JP6400444B2 - Multi-carrier optical transmission system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a multi-carrier optical transmission system for coherently detecting a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal using a plurality of receivers and demodulating it by digital signal processing.

  As the demand for data communication increases, optical transmission networks using optical signal modulation technology and optical signal multiplexing technology that enable transmission of large-capacity traffic are becoming widespread. In particular, digital coherent technology combining coherent detection and digital signal processing technology has been widely used in ultra-high-speed transmission systems with a transmission rate per wave of 100 Gbit / s or higher.

  The DP-QPSK (Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) method, which is widely used as a modulation / demodulation method in 100 Gbit / s class long-distance optical transmission systems, generates 64 Gbit / s optical signals by using quaternary phase modulation. Furthermore, a 128 Gbit / s optical signal is generated by multiplexing two polarizations. On the receiving side, the signal coherently detected using local light having the same wavelength as that of the signal light is digitized using an analog-digital converter (A / D converter) and subjected to digital signal processing, so that the transmission path Excellent transmission characteristics are realized by performing chromatic dispersion compensation, polarization dispersion compensation, polarization separation, phase estimation, and the like. By wavelength multiplexing these DP-QPSK optical signals, an optical transmission system having a transmission capacity of several Tbit / s per fiber can be realized.

  As an approach for further increasing the capacity, a multicarrier optical transmission system for transmitting a multicarrier optical signal obtained by wavelength multiplexing a plurality of subcarrier optical signals has been proposed.

G. Gavioli, et. Al., `` Investigation of the Impact of Ultra-Narrow Carrier Spacing on the Transmission of a 10-Carrier 1Tb / s Superchannel, '' OFC / NFOEC 2010 OThD3

  In a multicarrier optical transmission system, generally, a plurality of subcarriers are generated by using a plurality of LD (Laser diode) light sources, and a transmission signal is superimposed on each subcarrier via an optical modulator to generate a multicarrier optical signal. Is generated. Since a separate signal is superimposed on each subcarrier, when a failure occurs in the LD, the transmission signal superimposed on the subcarrier generated by the LD is lost. For example, when a multicarrier optical signal is generated with 10 subcarriers, if a failure occurs in one of the LDs, one of the 10 transmission signals is lost, so the data transmission capacity is 10 % Reduction.

Here, as a method for transmitting a multicarrier optical signal without reducing the data transmission capacity even when a failure occurs in the LD, as shown in FIG. A method of superimposing the subcarrier transmission signal S _L can be considered. In this method, when a failure occurs in the LD that generates the L-th subcarrier, the transmission capacity is reduced by receiving the N + 1-th optical signal instead of the L-th optical signal. It is possible to transmit a multi-carrier optical signal. However, when a failure occurs in an LD that generates subcarriers other than the L-th wave, there is no other subcarrier that transmits a transmission signal superimposed on the subcarrier, so an attempt is made to transmit on that subcarrier. The transmitted signal that was received will be lost.

  The present invention encodes a transmission signal to be superimposed on N-wave subcarriers and superimposes them on M-wave (N <M) subcarriers, and in the case where a failure occurs in any LD that generates each subcarrier. Another object of the present invention is to provide a multicarrier optical transmission system capable of transmitting without reducing the data transmission capacity.

The present invention provides a multi-carrier optical transmission system that transmits a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal obtained by wavelength-multiplexing optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths between a transmission unit and a reception unit connected via an optical fiber transmission line. a laser light source for generating a sub-carrier of the plurality of M wavelengths, a plurality of N (N <M) transmission signal S _1, S _2, ..., a plurality treated encode S _N M pieces of encoded signals When generating C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _M , an encoding unit using an encoding matrix in which the inner product of each encoded signal in the encoding space is closest to 0, and subcarriers of each wavelength are assigned to each code. signal C _1, C _2, ..., and polarization multiplexing vector modulator in each polarization multiplexing modulation in the x polarization component and the y polarization component of C _M to generate a polarization multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength, each Light that is wavelength-division multiplexed with polarization multiplexed optical signals and sent to the optical fiber transmission line as wavelength multiplexed optical signals A receiving unit that receives the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal and demultiplexes the polarization-multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength; and the carrier optical frequency of the polarization-multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength; A coherent receiver that outputs coherent detection by inputting a local light source that outputs local light of the same optical frequency, a polarization multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength, and local light of an optical frequency equal to the carrier optical frequency, and coherent reception A digital signal processing unit that inputs M electrical signals output from the device and performs digital signal processing.

