JP6364396B2 - Power storage device, transport device and control method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power storage device including a plurality of power storage devices, a transport device, and a control method.

  Patent Document 1 describes a power supply system that can estimate the SOC (State Of Charge) of a secondary battery even when the vehicle is running. This power supply system includes two secondary batteries, two converters, a converter ECU, and a battery ECU. The converter ECU controls the two converters to charge or discharge one of the two secondary batteries at a constant current and charge / discharge the other secondary battery according to the power requirement of the driving force generation unit. . The battery ECU estimates the SOC of the secondary battery based on the voltage of the secondary battery that is charged or discharged with a constant current.

JP 2008-276970 A

  In the power supply system described in Patent Document 1, the SOC of the secondary battery is estimated based on the voltage of the secondary battery that is being charged or discharged at a constant current. However, the temperature of the secondary battery that affects the estimation accuracy of the SOC. Is not considered. However, since the charge / discharge capacity and internal resistance useful as parameters for estimating the SOC of the secondary battery vary depending on the temperature, the secondary battery at the time of estimation is used to accurately determine the state of the secondary battery. A predetermined temperature is desirable.

  Moreover, in the power supply system described in Patent Document 1, the secondary battery that estimates the SOC is controlled by one converter, and the SOC of the secondary battery is charged based on the voltage of the secondary battery that is charged or discharged at a constant current. Since the other secondary battery is charged / discharged according to the power requirement of the driving force generator by controlling the other converter, two converters are used to estimate the SOC of one secondary battery. Need to control. Therefore, there is a possibility that the electric power required for estimating the SOC may increase, and as a result, the SOC cannot be estimated frequently.

  Furthermore, as described above, since this power supply system requires two converters, the power supply system in which a converter is provided only in one secondary battery cannot estimate the SOC of one secondary battery by this method.

  Furthermore, since the other secondary battery is charged and discharged according to the power requirement of the driving force generation unit by controlling the other converter, the SOC of the other secondary battery cannot be estimated.

  Further, there is an optimum value for the constant current of charging or discharging for estimating the state of the secondary battery such as SOC. However, in the power supply system described in Patent Document 1, the amount of current that can be charged / discharged by the other secondary battery that is charged / discharged according to the power requirement of the driving force generator depends on the SOC, internal resistance, deterioration state, and the like. Because of this limitation, there is an indirect restriction on the value of the constant current of one of the secondary batteries, and the SOC cannot always be estimated with the optimum value, so there is room for improvement in accuracy.

  In addition, the accurate state of the secondary battery cannot be determined only by the SOC. For this reason, in the power supply system of patent document 1, the state of two secondary batteries cannot be determined correctly.

  The objective of this invention is providing the electrical storage apparatus which can determine the state of two electrical storage devices correctly, transport equipment, and a control method.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1
A first battery (for example, a high-capacity battery ES-E or a high-power battery ES-P in an embodiment described later);
A second battery (for example, a high-power battery ES-P or a high-capacity battery ES-E in an embodiment described later);
A converter (for example, VCUs 101 and 201 in the embodiments described later) that boosts or steps down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit that detects a voltage of the first capacitor and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor (for example, the voltage sensor 103p or the voltage sensor 103e and the current sensor 105p in the embodiment described later) / And current sensor 105e),
An acquisition unit (for example, a temperature sensor 107p and a temperature sensor 107e in an embodiment described later) for acquiring the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A power storage device including a control unit (for example, ECU 109 in an embodiment described later) that controls the conversion unit,
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. The first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit is performed, and the state of the first capacitor is determined based on the voltage and the constant current of the first capacitor obtained when the first constant current control is performed. It is a power storage device that calculates resistance.

The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1,
The controller is
The amount of change in the storage capacity of the first capacitor according to the open circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained before and after performing the first constant current control, and the flow that occurred when the first constant current control was performed The capacity of the first battery is calculated based on the amount of constant current.

In the invention according to claim 3, in the invention according to claim 1 or 2,
The controller is
The open circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained before or after the first constant current control, the closed circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained during the first constant current control, and the constant current. Based on this, the internal resistance of the first capacitor is calculated .
The invention according to claim 4 is the power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The controller is
When the vehicle is stopped, the first constant current control and the conversion unit are controlled so that a constant current flows from the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Second constant current control to perform,
The capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor is calculated based on the voltage of the first capacitor and the constant current obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed.

In the invention according to claim 5 , in the invention according to claim 4 ,
The controller is
The amount of change in the storage capacity of the first capacitor according to the open circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained before and after performing the second constant current control, and the flow that occurred when the second constant current control was performed The capacity of the first battery is calculated based on the amount of constant current.

In the invention according to claim 6 , in the invention according to claim 4 or 5 ,
The controller is
The open circuit voltage of the first battery obtained before or after the second constant current control, the closed circuit voltage of the first battery obtained during the second constant current control, and the constant current. Based on this, the internal resistance of the first capacitor is calculated .

The invention described in claim 7
A first battery (for example, a high-capacity battery ES-E or a high-power battery ES-P in an embodiment described later);
A second battery (for example, a high-power battery ES-P or a high-capacity battery ES-E in an embodiment described later);
A converter (for example, VCUs 101 and 201 in the embodiments described later) that boosts or steps down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit that detects each voltage of the first capacitor and the second capacitor and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor (for example, a voltage sensor 103p and a voltage sensor in an embodiment described later) 103e and current sensor 105p or / and current sensor 105e),
An acquisition unit (for example, a temperature sensor 107p and a temperature sensor 107e in an embodiment described later) for acquiring each temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A power storage device including a control unit (for example, ECU 109 in an embodiment described later) that controls the conversion unit,
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. A first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit; and a second constant for controlling the conversion unit so that a constant current flows from the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Constant current control, each voltage of the first battery and the first constant current control obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. And the second constant current control is performed. And calculating the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor based on each constant current flowing when the first constant current control is performed and when the second constant current control is performed. 2. A power storage device that calculates a capacity or an internal resistance of the second capacitor based on each voltage of the two capacitors and each constant current that flows when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed It is.

