field generating unit and the eddy current sensor are arranged on a moving unit that moves in the pipe axis direction inside the buried pipe or the like or a member connected thereto, and these are arranged along the inner peripheral surface of the buried pipe or the like. It is made to rotate in the circumferential direction. Therefore, according to the present invention, an AC magnetic field is applied to the embedded pipe or the like by the AC magnetic field generating unit, and the eddy current generated in the inner peripheral surface of the embedded pipe or the like and the eddy current generated from the inner peripheral surface side of the embedded pipe or the like is detected from the eddy current sensor. By detecting this and analyzing the detected data, for example, without excavating the ground and exposing the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe, etc., the presence or absence of a thinned portion due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe etc. And its size can be measured effectively and efficiently.
また、本発明において、前記移動部は所定ピッチで移動と停止を自動的に繰り返すものとし、前記回動部は前記移動部が停止しているとき前記交流磁界発生部及び渦流センサを所定角度だけ回動させるものとしたときは、前記交流磁界の印加とこれによる渦電流の検出とを埋設管等の全体に渡って自動的且つ効率的に行えるようになる。 In the present invention, the moving unit automatically repeats moving and stopping at a predetermined pitch, and the rotating unit moves the AC magnetic field generating unit and the eddy current sensor by a predetermined angle when the moving unit is stopped. When the rotation is performed, the application of the alternating magnetic field and the detection of the eddy current caused thereby can be performed automatically and efficiently over the entire buried pipe or the like.
また、本発明において、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置された交流磁界発生部及び渦流センサを常時スプリングにより埋設管等の内周面側に押圧するようにしたときは、前記交流磁界発生部及び渦流センサと埋設管等の内周面（内壁面）との間のギャップを常に一定に保持することができ、その結果、渦流センサによる検出データ中の電磁ノイズを大幅に低減させることができる。 In the present invention, when the AC magnetic field generating unit and the eddy current sensor arranged on the moving unit or a member connected to the moving unit are constantly pressed against the inner peripheral surface side of an embedded pipe or the like by a spring, the AC The gap between the magnetic field generator and the eddy current sensor and the inner peripheral surface (inner wall surface) of the buried pipe, etc. can always be kept constant, and as a result, electromagnetic noise in the detection data by the eddy current sensor is greatly reduced. be able to.
また、本発明において、前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に３個の各交流磁界発生部及び各渦流センサを埋設管等の周方向に沿って互いに等間隔で配置しておき、前記回動部により前記各交流磁界発生部及び各渦流センサを１２０度だけ（１２０度ずつ）回動させるようにしたときは、１２０度という短い距離での回動動作を行うだけで、埋設管等の管軸方向の各位置（前記移動部が管軸方向に移動しながら一時的な停止を繰り返す位置）における外周面側の周方向全体の減肉部の有無及びその大きさなどを効率的に測定することができる。 In the present invention, the three AC magnetic field generating units and the eddy current sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of a buried pipe or the like on the moving unit or a member connected thereto. When each AC magnetic field generation unit and each eddy current sensor are rotated by 120 degrees (120 degrees each) by the moving part, it is only necessary to perform a rotating operation at a short distance of 120 degrees to Efficiently measure presence / absence and size of thinning part in the whole circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface side at each position in the pipe axis direction (position where the moving part repeats temporary stop while moving in the pipe axis direction) can do.
さらに、本発明においては、前記交流磁界発生部から交流磁界を埋設管等の内周面側に印加し、埋設管等の外周面側まで磁束を浸透させ、前記外周面側にも渦電流を誘導させるようにしたので、埋設管等の外周面側の減肉部の有無及びその大きさなどを有効に測定できるようになる。
Further, in the present invention, an AC magnetic field is applied from the AC magnetic field generating unit to the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe, etc., and the magnetic flux is permeated to the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe, etc., and eddy current is also applied to the outer peripheral surface side. Since it was made to induce, it becomes possible to effectively measure the presence / absence and the size of the thinned portion on the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しつつ説明する。図１は本発明に係る埋設管の外周面側減肉測定装置の一実施形態としての磁気飽和型渦流探傷装置を示す全体構成図、図２は本実施形態の電気的構成を示す構成図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a magnetic saturation type eddy current flaw detection device as one embodiment of an apparatus for measuring the thickness reduction on the outer peripheral surface side of an embedded pipe according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an electrical configuration of this embodiment. is there.
