JP6445829B2 - Composting method and composting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a composting technique for using organic waste such as garbage, sludge or agricultural waste as a compost raw material and reusing it as a compost or a soil improvement material.

  Normally, when composting organic waste such as garbage, sludge, or agricultural waste on a large scale as composting material, composting is carried out by stacking composting material relatively high. As a result, the amount of processing per unit area can be increased, and the higher the stack, the higher the compost raw material that has been stacked, the heat is raised to 60 ° C or higher (so-called high-temperature composting) as an example, and pathogens in the compost raw material can be sterilized. This is because the rate of decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms is maximum near 60 ° C. However, compost raw material has a problem that when composting is accelerated at high temperatures, the amount of ammonia generated per unit time is increased by the amount that organic matter is decomposed faster, and the bad odor mainly caused by this ammonia is generated severely. was there.

On the other hand, when compost raw materials are laminated at a relatively low temperature and composting is performed at a room temperature of, for example, about 35 ° C., the decomposition rate of organic substances by microorganisms is about half that of the above high-temperature composting until composting is completed. However, the odor generated during composting can be greatly reduced. For this reason, composting at room temperature is preferable if the main purpose is countermeasures against malodors and effective use of nitrogen components. However, in the case of room temperature composting, pathogenic bacteria that existed in raw garbage, sludge, agricultural waste, etc. are preserved or propagated, and therefore cannot be provided as a safe and secure compost product.
In addition, facilities (facility) that have been composted on a large scale have been built in the suburbs that are relatively far from the urban area, but with the recent suburban housing, people can also live near these facilities. Despite the fact that there are many facilities and that they are aware that there are facilities, complaints from people who came later, the equipment side is most required to take measures against bad odors.
For this reason, a composting method that kills pathogenic bacteria as much as possible is also proposed, based on composting at a low temperature (normal temperature) (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, in this patent document 1, the compost raw material is forcibly heated and sterilized first, so that the energy for forcibly heating is indispensable. The cost was also high.

JP 2003-95775 A

The present invention was made in view of such a background, and when the compost raw material is piled up high, it naturally becomes high temperature, and sterilization is performed using such self-heating, The technical problem is to develop a new composting method and composting device that kills pathogenic bacteria, and then lowers the height of the compost raw material to allow composting at room temperature.
In addition, the expression “disinfect pathogen” or “kill pathogen” in this specification means that the pathogen is killed (disinfect) as much as possible, and does not necessarily eliminate the pathogen completely. (Of course, it is preferable if the pathogen can be completely eliminated by "sterilization" treatment).

First, the composting method according to claim 1 is:
The compost material that is input every day from the input side end of the processing unit that contains the compost material is fed back to the discharge side every day, and the compost material is supplied from the input side of the processing unit toward the discharge side for one day. It is a composting method for laminating so as to be linked to each other, and sequentially proceeding the fermentation of the laminated compost raw material and taking out as a compost product from the fermentation completed on the discharge side of the processing unit,
The compost raw material for at least three days from the input side of the processing section is laminated to a height of 1.8 m or more, and the pathogenic bacteria in the compost raw material are killed by self-heating, and the height of the processing section area on the discharge side is 0. Laminate 3m to 0.6m low, ferment at room temperature to reduce odor generated from compost raw materials,
In addition, when the compost raw material stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more is turned over and transferred to the next discharge side region and reloaded to a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m, the preferable environment is 30 ° C to 40 ° C. It is characterized by being inoculated with composting inoculum.
In addition, when the compost raw material stacked higher than 1.8 m is reloaded to a low value of 0.3 m to 0.6 m, it is automatically performed by using a device such as a belt conveyor described later. You may be able to steer them and reload them.

Further, the composting method according to claim 2 is in addition to the requirement according to claim 1,
When composting the compost raw material laminated to 1.8 m or more in the processing unit and feeding it to the next discharge side region and reloading it to a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m, a suitable environment is 30 ° C to 40 ° C. In addition to inoculating the composting inoculum, the composting material being turned over is forcibly cooled.

The composting method according to claim 3 is in addition to the requirements of claim 1 or 2,
In the region where the composting material is stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more in the processing unit, an exhaust duct is disposed above the processing unit, or a suction pipe is disposed on the floor surface, so that the composting material being fermented It is characterized by exhausting or sucking and collecting the bad odor discharged from the.