In the invention according to claim 8 , in the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The controller is configured to charge and discharge between the first capacitor and the second capacitor by controlling the conversion unit, so that each temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. Raise to temperature.

In the invention according to claim 9 , in the invention according to claim 8 ,
The charge / discharge performed between the first capacitor and the second capacitor is an alternate charge / discharge in which the relationship between the discharge and charge of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is alternately switched.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is a transportation device including the power storage device according to any one of the first to ninth aspects.

The invention according to claim 11
A first battery (for example, a high-capacity battery ES-E or a high-power battery ES-P in an embodiment described later);
A second battery (for example, a high-power battery ES-P or a high-capacity battery ES-E in an embodiment described later);
A converter (for example, VCUs 101 and 201 in the embodiments described later) that boosts or steps down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit that detects a voltage of the first capacitor and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor (for example, the voltage sensor 103p or the voltage sensor 103e and the current sensor 105p in the embodiment described later) / And current sensor 105e),
An acquisition unit (for example, a temperature sensor 107p and a temperature sensor 107e in an embodiment described later) for acquiring each temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A control method performed by a power storage device including a control unit (for example, ECU 109 in an embodiment described later) that controls the conversion unit,
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. The first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit is performed, and the state of the first capacitor is determined based on the voltage and the constant current of the first capacitor obtained when the first constant current control is performed. This is a control method for calculating resistance.

The invention according to claim 12
A first battery (for example, a high-capacity battery ES-E or a high-power battery ES-P in an embodiment described later);
A second battery (for example, a high-power battery ES-P or a high-capacity battery ES-E in an embodiment described later);
A converter (for example, VCUs 101 and 201 in the embodiments described later) that boosts or steps down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit that detects each voltage of the first capacitor and the second capacitor and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor (for example, a voltage sensor 103p and a voltage sensor in an embodiment described later) 103e and current sensor 105p or / and current sensor 105e),
An acquisition unit (for example, a temperature sensor 107p and a temperature sensor 107e in an embodiment described later) for acquiring the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A control method performed by a power storage device including a control unit (for example, ECU 109 in an embodiment described later) that controls the conversion unit,
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. A first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit; and a second constant for controlling the conversion unit so that a constant current flows from the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Constant current control, each voltage of the first battery and the first constant current control obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. And the second constant current control is performed. And calculating the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor based on each constant current flowing when the first constant current control is performed and when the second constant current control is performed. 2. A control method for calculating a capacity or an internal resistance of the second capacitor based on each voltage of the two capacitors and each constant current that flows when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. It is.

According to the invention of claim 1, the invention of claim 10 , and the invention of claim 11 , before calculating the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor based on the parameter obtained when the first constant current control is performed. If the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than the threshold value, after the first capacitor and the second capacitor are heated, the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are higher than the threshold value. The first constant current control and the capacity or internal resistance of the first battery are calculated . If the same first constant current control is performed with the current flow between the first capacitor and the second capacitor reversed, the capacity or internal resistance of the second capacitor can also be calculated . As described above, since the first constant current control and the calculation of the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor or the second capacitor are performed in a desired temperature environment, the first capacitor obtained when the first constant current control is performed. Or the detection accuracy of the voltage of the second capacitor is extremely high. Therefore, the capacity or internal resistance of the two capacitors can be calculated very accurately .

In addition, the first constant current control obtained by performing the first constant current control by performing the first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit so that a constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other is performed. Since the capacity or internal resistance of the first battery is calculated based on the voltage and constant current of the battery, the capacity or internal resistance of the first battery can be calculated with only one conversion unit. Furthermore, if the same first constant current control is performed with the constant current flow reversed, the capacity or internal resistance of the second capacitor can be calculated . In addition, since the first constant current control is performed by charging and discharging with a constant current between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, there is an indirect restriction on the constant current based on the required driving force as in Patent Document 1 described above. In addition, the voltage detection accuracy of the first battery obtained when the first constant current control is performed is extremely high. Therefore, the capacity or internal resistance of the two capacitors can be calculated very accurately.

According to the invention of claim 2, the capacity of the first capacitor based on the detected accurate voltage of the first capacitor obtained when performing the first constant current control can be calculated.

According to the invention of claim 3, the internal resistance of the first capacitor can be calculated based on the voltage with high detection accuracy of the first capacitor obtained when the first constant current control is performed.
According to the invention of claim 4, by performing the first constant current control and the second constant current control for the first capacitor, the SOC of each battery is changed to the SOC before the first constant current control. Since the values are close to each other, deterioration of each battery can be suppressed, and since both charging and discharging are used, the voltage of the first capacitor can be obtained with higher accuracy. Therefore, the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor can be calculated more accurately .

According to the invention of claim 5 , both the charge capacity and the discharge capacity of the first capacitor are based on the voltage of the first capacitor obtained when performing the second constant current control as well as the first constant current control. Since it is calculated, the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor can be calculated more accurately .

According to the invention of claim 6 , based on the voltage of the first capacitor obtained when performing not only the first constant current control but also the second constant current control, the internal resistance against the charge of the first capacitor and the internal to the discharge Since the resistance is calculated, the internal resistance of the first capacitor can be calculated more accurately.

According to the invention of claim 7, the invention of claim 10 , and claim 12 , the capacities of the first capacitor and the second capacitor based on parameters obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. Alternatively , if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor before calculating the internal resistance is equal to or lower than the threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased after the first capacitor and the second capacitor are heated. In a state higher than the threshold value, the first constant current control and the second constant current control, and the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are calculated . As described above, the first constant current control and the second constant current control, and the calculation of the capacities or internal resistances of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are performed under a desired temperature environment. (2) The detection accuracy of the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the second capacitor obtained when performing the constant current control is extremely high. Therefore, the capacity or internal resistance of the two capacitors can be calculated very accurately.