図１及び２において、１は本発明に係る埋設管の外周面側減肉測定装置の一実施形態としての磁気飽和型渦流探傷装置、２は励磁装置２ａ（図２参照）、渦流センサ２ｂ（図２参照）及びこれらを回動させる回動用モーター（回動部。図示省略）などを含む測定部、３は前記測定部２と直接に連結された走行部であって前記測定部２などを埋設管等の内部で管軸方向（図１の右方向）に走行させる走行部、３ａは前記走行部３の周囲に備えられた車輪（前側と後側とに計３個ずつの各車輪が埋設管の周方向に沿って互いに等間隔に配置されている）、４は前記走行部３と連結バー５を介して連結された電装ピグであって前記渦流センサ２ｂからの信号を解析する信号処理装置４ａ及び記憶装置４ｂなどを含む電装ピグ、６（図２参照）は前記走行部３を管軸方向に走行させる走行用モーターと前記測定部２中の励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを内周方向に回動させる回動用モーター（回動部）などを含む駆動装置である。なお、前記信号処理装置４ａ（図２参照）による信号の解析動作に関しては、例えば本出願人の先願に係る特願２０１４−０４７２２７の明細書などに記載されている。 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a magnetic saturation type eddy current flaw detector as an embodiment of an outer peripheral surface thinning measuring apparatus for an embedded pipe according to the present invention, reference numeral 2 denotes an excitation device 2a (see FIG. 2), and eddy current sensor 2b ( 2) and a measuring unit 3 including a rotating motor (rotating unit, not shown) for rotating them, and 3 is a traveling unit directly connected to the measuring unit 2, which includes the measuring unit 2 and the like. A traveling unit 3a that travels in the direction of the tube axis (right direction in FIG. 1) inside a buried pipe or the like includes three wheels provided around the traveling unit 3 (a total of three wheels on the front side and the rear side). 4 is an electrical pig connected to the traveling part 3 via a connecting bar 5 and is a signal for analyzing a signal from the eddy current sensor 2b. The electrical equipment pig 6 including the processing device 4a and the storage device 4b, etc. (see FIG. 2) The driving device includes a traveling motor for traveling the row unit 3 in the tube axis direction, a rotating motor (rotating unit) for rotating the excitation device 2a and the eddy current sensor 2b in the measuring unit 2 in the inner circumferential direction, and the like. . The signal analysis operation by the signal processing device 4a (see FIG. 2) is described in, for example, the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-047227 related to the prior application of the present applicant.
前記走行部３は、モーターによる自走式で、前記測定部２及び電装ピグ４などを管軸方向にピッチ送りで走行させる走行用モーター及び走行用車輪３ａ（図１参照）などから構成されている。すなわち前記走行部３の外周側には、前記走行用車輪３ａが前側と後側とに計３個ずつ、埋設管１０の内周方向に沿って、互いに等間隔に（互いに１２０度離れるように）配置されている（後述する図４も参照）。前記各走行用車輪３ａは、スプリング等により常に埋設管の内周面１０ａの方向に付勢されている。前記走行部３は、例えば３ｍｍ、５ｍｍ又は１０ｍｍのいずれかユーザーが選択したピッチで、管軸方向の移動と停止を自動的に繰り返す。 The traveling unit 3 is a self-propelled type using a motor, and includes a traveling motor and a traveling wheel 3a (see FIG. 1) that travels the measuring unit 2 and the electrical equipment pig 4 by pitch feed in the tube axis direction. Yes. That is, on the outer peripheral side of the traveling part 3, a total of three traveling wheels 3a on the front side and the rear side are arranged at equal intervals along the inner peripheral direction of the embedded pipe 10 (so as to be 120 degrees apart from each other). (See also FIG. 4 described later). Each of the traveling wheels 3a is always urged toward the inner peripheral surface 10a of the buried pipe by a spring or the like. The traveling unit 3 automatically repeats movement and stop in the tube axis direction at a pitch selected by the user, for example, 3 mm, 5 mm, or 10 mm.
