JP6445434B2 - スーパーカインおよびシンセカイン:新規かつ増強されたシグナル伝達活性を有する再利用されるサイトカイン - Google Patents
スーパーカインおよびシンセカイン:新規かつ増強されたシグナル伝達活性を有する再利用されるサイトカイン Download PDFInfo
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Description
サイトカインは、1つの細胞により作られて、他に作用する分子として広く定義される。他の命名の中でも、インターロイキン、インターフェロン、増殖因子、およびTNFとよばれるこれらの分子は、また、細胞の増殖から炎症、免疫、遊走、線維症、修復、および血管新生まで、あらゆる本質的に重要な生物学的過程に関わる。これらの特性に起因して、治療法としてのサイトカインの使用が探究されてきた。残念ながら、実例の大多数において、治療法としての野生型サイトカインの使用は、用量制限の毒性または不十分な効能を伴うことが多い。
別様に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術および科学用語は、概して、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者により共通に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。一般的に、本明細書で使用される命名法および細胞培養、分子遺伝学、有機化学における実験手順は、当該技術分野でよく知られたものであり、共通に採用される。標準的な技術が、核酸およびペプチド合成のために使用される。技術および手順は、概して、当該技術分野における従来の方法および種々の一般的な参照文献に従って行われ(概して、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、Sambrook et al. MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd ed. (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.を参照)、それはこの文献の全体にわたって提供される。本明細書で使用される命名法および以下に記載される分析および有機合成化学の実験手順は、よく知られるものであり、当該技術分野で共通に採用される。標準的な技術またはその改変形態が、化学合成および化学分析のために使用される。
IL‐4は、古典的な4つのα‐ヘリックスバンドルサイトカインである。その一次結合鎖は、IL‐4Rαであり、細胞外ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、および長い細胞内テイル(intracellular tail)からなり、Box1ドメイン、PTBドメインタンパク質および3つのSTAT6ドッキングについての結合部位、並びに活性化部位を含む、II型サイトカインレセプター鎖である。
種々の実施形態では、本開示は、必ずではないが、実質的に精製され、野生型IL‐4のアゴニストとして機能し得るIL‐4変異体ポリペプチドを提供し、それらは1つまたはそれ以上のIL‐4の生物活性を保持する(例えば、細胞増殖の刺激)。
増殖および分化の障害
いくつかの実施形態では、変異体サイトカインポリペプチドおよび/またはそれらを発現する核酸が、異常なアポトーシスまたは分化のプロセスに関連する障害(例えば、細胞増殖性障害または細胞分化性障害、例えば癌)を治療するために対象に投与され得る。
開示されるサイトカイン変異タンパク質の組成物およびそれらの使用の方法による寛解ができる病的症状は、例えば、喘息およびアレルギー性炎症応答のような肺障害を含む。
1つもしくはそれ以上の治療薬が単独で、または1つもしくはそれ以上の化学療法と組み合わせて、対象への投与のために薬学的に許容可能な担体とともに処方され得る。活性成分は、逐次投与のために単独で(個々に)処方され得、または同時投与のために一緒に処方されることとしてもよい。
投与の様式は、経口投与、舌下投与、鼻腔内投与、気管内投与、吸入、点眼、局所投与、経皮投与、皮内投与、直腸投与、腟内投与、皮下投与、静脈内投与、筋肉内投与、腹腔内投与、胸骨内の、投与、経粘膜的投与を介するもの、を含む、あらゆる医学的に許容可能な様式であることとしてもよい。また、投与の様式は、体外装置および/または組織貫通電磁気装置を介することとしてもよい。
本明細書に記載される変異タンパク質は、例えば、酵素、放射標識、エピトープ、または蛍光タンパク質(例えば、緑色蛍光タンパク質)のような、シグナルを産生するまたは標識である部分で直接または間接的に標識され得る。本明細書に記載される変異タンパク質は、例えば、標準的なイムノブロッティング、免疫蛍光法、酵素免疫測定法(EIA)、ラジオイムノアッセイ(RIA)、蛍光エネルギー転移、ウエスタンブロット、並びに他の診断および検出技術を用いて、レセプターがサンプルにまたは細胞上に存在するかどうかを測定するために、サンプルにまたは細胞に接触され得る。
IL−4/IL−13系を用いて、共有サイトカインレセプターの相対親和性の操作が特徴的な応答性のパターンを有するサイトカインをもたらし得るという考えを試験した。2つのアプローチをとって、γc(図1b)またはIL−13Rα1(図1c)に結合するより高い親和性のためにIL−4を操作した。
得られたIL−4変異タンパク質の結合の特徴を、特徴づけした。表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)によってそれらの部位2結合親和性および動態をIL−13Rα1およびγcに関して測定するために、バキュロウイルスおよびIL−4Rαと形成された複合体を用いた組み換えIL−4および変異体KF、KFR、RQおよびRGAである(表1および図2を参照)。
理想的には、スーパー4といったIL−4変異タンパク質の増大した親和性は、野生型IL−4/γc結合の配向の最小限の妨害によって実現された。第2の鎖、γcとのスーパー4ドッキング様式が野生型IL−4に比べて乱されたかどうかを決定するために、結晶解析を実施した。遊離(たとえば、IL−4Rαに結合していない)スーパー4の、γcに対するより高い部位2親和性(KD約300nM)を考慮すると、IL−4Rαの不在下で、スーパー4/γc二元複合体を3.25Åの分解能まで結晶化させることが可能であった(図3aおよび4、表2)