This digital signal processing unit is generated in an optical fiber transmission line for M digital signals and M A / D converters that convert M electrical signals output from the coherent receiver into digital signals. _M for outputting _M compensation signals E ₁ , E ₂ ,..., E _M that compensate for optical waveform deterioration due to chromatic dispersion and further compensate for propagation delay differences between subcarriers due to chromatic dispersion. Chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit and M compensation signals E ₁ , E ₂ ,..., E _M output from the chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit are input, polarization separation, residual dispersion compensation , Performing adaptive equalization processing including polarization mode dispersion compensation, further using CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm) as a tap update algorithm , and performing decoding corresponding to the encoding performed by the transmitter to equalize N waveforms signal _{E '1, E' 2,} ..., and outputs the E _'N N And equalization circuit of the waveform, the waveform equalized signal E outputted from the waveform equalizer _'1, E' _2, ..., estimates the carrier phase of the optical signal from the E _'N, N pieces further performed signal identification , S _N for outputting transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,.

The present invention encodes transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N to be superimposed on N-wave subcarriers by encoding M-wave (N <M) encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,. , C _M and superimposed on M-wave subcarriers. On the receiving side, when the transmission signal S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., _SN is demodulated from the reception signals for M waves in the normal state and a failure occurs in the LD that generates an arbitrary subcarrier, the failure occurs. The transmitted signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., _SN can be demodulated from the received signal excluding the subcarriers being present, and a multicarrier optical signal can be transmitted without reducing the transmission capacity.

It is a figure which shows the transmission principle of the multicarrier optical transmission system of this invention. It is a figure explaining encoding space (two-dimensional vector space). It is a figure which shows the structure of Example 1 of the multicarrier optical transmission system of this invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a digital signal processing unit 24 in the first embodiment. Coded signal C ₁ is a diagram showing a constellation of the demodulated signal in the case where a disconnection. Coded signal C ₂ is a diagram showing a constellation of the demodulated signal in the case where a disconnection. Coded signal C ₃ is a diagram showing a constellation of the demodulated signal in the case where a disconnection. It is a figure explaining encoding space (three-dimensional vector space). It is a figure which shows the structure of Example 4 of the multicarrier optical transmission system of this invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a digital signal processing unit 24 in Embodiment 4. It is a figure which shows the transmission principle of the conventional multicarrier optical transmission system.

FIG. 1 shows the transmission principle of the multicarrier optical transmission system of the present invention.
In Figure 1, the transmission signals S ₁ to be superimposed on the subcarriers of N waves, S _2, ..., a S _N, the encoded signal C ₁ of N + 1 Namibun by encoding, C _2, ..., C _{N + 1} And superimposed on N + 1 subcarriers. In this method, on the reception side, the transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N are demodulated from the reception signals for N + 1 waves at normal times. When a failure occurs in the LD that generates an arbitrary subcarrier, the transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N are demodulated from the reception signals for N waves excluding the failed subcarrier. Thus, even when a failure occurs in an arbitrary LD, a multicarrier optical signal can be transmitted without reducing the transmission capacity.

As a method for realizing encoding, there is a method using an encoding matrix. Coding matrix H, transmission signal S _1, S _2, ..., coded signal S _N C _1, C _2, ..., a is converted to _{C N + 1 (N + 1} ) × N matrix, coded signal C Any matrix whose inner product of ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} is closest to 0 can be used. At this time, the relationship among the transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N , the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} , and the encoding matrix H can be expressed by the following equation.