前記測定部２は、電磁石などから成る励磁装置２ａ、渦流センサ２ｂ、及びこれらを埋設管の内周面に沿うように回動させる回動用モーター（回動部）などを含む。前記測定部２の外周側には、前記励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂが、それぞれ計３個ずつ、埋設管１０の内周方向に沿って、互いに等間隔に（互いに１２０度離れるように）配置されている。また前記各励磁装置２ａ及び各渦流センサ２ｂは、スプリング等により常に埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ方向に付勢又は押圧されている。 The measurement unit 2 includes an excitation device 2a made of an electromagnet, an eddy current sensor 2b, and a rotation motor (rotation unit) that rotates these along the inner peripheral surface of the buried pipe. On the outer peripheral side of the measuring unit 2, the three excitation devices 2a and the eddy current sensors 2b are arranged at equal intervals along the inner peripheral direction of the buried pipe 10 (so as to be 120 degrees apart from each other). Has been. The excitation devices 2a and the eddy current sensors 2b are always urged or pressed in the direction of the inner peripheral surface 10a of the buried pipe 10 by a spring or the like.
前記回動用モーター（回動部）は、前記の管軸方向への走行と停止を所定ピッチで繰り返す走行部３が停止しているとき、計３個の各励磁装置２ａ及び各渦流センサ２ｂを１２０度だけ内周方向に回動させる。この１２０度の回動により、前記の計３個ずつの各励磁装置２ａ及び各渦流センサ２ｂは、前記走行部３の各停止位置において、埋設管１０の内周面１０ａを、計３個の合計で３６０度、回動する。 When the traveling unit 3 that repeats traveling and stopping in the tube axis direction at a predetermined pitch is stopped, the rotating motor (rotating unit) is configured to connect a total of three excitation devices 2a and eddy current sensors 2b. Rotate in the inner circumferential direction by 120 degrees. By this rotation of 120 degrees, each of the three exciter devices 2a and each of the eddy current sensors 2b in total has three inner peripheral surfaces 10a of the buried pipe 10 at each stop position of the traveling unit 3. It rotates 360 degrees in total.
また図３は前記各励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂの構成及び動作を説明するための概略図である。図３において、２１は前記励磁装置２ａを構成しており埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側から例えば５〜４０Ｈｚの低周波数の交流磁界を印加するヨークコイル、２２は前記渦流センサ２ｂを構成するＵ字コアプローブである。前記ヨークコイル２１と前記Ｕ字コアプローブ２２の前記埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側の端部は、常にスプリング等により前記埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側に付勢・押圧されている。よって、前記ヨークコイル２１と前記Ｕ字コアプローブ２２の前記埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側の端部は、前記埋設管１０の内周面１０ａに対して、常に、一定の間隔（前記ヨークコイル２１と前記Ｕ字コアプローブ２２の前記内周面１０ａ側端部の下面に配置された例えばプラスチック製カバーの板厚と一致する距離であって、例えば０．５〜１．０ｍｍの距離）を介して近接されている。 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration and operation of each excitation device 2a and eddy current sensor 2b. In FIG. 3, 21 constitutes the excitation device 2a, a yoke coil for applying an AC magnetic field of a low frequency of, for example, 5 to 40 Hz from the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the buried tube 10, and 22 constitutes the eddy current sensor 2b. It is a U-shaped core probe. The end portions of the yoke coil 21 and the U-shaped core probe 22 on the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the embedded tube 10 are always urged and pressed to the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the embedded tube 10 by a spring or the like. Accordingly, the end portions of the yoke coil 21 and the U-shaped core probe 22 on the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the embedded tube 10 are always at a constant distance from the inner peripheral surface 10a of the embedded tube 10 (the yoke The distance that coincides with the plate thickness of, for example, a plastic cover disposed on the lower surface of the end portion on the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the coil 21 and the U-shaped core probe 22, for example, a distance of 0.5 to 1.0 mm) Are in close proximity.
