JP6446067B2 - 表面外胚葉系細胞から誘導された角膜上皮様細胞 - Google Patents
表面外胚葉系細胞から誘導された角膜上皮様細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は,日本特許出願2015−004389(2015年1月13日出願)に基づく優先権を主張しており、この内容は本明細書に参照として取り込まれる。
本発明は表面外胚葉由来の細胞からケラチン12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞を誘導する方法に関する。より詳細には、口腔粘膜上皮細胞等の表面外胚葉由来の細胞にPAX6、KLF4、及びOCT4を導入することにより、K12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞を誘導する方法及び前記方法で誘導された角膜上皮様細胞に関する。
(1)表面外胚葉由来の細胞にPAX6、KLF4、及びOCT4を導入することにより、ケラチン12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞を誘導することを特徴とする、角膜上皮細胞の製造方法;
(2)多能性細胞の状態を介することなく角膜上皮様細胞が誘導される、上記(1)に記載の方法;
(3)表面外胚葉由来の細胞が口腔粘膜上皮細胞である、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の方法;
(4)角膜上皮様細胞がさらにケラチン3陽性である、上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の方法;
(5)2つのPAX6アイソフォームPa及びPbの両方を導入する、上記(4)に記載の方法;
(6)PAX6、KLF4、及びOCT4を1つのウイルスベクターで導入する、上記(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の方法;
(7)上記(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載の方法で角膜上皮様細胞を製造し、前記細胞を重層化することを特徴とする、角膜上皮様細胞シートの製造方法;
(8)表面外胚葉由来の細胞から直接誘導されたケラチン12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞。
(9)さらにケラチン3陽性である、上記(8)に記載の角膜上皮様細胞;
(10)表面外胚葉由来の細胞が口腔粘膜上皮細胞である、上記(8)又は(9)に記載の角膜上皮様細胞;
(11)表面外胚葉由来の細胞にPAX6、KLF4、及びOCT4を導入して得られる、上記(10)に記載の角膜上皮様細胞;
(12)上記(8)〜(11)のいずれかに記載の細胞を重層してなる角膜上皮様細胞シート。
表面外胚葉由来の細胞:
ヒトの胚は、発生の段階で3つの胚葉、すなわち内胚葉、中胚葉、外胚葉を形成する。内胚葉は、胃や小腸の粘膜上皮、肝臓、膵臓等に、中胚葉は筋肉、骨、血管や血液、皮下組織、心臓、腎臓等になる、外胚葉は神経、目(角膜上皮)、表皮等を形成する。外胚葉はさらに脳や神経組織となる神経外胚葉、主に皮膚の表面の上皮組織となる表面外胚葉に分かれ、後者を「表面外胚葉由来の細胞」と称する。
「表面外胚葉由来の細胞」としては、表皮、口腔粘膜上皮、角膜上皮などの体表を覆っている重層上皮細胞が挙げられる。特に、口腔粘膜上皮は機能的にも角膜上皮に近く、取得も容易であることから、角膜上皮様細胞誘導のソースとして好ましい。
「PAX6(Paired box protein)」 は、胚発生期に発現する転写因子で、aniridia type II protein (AN2) あるいは oculorhombin とも称される。PAX6は眼と脳の発生における重要な制御遺伝子であり、PAX6にコードされるタンパクはDNAに結合し遺伝子転写のレギュレータとして機能する2つの異なる結合部位を有する。PAX6の変異は眼の様々な異常を引き起こすことが知られている。「PAX6」には、2つのアイソフォームPaとPbが存在する。DNA結合部位のうちPAIRED domainの中に5a sequenceが含まれないものがPaで、含まれるものがPbである。
「KLF4(Kruppel-like factor 4)」はKLF転写因子ファミリーのメンバーであり、増殖、分化、アポトーシス、体細胞リプログラミンを制御する。
「OCT4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4)」は、POU(Pit-Oct-Unc)ドメインを有する転写因子で、初期胚発生やES細胞の多能性維持に重要な役割を果たす。OCT4は、エピゲノム状態を変化させ、未分化胚性幹細胞の自己複製に密接に関与するため、未分化マーカー(多能性マーカー)として利用されている。また、生殖細胞の癌化に対するマーカーとしても用いられている。