In addition, by performing constant current control for controlling the converter so that a constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other, the voltage of the first capacitor obtained when this constant current control is performed based on constant current, and calculates the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor, and the voltage of the second capacitor obtained when performing the identified current control and on the basis of the constant current, the capacity or the internal resistance of the second capacitor In order to calculate , the capacity | capacitance or internal resistance of a 1st electrical storage device and a 2nd electrical storage device can be calculated simultaneously by only one conversion part. In addition, since constant current control is performed by charging and discharging with a constant current between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, an indirect restriction is not added to the constant current based on the required driving force as in Patent Document 1 described above. The detection accuracy of the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the second capacitor obtained when the constant current control is performed is extremely high. Therefore, the capacity or internal resistance of the two capacitors can be calculated very accurately.
Further, by performing both the first constant current control and the second constant current control for the first capacitor, the voltage of the first capacitor has a more accurate value because both charging and discharging are used. can get. Therefore, the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor can be calculated more accurately.

According to the invention of claim 8 , the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor can be increased without using an electrical component such as a heater. As a result, an increase in power consumption rate, cost, and size of the power storage device due to the use of the electrical component can be suppressed.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, even when charging / discharging between the first capacitor and the second capacitor for increasing the temperature, the relationship between the discharge and the charge is alternately switched, so that the first capacitor and the second capacitor are The storage capacity does not change significantly.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle equipped with a power storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the capacity degradation coefficient with respect to SOC of a high output type battery. It is a figure which shows the flow of the charging / discharging electric current between the high capacity | capacitance type battery and high output type battery which are performing alternate charging / discharging. It is an electric circuit diagram which shows the relationship between a high capacity | capacitance type battery, a high output type battery, VCU, PDU, and a motor generator. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process at the time of ECU performing constant current control and determining each state of a high capacity | capacitance type battery and a high output type battery. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the subroutine (constant current control) performed by step S107 shown in FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing of a subroutine (battery temperature rise control) performed in step S105 shown in FIG. 5. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing of a subroutine (battery temperature rise control) performed in step S105 shown in FIG. 5. It is a figure which shows the relationship between OCV of a high capacity | capacitance type battery and a high output type battery, and electrical storage capacity. It is a figure which shows the flow of the constant electric current from the high capacity type battery at the time of constant current control to the high output type battery. It is a figure which shows the flow of the constant current from the high output type battery at the time of constant current control to the high capacity type battery. (A) is a figure which shows the change of SOC of each battery in case constant current flows from a high capacity | capacitance type battery to a high output type battery at the time of constant current control, and calculation of charging / discharging capacity | capacitance and internal resistance, (b) ) Is a diagram showing a change in SOC of each battery and calculation of charge / discharge capacity and internal resistance when a constant current flows from the high-power battery to the high-capacity battery during constant current control. It is a figure which shows the table which ECU refers when determining whether electric power supply is performed or alternating charge / discharge is performed. It is a figure which shows the suitable range of SOC of a high output type battery, and the pattern of alternating charging / discharging. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the electric vehicle carrying the electrical storage apparatus of other embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle equipped with a power storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention. A thick solid line in FIG. 1 indicates mechanical connection, a double dotted line indicates power wiring, and a thin solid line indicates a control signal. The 1MOT type electric vehicle shown in FIG. 1 includes a motor generator (MG) 11, a PDU (Power Drive Unit) 13, and a power storage device 100 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, each component provided in the electric vehicle will be described.

  Motor generator 11 is driven by electric power supplied from power storage device 100 to generate power for running the electric vehicle. Torque generated by the motor generator 11 is transmitted to the drive wheels W via a gear box GB and a differential gear D including a shift stage or a fixed stage. The motor generator 11 operates as a generator when the electric vehicle is decelerated, and outputs the braking force of the electric vehicle. Note that regenerative electric power generated by operating motor generator 11 as a generator is stored in a battery included in power storage device 100.

  The PDU 13 converts a DC voltage into an AC voltage and supplies a three-phase current to the motor generator 11. Further, the PDU 13 converts an AC voltage input during the regenerative operation of the motor generator 11 into a DC voltage.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage device 100 includes a high-capacity battery ES-E, a high-power battery ES-P, a VCU (Voltage Control Unit) 101, voltage sensors 103p and 103e, a current sensor 105p, 105e, temperature sensors 107p and 107e, a vehicle speed sensor 108, a switch unit 111, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 109.

  The high-capacity battery ES-E has a plurality of storage cells such as a lithium ion battery and a nickel metal hydride battery, and supplies high voltage power to the motor generator 11. The high-power battery ES-P also has a plurality of power storage cells such as lithium ion batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries, and supplies high voltage power to the motor generator 11 via the VCU 101. The high output battery ES-P is connected to the PDU 13 in parallel with the high capacity battery ES-E via the VCU 101. In general, the voltage of the high-power battery ES-P is lower than the voltage of the high-capacity battery ES-E. Therefore, the power of the high-power battery ES-P is boosted to the same level as the voltage of the high-capacity battery ES-E by the VCU 101 and then supplied to the motor generator 11 via the PDU 13.

  Note that the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are not limited to the secondary batteries such as the nickel hydride battery and the lithium ion battery described above. For example, a capacitor or capacitor capable of charging and discharging a large amount of power in a short time, although having a small chargeable capacity, may be used as the high-power battery ES-P.

  Further, the characteristics of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the characteristics of the high-power battery ES-P are different from each other. The high-capacity battery ES-E has a lower output weight density but a higher energy weight density than the high-power battery ES-P. On the other hand, the high-power battery ES-P has a lower energy weight density but a higher output weight density than the high-capacity battery ES-E. Thus, the high-capacity battery ES-E is relatively excellent in terms of energy weight density, and the high-power battery ES-P is relatively excellent in terms of output weight density. The energy weight density is the amount of power per unit weight (Wh / kg), and the output weight density is the power per unit weight (W / kg). Therefore, the high-capacity battery ES-E having an excellent energy weight density is a capacitor mainly for high capacity, and the high-power battery ES-P having an excellent output weight density is mainly intended for high output. It is a capacitor.