本実施形態では、埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側に対して励磁装置２ａ（ヨークコイル２１）から例えば５〜４０Ｈｚの低周波数の交流磁界を印加した場合、埋設管１０中の前記交流磁界を印加した部分及びその周辺に傷又は腐食等による減肉部がないときは、図３（ａ）に示すように、前記交流磁界を印加した部分及びその周辺（内周面１０ａ側及び外周面１０ｂ側を含む）において磁束が均一に分布する。他方、埋設管１０中の前記交流磁界を印加した部分及びその周辺、特にその埋設管１０の外周面１０ｂ側の一部に傷又は腐食等による減肉部１０ｃが存在するときは、図３（ｂ）に示すように、前記交流磁界を印加した部分及びその周辺（内周面１０ａ側及び外周面１０ｂ側を含む）の中で前記減肉部１０ｃに対応する場所だけ磁束密度が増加する。よって、この磁束密度の変化を渦流センサ２ｂ（Ｕ字コアプローブ２２）で検出することにより、減肉部１０ｃの場所とその部分の肉厚（埋設管１０の板厚）を検出、測定できる。 In this embodiment, when an AC magnetic field with a low frequency of, for example, 5 to 40 Hz is applied from the excitation device 2a (yoke coil 21) to the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the embedded tube 10, the AC magnetic field in the embedded tube 10 is applied. When there is no thinned part due to scratches or corrosion in the applied part and its periphery, as shown in FIG. 3A, the part to which the AC magnetic field is applied and its periphery (inner peripheral surface 10a side and outer peripheral surface 10b) (Including the side), the magnetic flux is uniformly distributed. On the other hand, when the thinned portion 10c due to scratches or corrosion exists in the portion of the buried pipe 10 to which the AC magnetic field is applied and in the vicinity thereof, particularly on the outer peripheral surface 10b side of the buried pipe 10, FIG. As shown in b), the magnetic flux density increases only in the portion corresponding to the thinned portion 10c in the portion to which the AC magnetic field is applied and the periphery thereof (including the inner peripheral surface 10a side and the outer peripheral surface 10b side). Therefore, by detecting this change in magnetic flux density with the eddy current sensor 2b (U-shaped core probe 22), the location of the thinned portion 10c and the thickness of the portion (the thickness of the buried tube 10) can be detected and measured.
また図４は本実施形態における走行部３の構成（走行部３に備えられた計３個の走行用車輪３ａなど）を説明するための図である。図４に示すように、前記走行部３の外周側には、計３個の走行用車輪３ａが互いに等間隔で（互いに１２０度ずつ離れるように）配置されている。そして、前記各車輪３ａはスプリング等により常時、埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側に付勢・押圧されており、その状態でモーターにより回転する。これにより、前記走行部３が、埋設管１０内を管軸方向に安定的に走行し、前記測定部２及び電装ピグ４などが管軸方向にスムーズに移動する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the traveling unit 3 in this embodiment (a total of three traveling wheels 3a provided in the traveling unit 3). As shown in FIG. 4, a total of three traveling wheels 3 a are arranged at regular intervals (120 degrees apart from each other) on the outer peripheral side of the traveling unit 3. The wheels 3a are constantly urged and pressed by the spring or the like toward the inner peripheral surface 10a of the buried pipe 10, and are rotated by the motor in this state. Accordingly, the traveling unit 3 stably travels in the buried pipe 10 in the tube axis direction, and the measuring unit 2 and the electrical equipment pig 4 move smoothly in the tube axis direction.