FIG. 3 shows the configuration of Embodiment 1 of the multicarrier optical transmission system of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, in the multicarrier optical transmission system according to the first embodiment, transmission signals S ₁ and S ₂ that should be superimposed on two sub-carriers are encoded into three encoded signals C ₁ and C _2. , C _3, and encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ are superimposed on three-wave subcarriers, respectively.

The transmission unit includes encoding units 11-1 and 11-2 that convert the transmission signals S ₁ and S ₂ into encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ and subcarriers (f ₁ , f _{2 for} three waves). , f ₃ ), and polarization multiplexed vector modulators 13-1 to 13-3 that modulate the subcarriers based on the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ , The optical multiplexer 14 wavelength-multiplexes each subcarrier optical signal.

The transmission signal is a polarization multiplexed optical signal. The transmission signals that should be superimposed on the X polarization and Y polarization of subcarrier ₁ are S _1x and S _1y , respectively. The transmission signals to be superimposed on the wave are S _2x and S _2y , respectively. Each transmission signal is represented by a complex number. The encoding unit 11-1 for the X-polarized signal generates encoded signals C _1x , C _2x , C _3x from the transmission signals S _1x , S _1y, and the encoding unit 11-2 for the Y-polarized signal transmits C _1y , C _2y , and C _3y are generated from the signals S _2x and S _{2y as} encoded signals. Coding matrix used in the coding unit 11-1, 11-2 may be a 3 × 2 matrix of arbitrary _{but, C 1x, C 2x, C} 3x and C _1y, C _2y, intersymbol interference C _3y In order to minimize, it is preferable to use an encoding matrix in which the relationship between the encoded signals in the encoding space is as close to orthogonal as possible.

The coding space in the present embodiment can be represented by a vector space based on the transmission signals S ₁ and S ₂ . In this vector space, the orthogonality of the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ can be expressed by the inner product of each encoded signal. When the inner product is 0, each encoded signal is orthogonal. As shown in FIG. 2, when the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ indicate the vertices of an equilateral triangle with the center as the origin, the inner product between the encoded signals is closest to 0. That is, a state close to orthogonal is realized. The relationship between C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ shown in FIG. 2 is point-symmetric with respect to the origin of the encoding space, and thus is not limited to the case shown in FIG. ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ may be used. In the following, for the sake of simplicity, consider the case of C ₁ = S ₁ .

The encoding matrix H ₂ that realizes the above encoding can be expressed by the following equation.

Further, the relationship between the transmission signals S ₁ and S ₂ and the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ and C ₃ is expressed by the following formula.

Further, the transmission signal S _i (i = 1, 2) and the encoded signal C _j (j = 1, 2, 3) are expressed by the following equations using vectors based on polarization.

  The receiving unit includes an optical demultiplexer 21 that separates wavelengths of each subcarrier signal, coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-3, local light sources 23-1 to 23-3, and a digital signal processing unit 24. The wavelength multiplexed optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber transmission line is demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer 21 and received by the respective coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-3. The local light sources having the same optical frequency as the subcarrier optical frequency of the optical signal received by the coherent receiver are input to the coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-3 from the local light sources 23-1 to 23-3. Then, a baseband signal based on the optical frequency of the local light is sent to the digital signal processing unit 24.

FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the digital signal processing unit 24 in the first embodiment.
In FIG. 4, the digital signal processing unit 24 includes A / D converters 1-1 to 1-3, dispersion compensation circuits 2-1 to 2-3, propagation delay difference compensation circuits 3-1 to 3-3, waveforms, and the like. Circuit 4-1 to 4-2, phase estimation circuits 5-1 to 5-2, and identification circuits 6-1 to 6-2.