角膜は、表面から、角膜上皮層、角膜実質層、角膜内皮層の3層構造をしている。角膜上皮細胞は、この角膜の一番外側の層を構成する細胞で、4〜5層の角膜上皮細胞層から構成されている。角膜上皮細胞は表皮外胚葉に由来するが、角膜の実質と内皮は神経堤由来であり、それぞれ個別の幹細胞が存在すると考えられている。本発明にかかる「角膜上皮様細胞」は、この角膜上皮細胞に似た機能と特性を有する細胞で、角膜上皮分化マーカーであるケラチン12の発現によって特徴づけられる。
ケラチン12(Cytokeratin 12:K12)及びケラチン3(Cytokeratin 3:K3)は、いずれも角膜上皮細胞特異的マーカーである。
本発明では細胞のヒト細胞の多能性の指標となる遺伝子・タンパクである。多能性(幹細胞)マーカーとしては、OCT4(前掲)、NANOG、TRA-1-60、SSEA-4を挙げることができる。
NANOGは内部細胞塊やES細胞の増殖、自己複製に関与する転写調節因子である。ES細胞の胚体外内胚葉や栄養外胚葉への分化を抑制し、多能性を維持する。また、NANOGはSMAD1に作用し、SMAD1の転写を活性化するコアクチベーターの結合を阻害することにより、BMPシグナルによるES細胞の中胚葉分化を阻止すると考えられている。
抗TRA-1-60抗体は、ヒトEC細胞、EG細胞、ES細胞、iPS細胞の表面に発現する抗原を認識する。
SSEA-4(stage specific embryonic antigen 4)は細胞表面に局在するスフィンゴ糖脂質の一種である。ヒトではEC細胞、EG細胞及びES細胞でSSEA-4の発現が認められるが、分化とともにその発現は低下し、代わりにSSEA-1の発現が上昇する。このため、SSEA-4はヒトの多能性(幹細胞)マーカーとして用いられる。
本発明では、表面外胚葉由来の細胞にPAX6、OCT4、及びKLF4を導入することで、ケラチン12(K12)陽性の角膜上皮様細胞を誘導する。
本発明は、表面外胚葉由来の細胞から誘導されたK12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞も提供する。前記細胞はさらにK3陽性であることが好ましい。
本発明の方法で得られたK12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞を重層化することにより角膜上皮様細胞シートを作製することができる。本発明はそのような角膜上皮様細胞シートとその製造方法も提供する。
1.材料・方法:
(細胞)
不死化ヒト口腔上皮細胞(OKF6/TERT-1細胞)を用いた。
25μg/mL bovine pituitary extract (BPE), 0.2ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), 0.3mM CaCl2を加えたKeratinocyte-SFM中で5% CO2 37℃で培養した。
PAX6の各アイソフォームPaおよびPb、その変異体、PAX6-OCT4-KLF4を2Aで連結したall-in-one vectorはpLenti7.3/V5-DEST Vector (Life technologies)に挿入した。OCT4およびKLF4はCSV-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Venus plasmid (RIKEN Bio Resource Center)に挿入した。
以下、PAX6の各アイソフォームをPa及びPb、KLF4をK、及びOCT4をOと記載することもある。
pLenti7.3関連ベクターは293FT細胞にViraPower Lentiviral Expression System (Life technologies)を用いて導入、レンチウイルスを産生した。CSV-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Venus plasmid関連ベクターは293T細胞にpCMV-VZV-G-RSV-Rev, pCAG-HIV-gp (RIKEN Bio Resource Center)と共にFuGene HD(Roche)を用いて導入、レンチウイルスを産生した。
これらのレンチウイルスを1.875x104cell/48wellプレートで前日に播種した細胞に感染させ(polybreneも添加)、翌日培地交換、さらに2日間培養した。
RNAをRNeasyPlus Micro Kitで抽出し、SuperScript III First-Strand Synthesis Systemを用いてcDNA化した。cDNAはTaqman Gene Expression Assayにて定量した。