The composting apparatus according to claim 4 is:
At least a left and right side walls, a processing unit for storing compost raw material formed therebetween, a scraping device that moves in the longitudinal direction of the processing unit along the left and right side walls, and a composting inoculum spraying device. A composting device comprising:
The scraping device is configured to rotatably support a belt conveyor that cuts back compost raw materials stacked in the processing unit while being scraped in the height direction and forwards them to the discharge side.
In addition, the scraping apparatus is configured to stack the compost raw material that is input for one day at a height of 1.8 m or more in an area that accommodates at least several days of compost raw material from the input side end of the processing unit. In the region on the more discharge side, the compost raw material that is input as one day is configured so that the forward feed width to the discharge side can be changed so as to be stacked at a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m,
In addition, when the scraping device moves from a stacking region having a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m to a stacking region having a height of 1.8 m or more, a high speed for one day is combined with a reduction in traveling speed. The change of the forward feed width is completed in the stacking area of 1.8 m or more, and the composting inoculum spraying device is driven only in the meantime,
Further, the scraping device that reaches the input side end of the processing unit is moved to the discharge side end of the processing unit after retracting the belt conveyor so as not to interfere with the compost raw material stored in the processing unit. It is characterized by this.

Further, the composting apparatus according to claim 5 is in addition to the requirements of claim 4,
In changing the forward feed width to the discharge side of the scraping device, the inclination angle of the belt conveyor is changed.

Further, the composting apparatus according to claim 6 is in addition to the requirements of claim 4,
In changing the forward feed width to the discharge side of the scraping device, the axial support position of the belt conveyor is changed in conjunction with the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.

First, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the compost raw material is piled up to 1.8 m or more at the beginning of charging into the processing section, and the compost raw material is sterilized by self-heating. Since it is reduced to .6 m for room temperature composting, it is possible to prevent infection with pathogenic bacteria, which was a drawback of room temperature composting, while suppressing the generation of odor.
In addition, since the sterilization process is performed by self-heating of the compost raw material and is not a forced heating process or the like, energy for this purpose is not particularly required, and thorough energy saving (so-called energy saving and ecology) can be achieved.
In addition, when the compost raw material is transshipped from the initial high lamination state to the low lamination state, bacteria that promote the room temperature composting are inoculated, so that the sterilized compost raw material is less likely to be reinfected with pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, subsequent room temperature composting is further promoted, and a desired compost product can be obtained with certainty.
The initial stacking height of compost raw material of 1.8 m or more is a numerical value that places importance on sterilization treatment. In other words, if the emphasis is on sterilization, the higher the compost raw material stacking height, the better the sterilizing effect. Since the passage of (oxygen) becomes worse, it becomes anaerobic and is not so preferable as a growth environment for microorganisms (fungi) that bear self-heating. Therefore, in reality, it is about 1.8 m.
In addition, 3 days of the fermentation holding period is usually a numerical value that the target sterilization temperature is sufficiently increased if about 3 days, but it takes 3 days or more in consideration of the fact that it takes more days in severe cold regions. It was.

  Moreover, according to invention of Claim 2, in order to forcibly cool the compost raw material which is turning back together with inoculation inoculation at the time of transshipment which lowers the stacking height of the compost raw material, the composting inoculum having a suitable environment of 30 ° C. to 40 ° C. The growth environment can be improved, and the subsequent room temperature composting can be further promoted.

  Further, according to the invention of claim 3, in order to exhaust or suck and collect the bad odor discharged from the compost raw material by providing the exhaust duct and the suction pipe in the high lamination region where the compost raw material is stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more. Odor inevitably generated in high temperature composting can be suppressed.

According to the invention of claim 4, the compost raw material is initially piled at a height of 1.8 m or higher, and the raw material is sterilized by self-heating to a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m. In order to achieve low temperature composting by transshipment at a low level, it is possible to obtain a composting device that prevents infection with pathogenic bacteria, which is a drawback of normal temperature composting, while suppressing the generation of odor.
In addition, since the sterilization process is performed by self-heating of the compost raw material and is not a forced heating process, it is possible to achieve thorough energy saving (so-called energy saving and ecology) without requiring energy for this purpose. .
Moreover, when the high lamination area | region and low lamination area | region of a compost raw material are continuously arranged in the longitudinal direction of one process part, the continuous process of composting can be performed and a compost product can be obtained efficiently. That is, while the compost raw material is being input from the input side of one processing unit, the compost product can be taken out without interruption on the discharge side, and composting can be efficiently promoted.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the belt conveyor of the scraping device is configured so that the inclination angle of the transport surface can be adjusted, so that the stacking height can be lowered while scraping the compost raw material.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, the belt conveyor of the scraping device is changed in conjunction with the longitudinal and lateral directions of the belt conveyor in order to change the stacking height while scraping the compost raw material. Can be lowered.

