JP6358530B2 - COGENERATION DEVICE CONTROL DEVICE AND COGENERATION DEVICE CONTROL METHOD - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention generally relates to a control device for a cogeneration device and a control method for the cogeneration device, and more specifically, a control device for a cogeneration device that receives a demand response signal to control the cogeneration device, and controls the cogeneration device. It is about the method.

  Conventionally, there is a power generation system that supplies power using a cogeneration device such as a fuel cell (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  The cogeneration apparatus generates hot water using exhaust heat generated during power generation, and stores the generated hot water in a hot water storage tank. Moreover, the cogeneration apparatus can heat the hot water in the hot water storage tank using the exhaust heat. The user can use the hot water in the hot water storage tank.

JP 2002-75391 A

  In recent years, a service using a demand response for power peak cut has been proposed by a power company. If this demand response is predicted that the future power demand will be constrained to the power supply, the demand response signal is used for the consumer to suppress the usage of commercial power during the future power control period. Request in advance. The consumer can acquire incentives as compensation from the electric power company according to the reduction amount of commercial power achieved during the power suppression period.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to reduce the amount of commercial power used by using the power generated by the cogeneration apparatus during the power suppression period. However, in the cogeneration apparatus, power generation stops when the hot water storage amount becomes full and the hot water temperature reaches the upper limit temperature (full storage state). Conventionally, the hot water storage amount control of the cogeneration device has determined the target hot water storage amount based on, for example, the past consumption history of hot water, and has not considered the power generation capacity of the cogeneration device depending on the hot water storage amount. When the hot water storage tank is fully stored during the power suppression period, the cogeneration apparatus stops generating power.

  If the cogeneration apparatus stops generating power during the power suppression period, it is conceivable to increase the amount of commercial power used in order to ensure the power supplied to the load in the same way as normal. In this case, since the usage amount of commercial power during the power suppression period is not suppressed, the consumer cannot obtain an incentive due to power suppression. Furthermore, the unit price of power during the power suppression period is generally set high. If a load is used in the same way as in normal times, it cannot contribute to power saving, and the electricity charge paid to the power company also increases.

  In addition, when the cogeneration apparatus stops power generation during the power suppression period, it is possible that the customer spends the power suppression period in a state where the amount of commercial power used is suppressed. In this case, since the amount of commercial power used is suppressed in a state where the power generation of the cogeneration apparatus is stopped, the consumer cannot use a load with large power consumption and instantaneous power, such as an IH cooking heater. For customers, refraining from using loads causes a situation in which they cannot be used when they want to use these loads, which causes dissatisfaction.

  That is, conventionally, when power is supplied using a cogeneration device such as a fuel cell, there is a problem in that the generated power of the cogeneration device may not be sufficiently secured during the power suppression period due to demand response.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned reasons, and the object thereof is a control device for a cogeneration device that can sufficiently secure the generated power of the cogeneration device during the power suppression period by the demand response signal, and the cogeneration device. It is to provide a control method.

The present invention controls a cogeneration apparatus that supplies generated power to a load, stops the power generation when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water by generating hot water during power generation exceeds a first predetermined amount. A control device for a cogeneration device, an information acquisition unit for acquiring information on the amount of heat storage, a signal reception unit for receiving a demand response signal for requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period, A power control unit that controls the power generation operation of the cogeneration device, a heat storage amount prediction unit that predicts the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period, and the heat storage amount prediction unit at the start of the power suppression period. When the heat storage amount is predicted to exceed a second predetermined amount that is smaller than the first predetermined amount, a notification signal requesting to use hot water in the hot water storage tank is output. And a notification signal generation unit for, the power control section, when the signal receiver receives the demand response signal, the heat storage amount of hot water storage tank is at front Symbol of the second at the start of the power suppression period The power generation operation of the cogeneration apparatus until the power suppression period is started is controlled so as to be fixed.
In addition, the present invention provides a cogeneration apparatus that supplies generated power to a load, generates hot water during power generation, and stops power generation when the amount of heat stored in a hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water exceeds a first predetermined amount. A control device for a cogeneration device to control, an information acquisition unit for acquiring information on the heat storage amount, and a signal reception for receiving a demand response signal for requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period Unit, a power control unit that controls the power generation operation of the cogeneration apparatus, and a heat storage amount prediction unit that predicts the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period, and the power control unit includes the signal reception unit Receives the demand response signal, the second predetermined amount in which the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period is smaller than the first predetermined amount. The power generation operation of the cogeneration apparatus until the power suppression period is started is controlled so that the heat storage amount prediction unit determines that the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period is the second place. When it is predicted that the amount exceeds the fixed amount, the power control unit reduces the production cost of hot water discharged to make the heat storage amount the second predetermined amount, and the suppression of the commercial power requested by the demand response signal. Compared with the value acquired when it is executed, if the value exceeds the generation cost, the cogeneration apparatus is instructed to discharge the hot water from the hot water storage tank .