The signals output from the coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-3 are composed of complex signals corresponding to orthogonal polarization states, and are sampled by the A / D converters 1-1 to 1-3. After being converted into a digital signal, the signal is input to the dispersion compensation circuits 2-1 to 2-3. Here, based on the sampling theorem, the sampling frequency fs is assumed to be larger than twice the modulation frequency of each channel. Each of the dispersion compensation circuits 2-1 to 2-3 performs dispersion compensation corresponding to the total chromatic dispersion amount of the optical fiber transmission line, and the wavelength of the optical fiber transmission line is determined by the propagation delay difference compensation circuits 3-1 to 3-3. The propagation delay difference between the subcarriers caused by the dispersion is compensated, and complex signals E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ are output. Here, as the dispersion amount compensated by each dispersion compensation circuit, the value of the total chromatic dispersion amount at the subcarrier optical frequency of the optical signal received by each coherent receiver is used.

For the complex signals E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ obtained in this way, waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-2, phase estimation circuits 5-1 to 5-2, and identification circuits 6-1 to 6-2. The following processing is performed. Here, the complex signal E _i (j = 1, 2, 3) is expressed by the following equation using a vector whose polarization is the basis.

The waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-2 are composed of FIR filters. By performing adaptive signal processing of the FIR filter by maximum likelihood estimation for each polarization component, polarization separation, residual dispersion compensation, and polarization are performed. Wave dispersion compensation and decoding of the encoded signal are realized. Here, a well-known CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm) can be used as an FIR filter tap update algorithm associated with adaptive signal processing. Assuming that the tap coefficient of each FIR filter is h _ij (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2, 3), output signals E ′ _i from the waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-2 are expressed by the following equations. expressed. Here, h _ij is a 2 × 2 matrix based on polarization.

Outputs from the waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-2 are processed by the phase estimation circuits 5-1 to 5-2 and the identification circuits 6-1 to 6-2, so that the transmission signals S ₁ of the respective channels are processed. (S _1x , S _1y ) and S ₂ (S _2x , S _2y ) are restored. Here, for example, even when a failure occurs in the LD that generates the subcarrier ₁ , it is possible to restore E ′ ₁ and E ′ ₂ from only E ₂ and E ₃ by the above processing, and as a result Transmission signals S ₁ (S _1x , S _1y ), S ₂ (S _2x , S _2y ) are obtained. This means that this embodiment realizes a 2: 1 restoration for the LD. Here, the failure to be restored is not only the LD but also the failure to subcarriers such as a modulator and a failure depending on the wavelength in the transmission path.

5 to 7 show the constellation of the demodulated signal obtained by the processing based on this embodiment. As shown in the figure, even if _one of the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ is cut off due to an LD failure or the like, the transmission signal S ₁ (S _1x , S _1y ) is _generated from the remaining two signals. , S ₂ (S _2x , S _2y ) can be confirmed to be properly demodulated.

In the multi-carrier optical transmission system according to the second embodiment, the transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ that should be superimposed on the three-wave subcarriers are encoded by the same configuration as in the first embodiment. coded signal C _1, C _2, C _3, and converted to C _4, four-wave subcarrier _{(f 1, f 2, f} 3, f 4) , the coded signal respectively C _1, C _2, C ₃ It superimposes the C _4.

Coding matrix used in the encoding unit may be a 4 × 3 matrix of arbitrary but, in order to minimize intersymbol interference _{C 1, C 2, C 3} , C 4 , each of the encoding space It is preferable to use an encoding matrix in which the relationship between encoded signals is as close to orthogonal as possible. The encoding space in the present embodiment can be represented by a vector space based on the transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ . In this vector space, the orthogonality of the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , and C ₄ can be expressed by the inner product of each encoded signal. When the inner product is 0, each encoded signal is orthogonal. As shown in FIG. 8, when the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , and C ₄ indicate the vertices of a regular tetrahedron whose center is the origin, the inner product between the encoded signals is closest to 0. That is, a state close to orthogonal is realized. The relationship between C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , and C ₄ shown in FIG. 8 is point-symmetric with respect to the origin of the coding space, and thus is not limited to the case shown in FIG. It may be C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ indicating the vertex of the body. In the following, for the sake of simplicity, consider the case of C ₁ = (S ₁ + S ₂ + S ₃ ) / √3.