1 is a perspective view (a) showing a part of a composting apparatus for carrying out the composting method of the present invention, and a skeletal perspective view (b) mainly showing an example of a scraping device constituting the composting apparatus. ). Explanatory drawing (a), (a '), (b) showing how the compost raw material accommodated (stored) in the nth region is transported to the discharge area and taken out of the device by the sequential feeding action of the scraping device. It is a side view (c) which shows an example of a scraping device skeleton. It is explanatory drawing (a)-(c) which shows a mode that the compost raw material accommodated in the low lamination | stacking area | region was fed in the low lamination | stacking state as it is by the progressive action of a scraping apparatus, and also the 3rd area | region (high It is explanatory drawing (d) * (e) which shows a mode that the compost raw material accommodated in the lamination | stacking area | region was reloaded to low height. It is explanatory drawing (f) * (g) which shows a mode that the compost raw material stored in the high lamination | stacking area | region was fed in the high lamination | stacking state as it is by the progressive action of a scraping apparatus, and also in the input side edge part of a 1st area | region. It is explanatory drawing (h) which shows a mode that the scraping apparatus which arrived is returned to the discharge side edge part (discharge area) of nth area | region, and shows a mode that new compost raw material is thrown into the 1st area | region which became empty. It is explanatory drawing (i). It is the side view (a) which shows the principal part (belt conveyor) of the scraping device which changed the axial support position of the belt conveyor by interlocking with the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. It is explanatory drawing (b) which shows a mode that it applied so that the compost raw material accommodated in the 3rd area | region (high lamination | stacking area | region) may be transposed to a low height while turning back.

  The mode for carrying out the present invention includes one described in the following embodiments, and further includes various methods that can be improved within the technical idea.

In the present invention, when compost raw material A is piled up high, sterilization is performed by utilizing a self-heating phenomenon in which heat is naturally generated by the action of microorganisms that inhabit compost raw material A and the temperature rises. That is, pathogenic bacteria that can survive in the compost raw material A are sterilized at a high temperature due to self-heating. Of course, if the stacking height of the compost raw material A is lowered, the temperature of the compost raw material A will also decrease, resulting in room temperature (low temperature) fermentation. It is intended to compost, thereby preventing the infection of pathogenic bacteria, which was a disadvantage of room temperature composting, at low cost, and also capable of composting suppressing the generation of odor that was a disadvantage of high temperature composting. is there.
In order to make composting progress efficiently, the composting raw material A during fermentation is usually turned over once a day. In the present invention, the stacking height of the composting raw material A is set at the time of turning over. The operation of lowering is also performed.
Incidentally, as the compost raw material A, organic waste such as raw garbage, sewage and sludge in septic tanks, livestock manure, and agricultural waste is applied.

  As described above, the composting apparatus 1 of the present invention comprises a scraping apparatus 2 that cuts the compost raw material A introduced into the apparatus once a day, for example, and a spraying apparatus (not shown) for spraying the composting inoculum. In addition, when it is desired to keep the processing environment of the compost raw material A stable, it is preferable to cover them with an appropriate building 3 (see FIG. 1A). The building 3 is not necessarily made of metal, but can be made of wood (wooden), and wood is preferable in view of corrosion resistance to ammonia discharged from the composting raw material A during fermentation, production costs, and the like. .

  As shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the composting apparatus 1 is configured by forming a tank structure 10 of, for example, reinforced concrete, the floor bottom of which is a treatment floor 11, and sidewalls 12 on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the treatment floor 11. The long tank-like portion that is formed so as to be substantially separated by this is referred to as a processing unit 110. In addition, two long tank-shaped processing units 110 are provided in parallel as an example. For this reason, the side wall 12 stands between the side walls 12A and 12B located on both sides of the tank structure 10 and in the middle thereof. The partition wall 12C is formed to be raised. When it is necessary to distinguish between these processing units 110, as shown in FIG. 1, the left side is referred to as a processing unit 110A and the right side is referred to as a processing unit 110B.

  Further, an aeration trough 13 is provided on the processing floor 11 constituting the bottom of the processing unit 110, and this is provided at an appropriate interval along the width direction orthogonal to the processing floor 11 extending in the longitudinal direction. It is done. In addition, this aeration trough 13 bears the effect | action which sends air (air for fermentation promotion) uniformly to the compost raw material A accommodated (reserved) in the process part 110. FIG. Incidentally, for details of the diffuser trough 13, JP 2007-117812 (Patent No. 4710065) by the present applicant is incorporated.