  In this invention, it is preferable that the said power control part performs the electric power generation operation | movement of the said cogeneration apparatus in the said electric power suppression period.

  In the present invention, the demand response signal includes information on an upper limit value of the usage amount of the commercial power during the power suppression period, and the power supplied to the load during the power suppression period is determined by the cogeneration apparatus. A load that controls the operation of the load so that it is less than or equal to the sum of the generated power, the upper limit value of the amount of commercial power used, and the power supplied by another power source that supplies power to the load during the power suppression period. It is preferable to provide a control unit.

  In this invention, it comprises a hot water usage amount predicting unit that predicts the hot water amount of the hot water storage tank that is used until the start of the power suppression period, and the heat storage amount prediction unit is configured so that the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period is It is preferable to determine whether or not the second predetermined amount matches with the prediction result of the hot water usage amount prediction unit.

  In this invention, it is provided with the generated electric power prediction part which predicts the generated electric power of the solar cell which supplies electric power to the load in the period until the electric power suppression period is started, and the heat storage amount prediction part includes the electric power suppression period. It is preferable to determine whether or not the heat storage amount at the start matches the second predetermined amount using the prediction result of the hot water usage prediction unit and the prediction result of the generated power prediction unit.

The present invention controls a cogeneration apparatus that supplies generated power to a load, stops the power generation when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water by generating hot water during power generation exceeds a first predetermined amount. A control method for a cogeneration apparatus, which acquires information on the amount of heat storage, receives a demand response signal requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period, and receives the demand response signal The cogeneration apparatus until the power suppression period is started so that the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. It controls the power generation operation, when the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period predicted to exceed the first predetermined amount is smaller than a second predetermined amount And outputs a notification signal for requesting the use of the hot water of the hot water storage tank.
In addition, the present invention provides a cogeneration apparatus that supplies generated power to a load, generates hot water during power generation, and stops power generation when the amount of heat stored in a hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water exceeds a first predetermined amount. A control method for a cogeneration apparatus to control, acquiring information on the heat storage amount, receiving a demand response signal requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period, and receiving the demand response signal If received, the cogeneration until the power suppression period is started so that the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. When the power generation operation of the device is controlled and the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period is predicted to exceed the second predetermined amount, the heat storage amount is The production cost of hot water discharged to obtain a predetermined amount of 2 is compared with the consideration acquired when the commercial power suppression requested by the demand response signal is executed, and the consideration exceeds the production cost. In this case, the cogeneration apparatus is instructed to discharge hot water from the hot water storage tank .

  As described above, the present invention can reduce the amount of heat stored at the start of the power suppression period, so that the power generated by a cogeneration device such as a fuel cell can be sufficiently secured during the power suppression period based on the demand response signal. There is.

It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the energy management system of embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of an energy management system same as the above. It is a table figure which shows a part of information table same as the above. It is explanatory drawing which shows the time series operation | movement by the demand response same as the above. It is explanatory drawing which shows the breakdown of load electric power same as the above.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment)
The overall configuration of the energy management system (power management system) is shown in FIG. The energy management system mainly includes a distribution board 10, a stand-alone distribution board 20, a power switch 30, a measuring device 40, a power conversion device 50, a storage battery 62, a fuel cell 63, an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83. Prepare as a configuration.

  Further, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the energy management system, and a part of the configuration of FIG. 2 is omitted. In FIG. 1, a broken line indicates an AC circuit, a one-dot chain line indicates a DC circuit, and a solid line indicates an information transmission path.

  First, the power supply system includes four types of power sources 61, a storage battery 62, a fuel cell 63, and a solar cell 64 as power sources for supplying power to a load.

  The system power source 61 is a commercial power source that a commercial power supply company such as an electric power company supplies commercial power through the distribution network.

  The storage battery 62 is composed of a lithium ion battery or the like.

