JP6441497B2 - 燃料電池を冷却するための冷却装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池を冷却するための冷却装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 187
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 162
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Description
一般的な従来技術分野の特許文献1から、冷却回路を備えた燃料電池システムは、より詳細に公知である。上述の理由から、この冷却回路は、制御可能な冷却器バイパスを備え、そのようにして通常運転において流動性冷媒による冷却熱交換器の貫流を達成し、かつ低温始動に対して冷却熱交換器を迂回し、そのようにして燃料電池を迅速に昇温できる。その際、冷却器バイパスを通るこの「小型」冷却回路は、燃料電池熱交換器と並んで、給気冷却器及び冷却剤ポンプを含む。低温始動の場合には、燃料電池熱交換器を介して、燃料電池は、給気冷却器由来の熱により比較的迅速に昇温できる。次いで、通常運転では、給気冷却器だけではなく燃料電池もまた燃料電池熱交換器を介して冷却され、給気冷却器及び燃料電池熱交換器内の昇温された液体冷媒は、冷却熱交換器を介して冷却される。その際、一般的な従来技術分野で記載された冷却装置の構成は、根本的に2つの欠点を有する。一方では、小型冷却回路における給気冷却器及び燃料電池熱交換器の装置は、低温始動の場合に燃料電池の迅速な昇温を確かに行う。他方では、最初に給気冷却器、次いで燃料電池を貫流するそこに記載された構成は、通常運転、すなわち燃料電池に対する冷却運転に関して、冷媒が燃料電池熱交換器を流れる前に、給気冷却器を介して既に比較的大幅に昇温されるという欠点を有する。これは、燃料電池の効率的な冷却に影響を与える。更に別の非常に重大な欠点は、冷却剤ポンプを冷却の高負荷運転用に設計する必要がある点である。したがって、その冷却剤ポンプは、低温始動の場合及び小型冷却回路の運転用に過大な寸法となっており、小型冷却回路では、そこで発生する必要な体積流量及び供給量は、それに応じてより低い効率を有する。これは、特に、この状態において燃料電池の昇温のために必須の全出力が電気エネルギ貯蔵装置、例えば、バッテリから最初に発生する必要があるため、重大な欠点を意味する。したがって、この状態において、非効率な冷却剤ポンプは、設置空間及び費用に関して相当する欠点を伴う、比較的大型の電気エネルギ貯蔵装置の必要性をもたらす。特に車両における使用の場合、これは、重大な欠点を意味する。
本発明の冷却装置では、一般的な従来技術分野でのように、冷却装置が、液体冷媒が流れる流体的に互いに接続された少なくとも2つの冷却回路を備えることが同様に提供される。その際、第1の冷却回路は、第1の冷却剤ポンプ、燃料電池熱交換器、加熱装置、及び給気冷却器を含む。第2の冷却回路は、冷媒を冷却するための冷却熱交換器を含む。その際、本発明により、追加の冷却剤ポンプが利用可能であることが提供される。したがって、例えば、低温始動の場合に対して実質的に、第1の冷却回路がその冷却剤ポンプ、燃料電池熱交換器、給気冷却器、及び加熱装置により運転されるように、その構成は運転され得る。加熱装置によって、かつ燃料電池のカソード側への空気給気が開始されるとすぐに圧縮後の高温給気によって、熱は、第1の冷却回路の液体冷媒中に流入する。この第1の冷却回路は、第2の冷却回路に依存せずに運転できるため、したがって、対応する少ない熱量では、燃料電池の効率的な加熱は、圧縮給気由来の熱、及び加熱装置、例えば、電気抵抗ヒータを介してもたらされた熱を介して実現できる。第1の冷却回路が第2の冷却回路に依存せずに運転できることよって、液体冷媒の冷却は、冷却熱交換器において防止され、その結果、構成は、対応して迅速に昇温される。
Claims (9)
- 液体冷媒が流れる少なくとも2つの流体的に接続された冷却回路(16、17)を備えた燃料電池システム(2)における燃料電池(3)を冷却するための冷却装置(15)であって、第1の冷却回路(16)が、第1の冷却剤ポンプ(18)、燃料電池熱交換器(6)、加熱装置(19)、及び前記燃料電池(3)を流れる圧縮給気に熱交換接触する給気冷却器(20)を含み、第2の冷却回路(17)が、前記液体冷媒を冷却するための冷却熱交換器(23)を含む、冷却装置において、
少なくとも1つの更なる冷却剤ポンプ(22)が提供されること、及び
前記給気冷却器(20)が、前記液体冷媒の流れ方向で前記燃料電池熱交換器(6)の次に来るように配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項1に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
空間熱交換器(21)が、空間の少なくとも間接的な昇温のために前記冷却回路(16、17)の1つに提供されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項2に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
前記空間熱交換器(21)が、前記第1の冷却回路(16)に配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
前記第1の冷却回路(16)が、2つの部分回路(16.1、16.2)を備え、その両方が冷却剤ポンプ(18、22)を備え、前記空間熱交換器(21)及び前記加熱装置(19)が、同一の部分回路(16.1)に配置され、前記燃料電池熱交換器(6)が、別の部分回路(16.2)に配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項2、3、又は4に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
前記空間熱交換器(21)が、前記冷却熱交換器(23)を迂回する冷却器バイパス導管(29)に配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
少なくとも1つの加熱熱交換器(24、27)が、それに割り当てられたコンポーネント及び/又はそれを介して流れる媒体を昇温するために流れ方向で前記燃料電池熱交換器(6)が次に来るように配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項6に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
前記少なくとも1つの加熱熱交換器(24、27)が、前記燃料電池熱交換器(6)が次に来るように配置されること代えて、前記冷却剤ポンプ(18、22)を迂回するポンプバイパスに配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
イオン交換器(28)が、前記液体冷媒の流れに関して前記少なくとも1つの加熱熱交換器(24、27)に対して並列に配置されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。 - 請求項6、7、又は8に記載の冷却装置(15)であって、
前記少なくとも1つの加熱熱交換器(24、27)が、前記燃料電池(3)用の膨張燃料を加熱するために、及び/又は液体分離器(13)を加熱するために形成されることを特徴とする、冷却装置。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015003028.0A DE102015003028A1 (de) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Kühlanordnung zum Kühlen einer Brennstoffzelle |
DE102015003028.0 | 2015-03-10 | ||
PCT/EP2016/000241 WO2016142029A1 (de) | 2015-03-10 | 2016-02-12 | Kühlanordnung zum kühlen einer brennstoffzelle |
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JP2018508106A JP2018508106A (ja) | 2018-03-22 |
JP6441497B2 true JP6441497B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
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US (1) | US10541431B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3269002B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6441497B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107431221B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102015003028A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016142029A1 (ja) |
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WO2016013092A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の制御装置 |
US10655528B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2020-05-19 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Method of operating an internal combustion engine |
DE102016110964A1 (de) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Brennstoffzellen-Kühlsystem mit zwei Kühlkreisen und Verfahren zum Abschalten einer Brennstoffzelle |
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CN107431221A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
EP3269002B1 (de) | 2018-08-29 |
CN107431221B (zh) | 2020-07-24 |
DE102015003028A1 (de) | 2016-09-15 |
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WO2016142029A1 (de) | 2016-09-15 |
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