Hereinafter, the processing unit 110 will be described in more detail.
As shown in FIG. 2A as an example, the processing unit 110 has a storage space for the compost raw material A that is partitioned in advance from the first day to the nth day (for convenience, the first area to the first area). The compost raw material A is introduced into the first region of the processing unit 110 on the first day, and thereafter, the next region is added to the next region every day. Forward. That is, the compost raw material A in the processing unit 110 is accommodated so as to be continuous every day (more preferably, the compost raw material A is in an adhering state adjacent to each other). In addition, the forward feed of the compost raw material A accommodated in the processing unit 110 is performed by the scraping device 2, that is, the forward feed and the return of the compost raw material A are performed together.
Then, the compost raw material A is taken out of the composting apparatus 1 from the nth region (discharge side end portion) through the fermentation period of n days while being sequentially fed through the processing unit 110 as the compost product A1. The compost product A1 is taken out on the downstream side (discharge side end) of the nth region, and this is set as a discharge area AR. Further, since the compost raw material A is input from the first region in the processing unit 110 and is taken out from the nth region as the compost product A1, the first region side (left side in FIG. 2) of the processing unit 110 is input side. And the nth region side (the right side in FIG. 2) is the discharge side.

Further, the compost raw material A is stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more in the section from the first region to the third region, but is reloaded from 0.3 to 0.6 m from the fourth region. This low stacking height is almost maintained up to the region.
In addition, the compost raw material A stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more in the section from the first region to the third region becomes a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher due to self-heating as described above. The pathogens that inhabit them almost die within the three days. In addition, the scraping device 2 also changes the stacking height when the compost raw material A is transported from the third region to the fourth region as described above.
Incidentally, the number of days n required for composting varies depending on the compost raw material A, and is, for example, about 7 days when sludge is applied (n = 7), and about 30 days for garbage (n = 30).
Moreover, the temperature of the normal temperature composting performed in the low lamination state from the fourth region to the nth region is, for example, 30 ° C. to 40 ° C., more preferably about 35 ° C.

Next, the scraping device 2 will be described.
The scraping device 2 sequentially feeds the compost raw material A accommodated in each region to the next discharge side region while moving the processing unit 110 back up from the nth region to the first region, for example, once a day. Is. Of course, at the time of this forward feeding, as described above, the compost raw material A is conveyed while being turned back (stirring). Incidentally, the time required for the scraping device 2 to move from the n-th area to the first area of one processing unit 110A (or 110B) is, for example, about 1 to 2 hours.
Further, the compost raw material A accommodated in the nth region is sent to the discharge area AR by the sequential feeding action of the scraping device 2 as described above, and is out of the processing unit 110 (composting device 1) as the compost product A1. It is taken out. For this reason, it can be said that the scraping device 2 also serves as a take-out device for the compost product A1.

Hereinafter, the specific configuration of the scraping device 2 will be further described.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the scraping device 2 is characterized in that when the compost raw material A is transported from the third region to the fourth region, the stacking height of the compost raw material A is reduced.
For this reason, as shown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 2C, the scraping device 2 cuts back the compost raw material A located on the input side of the processing unit 110 while crushing it in the height direction. A belt conveyor 21 that is fed forward to the discharge side is rotatably supported, and further includes a traveling body 22 that moves from the discharge side to the input side of the processing unit 110, and the belt is interposed between the belt conveyor 21 and the traveling body 22. An inclination angle adjusting mechanism 23 that allows the conveyor 21 to be adjusted to an appropriate inclination angle is incorporated.

Hereinafter, the belt conveyor 21, the traveling body 22, and the inclination angle adjusting mechanism 23 will be described.
The belt conveyor 21 includes a tail roller (tail pulley) 211 and a head roller (head pulley) 212 in the longitudinal direction (direction along the input side to the discharge side) of the processing unit 110, and the conveyor belt 213 is wound between the tail roller 211 and the head roller 212. The tail roller 211 and the head roller 212 are rotatably attached to an appropriate conveyor frame 214.
Here, the tail roller 211 is a roller positioned below the input side of the processing unit 110, and the head roller 212 is a roller positioned above the discharge side of the processing unit 110. That is, the tail roller 211 is on the conveyance start side when the compost raw material A is carried on the belt conveyor 21, and the head roller 212 is the discharge side (conveyance end side) of the compost raw material A carried on the belt conveyor 21. It will be.
In addition, the traveling body 22 is formed by using, for example, a crawler, but it is also possible to use a pneumatic tire together. Specifically, a pneumatic tire is applied to the front side (input side) and a crawler is applied to the rear side (discharge side). Can take the form.

The tilt angle adjusting mechanism 23 includes a slider 231 slidably provided on the conveyor frame 214 and a base 232 provided in a raised state from the traveling body 22, and rotates the slider 231 and the base 232. The moving body 233 is connected in a link shape. Reference numeral 234 in the figure denotes a tilting cylinder attached to the traveling body 22 in order to rotate the rotating body 233 and adjust the inclination angle of the belt conveyor 21 (conveyor frame 214). The tip is pivotally attached to the rotating body 233.
The slider 231 is a member for sliding the belt conveyor 21 along the conveying surface (illustration of the cylinder for sliding is omitted). The tail roller 211 is coupled with the adjustment of the inclination angle of the belt conveyor 21. In addition, the position of the head roller 212 can be adjusted as appropriate.
By the way, on the conveyor belt 213, a convex slip-off prevention body that protrudes from the conveying surface is provided so that the compost raw material A can be reliably conveyed even when the belt conveyor 21 is set at a relatively steep inclination angle. Is preferred.