  The difference in characteristics between the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is caused by various parameters determined by the structure and material of the battery components such as electrodes, active materials, and electrolytes / liquids. To do. For example, the chargeable capacity, which is a parameter indicating the total amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged, is superior to the high-capacity battery ES-E than the high-power battery ES-P, while the chargeable / dischargeable deterioration resistance of the chargeable capacity The high-power battery ES-P is superior to the high-capacity battery ES-E in terms of the internal resistance (impedance), which is a parameter indicating the C-rate characteristic, which is a parameter indicating the electric resistance, and the electric resistance value with respect to charging and discharging.

  Further, the high-capacity battery ES-E has a small variation in the capacity deterioration coefficient with respect to the storage capacity (SOC: State of Charge, also referred to as “remaining capacity”), and greatly deteriorates in the full charge voltage and the discharge end voltage. There is nothing. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the high-power battery ES-P has a large capacity deterioration coefficient with respect to the SOC and a small capacity deterioration coefficient in the intermediate SOC, but the capacity deterioration coefficient in the SOC other than the intermediate area is large. Further, in the region where the SOC is lower and the region where the SOC is higher than the intermediate region of the high-power battery ES-P, the region where the increase rate of the capacity deterioration coefficient when the SOC is away from the intermediate region is higher.

  The VCU 101 boosts the output voltage of the high-power battery ES-P while maintaining a direct current. The VCU 101 steps down the electric power generated by the motor generator 11 and converted into direct current when the electric vehicle is decelerated. Further, the VCU 101 steps down the output voltage of the high capacity battery ES-E while maintaining a direct current. The power stepped down by the VCU 101 is charged into the high-power battery ES-P. Note that the ECU 109 controls the voltage level or current level of the DC power output from the VCU 101.

  The voltage sensor 103p detects the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P. A signal indicating the voltage Vp detected by the voltage sensor 103p is sent to the ECU 109. The voltage sensor 103e detects the voltage Ve of the high capacity battery ES-E. The voltage Ve detected by the voltage sensor 103e is equal to a value obtained by boosting the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P by the VCU 101. A signal indicating the voltage Ve detected by the voltage sensor 103e is sent to the ECU 109.

  The current sensor 105p detects the input / output current Ip of the high-power battery ES-P. A signal indicating the input / output current Ip detected by the current sensor 105p is sent to the ECU 109. The current sensor 105e detects the input / output current Ie of the high-capacity battery ES-E. A signal indicating the input / output current Ie detected by the current sensor 105e is sent to the ECU 109.

  The temperature sensor 107p detects the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P. A signal indicating the temperature Tp detected by the temperature sensor 107p is sent to the ECU 109. The temperature sensor 107e detects the temperature Te of the high capacity battery ES-E. A signal indicating the temperature Te detected by the temperature sensor 107e is sent to the ECU 109.

  The vehicle speed sensor 108 detects a traveling speed (vehicle speed) VP of the electric vehicle. A signal indicating the vehicle speed VP detected by the vehicle speed sensor 108 is sent to the ECU 109.

  The switch unit 111 includes a contactor MCe that connects and disconnects the current path from the high-capacity battery ES-E to the PDU 13 or the VCU 101, and a contactor MCp that connects and disconnects the current path from the high-power battery ES-P to the VCU 101. Each contactor MCe, MCp is opened and closed under the control of the ECU 109.

  The ECU 109 controls the PDU 13 and the VCU 101 and controls the opening / closing of the switch unit 111. ECU 109 also determines the traveling state of the electric vehicle based on vehicle speed VP indicated by the signal obtained from vehicle speed sensor 108. The ECU 109 uses a current integration method and / or an OCV (open circuit voltage) estimation method based on the voltages detected by the voltage sensors 103p and 103e and the input / output currents detected by the current sensors 105p and 105e. Each SOC of the ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is derived.

  Further, the ECU 109 performs power distribution control using the VCU 101 so as to make use of the characteristics of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P having different characteristics. If this power distribution control is performed, the high-capacity battery ES-E is used to supply constant power to the motor generator 11 when the electric vehicle is traveling, and the high-power battery ES-P is used for the electric vehicle. It is used to supply electric power to the motor generator 11 when a large driving force is required for traveling. The regenerative power generated by the motor generator 11 is preferentially input to the high-power battery ES-P. Accordingly, the SOC of the high-capacity battery ES-E is set as a use range over the entire range from 0% to 100%, and continuously decreases as the vehicle travels. On the other hand, the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P is set, for example, as a substantially intermediate range of 40% to 70% as a use range, and fluctuates in the vicinity so as to maintain a predetermined intermediate value belonging to this intermediate range.

Further, the ECU 109 is configured such that when the electric vehicle is stopped, the high-capacity battery ES- is in a state where the temperature Te of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P are higher than the threshold values. The constant current control for controlling the VCU 101 is performed so that a constant current flows from one of the E and the high output type battery ES-P to the other, and the voltage of the high capacity battery ES-E obtained when the constant current control is performed. Each state of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is determined based on the voltage Vp of the Ve and the high-power battery ES-P and the constant current that flows when the constant current control is performed. To do.

  Further, the ECU 109 determines that the temperature Te of the high-capacity battery ES-E or the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P before performing the above-described constant current control and state determination of each battery is equal to or less than a threshold value. Then, the VCU 101 is controlled to perform “power supply” for supplying power from one battery to the other battery in order to raise the temperature of the battery. In particular, if the temperature Te of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P are both equal to or less than the threshold values, the ECU 109 determines that the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES The VCU 101 is controlled so as to perform “alternate charge / discharge” shown in FIG. 3 for alternately charging / discharging between −P to raise the temperature of the battery. Hereinafter, the control performed by the ECU 109 for increasing the temperature of the battery is referred to as “battery temperature increase control”.

