JP6446478B2 - 併用療法 - Google Patents
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- JP6446478B2 JP6446478B2 JP2016575352A JP2016575352A JP6446478B2 JP 6446478 B2 JP6446478 B2 JP 6446478B2 JP 2016575352 A JP2016575352 A JP 2016575352A JP 2016575352 A JP2016575352 A JP 2016575352A JP 6446478 B2 JP6446478 B2 JP 6446478B2
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Description
次の実施例および試験は本発明をさらに説明するものであり、決して本発明の範囲を限定する意味で解釈されるべきではない。ベクターおよびプラスミドの構築、このようなベクターおよびプラスミドへのポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子の挿入、宿主細胞へのプラスミドの導入、ならびにその遺伝子および遺伝子産物の発現および決定において用いられる方法、等の従来の方法の詳細な記載は、Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989) およびColigan, J. et al. Current Protocols in Immunology, Wiley & Sons, Incorporated (2007) 等の数多くの出版物から得ることが出来る。
各抗体(米国特許第8,128,929号および第8,574,578号)において、PCRクローニング等の適した方法により、適した重鎖ヌクレオチド配列、例えばオララツマブに対して配列番号11、を適した発現プラスミドに導入し、適した軽鎖ヌクレオチド配列、例えばオララツマブに対して配列番号12、を適した発現プラスミドに導入する。安定な細胞株を確立するため、NSOまたはCHO細胞等の適した宿主細胞株に、直鎖化した重鎖および軽鎖プラスミドをトランスフェクトし、透析ウシ胎児血清およびグルタミン合成酵素サプリメントを含むグルタミン不含ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地等の適した培地中で培養を行う。酵素結合免疫吸着法(ELISA)によって抗体を発現するクローンをスクリーニングし、最も生産力の高いクローンをスピナーフラスコで培養する。プロテインAアフィニティークロマトグラフィー等の適した方法で抗体を精製する。
研究設計:
本研究は非盲検の、多施設の第2相試験であり、手術または放射線による治療が不可能な進行STSの患者が、オララツマブとドキソルビシンの組み合わせ、またはドキソルビシン単独で治療を受けるものである。
全ての適格規準に適合する登録患者を、無作為にA群またはB群という2つの治療群に1:1で振り分ける。A群の患者はオララツマブとドキソルビシンの組み合わせを投与され(以後、「併用群」)、B群の患者はドキソルビシンのみを投与される(以後、「ドキソルビシン群」)。本研究の無作為化はあらかじめ定義された4つのリスク因子を用いた動的割付けアルゴリズムによって行う:PDGFRα発現(陽性か、または陰性か)、これまでの治療ラインの数(0か、または1以上か)、腫瘍の組織型(すなわち、平滑筋肉腫か、滑膜肉腫か、または他の腫瘍型か)、およびECOGパフォーマンスステータス(0〜1か、または2か)。この動的割り付け手順は治療群間のアンバランスを最小限にするために使用される。腫瘍型およびPDGFRα発現を患者において決定するにあたっては、生検または以前に保管された腫瘍組織試料、いずれかからの腫瘍試料があれば十分である。生研は無作為化の21日前以降に行う必要がある。保管された組織試料もこの時間枠内で利用可能である必要がある。
先に定義された研究基準の通り、本研究は、OSに対する最終的な分析が行われる(最後の患者が研究薬剤の最初の投与により治療を受けた後の24ヶ月[2年]間までの生存データを含む)時点で完了とみなされる。この時点以後、研究治療で利益を得た患者は任意に研究完了後の研究治療を受け続けてもよい。この治療延長は個別の基準で決定される。
ドキソルビシン群でPD後にオララツマブ単独療法にクロスオーバーした患者では、クロスオーバー後の期間についてOS以外の全ての有効性エンドポイントを別々にまとめる。
PFSは無作為化の時点から客観的な進行が最初にX線撮影で記録されるまで、または任意の理由による死までの時間と定義される。事前に進行が報告されずに死亡した患者は、その患者の死亡日に進行が起こったとみなす。進行の無い患者、または追跡不能となった患者は、その患者の最後のX線撮影による腫瘍評価の日付で打ち切りとする。ベースラインまたはベースライン後のX線評価が利用できない場合、その患者については無作為化の日付で打ち切りとする。X線撮影来院を2回以上続けて行わなかった後に死またはPDが発生した場合、その行わなかった来院の前の最後のX線撮影来院の日付で打ち切りが発生する。PD発生の前に新規抗癌治療を利用した場合、新規治療の開始前の最後のX線撮影の日付で打ち切りとなる。
補助的有効性エンドポイントとしては、OS、客観的反応率(「ORR」)、ならびに腫瘍PDGFRα発現とPFSおよびORR等の臨床結果との間の関連性などが挙げられる。該補助的エンドポイントの分析は層別因子に対して調整されてよい。
オララツマブ療法にクロスオーバーしたドキソルビシン群の患者については、最良の全体反応はオララツマブ療法の開始前と開始後に対して別々に評価される。
PFS:併用群およびドキソルビシン群の中間分析(表2)では、29.9週(90%CI=23.7,36.0)(95%CI=22.3,36.7)および17.9週(90%CI=12.7,23.3)(95%CI=12.1,23.4)の中央PFSがそれぞれ示された。この中間分析の層別HRは0.597(90%CI=0.415,0.858)であり、層別ログランクp値はp=0.0184であった。