次に本発明者が本実施形態を使用して行った鋼管の減肉率を求める実験とその結果を図５を参照して説明する。図５において、（ａ）は本発明者の実験において測定対象として使用された鋼管を示す図、（ｂ）は所定ピッチでの移動と停止を繰り返す走行部３が停止したときその停止位置で励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを内周方向に回動させたときの渦流センサ２ｂからの出力波形を示すグラフ、（ｃ）は前記（ｂ）の出力波形の振幅とそれに対応する鋼管の減肉率を示す表、（ｄ）は本実験において事前に用意した前記鋼管の波形振幅と減肉率との相関を示す較正曲線を示すグラフである。 Next, an experiment for obtaining the thickness reduction rate of the steel pipe performed by the inventor using the present embodiment and the result thereof will be described with reference to FIG. 5A is a view showing a steel pipe used as a measurement object in the experiment of the present inventor, and FIG. 5B is an excitation at the stop position when the traveling unit 3 that repeats moving and stopping at a predetermined pitch is stopped. The graph which shows the output waveform from the eddy current sensor 2b when rotating the apparatus 2a and the eddy current sensor 2b in the inner circumferential direction, (c) is the amplitude of the output waveform of the above (b) and the corresponding thinning rate of the steel pipe (D) is a graph showing a calibration curve showing the correlation between the waveform amplitude of the steel pipe prepared in advance in this experiment and the thinning rate.
本実験において、本発明者は、本実施形態を使用して、走行部３及び測定分２などが管軸方向に所定ピッチで移動して停止する度に、励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを鋼管の内周面に沿うように回動させながら、図５（ａ）の鋼管の内周面側に対し励磁装置２ａから例えば５〜４０Ｈｚの低周波数の交流磁界（前記鋼管の内周面側から外周面側まで浸透し得る交流磁界）を印加し、それにより鋼管に誘起された渦電流を渦流センサ２ｂにより検出し、図５（ｂ）の波形出力を得た。そして、図５（ｂ）に示す出力波形の振幅から、図５（ｄ）の較正曲線を参照して、図５（ｃ）に示すような、鋼管の管軸方向における複数箇所（前記各停止位置）の周辺部分の減肉率を得た。 In this experiment, the present inventor uses the present embodiment to connect the exciter 2a and the eddy current sensor 2b to the steel pipe every time the traveling unit 3 and the measurement portion 2 move at a predetermined pitch in the tube axis direction and stop. While rotating along the inner peripheral surface of the steel pipe, the alternating current magnetic field with a low frequency of, for example, 5 to 40 Hz (from the inner peripheral surface side of the steel pipe) from the excitation device 2a with respect to the inner peripheral surface side of the steel pipe in FIG. An alternating magnetic field that can penetrate to the outer peripheral surface side) was applied, and eddy currents induced in the steel pipe were thereby detected by the eddy current sensor 2b, and the waveform output of FIG. 5B was obtained. Then, referring to the calibration curve of FIG. 5 (d) from the amplitude of the output waveform shown in FIG. 5 (b), a plurality of locations in the pipe axis direction of the steel pipe (the respective stops) as shown in FIG. 5 (c). The thinning rate of the peripheral part of the position was obtained.