The encoding matrix H ₃ that realizes the above encoding can be expressed by the following equation.

Further, the relationship between the transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ and the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ is expressed by the following equation.

Further, the transmission signal S _i (i = 1, 2, 3) and the encoded signal C _j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) are expressed by the following equations using vectors based on polarization. The

と表される。 Since the configuration of the receiving unit of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted. However, the complex signal E _j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) output from the propagation delay difference compensation circuit uses a vector based on polarization.

It is expressed.

と表される。 The waveform equalization signal E output from the waveform equalization circuit when the tap coefficient h _ij (i = 1, 2, 3, j = 1, 2, 3, 4) of the equalization filter in the waveform equalization circuit is used. ' _i , its x polarization component E' _ix and y polarization component E ' _iy (i = 1,2,3) are

It is expressed.

  Therefore, this embodiment means that the restoration configuration is 3: 1 with respect to the LD. Here, the failure to be restored is not only the LD but also the failure to subcarriers such as a modulator and a failure depending on the wavelength in the transmission path.

In the multicarrier optical transmission system according to the third embodiment, transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N that should be superimposed on N-wave subcarriers are encoded by the same configuration as in the first and second embodiments. , Converted into encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} for N + 1 waves, and encoded signals are respectively transmitted to subcarriers (f ₁ , f ₂ ,..., F _{N + 1} ) of N + 1 waves. C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} are superimposed.

Coding matrix used in the encoding unit may be a (N + 1) × N matrix of arbitrary but, in order to minimize the C _1, C _2, ..., intersymbol interference C _{N + 1} are coded space It is preferable to use an encoding matrix in which the relationship between the respective encoded signals is as close to orthogonal as possible. Coding space in this embodiment, the transmission signal S _1, S _2, ..., can be represented by a vector space with basis the S _N. In this vector space, the orthogonality of the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} can be expressed by the inner product of each encoded signal, and each encoded signal is orthogonal when the inner product is 0. . When the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} indicate the vertices of the N-dimensional positive N + 1 cell with the center as the origin, the inner product between the encoded signals is closest to 0. That is, a state close to orthogonal is realized. Since the relationship between C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} is point symmetric with respect to the origin of the coding space, C ₁ , C ₂ ,. , C _{N + 1} , the maximum orthogonality is realized regardless of C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} . Hereinafter, an encoding matrix that realizes the encoding as described above is assumed to be H _N.

Transmitting signals _{S 1, S 2, ...,} S N and the encoding signal C _1, C _2, ..., the relationship C _{N + 1} is expressed by the following equation.

Further, the transmission signal S _i (i = 1, 2,..., N) and the encoded signal C _j (j = 1, 2,..., N + 1) are expressed by the following equations using vectors based on polarization. expressed.

と表される。 Since the configuration of the receiving unit of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, the description thereof is omitted. However, the complex signal E _j j = 1, 2,..., N + 1) output from the propagation delay difference compensation circuit uses a vector based on polarization.

It is expressed.

と表される。 Waveform equalization output from the waveform equalization circuit when tap coefficients h _ij (i = 1, 2,..., N, j = 1, 2,..., N + 1) of the equalization filter in the waveform equalization circuit The signal E ′ _i , its x polarization component E ′ _ix and y polarization component E ′ _iy (i = 1, 2,..., N) are

It is expressed.

  Therefore, this embodiment means that the restoration configuration is N: 1 with respect to the LD. Here, the failure to be restored is not only the LD but also the failure to subcarriers such as a modulator and a failure depending on the wavelength in the transmission path.

FIG. 9 shows the configuration of Embodiment 4 of the multicarrier optical transmission system of the present invention.
In FIG. 9, in the multicarrier optical transmission system, transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N that should be superimposed on N-wave subcarriers are encoded by the same configuration as in the first to third embodiments. Are converted into encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _M for M (M> N) waves, and encoded into M-wave subcarriers (f ₁ , f ₂ ,..., F _M ), respectively. Signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., _CM are superimposed. The first embodiment is a case where N = 2 and M = 3, the second embodiment is a case where N = 3 and M = 4, and the third embodiment is a case where M = N + 1.