  The fuel cell 63 is a cogeneration apparatus that uses hydrogen gas generated by reforming fuel gas containing methane or propane, and a hot water storage tank 632 is attached to the power generation unit 631. The power generation unit 631 generates power using the fuel cell unit, and further generates hot water using exhaust heat generated during the power generation operation. The hot water storage tank 632 stores hot water generated during the power generation operation of the power generation unit 631. Furthermore, when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 instead of hot water is insufficient, the power generation unit 631 heats the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 using exhaust heat generated during the power generation operation. That is, “generate hot water using exhaust heat generated during power generation operation” means “increase the amount of hot water in hot water storage tank 632 using exhaust heat generated during power generation operation”, “exhaust heat generated during power generation operation” This includes both concepts of “heating the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 by using“.

  As described above, the fuel cell 63 has both functions of power generation and water heating. The fuel cell 63 stops power generation by the power generation unit 631 when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 (determined by the amount of stored hot water and the hot water temperature) is fully stored. Here, a state in which the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 632 is full and the hot water temperature has reached the upper limit temperature is referred to as a fully stored state in which the heat storage amount has reached the upper limit (first predetermined amount).

  In addition, the fuel cell 63 can communicate with a remote controller 63 a used for managing the operating state of the fuel cell 63.

  The solar cell 64 performs power generation using sunlight.

  In the present embodiment, the solar cell 64 is illustrated as a power source capable of reverse power flow to the system power source 61. However, the solar cell 64 is a power source that generates power using natural energy such as wind power, hydropower, and geothermal heat. Can be substituted. In the present embodiment, the storage battery 62 and the fuel cell 63 are illustrated as power supplies that do not perform reverse power flow to the system power supply 61. Further, instead of the fuel cell 63, it is also possible to use a cogeneration device that generates power using a gas engine (gas micro turbine).

  The distribution line L1 connected to the system power supply 61 is connected to the distribution board 10.

  The distribution board 10 incorporates a main breaker 11 whose primary side is connected to the distribution line L1 and a plurality of branch breakers 12 that branch power on the secondary side of the main breaker 11 in a housing (not shown). doing. Each branch breaker 12 supplies power to the load 70 through the branch line L2. In FIG. 2, a plurality of loads 70 are collectively denoted by reference numerals, but the reference numerals 70 indicate individual loads.

  Furthermore, the distribution board 10 incorporates an interconnection breaker 13 and a current sensor X3. The interconnection breaker 13 is connected to the primary circuit (distribution line L1) of the main breaker 11, and is inserted between the power converter 50 and the distribution line L1. The interconnection breaker 13 forms a path for supplying the power generated by the solar battery 64 to the primary circuit of the main breaker 11 and forms a path for using the power received from the system power supply 61 for charging the storage battery 62. . The interconnection breaker 13 is a so-called remote control breaker, and is switched on / off according to an instruction from the power conversion device 50.

  The current sensor X3 is arranged to detect a current passing through the main breaker 11. In the illustrated example, the current sensor X3 is arranged in the distribution line L1 so as to measure the current passing through the electrical path between the connection point with the interconnection breaker 13 and the main breaker 11. The current sensor X3 is arranged so as to individually detect currents of two voltage lines (U phase and W phase) of the single phase three wires.

  The current sensor X3 assumes a current transformer including a core as a specific configuration, but may be configured to use a coreless coil (so-called Rogowski coil) or a magnetic sensor. The same applies to the current sensors X1, X2, and X4 to X7 described below, and the specific configuration of each of the current sensors X1, X2, and X4 to X7 conforms to the configuration of the current sensor X3.

  One of the branch breakers 12 built in the distribution board 10 is connected to the self-standing distribution board 20 through a branch line L3 corresponding to a single-phase three-wire. On the branch line L3, there is a power switch 30 that selects one of the power supplied from the branch breaker 12 of the distribution board 10 and the power supplied from the power converter 50 and supplies it to the independent distribution board 20. Has been inserted. The power switch 30 includes an electromagnetic relay that conducts / cuts off the electric power supplied from the branch breaker 12 and the electric power supplied from the power converter 50.

  The independent distribution board 20 forms a path for supplying power to the load 80, the measurement device 40, the measurement point switching device 90, which will be described later, and the like that need to be fed even during a power failure period when no power is supplied from the system power supply 61. In FIG. 2, a plurality of loads 80 are collectively indicated by a reference numeral 80, but the reference numeral 80 indicates an individual load. Among the loads 80, the load 81 is an energy management device, the load 82 is a display terminal (notification unit), and the load 83 is a router. Hereinafter, the loads are referred to as an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83. .