  FIG. 4 is an electric circuit diagram showing the relationship among the high-capacity battery ES-E, the high-power battery ES-P, the VCU 101, the PDU 13, and the motor generator 11. As shown in FIG. 4, the VCU 101 boosts and outputs the voltage of the high-power battery ES-P by switching on and off the two switching elements using the output voltage of the high-power battery ES-P as an input voltage. To do. If the upper arm switching element is turned on and the lower arm switching element is turned off without performing the on / off switching operation of these two switching elements, the high output type battery ES-P is replaced with the high capacity type batteries ES-E and PDU13. It is in a state directly connected to the electric system. As described above, since the voltage of the high-power battery ES-P is generally lower than the voltage of the high-capacity battery ES-E, the two switching elements of the VCU 101 are both turned off. The high-power battery ES-P is in an open circuit state. Further, the PDU 13 converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage and outputs it to the motor generator 11 by performing on / off switching operation of the six switching elements using the output voltage of the high-capacity battery ES-E as an input voltage. If all the switching elements are turned off without switching these six switching elements on and off, the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are electrically disconnected from the motor generator 11. It will be in the state.

  Thus, for example, when the electric vehicle stops and the motor generator 11 does not need to be driven, the ECU 109 controls the PDU 13 so that all the six switching elements of the PDU 13 are turned off, and the two switching elements of the VCU 101 are controlled. The VCU 101 is controlled so that both are turned off. If the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E is higher than the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P by this switching operation, the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are Since it does not charge / discharge, it will be in the state of an open circuit, respectively. In this state, if the ECU 109 turns on only the upper arm switching element of the VCU 101, the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are directly connected electrically.

  Hereinafter, processing when the ECU 109 performs constant current control to determine each state of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing of a main routine in which the ECU 109 performs constant current control to determine each state of the high capacity battery ES-E and the high output battery ES-P. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of the subroutine (constant current control) performed in step S107 shown in FIG. 7 and 8 are flowcharts showing the flow of processing of the subroutine (battery temperature rise control) performed in step S105 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the ECU 109 determines whether or not the electric vehicle is stopped based on the vehicle speed VP indicated by the signal obtained from the vehicle speed sensor 108 (step S101). Proceeding to step S103, if it is in the running state, a series of processing is terminated. In step S103, the ECU 109 determines whether the temperature Te of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the temperature sensor 107e or the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P detected by the temperature sensor 107p is equal to or less than a threshold value. If the temperature Te or the temperature Tp is equal to or lower than the threshold value, the process proceeds to step S105, and if both the temperature Te and the temperature Tp exceed the threshold value, the process proceeds to step S107. Details of the processing in step S105 will be described later. In step S107, the ECU 109 executes a subroutine shown in FIG. 6 for performing constant current control for flowing a constant current having a relatively small value from one of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P to the other. .

  In the subroutine shown in FIG. 6, the ECU 109 acquires the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the voltage sensor 103e and the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P detected by the voltage sensor 103p (step S201). . Since the high capacity battery ES-E and the high output battery ES-P are both open at time t0 in step S201, the voltages Ve and Vp are open circuit voltages (OCV). Since there is a relationship as shown in FIG. 9 between the OCV of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P and the storage capacity (SOC), the ECU 109 executes step S201. The storage capacity SOCe (t0) of the high-capacity battery ES-E corresponding to the acquired voltage Ve (OCVe1) is derived, and the high-power battery ES-P corresponding to the voltage Vp (OCVp1) acquired in step S201 The storage capacity SOCp (t0) is derived (step S203).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the ECU 109 controls the VCU 101 to start constant current control for charging and discharging the battery by flowing a constant current Ic from the high capacity battery ES-E to the high output battery ES-P. (Step S205). Next, the ECU 109 detects the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the voltage sensor 103e and the high-power battery ES-P detected by the voltage sensor 103p while the batteries are being charged and discharged. The voltage Vp is acquired (step S207). Since both the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are in the load state at the time of step S207, the voltages Ve and Vp are closed circuit voltages (CCV).

  Next, the ECU 109 controls the VCU 101 to stop the constant current control started in step S205 (step S209). Next, the ECU 109 acquires the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the voltage sensor 103e and the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P detected by the voltage sensor 103p (step S211). At time t1 (> t0) in step S211, charging / discharging of the battery is stopped, and the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are both open, so that the voltages Ve and Vp are open circuit voltages. (OCV: Open Circuit Voltage). The ECU 109 derives the storage capacity SOCe (t1) of the high-capacity battery ES-E corresponding to the voltage Ve (OCVe2) acquired in step S211 and the high level corresponding to the voltage Vp (OCVp2) acquired in step S211. The storage capacity SOCp (t1) of the output type battery ES-P is derived (step S213).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the ECU 109 controls the VCU 101 to start constant current control for charging and discharging the battery by flowing a constant current Ic from the high-power battery ES-P to the high-capacity battery ES-E. (Step S215). Note that the current value of the constant current passed in step S215 may be the same as or different from the current value of the constant current passed in step S205. Further, the current value of the constant current that flows in step S215 may be set so that the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P falls within an intermediate range such as 40% to 70%. Since the high output battery ES-P may be deteriorated when the SOC is not in the intermediate range, the current value of the constant current is set in consideration of the deterioration of the high output battery ES-P. Is preferred.

  Next, the ECU 109 detects the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the voltage sensor 103e and the high-power battery ES-P detected by the voltage sensor 103p while the batteries are being charged and discharged. The voltage Vp is acquired (step S217). Since both the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are in the load state at the time of step S217, the voltages Ve and Vp are closed circuit voltages (CCV).

  Next, the ECU 109 controls the VCU 101 so as to stop the constant current control started in step S215 (step S219). Next, the ECU 109 acquires the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the voltage sensor 103e and the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P detected by the voltage sensor 103p (step S221). At time t2 (> t1) in step S221, charging / discharging of the battery is stopped, and the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are both open, so that the voltages Ve and Vp are open circuit voltages. (OCV: Open Circuit Voltage). The ECU 109 derives the storage capacity SOCe (t2) of the high-capacity battery ES-E corresponding to the voltage Ve (OCVe3) acquired in step S221, and high according to the voltage Vp (OCVp2) acquired in step S221. The storage capacity SOCp (t2) of the output type battery ES-P is derived (step S223).

  After performing step S107 including the subroutine shown in FIG. 6, the ECU 109 performs charge / discharge capacities and internal resistances of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P based on the parameters obtained in step S107. Is calculated (step S109). The charge / discharge capacity C of each battery is calculated using the following formula (1). Further, the internal resistance of each battery is calculated using the following equation (2).