以上のように、本実施形態においては、埋設管１０の内部を管軸方向に移動する走行部３又はこれと連接された部材に励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを配置し、且つ前記励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを埋設管１０の内周面１０ａに沿うように周方向に回動させるようにした。そして、特に、本実施形態では、励磁装置２ａから例えば５〜４０Ｈｚの周波数の交流磁界を埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側に印加するようにしたので、埋設管１０の外周面１０ｂ側まで磁束を浸透させ渦電流を誘導させるようにした（一般的な鋼管又は鋼板の場合、磁束の浸透深さは印加される交流磁界の周波数が５Ｈｚのとき１１．３８ｍｍで４０Ｈｚのとき４．０２ｍｍであるところ、鋼管の肉厚は大体４〜１１ｍｍ（多くは６ｍｍ前後）であるので、前記印加される交流磁界の周波数が５〜４０Ｈｚであれば鋼管の外周面側まで磁束を浸透させ渦電流を誘導させることができる）。よって、本実施形態によれば、励磁装置２ａにより交流磁界を印加して埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ及び内部に発生した渦電流を埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側から渦流センサ２ｂで検出し、この検出データを解析することにより、例えば地面を掘削して埋設管等の外周面側を露出させることなく、埋設管１０の外周面１０ｂ側の傷又は腐食等による減肉を有効に且つ効率的に測定できるようになった。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the excitation device 2a and the eddy current sensor 2b are disposed on the traveling unit 3 that moves in the tube axis direction inside the embedded tube 10 or a member that is connected thereto, and the excitation device 2a. The eddy current sensor 2b is rotated in the circumferential direction along the inner peripheral surface 10a of the buried pipe 10. In particular, in the present embodiment, an AC magnetic field having a frequency of, for example, 5 to 40 Hz is applied from the excitation device 2a to the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the embedded tube 10, so that the magnetic flux extends to the outer peripheral surface 10b side of the embedded tube 10. (In the case of a general steel pipe or steel plate, the penetration depth of the magnetic flux is 11.38 mm when the frequency of the applied AC magnetic field is 5 Hz and 4.02 mm when the frequency is 40 Hz. However, since the thickness of the steel pipe is about 4 to 11 mm (mostly around 6 mm), if the frequency of the applied AC magnetic field is 5 to 40 Hz, the magnetic flux penetrates to the outer peripheral surface side of the steel pipe to induce eddy current. Can be made). Therefore, according to this embodiment, an eddy current sensor 2b detects an eddy current generated in the inner peripheral surface 10a of the embedded tube 10 and the inner peripheral surface 10a of the embedded tube 10 by applying an alternating magnetic field by the excitation device 2a. By analyzing this detection data, for example, without digging the ground and exposing the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like, it is possible to effectively reduce the thickness due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface 10b side of the buried pipe 10 and It became possible to measure efficiently.
また、本実施形態においては、前記走行部３に計３個の励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを埋設管１０内の周方向に沿うように互いに等間隔に（１２０度だけ離れるように）配置しておき、前記走行部３は所定ピッチ毎に移動と停止を自動的に繰り返すようにし、前記走行部３が停止する毎に、前記回動用モーター（回動部）が励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを１２０度ずつ回動させるようにした。よって、本実施形態によるときは、交流磁界の印加とこれにより発生する渦電流の検出を、埋設管１０の全体に渡って自動的且つ効率的に行えるようになる。 Further, in the present embodiment, a total of three excitation devices 2a and eddy current sensors 2b are arranged on the traveling unit 3 at regular intervals along the circumferential direction in the embedded pipe 10 (so as to be separated by 120 degrees). The travel unit 3 automatically repeats movement and stop at every predetermined pitch, and each time the travel unit 3 stops, the rotation motor (rotation unit) is turned on by the excitation device 2a and the eddy current sensor 2b. Was rotated 120 degrees at a time. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, application of an alternating magnetic field and detection of eddy currents generated thereby can be performed automatically and efficiently over the entire buried tube 10.
また、本実施形態においては、前記走行部３に配置された励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂを常時スプリングにより埋設管１０の内周面１０ａ側に付勢・押圧するようにしたので、励磁装置２ａ及び渦流センサ２ｂと埋設管１０の内周面（内壁面）１０ａとの間のギャップを常に一定に保持して検出データ中の電磁ノイズを低減させることができる。 In the present embodiment, the excitation device 2a and the eddy current sensor 2b arranged in the traveling unit 3 are always urged and pressed toward the inner peripheral surface 10a side of the embedded pipe 10 by the spring. And the gap between the eddy current sensor 2b and the inner peripheral surface (inner wall surface) 10a of the buried pipe 10 can always be kept constant to reduce electromagnetic noise in the detection data.