主要分析からの最終結果により、中間分析で見られた傾向が実質的に確認された。
SKLMS−1平滑筋肉腫異種移植モデル
6〜7週齢のメスnu/nu無胸腺マウスの各個体に、50% Matrigel(BD Biosciences #356235)内の5×106個のSKLMS−1(ATCC #HBT-88)細胞を注入する。腫瘍の体積が約300mm3になった時点で、マウスを4つの治療群(n=12)に腫瘍体積によって無作為に振り分ける。第1群対照マウスにはUSP生理食塩水(Aldwin Scientific #2F7124)を10μL/グラムで投与し、第2群マウスにはオララツマブを60mg/kg(負荷投与量214mg/kg)で投与し、第3群マウスにはドキソルビシン(Sigma #D-1515)を3mg/kgで投与し、第4群マウスにはオララツマブとドキソルビシンの組み合わせを、単独療法濃度60mg/kgのオララツマブおよび3mg/kgのドキソルビシンで投与する。上記組み合わせの投与は、治療日においてドキソルビシンの1〜2時間前にオララツマブが投与されるように行う。全ての処置は、火曜日および金曜日、週2回の腹腔内注射による投与で行う。
6〜7週齢のメスnu/nu無胸腺マウスの各個体に、50% Matrigel(BD Biosciences #356235)内の1×106個のKHOS/NP(ATCC #CRL-1544)細胞を注入する。腫瘍の体積が約450mm3になった時点で、マウスを4つの治療群(n=12)に腫瘍体積によって無作為に振り分ける。第1群対照マウスにはUSP生理食塩水(Aldwin Scientific #2F7124)を10μL/グラムで投与し、第2群マウスにはオララツマブを60mg/kg(負荷投与量214mg/kg)で投与し、第3群マウスにはドキソルビシン(Sigma #D-1515)を3mg/kgで投与し、第4群マウスにはオララツマブとドキソルビシンの組み合わせを、単独療法濃度60mg/kgのオララツマブおよび3mg/kgのドキソルビシンで投与する。上記組み合わせは、治療日においてオララツマブの3時間前にドキソルビシンが投与されるように行う。全ての処置は、月曜日および木曜日、週2回の腹腔内注射による投与で行う。
A204モデルは元々RMSとして分類されていたが、その後、ラブドイドと決定されることが多くなった。Hinson, Ashley R. P. et al. Frontiers in Oncology 3 (2013): 183. PMC. Web. 8 May 2015。ラブドイド腫瘍は起源が未知であり、稀である。現在、悪性ラブドイド腫瘍は腎臓起源であると信じられているが、厳密にどの細胞起源かは未知のままである。
本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
[1]
軟部肉腫を有する患者を治療する方法であって、該方法を必要とする患者にオララツマブおよびドキソルビシンを投与することを含む方法。
[2]
前記オララツマブが約15mg/kgの投与量で投与される、[1]記載の方法。
[3]
前記ドキソルビシンが約60mg/m 2 または約75mg/m 2 の投与量で投与される、[1]記載の方法。
[4]
前記ドキソルビシンが約75mg/m 2 の投与量で投与される、[3]記載の方法。
[5]
前記ドキソルビシンが投与されるよりも前に前記オララツマブが投与される、[1]記載の方法。
[6]
前記軟部肉腫が平滑筋肉腫である、[1]記載の方法。
[7]
オララツマブおよびドキソルビシンを含むキットであって、ここで前記オララツマブおよび前記ドキソルビシンは同時に、別々に、または順次投与されるものである、キット。
[8]
オララツマブ、ならびに薬理学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、および賦形剤のうち1種または複数種、を含む医薬組成物と、ドキソルビシン、ならびに薬理学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、および賦形剤のうち1種または複数種、を含む医薬組成物と、を含んだキットであって、ここで前記オララツマブおよび前記ドキソルビシンは同時に、別々に、または順次投与されるものである、キット。
[9]
オララツマブ、ならびに薬理学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、および賦形剤のうち1種または複数種、を含む医薬組成物の、薬理学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、および賦形剤のうち1種または複数種を含むドキソルビシンの医薬組成物との組み合わせであって、ここで前記オララツマブおよび前記ドキソルビシンは、軟部肉腫の治療における使用のために同時に、別々に、または順次投与されるものである、医薬組成物。
[10]
軟部肉腫の治療のための医薬の製造におけるオララツマブの使用であって、ここで前記医薬はドキソルビシンと同時に、別々に、または順次投与されるものである、オララツマブの使用。
[11]
軟部肉腫の治療において同時に、別々に、または順次使用するのための、オララツマブとドキソルビシンの組み合わせ。
[12]
軟部肉腫の治療における、ドキソルビシンと組み合わせて同時に、別々に、または順次使用するための、オララツマブ。
[13]
前記オララツマブが約15mg/kgの投与量で投与される、[9]記載の医薬組成物、[10]記載の使用、[11]記載の使用のための組み合わせ、または[12]記載の使用のためのオララツマブ。
[14]
前記ドキソルビシンがが約60mg/m 2 または約75mg/m 2 の投与量で投与される、[9]記載の医薬組成物、[10]記載の使用、[11]記載の使用のための組み合わせ、または[12]記載の使用のためのオララツマブ。
[15]
前記ドキソルビシンが約75mg/m 2 の投与量で投与される、[9]記載の医薬組成物、[10]記載の使用、[11]記載の使用のための組み合わせ、または[12]記載の使用のためのオララツマブ。