Δｔは、定電流制御によるバッテリの充放電を行う時間の長さである。
ＳＯＣ（ｔ）は、定電流制御による充放電を行う直前のバッテリのＳＯＣであり、ＳＯＣ（ｔ＋Δｔ）は、定電流制御による充放電を行った直後のバッテリのＳＯＣである。
Ｉｃは、定電流制御によるバッテリの充放電を行う際にバッテリ間を流れる一定電流値である。

Δt is the length of time for charging and discharging the battery by constant current control.
SOC (t) is the SOC of the battery immediately before charging / discharging by constant current control, and SOC (t + Δt) is the SOC of the battery immediately after charging / discharging by constant current control.
Ic is a constant current value that flows between the batteries when charging and discharging the batteries by constant current control.

ＯＣＶは、定電流制御による充放電の直前又は直後に検出されたバッテリの電圧であり、開路電圧である。
ＣＣＶは、定電流制御による充放電が行われている最中に検出されたバッテリの電圧であり、閉路電圧である。
Ｉｃは、定電流制御によるバッテリの充放電を行う際にバッテリ間を流れる一定電流値である。

OCV is a battery voltage detected immediately before or after charging / discharging by constant current control, and is an open circuit voltage.
CCV is the voltage of the battery detected during charging / discharging by constant current control, and is a closed circuit voltage.
Ic is a constant current value that flows between the batteries when charging and discharging the batteries by constant current control.

  The charge / discharge capacity and the internal resistance calculated using the formulas (1) and (2) in step S109 are calculated separately when each battery is discharged and charged. That is, as shown in FIG. 12A, when a constant current Ic is supplied from the high-capacity battery ES-E to the high-power battery ES-P to charge / discharge each battery (steps shown in FIG. 6). From the parameters obtained in S201 to S213), the ECU 109 determines that the discharge capacity Ced of the high capacity battery ES-E, the internal resistance Red of the high capacity battery ES-E during discharge, and the charge capacity of the high output battery ES-P. Cpc and the internal resistance Rpc of the high-power battery ES-P during charging are calculated. Further, as shown in FIG. 12B, when a constant current Ic is supplied from the high-power battery ES-P to the high-capacity battery ES-E to charge / discharge each battery (steps shown in FIG. 6). From the parameters obtained in S211 to S223), the ECU 109 determines the discharge capacity Cpd of the high-power battery ES-P, the internal resistance Rpd of the high-power battery ES-P during discharge, and the charge capacity of the high-capacity battery ES-E. Cec and the internal resistance Rec of the high-capacity battery ES-E during charging are calculated.

  Next, the ECU 109 determines the state of each battery based on the charge / discharge capacities and internal resistances of the high-capacity battery ES-E and high-power battery ES-P calculated in step S109 (step S111). Next, the ECU 109 determines whether there is a failed battery based on the state of each battery determined in step S111 (step S113). The failure state of the battery is determined, for example, when the internal resistance is greater than or equal to a threshold value or when the charge / discharge capacity is less than or equal to the threshold value. The ECU 109 proceeds to step S115 when determining that there is a battery in failure state in step S113, and ends the series of processes when determining that there is no battery in failure state. In step S115, the ECU 109 notifies that the battery has failed.

  Next, a subroutine for performing battery temperature rise control performed in step S105 of FIG. 5 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the ECU 109 derives the SOC of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P by the OCV estimation method, similarly to the steps S201 and S203 shown in FIG. (Step S301). Next, the ECU 109 determines whether or not to perform battery temperature increase control by alternating charging / discharging according to the table shown in FIG. 13 (step S303), and when performing alternating charging / discharging, the process proceeds to step S311 shown in FIG. If not, the process proceeds to step S305.

  Note that, according to the table shown in FIG. 13, the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power type are used except when the SOCs of both the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are “high”. When both the temperatures of the battery ES-P are “low”, the temperature rise control of the battery is performed by alternately charging and discharging, and the temperature of one of the high capacity type battery ES-E and the high output type battery ES-P is “ In the case of “low”, it is determined that the temperature rise control of the battery by power supply is performed. The temperatures of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P shown in the table of FIG. 13 indicate the temperature exceeding the threshold as “high” and the temperature below the threshold as “low”. . Further, the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P shown in the table of FIG. 13 is an SOC that is equal to or higher than a value obtained by subtracting the first margin from a maximum value in a preferable range, which will be described later. An SOC that is equal to or smaller than a value obtained by adding a margin is indicated as “low”. On the other hand, the SOC of the high-capacity battery ES-E shown in the table of FIG. 13 indicates “high” when the SOC exceeds 80%, for example, and “low” when the SOC falls below 20%.

  In step S305, the ECU 109 controls the VCU 101 to supply power from one of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P to raise the temperature of the battery. Next, the ECU 109 acquires the temperature Te of the high-capacity battery ES-E detected by the temperature sensor 107e and the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P detected by the temperature sensor 107p (step S307). Next, based on the information obtained in step S307, the ECU 109 determines whether the temperature of the battery whose temperature is “low” at the time of step S107 exceeds the threshold value and becomes “high” (step S107). S309) If the temperature of the battery is “high”, the series of processing ends, and if it is “low” below the threshold, the process returns to step S305.

  The process after step S311 that is performed when it is determined in step S303 that alternate charge / discharge is performed is shown in FIG. In step S311, the ECU 109 determines whether or not the SOC (SOCp) of the high-power battery ES-P exceeds a value obtained by subtracting the first margin Δ1 from the maximum value Thmax in the preferred range (SOCp> Thmax−Δ1). To do. The preferred range is a range of SOC in which the capacity deterioration coefficient with respect to the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P is equal to or less than a threshold value. As shown in FIG. 14, the preferred range of the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P. Is a substantially intermediate region. In step S311, when it is determined that SOCp> Thmax−Δ1, the process proceeds to step S315, and when it is determined that SOCp ≦ Thmax−Δ1, the process proceeds to step S313. In step S313, the ECU 109 determines whether or not the SOC (SOCp) of the high-power battery ES-P is less than a value obtained by adding the second margin Δ2 to the minimum value Thmin in the preferable range (SOCp <Thmin + Δ2). If it is determined that SOCp <Thmin + Δ2, the process proceeds to step S317. If it is determined that SOCp ≧ Thmin + Δ2, the process proceeds to step S319. Note that the increase rate of the capacity deterioration coefficient when the SOC of the high-power battery ES-P leaves the intermediate region is smaller on the minimum value Thmin side than on the maximum value Thmax side of the preferred range, so the second margin Δ2 is , Smaller than the first margin Δ1. However, when a battery having a characteristic that the increase rate of the capacity deterioration coefficient is larger on the minimum value Thmin side than on the maximum value Thmax side of the preferred range is used instead of the high-power battery ES-P, the second margin Δ2 is It is desirable that it be larger than the first margin Δ1.