  Although the scraping device 2 is illustrated as if traveling on the floor surface of the processing unit 110 in the present embodiment, the scraping device 2 may be configured to travel on the side wall 12 across the processing unit 110. I do not care. In that case, the scraping device 2 can travel not only to the longitudinal direction of the processing unit 110 (for example, the processing unit 110A forming the same lane) but also to the adjacent processing unit 110 (for example, the processing unit 110B forming the adjacent lane). In other words, it is preferable to arrange a lateral rail so that it can also move in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-117812). And even if a plurality of processing units 110 are installed in parallel with such a configuration, the single scraping device 2 can be used to turn back, forward-feed and take-out compost raw material A (take-out compost product A1) and change the stacking height. Therefore, the structure of the composting apparatus 1 can be simplified and the cost can be further reduced.

Next, an inoculum spraying device will be described.
The inoculum spraying device is a device that sprays composting inoculum (that is suitable for room temperature composting) on composting raw material A in a suitable environment at 30 ° C to 40 ° C when the height of composting material A is reloaded low. It is. Thereby, inoculum will disperse | distribute substantially uniformly in the compost raw material A after sterilization, and subsequent normal temperature composting can be promoted.
In addition, when spraying such an inoculum, it is preferable to forcibly cool the compost raw material A being turned back by blowing air, for example. Thereby, the composting inoculum which makes 30 degreeC-40 degreeC suitable environment turns into an environment where it inhabits and propagates further, and can further promote subsequent normal temperature composting. For this reason, it is desirable for the spraying device to have a blowing function.

Moreover, in the high lamination | stacking area | region (1st area | region-3rd area | region in a present Example) where the compost raw material A is piled up high in the said process part 110, it becomes high-temperature composting as mentioned above, and a lot of bad odors are inevitably emitted during fermentation. The For this reason, in the said area | region, it is preferable to give the countermeasure (odor treatment) which processes this malodor, and specifically, from the compost raw material A during fermentation by arrange | positioning an exhaust duct above the process part 110 in the said area | region. It is possible to exhaust the malodor emitted.
In addition, a suction pipe may be provided on the floor surface (processing floor 11) of the processing unit 110 in the region so that malodors discharged from the composting raw material A during fermentation can be sucked and collected.
The malodor (odor) collected and collected in this way can be deodorized by neutralization or adsorption treatment.

The composting apparatus 1 has the basic structure as described above. Hereinafter, the composting method of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the operation mode of the apparatus.
In the description, it is assumed that the compost raw material A is contained from the first region to the nth region of the processing unit 110 as an initial state.
(1) Progressive compost raw materials (normal)
As an example for sequentially feeding the compost raw material A, the scraping device 2 is reversed from the n-th region of the processing unit 110 toward the first region, as shown in FIG. 2 (a) → (a ′) → (b). Move to go up. However, FIG. 2 (a) → (a ′) → (b) illustrates the forward feed (removal) of only the nth region. In such a forward feed, the scraping device 2 drives the traveling body 22 while rotating the conveyor belt 213 and moves toward the first region as a whole.
Further, the belt conveyor 21 positions the tail roller 211 facing the input side of the processing unit 110 to a position close to the bottom of the processing floor 11 during such forward feeding, while the head roller 212 facing the discharge side is in the nth region. It is positioned high up to about the stacking height, and it takes an inclined posture with the discharge side facing upward as a whole. In this state, it is preferable that the horizontal separation distance from the tail roller 211 to the head roller 212 is substantially the same as the length of the low lamination region.
Then, by moving the scraping device 2 as a whole toward the first region while maintaining such an inclined posture, the compost raw material A accommodated in the low lamination region is sequentially fed to the next region one by one. Is. Of course, in this conveyance, the compost raw material A is transported to the next region while being cut little by little, so that the sequentially fed compost raw material A is sufficiently stirred (laminated).

(2) Removal of compost product The compost raw material A accommodated in the low stacking area of the processing unit 110 as described above is sequentially fed to the next discharge side area one by one as the scraping device 2 moves. Is. However, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the compost raw material A accommodated in the nth region becomes a compost product A1 after finishing the fermentation period of n days by the forward feeding action of the scraping device 2, and the discharge area AR. It is taken out of the apparatus from the (discharge end).