Transmission unit, the transmission signal S _1, S ₂ ..., coded signal _{S N C 1, C 2,} ..., an encoding unit 11-1 and 11-2 for converting the C _M, M Namibun subcarriers _{(f 1, f 2, ...} , f M) and LD12-1~12-M to produce a coded signal C ₁ of each subcarrier, C _2, ..., polarization multiplexing vector modulation based on C _M Modulators 13-1 to 13-M and an optical multiplexer 14 that wavelength-multiplexes each subcarrier optical signal.

The transmission signal is a polarization multiplexed optical signal, and transmission signals that should be superimposed on the X polarization and Y polarization of subcarrier n are S _ix , S _iy (i = 1, 2,..., N), respectively. . Each transmission signal is represented by a complex number. The encoding unit 11-1 for the X polarization signal generates the encoded signal C _jx (j = 1, 2,..., M) from the transmission signal S _ix, and the encoding unit 11-2 for the Y polarization signal Then, C _jy is generated from the transmission signal S _iy . Coding matrix used in the coding unit 11-1, 11-2 may be M × N matrix of arbitrary but, in order to minimize intersymbol interference C _jx and C _jy is in the coding space It is preferable to use an encoding matrix H _MN such that the relationship between the encoded signals is as close to orthogonal as possible.

Transmitting signals _{S 1, S 2 ..., S} N and the encoding signal C _1, C _2, ..., the relationship C _M is expressed by the following equation.

Further, the transmission signal S _i (i = 1, 2,..., N) and the encoded signal C _j (j = 1, 2,..., M) are expressed by the following equations using vectors based on polarization. expressed.

  The receiving unit includes an optical demultiplexer 21 that separates wavelengths of the subcarrier signals, coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-M, local light sources 23-1 to 23-M, and a digital signal processing unit 24. The wavelength multiplexed optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber transmission line is demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer 21 and received by the respective coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-M. Each of the coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-M receives local light from the local light sources 23-1 to 23-M having the same optical frequency as the subcarrier optical frequency of the optical signal received by the coherent receiver. Then, a baseband signal based on the optical frequency of the local light is sent to the digital signal processing unit 24.

FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of the digital signal processing unit 24 in the fourth embodiment.
In FIG. 10, the digital signal processing unit 24 includes A / D converters 1-1 to 1-M, dispersion compensation circuits 2-1 to 2-M, propagation delay difference compensation circuits 3-1 to 3-M, waveforms, and the like. Circuit 4-1 to 4-N, phase estimation circuits 5-1 to 5-N, and identification circuits 6-1 to 6-N.

The signals output from the coherent receivers 22-1 to 22-M are composed of complex signals corresponding to orthogonal polarization states, and are sampled by the A / D converters 1-1 to 1-M. Is converted to a digital signal and then input to the dispersion compensation circuits 2-1 to 2-M. Here, based on the sampling theorem, the sampling frequency fs is assumed to be greater than twice the modulation frequency of each channel. Each of the dispersion compensation circuits 2-1 to 2-M performs dispersion compensation corresponding to the total chromatic dispersion amount of the optical fiber transmission line, and the propagation delay difference compensation circuits 3-1 to 3-M cause the wavelength of the optical fiber transmission line. The propagation delay difference between the subcarriers caused by the dispersion is compensated, and complex signals E _{1 to} E _M are output. Here, as the dispersion amount compensated by each dispersion compensation circuit, the value of the total chromatic dispersion amount at the subcarrier optical frequency of the optical signal received by each coherent receiver is used.

For the complex signals E _{1 to} E _M obtained in this way, the waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-N, the phase estimation circuits 5-1 to 5-N, and the discrimination circuits 6-1 to 6-N Process. Here, the complex signal E _j (j = 1, 2,..., M) is expressed by the following equation using a vector whose polarization is the basis.

The waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-N are composed of FIR filters. By performing adaptive signal processing of the FIR filter by maximum likelihood estimation for each polarization component, polarization separation, residual dispersion compensation, and polarization are performed. Wave dispersion compensation and decoding of the encoded signal are realized. Here, a well-known CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm) can be used as an FIR filter tap update algorithm associated with adaptive signal processing. Assuming that the tap coefficients of the FIR filters are h _ij (i = 1 to N, j = 1 to M), output signals E ′ _i (i = 1, 2, N) from the waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-N. ..., N) is represented by the following equation. Here, h _ij is a 2 × 2 matrix based on polarization.

Outputs from the waveform equalization circuits 4-1 to 4-N are processed by the phase estimation circuits 5-1 to 5-N and the identification circuits 6-1 to 6-N, so that the transmission signals S ₁ of the respective channels are processed. (S _1x , S _1y ) to S _N (S _Nx , S _Ny ) are restored. Here, even if a failure occurs in MN LDs among the M LDs that generate each subcarrier, only E ′ _{1 to} E ′ _N from the remaining signals that can be received by the above processing. As a result, transmission signals S ₁ (S _1x , S _1y ) to S _N (S _Nx , S _Ny ) are obtained. This means that the present embodiment realizes N: (MN) restoration for the LD. Here, the failure to be restored is not only the LD but also the failure to subcarriers such as a modulator and a failure depending on the wavelength in the transmission path.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 A / D converter 2 Dispersion compensation circuit 3 Propagation delay difference compensation circuit 4 Waveform equalization circuit 5 Phase estimation circuit 6 Identification circuit 11 Encoding part 12 LD light source 13 Polarization multiplexing vector modulator 14 Optical multiplexer 21 Optical demultiplexing 22 Coherent receiver 23 Local light source 24 Digital signal processor

Claims (6)

In a multi-carrier optical transmission system for transmitting a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal obtained by wavelength-multiplexing optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths between a transmission unit and a reception unit connected via an optical fiber transmission line,
The transmitter is
A laser light source that generates subcarriers of a plurality of M wavelengths;
Transmission signal S _1, S ₂ of the plurality of N (N <M), ..., coded signals plurality of M by processing coded _{S N C 1, C 2,} ..., when generating the C _M, An encoding unit that uses an encoding matrix in which the inner product of each encoded signal in the encoding space is closest to 0 ;
Wherein each said sub-carrier wavelengths each coded signal C _1, C _2, ..., generates a polarization multiplexed optical signal x polarization component and the polarization respectively y polarization components multiplexed modulated and the wavelength of the C _M A polarization multiplexed vector modulator,
An optical multiplexer that wavelength-multiplexes the polarization multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength and sends the wavelength multiplexed optical signal to the optical fiber transmission line;
The receiver is
An optical demultiplexer for inputting the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal and wavelength-separating the polarization multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength;
A local light source that outputs local light having an optical frequency equal to the carrier optical frequency of the polarization multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength;
A coherent receiver that performs coherent detection by inputting the polarization multiplexed optical signal of each wavelength and the local light having an optical frequency equal to the carrier optical frequency;
A digital signal processing unit that performs digital signal processing by inputting M electrical signals output from the coherent receiver;
The digital signal processor is
M A / D converters that convert the M electrical signals output from the coherent receiver into digital signals;
The M digital signals are compensated for optical waveform degradation caused by chromatic dispersion generated in the optical fiber transmission line, and further compensated for propagation delay difference between subcarriers caused by chromatic dispersion. compensation signal E _1, E _2, and ..., and M chromatic dispersion-propagation delay difference compensating circuit for outputting E _M,
M equalization signals E ₁ , E ₂ ,..., E _M output from the chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit are input, and adaptive equalization including polarization separation, residual dispersion compensation, and polarization mode dispersion compensation The processing is performed, and further, CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm) is used as a tap update algorithm, and decoding corresponding to the encoding performed in the transmission unit is performed, so that N waveform equalized signals E ′ ₁ , E ′ ₂ ,. , E ′ _N to output N waveform equalization circuits,
.., E ′ _N which estimates the carrier phase of the optical signal from the waveform equalization signals E ′ ₁ , E ′ ₂ ,..., E ′ _N output from the waveform equalization circuit, and further performs signal identification to perform the N transmission signals S. A multi-carrier optical transmission system comprising: a phase estimation / identification circuit that outputs ₁ , S ₂ ,..., S _N. The multicarrier optical transmission system according to claim 1,
Coding matrix used by the encoding unit, the encoded signal C _1, C _2, ..., the inner product of C _M is closest M × N matrix 0 and H _MN, the transmission signals S _1, S _2, ..., S _N and the coded signal _{C 1, C 2, ...,} C M is