  In step S315, the ECU 109 determines that charging / discharging of the high-power battery ES-E and charging of the high-capacity battery ES-E is performed first when alternating charging / discharging is started. That is, it is determined that the alternating charge / discharge of the pattern 1 shown in FIG. 14 is performed. In step S317, the ECU 109 determines that the high capacity battery ES-E is discharged and the high power battery ES-P is charged first when charging and discharging are started. That is, it is determined that the alternating charge / discharge of the pattern 2 shown in FIG. 14 is performed. In step S319, the ECU 109 randomly determines which of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is discharged first when starting alternate charging / discharging. That is, it is determined at random whether alternating charge / discharge is performed in pattern 1 or pattern 2.

  After performing Steps S315, S317, or S319, the ECU 109 controls the VCU 101 to start alternate charge / discharge of the determined pattern (Step S321). Next, the ECU 109 acquires the temperature Te of the high capacity battery ES-E detected by the temperature sensor 107e and the temperature Tp of the high output battery ES-P detected by the temperature sensor 107p (step S323). Next, the ECU 109 determines whether or not the temperatures of both the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P have exceeded the threshold values and become “high” based on the information obtained in step S323. (Step S325) If both the temperatures of the two batteries are “high”, the series of processing ends, and if the temperature of any one of the batteries is “low” below the threshold, the process returns to step S303. When the process returns to step S303, the temperature of any battery is “low” that is equal to or lower than the threshold value. Therefore, the process proceeds to step S305 according to the table of FIG. The VCU 101 is controlled so as to supply power from one side of the battery ES-P to the other side.

  Note that the ECU 109 may perform VCU high loss control in which the conversion efficiency of the VCU 101 is lowered as shown in FIG. By reducing the conversion efficiency of the VCU 101, the amount of heat generated in the VCU 101 increases. Therefore, the temperature of the battery can be raised not only by the temperature rise of the battery due to alternate charging / discharging but also by the heat generated by the VCU 101. As a result, the temperature elevating efficiency is increased, and the number of alternating charging / discharging operations can be reduced, so that deterioration of not only the high-power battery ES-P but also the high-capacity battery ES-E can be minimized.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, when constant current control is performed to control the VCU 101 so that a constant current flows from one of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P to the other. The temperature Te of the high-capacity battery ES-E or the temperature Tp of the high-power battery ES-P before determining the states of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P based on the obtained parameters Is equal to or lower than the threshold value, the temperature Te and the temperature Tp are higher than the threshold value after the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are heated, The state determination of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is performed. As described above, constant current control and state determination of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are performed in a desired temperature environment, and thus the high current obtained when the constant current control is performed. The detection accuracy of the voltage Ve of the capacity type battery ES-E and the voltage Vp of the high output type battery ES-P is extremely high. Therefore, each state of the high capacity battery ES-E and the high output battery ES-P can be determined very accurately.

  Further, the constant current control is performed by controlling the VCU 101 so that a constant current flows from one of the high capacity type battery ES-E and the high output type battery ES-P to the other. Since each state of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is determined based on the voltage and constant current of each battery, the state of each battery can be determined with only one VCU 101. Further, since the constant current control is performed by charging and discharging with a constant current between the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P, the constant current is controlled based on the required driving force as described in Patent Document 1 described above. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P obtained when the constant current control is performed is extremely high. Therefore, each state of the high capacity battery ES-E and the high output battery ES-P can be determined very accurately.

  Further, since the capacity and internal resistance of each battery are calculated based on the voltage with high detection accuracy of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P obtained when the constant current control is performed, this capacity Each state of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P can be accurately determined based on the internal resistance.

  In addition, the constant current control for controlling the VCU 101 so that a constant current flows between the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is performed by changing the constant current from the high-capacity battery ES-E to the high-power battery ES. Since it is performed not only in the form of flowing to -P but also in the form of flowing from the high-power battery ES-P to the high-capacity battery ES-E, it becomes a value close to the SOC before performing the SOC constant current control of each battery. The deterioration of each battery can be suppressed, and since both charging and discharging are used, the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P can be obtained with higher accuracy. . Therefore, each state of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P can be determined more accurately.

  The voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P are detected regardless of whether a constant current is discharged or a charge current is discharged. Since both the charging capacity and discharging capacity of each battery and the internal resistance for charging and discharging of each battery are calculated, the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P are calculated. It is possible to more accurately determine each state.

  Furthermore, the temperature increase control of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P is performed using either the high-capacity battery ES-E or the high-power battery ES-P without using electrical components such as a heater. Is performed by supplying power from one to the other or by alternately charging and discharging. As a result, an increase in power consumption rate, cost, and size of the power storage device due to the use of the electrical component can be suppressed. Further, since the relationship between discharge and charge is alternately switched when performing alternate charge / discharge, the SOCs of the high-capacity battery ES-E and the high-power battery ES-P do not change greatly.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications, improvements, and the like can be made as appropriate. For example, although the electric vehicle described above is a 1MOT type EV (Electrical Vehicle), even an EV equipped with a plurality of motor generators is an HEV (Hybrid Electrical Vehicle) equipped with an internal combustion engine together with at least one motor generator. ), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle), or FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle).