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は前記実施形態として述べたものに限定されるものではなく、様々な修正及び変更が可能である。例えば、前記実施形態においては、埋設管（例えば道路や河川を地中で横断する金属製配管）の内周面側から交流磁界を励磁して外周面側の傷その他の減肉部又は肉厚を検出・測定する装置（地面を掘削して埋設管等の外周面側を露出させることなく上記減肉部又は肉厚を測定する装置）について説明したが、本発明はこれに限られるものではなく、例えば海底に敷設される海底管、湖底に敷設される湖底管などの水底管の内周面側から交流磁界を励磁して外周面側の傷その他の減肉部又は肉厚を検出・測定する装置（海底や湖底などの水底中に潜ることなく上記減肉部又は肉厚を測定する装置）にも適用できることはもちろんである。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications and changes can be made. For example, in the embodiment described above, an AC magnetic field is excited from the inner peripheral surface side of a buried pipe (for example, a metal pipe traversing a road or a river in the ground), and scratches or other thinned portions or thicknesses on the outer peripheral surface side. The device for detecting and measuring the above (the device for measuring the thinned portion or the thickness without exposing the outer peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like by excavating the ground) has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an AC magnetic field is excited from the inner peripheral surface side of a water bottom tube such as a sea bottom tube laid on the seabed or a lake bottom tube laid on a lake bottom to detect scratches or other thinned parts or thickness on the outer surface. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to a device for measuring (a device for measuring the above-mentioned thinned portion or wall thickness without diving in the bottom of the sea such as the seabed or lake bottom).
１ 磁気飽和型渦流探傷装置
２ 測定部
２ａ 励磁装置
２ｂ 渦流センサ
３ 走行部
３ａ 走行用車輪
４ 電装ピグ
４ａ 信号処理装置
４ｂ 記憶装置
５ 連結バー
１０ 埋設管
１０ａ 内周面
１０ｂ 外周面
１０ｃ 減肉部
２１ ヨークコイル
２２ Ｕ字コアプローブ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Magnetic saturation type eddy current flaw detector 2 Measuring part 2a Excitation apparatus 2b Eddy current sensor 3 Traveling part 3a Traveling wheel 4 Electric pig 4a Signal processing unit 4b Storage device 5 Connection bar 10 Embedded pipe 10a Inner peripheral surface 10b Outer peripheral surface 10c Thinning part 21 Yoke coil 22 U-shaped core probe
Claims (2)
前記３個の渦電流発生検出部、前記３個の渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の周方向に回動させる回動部、及び前記３個の渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の内周面側に付勢又は押圧するスプリングにより、前記移動部が停止しているとき、前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部をそれぞれ１２０度だけ周方向に回動させ、当該回動しているときの前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の内周面側へ付勢又は押圧して、前記回動中の３個の各渦電流発生検出部と埋設管等の内周面側との間のギャップを常に一定に保持させる回動ステップと、
を含み、前記移動部が埋設管等の管軸方向に所定ピッチで移動して停止する度に、前記回動部が前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を１２０度だけ回動させることにより、前記交流磁界発生部による埋設管等への交流磁界の印加とこれにより埋設管等に発生する渦電流の検出とが、埋設管等の前記停止位置及びその周辺における周方向の全体に渡って行われるようにしたことを特徴とする埋設管等の外面減肉測定方法。 Three eddy current generation detection units arranged in the moving unit or a member connected to the moving unit by a moving unit that moves in the tube axis direction inside the buried tube, etc. (Hereinafter referred to as “buried pipe, etc.”) AC magnetic field generator applied to the buried pipe, etc. from the inner peripheral surface side, and eddy current generated in the buried pipe, etc. by the AC magnetic field applied by the AC magnetic field generator, etc. Eddy current sensors that detect from the inner peripheral surface side of each of the three eddy current generation detections arranged at equal intervals so as to be along the inner peripheral direction of the buried pipe or the like and separated from each other by 120 degrees A movement stop step that alternately repeats movement and stop at a predetermined pitch, and
The three eddy current generation detection units, a rotation unit that rotates the three eddy current generation detection units in the circumferential direction of the buried pipe, etc., and the three eddy current generation detection units within the buried pipe etc. When the moving unit is stopped by a spring that is biased or pressed toward the circumferential surface side, the three eddy current generation detecting units are rotated in the circumferential direction by 120 degrees, respectively. When the three eddy current generation detection parts are urged or pressed toward the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like, the three eddy current generation detection parts in rotation and the inner circumference of the buried pipe or the like A rotation step that always keeps the gap between the surface side constant,
Each time the moving part stops at a predetermined pitch in the axial direction of the buried pipe or the like, the rotating part rotates the three eddy current generation detecting parts by 120 degrees. The application of the AC magnetic field to the buried pipe or the like by the AC magnetic field generation unit and the detection of the eddy current generated in the buried pipe or the like thereby are performed throughout the circumferential position at the stop position of the buried pipe or the like and the periphery thereof. A method for measuring thinning of an outer surface of a buried pipe or the like characterized by being performed.