And using a vector based on polarization

A multi-carrier optical transmission system characterized by The multicarrier optical transmission system according to claim 1,
The M compensation signals E _j output from the chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit use a vector based on polarization.

When the tap coefficients h _ij (i = 1, 2,..., N, j = 1, 2,..., M) of the equalization filter in the waveform equalization circuit are expressed by the waveform equalization circuit. The output N waveform equalization signals E ′ _i , the x polarization component E ′ _ix and the y polarization component E ′ _iy (i = 1, 2,..., N) are

The multi-carrier optical transmission system is characterized in that N: (MN) restoration is realized for a failure caused by each subcarrier. The multicarrier optical transmission system according to claim 1,
When N = 2 and M = 3, the encoding matrix H ₂ used in the encoding unit is

The transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ and the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ are

And using a vector based on polarization

And
The compensation signal E _j (j = 1, 2, 3) output from the chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit uses a vector based on polarization.

And the waveform equalization output from the waveform equalization circuit when the tap coefficient h _ij (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2, 3) of the equalization filter in the waveform equalization circuit is used. The signal E ′ _i , its x polarization component E ′ _ix and y polarization component E ′ _iy (i = 1, 2) is

The multi-carrier optical transmission system is characterized in that 2: 1 restoration is realized for the failure caused by each subcarrier. The multicarrier optical transmission system according to claim 1,
When N = 3 and M = 4, the encoding matrix H ₃ used in the encoding unit is

The transmission signals S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ and the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ are

And using a vector based on polarization

And
The digital signal E _j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) output from the chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit uses a vector based on polarization.

When the tap coefficient h _ij (i = 1, 2, 3, j = 1, 2, 3, 4) of the equalization filter in the waveform equalization circuit is output from the waveform equalization circuit. Waveform equalization signal E ′ _i , its x polarization component E ′ _ix and y polarization component E ′ _iy (i = 1, 2, 3)

The multi-carrier optical transmission system is characterized in that 3: 1 restoration is realized with respect to a failure caused by each of the subcarriers. The multicarrier optical transmission system according to claim 1,
When M = N + 1, the encoding matrix H _N used in the encoding unit is such that the encoded signals C ₁ , C ₂ ,..., C _{N + 1} are transmitted signals S ₁ , S _{2 ,.} the apex of the N-dimensional positive N + 1 reticulum with the origin centered at the N-dimensional vector space as a base of a finger to vector,
The transmission signal _{S 1, S 2, ...,} S N and the coded signal _{C 1, C 2, ...,} C N + 1 is

And using a vector based on polarization

And
The digital signal E _j (j = 1, 2,..., N + 1) output from the chromatic dispersion / propagation delay difference compensation circuit uses a vector based on polarization.

When the tap coefficients h _ij (i = 1, 2,..., N, j = 1, 2,..., N + 1) of the equalization filter in the waveform equalization circuit are expressed by the waveform equalization circuit. The output waveform equalization signal E ′ _i , its x polarization component E ′ _ix and y polarization component E ′ _iy (i = 1, 2,..., N) are

The multi-carrier optical transmission system is characterized in that N: 1 restoration is realized against a failure caused by each subcarrier.

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