様々な細胞型に対する、開示されるIL−4変異タンパク質の影響を試験した。スーパーカインの第2の鎖の動員の平衡定数がIL−4のものよりも劇的に異なったため、主にI型もしくはII型IL−4レセプターまたは顕著な量の双方を発現する細胞型のスーパーカインの挙動を試験した。
スーパー4が約3〜10倍より強力な、STAT6リン酸化の活性剤であった一方で、γcに関する三次元平衡はIL−4のものよりも約3700倍高かったという考えは、シグナル誘導レセプター形成が、どのように第2の鎖の発現によって決定されるかという分析を促した。マクロファージの約40のレセプターは、ほとんど最大限のSTAT6活性化をもたらすであろうと計算されていた。従って、細胞レベルでスーパー4が有した驚くほどに控えめな利点は、形成されたレセプター複合体の比較的低い数と何か関係があり得、および/または、第2の鎖の数が低い、たとえば、リガンドが利用可能な第2の鎖と競合する場合として観測され得る。
γc発現での増加はIL−4に対してスーパー4が有した利点を低下させることが予測され得るため、ラモス細胞よりもはるかに高いγc発現を有したHH細胞系統で、IL−4およびスーパー4に対する感受性を実験した(図6aおよびb)。スーパー4は、10pg/mlから10,000pg/mlの濃度範囲にわたって、HH細胞でのSTAT6のリン酸化においてIL−4よりも優れてはいなかった(図10a)。
様々なスーパーカインに対する応答は、どの第2の鎖をそれらが第1に使用するか次第であったことを確認するために、ヒト末梢血液白血球(PBL)のStat6リン酸化応答を試験した(図11)。PBLは、刺激されなかったか、15分間、IL−4または様々なスーパーカインで刺激されたかのいずれかであった。STAT6 Y641リン酸化をフローサイトメトリーで測定し、様々な末梢血液細胞型の応答性を試験した。スーパー4に対するリンパ球の応答は、低いリガンド濃度で著しくより良好であった。
IL−4およびスーパーカインの機能上の特異性および免疫調節性能力を試験するために、CD4 T細胞および単球を含む一連の実験を実施した。TGF−βおよびIL−4の組み合わせは、未処置のヒトCD4 T細胞の、TH9細胞への分化を促進する。スーパー4が野生型IL−4よりも強力にTH9分化を誘導するかどうかを試験するために、未処置のCD4+CD45RA+CD45RO−CD25−T細胞を単離した。
GM−CSFと組み合わせたIL−4は、ヒト単球から、樹状細胞(DC)のインビトロ分化を誘導する。このプロセスに関するI型またはII型レセプターの相対的な役割はまだ明らかになっていない。スーパー4がγcに優先的に結合し、KFRはIL−13Rα1ライゲーションに向かってそれることを考慮し、ヒトDC分化の間のγcおよびIL−13Rα1経路のために必要な要件を解明した。
IL−4および2つのスーパーカインが単球において同じ程度までSTAT6を活性化したため、スーパー4のDC分化を誘導する能力を決定した(図11(e)、図12および図19)。精製した単球を2つの用量のサイトカインで処理し、1つの用量は、P−STAT6 EC50値(30pM)(図15)に対応しており、もう一方の用量は、飽和状態(50nM)(図20)に対応していた。STAT6およびIRS1リン酸化の量ならびにγcおよびIL−13Rα1レセプターの下方制御を示した時間で分析した。低用量では、スーパー4およびKFRはIL−4と比較して遅れたSTAT6およびIRS1の活性化を示した。γcまたはIL−13Rα1のいずれの顕著な内部移行も一切観察されなかった(図15)。高用量では、3つのサイトカインは、STAT6およびIRS1活性化の同一の動態プロファイルを誘導した。KFRは、刺激の終わりに近い時間で、IL−13Rα1のより強力な内部移行を示した(図20)。概して、これらの結果によって、表面レセプター内部移行とシグナル伝達活性化との間の相関関係の欠如が示される。さらに、シグナル伝達活性化の遅れた動態だけでは、スーパー4のDC分化を誘導する非効率性を説明できず、II型レセプター特異性シグナル伝達がDC分化に必要であることを示唆する。
DCの分化において、IL−4およびスーパーカインによって誘導される遺伝子プログラムの重複性の程度に対して定性的な見識を得るために、GM−CSFで同時に処理した単球の野生型IL−4および2つのスーパーカインに応答した遺伝子発現のゲノム全体の分析を実施した。CD14+単球を、5人の健康なドナーから単離し、6時間、50ng/mlのGM−CSF単独で、または、20ng/mlのIL−4、スーパー4、またはKFRで刺激した。細胞をPBS中で洗浄し、1mlのTRIzol試薬(シグマ社)に溶解した。組み合わせたTRIzol/RNeasy Micro(キアゲン社)プロトコルを用いて全RNAを単離した。RNAの品質を2100Bioanalyzer(アジレント社)で確認した。cDNAを作製し、Two−color Low Input Quick Amp Labelingキット(アジレント社)を用いて、Cy3で標識される単一処理試料(GM−CSF単独)およびCy5で標識される二重処理試料で標識した。各ドナーに関し、各Cy5標識化二重処理(IL−4、Super−4またはKFRのいずれかを伴うGM−CSF)の試料を、8×60K SurePrint G3 Gene発現マイクロアレイ(アジレント社)上にGM−CSFを伴う対応するCy3標識化単一処理と同時ハイブリダイズし、製造業者の説明書に従って処理した。Feature Extractionソフトウェア(アジレント社)を用いて生のデータを正規化した。二重処理と単一処理の間、および変異形の間の変化の統計的分析のために、対応のあるt検定分析を用いた。遺伝子発現分析をGeneSpring GX11.5およびExcel上で実施した。6個未満のアレイでしか検知されなかった実体、品質管理プローブおよび長い遺伝子間非コードRNAのためのプローブは除外した。GM−CSF単独と比較して(Cy5対Cy3)少なくとも1つの二重処理群で有意な変化(対応のあるt検定)があった実体を保持した。2つの所与のサイトカインの間の倍変化統計的分析を、対応のあるt検定によって決定した。ミクロアレイデータをNCBI(GEOシリーズ受託番号:GSE40200)のGene Expression Omnibus(GEO)Databaseに提出した。