(3) Change of stacking height of compost raw material While repeating the above-described forward feeding (see FIGS. 3A to 3C), in transferring the compost raw material A from the third area to the fourth area, as an example As shown in FIGS. 3D to 3E, an operation of shortening the forward feed width (horizontal conveyance distance of the belt conveyor 21) to the discharge side and lowering the stacking height is also performed. That is, when the compost raw material A stored in the third area is transported to the fourth area, the horizontal movement distance of the scraping device 2 is larger than that until now because the compost raw material A is stacked higher in the third area. Shorter. In other words, the speed at which the scraping device 2 advances through the third area is slower than the speed at which the scraping device 2 advances through the fourth area. Specifically, if the amount of scraping per unit time is constant, the speed advances through the third area. The speed is approximately (0.3 to 0.6) /1.8, which is a ratio of the stacking height, and is about 1/6 to 1/3 of the speed of traveling through the fourth region.
Further, when the compost raw material A in the third layer of the high stack is reloaded to the fourth region, as shown in FIGS. 3 (d) to 3 (e), the scraping device 2 (belt conveyor) 21) The inclination angle is gradually changed greatly.
As a result, the compost raw material A positioned on the discharge side of the third region is also transferred to the fourth region having a lower stacking height than the third region, as shown in FIG. While transferring to the discharge side of the area and at the end of transfer of the area, as shown in FIG. 3 (e), the compost raw material A located on the input side of the third area is transferred to the input side of the fourth area. The compost raw material A can be transshipped to a low height as the compost raw material A is turned over.

  Further, in the above-described stage of changing the compost raw material A from the high stack to the low stack (the forward feed stage from the third region to the fourth region), as described above, the inoculum spraying device is driven, and then the room temperature composting is performed. The bacteria to be promoted are sprayed (inoculated) on the compost raw material A. This is because the compost raw material A of the present example is stacked in a highly laminated state from the first region to the third region, becomes 60 ° C. or higher due to self-heating, and the pathogenic bacteria are sterilized. By inoculation, the subsequent room temperature composting is further promoted. In addition, the bacteria that promote the composting at room temperature will be widely inhabited and propagated in the compost raw material A, and the risk that the composted raw material A after sterilization is reinfected with the pathogenic bacteria can be effectively suppressed. . In other words, even if pathogenic bacteria that can withstand high-temperature sterilization at 60 ° C or higher survive, there is little room for pathogenic bacteria to propagate by inoculating many bacteria that promote normal temperature composting and allowing them to grow. It is.

  Incidentally, as an inoculum to be sprayed (inoculated) on the compost raw material A, a group of microorganisms such as Bacillus genus bacteria and Streptomyces genus actinomycetes, for example, is preferable because of high organic matter decomposing activity near room temperature. In addition, if the inoculum spread | dispersed to the compost raw material A is made into the above microbial groups, the reinfection of the compost raw material A after sterilization can be prevented further. In other words, if a plurality of effective bacteria that promotes room temperature composting are inoculated into the sterilized compost raw material A, the sterilized compost raw material A will be occupied by a variety of effective bacteria. In addition, pathogenic bacteria are extremely difficult to enter, and reinfection of pathogenic bacteria can be further prevented.

  Moreover, when inoculating the inoculum, it is preferable to forcibly cool the compost raw material A being turned over, for example, by blowing air simultaneously with the application as described above. Thereby, it becomes an environment where composting inoculum having a suitable environment of 30 ° C. to 40 ° C. is more likely to inhabit and multiply, and the subsequent room temperature composting can be further promoted.

(4) Movement of the scraping device from the third region to the first region Thereafter, the scraping device 2 moves from the third region to the first region, and sequentially feeds the compost raw material A accommodated in the high lamination region. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3 (e) and 4 (f) to (g), the conveyor belt 213 is rotated while keeping the inclination angle of the belt conveyor 21 large. As a result, the compost raw material A can now be fed forward while maintaining a highly laminated state. Of course, even in this forward feed, the compost raw material A is conveyed while being stirred (turned back).

  Moreover, in the said area | region (1st area | region-3rd area | region) which highly compost raw material A is laminated | stacked, it becomes high-temperature composting as mentioned above, and a malodor is inevitably released in large quantities during fermentation. For this reason, it is preferable to take countermeasures (odor treatment) for treating this malodor in the area, for example, malodor discharged from the compost raw material A during fermentation by disposing an exhaust duct over the processing section 110 in the area. Can be exhausted, or a suction pipe is disposed on the floor surface (treatment floor 11) of the processing section 110 in the area to suck and collect malodors discharged from the composting raw material A during fermentation. Is possible. The odors collected and collected in this way can be deodorized by neutralization or adsorption treatment.