  The VCU 101 of the present embodiment boosts the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P. If the voltage Ve of the high-capacity battery ES-E is lower than the voltage Vp of the high-power battery ES-P, the VCU 101 A VCU that steps down the voltage Vp of the type battery ES-P is used. Further, a VCU capable of increasing / decreasing pressure in both directions may be used. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, the VCU 201 may be provided also on the high capacity battery ES-E side. By providing two VCUs, the voltage applied to the motor generator 11 and the PDU 13 is not restricted by the high-capacity battery ES-E, so that the efficiency is improved.

  Even if the configuration includes the two VCUs 101 and 201 as shown in FIG. 15 described above, the constant current control can be executed with only one of the VCUs.

  Further, as another embodiment, when performing a battery failure diagnosis in step S115 of FIG. 5, the threshold value stored in the ECU 109 in advance as a comparison target of the calculated internal resistance and charge / discharge capacity is different from the threshold value. A parameter may be used. For example, since the charge capacity and the discharge capacity are generally equal values, the two may be compared, and if the difference is equal to or greater than a threshold value, it may be determined that the battery has failed. Alternatively, failure diagnosis may be performed by comparison with the previous value. Furthermore, failure diagnosis may be performed based on these combinations, and the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased to the limit.

  In the above description, for example, when the electric vehicle stops and the motor generator 11 does not need to be driven, the ECU 109 controls the PDU 13 so that all the six switching elements of the PDU 13 are turned off, and the two switching operations of the VCU 101 are performed. The high capacity battery ES-E and the high output battery ES-P are in an open circuit state by controlling the VCU 101 so that both elements are turned off, but the ECU 109 has contactors MCe, MCp of the switch unit 111. Each battery may be in an open circuit state by controlling the opening of.

11 Motor generator 13 PDU
100 Power storage device 101, 201 VCU
103p, 103e Voltage sensor 105p, 105e Current sensor 107p, 107e Temperature sensor 108 Vehicle speed sensor 109 ECU
111 Switch unit ES-E High-capacity battery ES-P High-power battery MCe, MCp Contactor

Claims (12)

A first capacitor;
A second battery,
A converter for stepping up or down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit for detecting a voltage of the first capacitor and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
An acquisition unit for acquiring the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A power storage device comprising: a control unit that controls the conversion unit;
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. Based on the voltage and the constant current of the first capacitor obtained when the first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit is performed and the first constant current control is performed, the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor A power storage device for calculating The power storage device according to claim 1,
The controller is
The amount of change in the storage capacity of the first capacitor according to the open circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained before and after performing the first constant current control, and the flow that occurred when the first constant current control was performed A power storage device that calculates a capacity of the first battery based on a current amount of a constant current. The power storage device according to claim 1 or 2,
The controller is
The open circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained before or after the first constant current control, the closed circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained during the first constant current control, and the constant current. A power storage device that calculates an internal resistance of the first capacitor based on the first capacitor. The power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The controller is
When the vehicle is stopped, the first constant current control and the conversion unit are controlled so that a constant current flows from the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Second constant current control to perform,
A power storage device that calculates a capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor based on the voltage of the first capacitor and the constant current obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. The power storage device according to claim 4,
The controller is
The amount of change in the storage capacity of the first capacitor according to the open circuit voltage of the first capacitor obtained before and after performing the second constant current control, and the flow that occurred when the second constant current control was performed A power storage device that calculates a capacity of the first battery based on a current amount of a constant current. The power storage device according to claim 4 or 5,
The controller is
The open circuit voltage of the first battery obtained before or after the second constant current control, the closed circuit voltage of the first battery obtained during the second constant current control, and the constant current. A power storage device that calculates an internal resistance of the first capacitor based on the first capacitor. A first capacitor;
A second battery,
A converter for stepping up or down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit for detecting each voltage of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
An acquisition unit for acquiring the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A power storage device comprising: a control unit that controls the conversion unit;
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. A first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit; and a second constant for controlling the conversion unit so that a constant current flows from the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Constant current control, each voltage of the first battery and the first constant current control obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. And the second constant current control is performed. And calculating the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor based on each constant current flowing when the first constant current control is performed and when the second constant current control is performed. 2. A power storage device that calculates a capacity or an internal resistance of the second capacitor based on each voltage of the two capacitors and each constant current that flows when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed . The power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The controller is configured to charge and discharge between the first capacitor and the second capacitor by controlling the conversion unit, so that each temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. A power storage device that rises to a temperature. The power storage device according to claim 8,
The charge / discharge performed between the first capacitor and the second capacitor is an alternating charge / discharge device in which a relationship between discharge and charge of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is alternately switched.   A transport device comprising the power storage device according to claim 1. A first capacitor;
A second battery,
A converter for stepping up or down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit for detecting a voltage of the first capacitor and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
An acquisition unit for acquiring the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A control method performed by a power storage device including a control unit that controls the conversion unit,
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. Based on the voltage and the constant current of the first capacitor obtained when the first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit is performed and the first constant current control is performed, the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor A control method for calculating A first capacitor;
A second battery,
A converter for stepping up or down the output voltage of the first capacitor or the output voltage of the second capacitor;
A detection unit for detecting each voltage of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and a current flowing between the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
An acquisition unit for acquiring the temperatures of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
A control method performed by a power storage device including a control unit that controls the conversion unit,
The controller is
Based on the traveling speed of a vehicle equipped with the power storage device for power supply for traveling, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is stopped,
When the vehicle is in a stopped state, if the temperature of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is equal to or lower than a threshold value, the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is increased to a temperature higher than the threshold value, A constant current flows from one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a state where the temperature of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is higher than the threshold value. A first constant current control for controlling the conversion unit; and a second constant for controlling the conversion unit so that a constant current flows from the other of the first capacitor and the second capacitor to one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Constant current control, each voltage of the first battery and the first constant current control obtained when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. And the second constant current control is performed. And calculating the capacity or internal resistance of the first capacitor based on each constant current flowing when the first constant current control is performed and when the second constant current control is performed. 2. A control method for calculating a capacity or an internal resistance of the second capacitor based on each voltage of the two capacitors and each constant current that flows when the first constant current control and the second constant current control are performed. .

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