操作されたサイトカインによって誘導されるDCの機能性をさらに評価するため、8日間、最後の24時間はLPS刺激を行う、または行わないで、培養した細胞の上澄み上でLuminexアッセイを実施することで、サイトカイン、ケモカインおよび増殖因子の分泌パターンを比較した。
Claims (25)
- 2つまたはそれ以上の共有レセプターポリペプチドにより認識される野生型IL‐4リガンドに対して、標的細胞における細胞応答を選択的に操作するための方法であって、IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドを提供することを含み、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドが、前記野生型IL‐4リガンドよりも高い親和性で前記2つまたはそれ以上の共有レセプターポリペプチドの1つと結合することにより、前記細胞応答を選択的に操作し、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質が以下のアミノ酸置換:117R、118V、121Q、122S、124W、125F、128G、および129Aを含み、前記アミノ酸の番号付けは野生型ヒトIL‐4に従っている、方法。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドが、前記野生型IL‐4リガンドよりも高い親和性で前記2つまたはそれ以上の共有レセプターポリペプチドのうちの2つと結合することにより、前記細胞応答を選択的に操作する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドが、前記野生型IL‐4リガンドよりも高い親和性で前記2つまたはそれ以上の共有レセプターポリペプチドのうちの1つと結合し、前記野生型IL‐4リガンドよりも低い親和性で前記2つまたはそれ以上のうちの共有レセプターポリペプチドの別の1つと結合することにより、前記細胞応答を選択的に操作する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記2つまたはそれ以上の共有レセプターポリペプチドが、前記標的細胞の表面に等しく存在しない、請求項1の方法。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合される前記共有レセプターが、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合されていない前記共有レセプターよりも、前記標的細胞の表面に、より低いレベルで存在する、請求項4の方法。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合される前記共有レセプターが、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合されていない前記共有レセプターよりも、前記標的細胞の表面に、より高いレベルで存在する、請求項4の方法。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合されていない前記共有レセプターが、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドへの低減された到達性を有する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合されていない前記共有レセプターへの到達性が、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合されていない前記共有レセプターの前記到達性に干渉する反応剤を提供することにより低減される、請求項7の方法。
- 前記反応剤は、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質リガンドにより結合されていない前記共有レセプターを認識する抗体である、請求項8の方法。
- 前記共有レセプターは、共通γ鎖(γc)、またはインターロイキン‐13レセプターアルファ1(IL‐13Rα1)である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記より高い親和性は少なくとも10倍である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記より低い親和性は少なくとも5倍である、請求項3の方法。
- IL‐4変異タンパク質を含み、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質が、野生型IL‐4と比較して、共有サイトカインレセプターに結合する、より高い親和性をもたらし、前記IL‐4変異タンパク質が以下のアミノ酸置換:117R、118V、121Q、122S、124W、125F、128G、および129Aを含み、前記アミノ酸の番号付けは野生型ヒトIL‐4に従っている、組成物。