(5) Mode of scraping device that has reached the first region Thereafter, the scraping device 2 that has reached the first region (end-side end) is lifted by a crane or the like as shown in FIG. Returning to the discharge area AR (discharge end), the next day scraping is awaited.
Of course, when returning the scraping device 2 to the discharge area AR, the belt conveyor 21 of the scraping device 2 does not interfere with the compost raw material A (compost raw material A accommodated in the processing unit 110) that has been scraped. Thus, it is returned as a fully retracted state.
Further, as the scraping device 2 is returned to the discharge area AR, the compost raw material A for one day is newly input into the first area that has become empty, as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 4 (h), the inclination angle of the scraping device 2 (belt conveyor 21) is changed (returned to a small angle) while returning the scraping device 2 to the discharge area AR. However, this is merely an example, and for example, the inclination angle may be returned after the return to the discharge area AR is complete and before the next day discharge (forward feed) is started.
In the above description, the scraping device 2 that has reached the first area (the end on the input side) is returned to the discharge area AR of the same processing unit 110 (for example, the processing unit 110A that forms the same lane) and waits for the next day of scraping. As described above, the scraping device 2 that has reached the first region (the input side end) is lifted by a crane or the like, transported to the discharge area AR of the adjacent processing unit 110B, and scraped by the adjacent processing unit 110B. It is also possible to continue feeding in the same manner as described above.
Incidentally, if the scraping device 2 moves (runs) on the side wall 12, the scraping device 2 naturally returns to the discharge area AR through the side wall 12 (moves). Not particularly necessary. Of course, also in this case, the belt conveyor 21 of the scraping device 2 is scraped in a sufficiently retracted state so as not to interfere with the compost raw material A (compost raw material A accommodated in the processing unit 110) that has been scraped. The device 2 is returned.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the high stacking region and the low stacking region of the compost raw material A are continuously arranged in the longitudinal direction of the same processing unit 110, that is, from the charging side to the discharging side. The height can be lowered. For this reason, continuous processing is also possible in composting, that is, the composting raw material A can be input on the input side and the takeout of the compost product A1 can be performed on the discharge side without interruption, and the composting can be promoted efficiently. .

  In this regard, the high lamination region (the first region to the third region in the above embodiment) and the low lamination region (the fourth region to the nth region in the above embodiment) of the compost raw material A are completely separated and independent ( (So-called separate). In this case, the scraping of the high stacking area and the scraping of the low stacking area are performed independently (since one scraping device does not pass through the high stacking area continuously from the low stacking area). ), The scraping device 2 that changes the inclination angle of the belt conveyor 21 is not necessarily required. In this case, the scraping device 2 does not need to change the height of the compost raw material A. Therefore, the existing scraping device, that is, a stirring plate supported by an appropriate casing, is attached radially to the rotating shaft. In addition, it is possible to apply a device that rotates the rotating shaft while moving the scraping device from the discharge side to the input side and switches back the compost raw material A (see, for example, JP-A-2007-117812).

[Other Examples]
The present invention has the above-described embodiment as one basic technical idea, but the following modifications can be considered.
First, in the basic embodiment described above, the scraping device 2 can change the forward feed width to the discharge side by making the belt conveyor 21 (conveyor belt 213) tiltable, whereby the compost raw material A can be turned over. At the same time, the stacking height can be changed.
However, the change in the forward feed width to the discharge side of the scraping device 2 is not necessarily limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, the belt conveyor 41 serves as a reference. It comprises a base roller 411, a longitudinally moving roller 412 movable in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the base roller 411, and a laterally moving roller 413 movable in a substantially horizontal direction with respect to the longitudinally moving roller 412. It may be formed by winding the belt 414.
Here, the space between the base roller 411 to the vertical movement roller 412 and the space between the vertical movement roller 412 to the horizontal movement roller 413 are configured by, for example, telescopic frames 415 formed in a nested shape.
Further, the conveyor belt 414 is provided with a scraping body 417 protruding from the conveying surface, and the compost raw material A stacked in the processing unit 110 is scraped by the scraping body 417 in the stacking height direction. It will be fed back to the discharge side.