100%冷メタノールもしくは4% paraformaldehydeで固定した培養細胞を5% normal donkey serumで、1時間常温でblockおよびpermeabilizeした。そのうえでヒツジ抗K12抗体、マウス抗K3/76抗体、ウサギ抗NANOG抗体、マウス抗SSEA4抗体、マウス抗TRA-1-60抗体を加え4℃でオーバーナイトでインキュベートした。さらにマウス、ウサギ、ヒツジの2次抗体と共にインキュベートした。最後にHoechst 33342を加えて画像を取得した。
(1)角膜特異的マーカーの発現
リアルタイムPCRの結果、K12はPbOKの組み合わせで、K3はPaOK又はPaKの組み合わせ、若しくはPaで効率よくmRNAの発現を誘導できた(図1)。
免疫染色の結果、mRNAの発現と同様に、K12はPbOKの組み合わせで、K3はPaOKの組み合わせ、若しくはPaにより、蛋白質レベルでもK12及びK3の発現が確認された(図2)。
多能性マーカーであるNANOGの発現をリアルタイムPCR及び免疫染色で確認したところ、single cell levelではわずかにmRNAの上昇が認められ、部分的なreprogrammingの可能性はあるものの、蛋白質レベルではNANOGの発現は見られなかった(図3)。
多能性マーカーであるSSEA4、TRA-1-60の発現を免疫染色で確認したところ、いずれも発現は見られなかった(図4)。
以上より、多能性幹細胞の状態を経由して、K3、12発現が誘導されたわけではないことが確認された。
1.材料・方法
(細胞株)
表面外胚葉系細胞:OKF6/TERT-1, OKF6/TERT-2, N/TERT-1, N/TERT-2, HOK
神経外胚葉:ARPE-19, SH-SY5Y
神経堤:HCEC
中胚葉:HUVEC, NHDF-Ad, 293T
内胚葉:MKN1, HepG2
iPS細胞:201B7
上記した各細胞株に実施例1と同様にして様々な組み合わせでPAX6(Pa,Pb)、KLF4及びOCT4を導入し、得られた細胞におけるK12及びK3の発現をリアルタイムPCRで確認した。
結果を図5にまとめて示す。K12/K3は主に表面外胚葉由来の細胞において効率的に誘導することが可能であったが、内胚葉、中胚葉由来細胞やiPS細胞からはほとんど誘導されなかった。角膜上皮と発生起源が同じ表面外胚葉由来細胞では誘導効率が高かった。
1.方法
All-in-one vectorにより3つの遺伝子(PAX6、OCT4、KLF4)を一つのレンチウイルスベクターにPaOKあるいはPbOKの組み合わせを2A配列で連結し、2種類のベクターを作製した。このベクターを実施例1と同様の方法で口腔粘膜上皮細胞にトランスダクションを行い、電気泳動、リアルタイムPCRと免疫染色でmRNA及び蛋白質の発現を確認した。
電気泳動の結果、各蛋白質が分離して発現していることが確認された。また、リアルタイムPCRと免疫染色の結果から、All-in-one vectorを用いて十分なPAX6、OCT4、KLF4の発現が得られ、また、それによりK12とK3の誘導が可能なことが確認された(図6)。
K12もしくはK3の上流1K〜6Kの配列に分泌型ルシフェラーゼを結合したreporterを各6種作製し、reporterと共に、PaPbOKを様々な組み合わせで口腔粘膜上皮細胞にトランスダクションした。その結果、PaはK3の上流で直接発現を制御することが確認された(図7)。
Claims (8)
- 表面外胚葉由来の細胞にPAX6、KLF4、及びOCT4を導入することにより、ケラチン12陽性の角膜上皮様細胞を誘導することを特徴とする、角膜上皮様細胞の製造方法。
- 多能性細胞の状態を介することなく角膜上皮様細胞が誘導される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 表面外胚葉由来の細胞が口腔粘膜上皮細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- PAX6、KLF4、及びOCT4を1つのウイルスベクターで導入する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- PAX6アイソフォームPaを導入する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 2つのPAX6アイソフォームPa及びPbの両方を導入する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 角膜上皮様細胞がさらにケラチン3陽性である、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法で角膜上皮様細胞を製造し、前記細胞を重層化することを特徴とする、角膜上皮様細胞シートの製造方法。
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