[16]
前記ドキソルビシンが投与されるよりも前に前記オララツマブが投与される、[9]記載の医薬組成物、[[10]記載の使用、[11]記載の使用のための組み合わせ、または[12]記載の使用のためのオララツマブ。
[17]
前記軟部肉腫が平滑筋肉腫である、[9]記載の医薬組成物、[[10]記載の使用、[11]記載の使用のための組み合わせ、または[12]記載の使用のためのオララツマブ。
配列番号11
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配列番号12
atgggatggtcatgtatcatcctttttctagtagcaactgcaactggagtacattcagaaattgtgttgacacagtctccagccaccctgtctttgtctccaggggaaagagccaccctctcctgcagggccagtcagagtgttagcagctacttagcctggtaccaacagaaacctggccaggctcccaggctcctcatctatgatgcatccaacagggccactggcatcccagccaggttcagtggcagtgggtctgggacagacttcactctcaccatcagcagcctagagcctgaagattttgcagtttattactgtcagcagcgtagcaactggcctccggcgttcggccaagggaccaaggtggaaatcaaacgtacggtggctgcaccatctgtcttcatcttcccgccatctgatgagcagttgaaatctggaactgcctctgttgtgtgcctgctgaataacttctatcccagagaggccaaagtacagtggaaggtggataacgccctccaatcgggtaactcccaggagagtgtcacagagcaggacagcaaggacagcacctacagcctcagcagcaccctgacgctgagcaaagcagactacgagaaacacaaagtctacgcctgcgaagtcacccatcagggcctgagctcgcccgtcacaaagagcttcaacaggggagagtgttag
Claims (13)
- オララツマブ、ならびに薬理学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、および賦形剤のうち1種または複数種を含む軟部肉腫の治療のための医薬組成物であって、
前記医薬組成物は、ドキソルビシンおよびデクスラゾキサンと組み合わせて用いるための医薬組成物であり、
前記デクスラゾキサンは、前記オララツマブが投与された後、前記ドキソルビシンが投与される前に患者に投与されるものである、医薬組成物。 - 前記オララツマブが約15mg/kgの投与量で投与される、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ドキソルビシンが約60mg/m2または約75mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ドキソルビシンが約75mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項3記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記オララツマブが約15mg/kgの投与量で投与され、前記ドキソルビシンが約75mg/m2の投与量で投与され、前記デクスラゾキサンが約750mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記軟部肉腫が平滑筋肉腫である、請求項5記載の医薬組成物。
- オララツマブを含む軟部肉腫の治療のための医薬であって、
前記治療がオララツマブを軟部肉腫を有している患者に投与する工程;
前記オララツマブを投与する工程の後に、前記患者にデクスラゾキサンを投与する工程;および
前記デクスラゾキサンを投与する工程の後に、ドキソルビシンを前記患者に投与する工程;
を含む、医薬。 - オララツマブを含む軟部肉腫の治療のための医薬であって、
前記治療がオララツマブを軟部肉腫を有している患者に投与する工程;および
ドキソルビシンを前記患者に投与する工程を含み、
前記患者へのドキソルビシンの4回目の投与後、前記患者にデクスラゾキサンを投与し、前記デクスラゾキサンはオララツマブを前記患者に投与した後、ドキソルビシンを前記患者に投与する前に投与される、
医薬。 - 前記オララツマブが約15mg/kgの投与量で投与される、請求項7または8に記載の医薬。
- 前記ドキソルビシンが約60mg/m2または約75mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項7または8に記載の医薬。
- 前記ドキソルビシンが約75mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項10記載の医薬。
- 前記オララツマブが約15mg/kgの投与量で投与され、前記ドキソルビシンが約75mg/m2の投与量で投与され、前記デクスラゾキサンが約750mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項7または8に記載の医薬。
- 前記軟部肉腫が平滑筋肉腫である、請求項7または8に記載の医薬。
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AU2015284526A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
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AP2016009649A0 (en) | 2016-12-31 |
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