In addition, since the conveyor belt 414 is wound around the three rollers on the belt conveyor 41, the vertical conveyance distance between the base roller 411 to the vertical movement roller 412 and the vertical movement roller 412 to the horizontal movement. The total of the horizontal conveyance distance between the rollers 413 is always constant. For example, the vertical movement roller 412 (axial support position) is raised, and the vertical conveyance distance between the base roller 411 to the vertical movement roller 412 is increased. In such a case, the lateral movement roller 413 (axial support position) is moved so that the horizontal conveyance distance between the longitudinal movement roller 412 and the lateral movement roller 413 is shortened so as to meet the requirements (so as to match the wrinkles). ing. In this way, the belt conveyor 41 is configured such that the pivot support position is interlocked in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. In the figure, reference numeral 418 denotes a tension roller.
In addition, when the compost raw material A in the third region, which has been stacked high using the belt conveyor 41, is transferred to the fourth region in a low state, for example, as shown in FIG. That is, when scraping the compost raw material A on the discharge side of the third area, the vertical conveyance distance of the belt conveyor 41 is set short (the horizontal conveyance distance is set long), and at the end of transfer of the area, that is, the third area When the compost raw material A on the input side is scraped, the vertical conveyance distance of the belt conveyor 41 is set long (the horizontal conveyance distance is set short). That is, when the compost raw material A in the third region is scraped to the fourth region, the vertical conveying distance of the belt conveyor 41 is gradually increased (the horizontal conveying distance is gradually decreased), and the stacking height is increased. Are transshipped low.

1 Composting device 2 Scraping device 3 Building

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Composting apparatus 10 Tank structure 11 Processing floor 110 Processing part 110A Processing part 110B Processing part 12 Side wall 12A Side wall 12B Side wall 12C Partition side wall 13 Aeration trough

2 Scraping device 21 Belt conveyor 22 Traveling body 23 Inclination angle adjustment mechanism

21 Belt conveyor 211 Tail roller (tail pulley)
212 Head roller (head pulley)
213 Conveyor belt 214 Conveyor frame

23 tilt angle adjusting mechanism 231 slider 232 base 233 rotating body 234 tilting cylinder

41 Belt conveyor 411 Base roller 412 Vertical movement roller 413 Horizontal movement roller 414 Conveyor belt 415 Telescopic frame 417 Scraping body 418 Tension roller

A Compost raw material A1 Compost products AR Discharge area

Claims (6)

The compost material that is input every day from the input side end of the processing unit that contains the compost material is fed back to the discharge side every day, and the compost material is supplied from the input side of the processing unit toward the discharge side for one day. It is a composting method for laminating so as to be linked to each other, and sequentially proceeding the fermentation of the laminated compost raw material and taking out as a compost product from the fermentation completed on the discharge side of the processing unit,
The compost raw material for at least three days from the input side of the processing section is laminated to a height of 1.8 m or more, and the pathogenic bacteria in the compost raw material are killed by self-heating, and the height of the processing section area on the discharge side is 0. Laminate 3m to 0.6m low, ferment at room temperature to reduce odor generated from compost raw materials,
In addition, when the compost raw material stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more is turned over and transferred to the next discharge side region and reloaded to a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m, the preferable environment is 30 ° C to 40 ° C. A composting method comprising inoculating a composting inoculum to be inoculated.
When composting the compost raw material laminated to 1.8 m or more in the processing unit and feeding it to the next discharge side region and reloading it to a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m, a suitable environment is 30 ° C to 40 ° C. The composting method according to claim 1, wherein the composting material being turned back is forcibly cooled in combination with inoculation with the composting inoculum.
In the region where the composting material is stacked at a height of 1.8 m or more in the processing unit, an exhaust duct is disposed above the processing unit, or a suction pipe is disposed on the floor surface, so that the composting material being fermented 3. The composting method according to claim 1, wherein malodors discharged from the exhaust gas are exhausted or collected by suction.
At least a left and right side walls, a processing unit for storing compost raw material formed therebetween, a scraping device that moves in the longitudinal direction of the processing unit along the left and right side walls, and a composting inoculum spraying device. A composting device comprising:
The scraping device is configured to rotatably support a belt conveyor that cuts back compost raw materials stacked in the processing unit while being scraped in the height direction and forwards them to the discharge side.
In addition, the scraping apparatus is configured to stack the compost raw material that is input for one day at a height of 1.8 m or more in an area that accommodates at least several days of compost raw material from the input side end of the processing unit. In the region on the more discharge side, the compost raw material that is input as one day is configured so that the forward feed width to the discharge side can be changed so as to be stacked at a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m,
In addition, when the scraping device moves from a stacking region having a height of 0.3 m to 0.6 m to a stacking region having a height of 1.8 m or more, a high speed for one day is combined with a reduction in traveling speed. The change of the forward feed width is completed in the stacking area of 1.8 m or more, and the composting inoculum spraying device is driven only in the meantime,
Further, the scraping device that reaches the input side end of the processing unit is moved to the discharge side end of the processing unit after retracting the belt conveyor so as not to interfere with the compost raw material stored in the processing unit. Composting device characterized by that.
5. The composting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the forward feed width to the discharge side of the scraping device is changed by changing the inclination angle of the belt conveyor.
  5. The compost according to claim 4, wherein when the forward feed width to the discharge side of the scraping device is changed, the axial support position of the belt conveyor is changed in conjunction with the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Device.

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