埋設管等の内部を管軸方向に移動する移動部であって所定ピッチでの移動と停止を交互に繰り返す移動部と、
前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置された３個の渦電流発生検出部であって、交流磁界を埋設管等の内周面側から埋設管等に印加する交流磁界発生部と前記交流磁界発生部により印加された交流磁界により埋設管等に発生する渦電流を埋設管等の内周面側から検出する渦流センサとをそれぞれ含み、埋設管等の内周方向に沿うように且つ互いが１２０度だけ離れるように互いに等間隔で配置されている３個の渦電流発生検出部と、
前記移動部又はこれと連結された部材に配置され、前記移動部が停止しているとき前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部をそれぞれ１２０度だけ周方向に回動させる回動部と、
前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部が前記回動部により回動しているとき、当該回動中の前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を埋設管等の内周面側へ付勢又は押圧して前記回動中の３個の各渦電流発生検出部と埋設管等の内周面側との間のギャップを常に一定に保持させるスプリングと、
を備え、前記移動部が埋設管等の管軸方向に所定ピッチで移動して停止する度に、前記回動部が前記３個の各渦電流発生検出部を１２０度だけ回動させることにより、前記交流磁界発生部による埋設管等への交流磁界の印加とこれにより埋設管等に発生する渦電流の検出とが、埋設管等の前記停止位置及びその周辺における周方向の全体に渡って行われるようにしたことを特徴とする埋設管等の外面減肉測定装置。
An apparatus for measuring thinning of an outer surface of a buried pipe or the like for measuring thinning due to scratches or corrosion on the outer peripheral surface side of a buried pipe or a bottom pipe (hereinafter referred to as "buried pipe etc."),
A moving part that moves in the pipe axis direction inside the buried pipe and the like, and a moving part that alternately repeats moving and stopping at a predetermined pitch; and
The three eddy current generation detection units arranged in the moving unit or a member connected thereto, wherein the AC magnetic field generation unit applies an AC magnetic field to the embedded tube or the like from the inner peripheral surface side of the embedded tube or the like, and An eddy current sensor that detects an eddy current generated in an embedded pipe or the like by an AC magnetic field applied by an AC magnetic field generating unit from the inner peripheral surface side of the embedded pipe or the like, and along the inner peripheral direction of the embedded pipe or the like and Three eddy current generation detectors arranged at equal intervals so as to be separated from each other by 120 degrees;
A rotating part that is arranged on the moving part or a member connected to the moving part and rotates the three eddy current generation detecting parts in the circumferential direction by 120 degrees when the moving part is stopped;
When the three eddy current generation detection units are rotated by the rotation unit, the three eddy current generation detection units during the rotation are biased toward the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe or the like. Or a spring that holds the gap between each of the three eddy current generation detectors that are rotating by pressing and the inner peripheral surface side of the buried pipe, etc., at all times,
Each time the moving unit stops at a predetermined pitch in the axial direction of the buried pipe or the like, the rotating unit rotates the three eddy current generation detecting units by 120 degrees. The application of the AC magnetic field to the buried pipe or the like by the AC magnetic field generation unit and the detection of the eddy current generated in the buried pipe or the like thereby are performed throughout the circumferential position at the stop position of the buried pipe or the like and the periphery thereof. An apparatus for measuring thinning of an outer surface of an embedded pipe or the like characterized by being performed.
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| US4855677A (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-08-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Multiple coil eddy current probe and method of flaw detection |
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