JP6445702B2 - N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミド類からアミノメチル化粒状重合体を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミド類からアミノメチル化粒状重合体を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6445702B2 JP6445702B2 JP2017533445A JP2017533445A JP6445702B2 JP 6445702 B2 JP6445702 B2 JP 6445702B2 JP 2017533445 A JP2017533445 A JP 2017533445A JP 2017533445 A JP2017533445 A JP 2017533445A JP 6445702 B2 JP6445702 B2 JP 6445702B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carboxylic acid
- mixture
- anhydride
- acid
- granular polymer
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
- WQINSVOOIJDOLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)acetic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CC(=O)O)C(=O)C2=C1 WQINSVOOIJDOLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006216 polyvinyl aromatic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003361 porogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TUKNTJVUVGIEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)methyl acetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(COC(=O)C)C(=O)C2=C1 TUKNTJVUVGIEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 N-carboxymethylphthalimide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WVAFEFUPWRPQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-tris(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1C=C WVAFEFUPWRPQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YMOONIIMQBGTDU-VOTSOKGWSA-N [(e)-2-bromoethenyl]benzene Chemical compound Br\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 YMOONIIMQBGTDU-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 10
- MNSGOOCAMMSKGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(hydroxymethyl)phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CO)C(=O)C2=C1 MNSGOOCAMMSKGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCC DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRTPVONNQPWNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanoyl 2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)CC WRTPVONNQPWNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FREZLSIGWNCSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutanoyl 3-methylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(C)C FREZLSIGWNCSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IWRJVCHXSUCIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)methyl propanoate Chemical compound C(CC)(=O)OCN1C(C=2C(C1=O)=CC=CC=2)=O IWRJVCHXSUCIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBZJCNRQEGTJDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methyl-1,3-dioxoisoindol-4-yl) butanoate Chemical compound C(CCC)(=O)OC1=C2C(C(=O)N(C2=O)C)=CC=C1 WBZJCNRQEGTJDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorobenzoyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006729 (C2-C5) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FTCVHAQNWWBTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl FTCVHAQNWWBTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C)C(C=C)=CC=C21 QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXQAEOWCSOPBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetramethyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C UXQAEOWCSOPBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-Oxepanedione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)O1 JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQOCVPZGNDMJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindol-4-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O CQOCVPZGNDMJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKEXYVBHMPWUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)methoxymethyl]isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1COCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O AKEXYVBHMPWUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFEGKOIJMCGIKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxymethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COOC(C)(C)CC NFEGKOIJMCGIKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXXCIBALSKQCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 RXXCIBALSKQCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ABCGRFHYOYXEJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O ABCGRFHYOYXEJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC1=O PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/13—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J45/00—Ion-exchange in which a complex or a chelate is formed; Use of material as complex or chelate forming ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the complex or chelate forming ion-exchange properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F212/26—Nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/34—Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
- C08F212/36—Divinylbenzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/005—Friedel-Crafts catalysts in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Description