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質が、野生型IL‐4と比較して、第1の共有サイトカインレセプターに結合するより高い親和性、および野生型IL‐4vと比較して、第2の共有サイトカインレセプターへの低減された親和性をもたらす請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の共有サイトカインレセプターは、前記第2の共有サイトカインレセプターよりも低いレベルで発現される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の共有サイトカインレセプターは、前記第2の共有サイトカインレセプターよりも高いレベルで発現される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記IL‐4変異タンパク質が、野生型IL‐4と比較して、第1および第2の共有サイトカインレセプターに結合するより高い親和性をもたらす、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記親和性における増加は少なくとも10倍である、請求項13から17のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記親和性における低減は少なくとも5倍である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記共有サイトカインレセプターは、共通γ鎖(γc)またはインターロイキン‐13レセプターアルファ1(IL‐13Rα1)である、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の共有サイトカインレセプターはγcであり、前記第2の共有サイトカインレセプターはIL‐13Rα1である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の共有サイトカインレセプターはIL‐13Rα1であり、前記第2の共有サイトカインレセプターはγcである、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1および第2の共有サイトカインレセプターはγcおよびIL‐13Rα1である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 必要とする対象の治療において使用するための医薬組成物であって、治療上有効量の請求項13に記載に記載の組成物を含み、必要とする対象に投与される、医薬組成物。
- 前記対象が炎症性疾患に罹っている、請求項24に記載の医薬組成物。
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CA3038533A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Variant type iii interferons and synthekines |
JP2018157812A (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-10-11 | 東ソー株式会社 | 試料中に含まれる細胞の検出方法 |
CN110582293A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-12-17 | 小利兰·斯坦福大学托管委员会 | 合成因子组合物及使用方法 |
CN113840832A (zh) | 2018-05-14 | 2021-12-24 | 狼人治疗公司 | 可活化白介素-2多肽及其使用方法 |
WO2019222294A1 (en) | 2018-05-14 | 2019-11-21 | Werewolf Therapeutics, Inc. | Activatable cytokine polypeptides and methods of use thereof |
WO2019232523A1 (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Il-13/il-4 superkines: immune cell targeting constructs and methods of use thereof |
CA3137058A1 (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-22 | Synerkine Pharma B.V. | A fusion protein comprising il13 |
SG11202112541RA (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2021-12-30 | Werewolf Therapeutics Inc | Separation moieties and methods and use thereof |
KR20220101147A (ko) | 2019-11-14 | 2022-07-19 | 웨어울프 세라퓨틱스, 인크. | 활성화가능한 사이토카인 폴리펩티드 및 이의 사용 방법 |
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US6335426B1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2002-01-01 | Bayer Corporation | T-cell selective interleukin-4 agonists |
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WO2014074186A2 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
JP2018161143A (ja) | 2018-10-18 |
EP2882449A4 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
CN104619334A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
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US10738096B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
EP2882449A2 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
IN2015KN00329A (ja) | 2015-07-10 |
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