a)少なくとも1種のモノビニル芳香族化合物、少なくとも1種のポリビニル芳香族化合物、および少なくとも1種の重合開始剤を含む混合物からなるモノマーの液滴を粒状ポリマーへと転化し、
b)工程a)からのその粒状ポリマーを、
脂肪族の飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸の無水物またはカルボン酸の存在下、または脂肪族の飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸の無水物と少なくとも1種の脂肪族の飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸との混合物の存在下、および
少なくとも1種のフリーデル−クラフツ触媒の存在下に、
N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミドと反応させて、フタルイミドメチル化粒状ポリマーを得るが、用いた化合物の量が:
反応混合物中の(N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミド、粒状ポリマー、脂肪族で飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸無水物またはカルボン酸、およびフリーデル−クラフツ触媒)を全部合計して、反応混合物の全量を規準にして、80重量%よりも多く、
c)そのフタルイミドメチル化粒状ポリマーを加水分解して、アミノメチル化粒状ポリマーを得る。
好ましくは、R1が、直鎖状もしくは分岐状のC1〜C6−アルキルである。
突き固め容積計の中で密充填させて100mLとしたアミノメチル化粒状ポリマーを、脱イオン水を用いてガラスカラムの中に洗い流し入れる。2重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液1000mLを、1時間40分かけて、そのカラムを通過させる。
(200V)*20=1Lのアミノメチル化粒状ポリマーあたりのアミノメチル基のモル数。
1.1 スチレン、ジビニルベンゼンおよびエチルスチレンに基づくヘテロ分散性のマクロポーラス粒状ポリマーの調製
そのようなヘテロ分散性粒状ポリマーは、米国特許第3989650号明細書の実施例5で使用されている。
使用したモノマーの全量を規準にした重量収量:957.2グラム。
室温で、最初に945.8グラムの無水酢酸を仕込む。その最初の仕込み物に、1025.8グラムのN−メチロールフタルイミドを計量仕込みし、次いで14.2グラムのモノ硫酸を計量仕込みする。その懸濁液を加熱して80℃にする。溶液が生成するので、それを80℃で30分間撹拌する。
80℃で、実施例1.1からのヘテロ分散粒状ポリマー450グラムを、1.2からの混合物に、2分間以内に計量仕込みする。その懸濁液を加熱して120℃にし、この温度でさらに2時間撹拌する。次いで、その混合物を冷却して60℃にする。115.9gのモノ硫酸を、2時間以内で計量仕込みする。次いで、300.5gの塩化鉄(III)を、5分間以内で計量仕込みする。その混合物を、さらに1時間、60℃で撹拌する。その混合物を加熱して115℃とし、その温度でさらに3.5時間撹拌する。
容積収量:2320mL
乾燥重量:0.4911グラム/mL
窒素含量:フタルイミドメチル化粒状ポリマーの全量を規準にして5.6重量%
1380グラムの脱イオン水および1190グラムの50重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を最初に室温で仕込む。
容積収量:1640mL
乾燥重量:0.3376グラム/mL
HCl数:2.65mol/樹脂1リットル
2.1 スチレン、ジビニルベンゼンおよびエチルスチレンに基づく単分散マクロポーラス粒状ポリマーの調製
10Lのガラス製反応器に、3000gの脱イオン水、ならびに320gの脱イオン水中に10gのゼラチン、16gのリン酸水素二ナトリウム・十二水和物、および0.73gのレゾルシノールを溶解させた溶液を最初に仕込み、混合する。その混合物を、25℃にする。次いで、撹拌しながら、3.6重量%のジビニルベンゼンおよび0.9重量%のエチルスチレン(市販されているジビニルベンゼンおよびエチルスチレン(80%ジビニルベンゼン)の異性体混合物の形で使用)、0.5重量%のジベンゾイルペルオキシド、56.2重量%のスチレン、および38.8重量%のイソドデカン(ペンタメチルヘプタンの含量が高い工業グレードの異性体混合物)からなる狭い粒径分布を有するマイクロカプセル化されたモノマーの液滴の混合物3200gを得て、ゼラチンおよびアクリルアミドとアクリル酸とのコポリマーを含むホルムアルデヒドで硬化させた複合コアセルベートからなるマイクロカプセル、および3200gのpH12を有する水相を添加する。
598gの酢酸、441gのアセトキシメチロールフタルイミド、および157gの実施例2.1からの粒状ポリマーを、最初に仕込み、加熱して60℃にし、そしてこの温度で1時間撹拌する。次いで、143.1gのFeCl3を添加し、その混合物を0.5時間撹拌する。その後で、温度を上げて110℃にし、その混合物をこの温度で10時間撹拌する。その混合物を冷却して60℃にし、360gの酢酸を添加し、その混合物を篩別にかける。60℃で360gの酢酸を用いて、もう1回洗浄し、混合物を篩別にかけ、脱イオン水を用いて洗浄する。
容積収量:1010mL
窒素含量:5.9%
実施例1.4と同様にして、988mLのフタルイミドメチル化粒状ポリマーを加水分解させる。
容積収量:720mL
HCl数:2.27mol/L
アミノメチル化樹脂−塩基の量(1グラムの粒状ポリマーあたり):10.4
Claims (15)
- アミノメチル化粒状ポリマーを製造するための方法であって、
a)少なくとも1種のモノビニル芳香族化合物、少なくとも1種のポリビニル芳香族化合物、および少なくとも1種の重合開始剤を含む混合物からなるモノマーの液滴を粒状ポリマーへと転化し、
b)工程a)からの前記粒状ポリマーを、N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミドと、
脂肪族の飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸の無水物またはカルボン酸の存在下、または脂肪族の飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸の無水物と少なくとも1種の脂肪族の飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸との混合物の存在下、および
少なくとも1種のフリーデル−クラフツ触媒の存在下に、
反応させて、フタルイミドメチル化粒状ポリマーを得るが、用いられた前記化合物の量が:
前記反応混合物中の、N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミド、粒状ポリマー、脂肪族で飽和もしくは不飽和のカルボン酸の無水物またはカルボン酸またはそれらの混合物、およびフリーデル−クラフツ触媒が、合計して、前記反応混合物の全量を規準にして、80重量%よりも多く、
c)前記フタルイミドメチル化粒状ポリマーを加水分解して、アミノメチル化粒状ポリマーを得る
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 工程a)において、用いられるモノビニル芳香族化合物が、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、エチルスチレン、t−ブチルスチレン、クロロスチレン、ブロモスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、もしくはビニルナフタレン、またはそれらの化合物の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程a)において、用いられるポリビニル芳香族化合物が、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルトルエン、もしくはトリビニルベンゼン、またはそれらの化合物の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 用いられるモノビニル芳香族化合物がスチレンであり、かつ用いられるポリビニル芳香族化合物がジビニルベンゼンであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- N−アセトキシメチルフタルイミドが、工程b)において用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において用いられるフリーデル−クラフツ触媒が、塩化鉄(III)と硫酸との混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において、フリーデル−クラフツ触媒1モルあたり、2〜5モルのN−カルボキシメチルフタルイミドが用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において粒状ポリマー1グラムあたり、10−3モル〜0.03モルのN−カルボキシメチルフタルイミドが用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において、カルボン酸無水物またはカルボン酸1モルあたり、N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミドが1.6〜2.5モルの量で用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において用いられるカルボン酸無水物およびカルボン酸が、無水酢酸と酢酸との混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 無水酢酸と酢酸の比が、(3:1)から(10:1)までの間であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において、前記N−カルボキシメチルフタルイミド化合物、前記粒状ポリマー、前記カルボン酸無水物もしくはカルボン酸またはそれらの混合物、および前記フリーデル−クラフツ触媒が、前記反応混合物中において、前記反応混合物の全量を規準にして、合計して95重量%より多い量で用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程c)が、100℃〜250℃の間の温度で、アルカリ金属水酸化物の水性もしくはアルコール性溶液を用いて実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程a)においてポロゲンが用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)において用いられる前記カルボン酸が酢酸であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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