  In order to distinguish between the load 70 and the load 80, the load 70 is referred to as a “general load”, and the load 80 is referred to as a “specific load”. The specific load 80 includes an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83.

  The self-supporting distribution board 20 incorporates a main breaker 21 and a plurality of branch breakers 22 that branch power on the secondary side of the main breaker 21 in a housing (not shown). The primary side of the main breaker 21 is connected to the power switch 30 and is supplied with either the power supplied from the branch breaker 12 of the distribution board 10 or the power supplied from the power converter 50. Is done. Each branch breaker 22 supplies power to the specific load 80, the measurement device 40, and the measurement point switching device 90 through the branch line L4.

  The specific load 80, the measurement device 40, and the measurement point switching device 90 can be operated by the power supplied from the distribution board 10 during the energization period in which the power is supplied from the system power supply 61. In addition, the specific load 80, the measurement device 40, and the measurement point switching device 90 can be operated by the power supplied from the power conversion device 50 during a power failure period in which power is not supplied from the system power supply 61.

  One of the branch breakers 22 is connected to the fuel cell 63 through the connection line L5. The power generated by the fuel cell 63 can be supplied to the specific load 80, the measuring device 40, and the measuring point switching device 90 via the connection line L5 and the independent distribution board 20. Moreover, since the electric power generated by the fuel cell 63 can be supplied to the distribution board 10 through the main breaker 21, the electric power can also be supplied from the fuel cell 63 to the general load 70.

  The power converter 50 includes a storage battery 62 and a solar battery 64 connected to each other, and has a function of transferring power to and from the distribution board 10 and a function of supplying power to the independent distribution board 20. 51 is provided. Furthermore, the power conversion device 50 includes a transformer 52 that converts the power output from the power converter 51 by two lines into three lines.

  The power converter 51 converts the DC power generated by the solar battery 64 into AC power that can be linked to the system power supply 61. Further, the power converter 51 monitors and controls the charging current and discharging current of the storage battery 62, and converts the DC power discharged by the storage battery 62 into AC power.

  Furthermore, the power converter 51 includes an interconnection terminal 55 connected to the interconnection breaker 13 and an independent output unit 56 that supplies electric power to the transformer 52. Then, the power converter 51 determines the energization period / power failure period of the system power supply 61 (whether or not power can be received from the system power supply 61) using the voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55.

  The interconnection terminal 55 is connected to the distribution line L <b> 1 via the interconnection breaker 13, and system interconnection is possible during the energization period of the system power supply 61. Specifically, the interconnection terminal 55 is a single-phase three-wire system, is connected to the interconnection breaker 13 through the connection line L6, and the interconnection breaker 13 is connected to the distribution line L1 that is the primary side of the main breaker 11. Connected through.

  The connection line L6 is a path for supplying AC power obtained from the generated power of the solar battery 64 or the stored power of the storage battery 62 to the main breaker 11 of the distribution board 10, or the generated power of the solar battery 64 is reversed to the distribution line L1. Used as a tidal path. Further, the connection line L6 is also used as a path for charging the storage battery 62 using electric power supplied from the system power supply 61 through the distribution line L1. The output voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55 is determined by the line voltage of the system power supply 61.

  Of the power generated by the solar battery 64, surplus power that is not used by the consumer flows backward to the distribution line L1, and the power converter 51 also has a function of monitoring and controlling the power flowing backward. The output of the current sensor X2 is input to the power converter 51. The power converter 51 determines whether or not a reverse power flow from the consumer to the system power supply 61 is generated based on the output of the current sensor X2, and the power flow is reversed. Judge power. Current sensor X2 is arranged to individually detect currents passing through two voltage lines in a single-phase three-wire.

  The power converter 51 uses the relationship between the phase of the current monitored by the current sensor X2 and the phase of the voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55 to determine whether a reverse power flow from the customer to the system power supply 61 has occurred. Judging. The voltage between the terminals in the interconnection terminal 55 has the same voltage and the same phase as the line voltage of the distribution line L1 electrically connected to the interconnection terminal 55. Therefore, the power converter 51 uses the voltage waveform between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55 and the current waveform monitored by the current sensor X2, and reverses the sign of an integrated value obtained by integrating the power for one period of the voltage waveform. Determine whether there is a tidal current.

  In addition, the storage battery 62 does not perform reverse power flow to the system power supply 61. Therefore, the power converter 51 uses the output of the current sensor X2 in the same manner as described above in order to monitor whether or not the stored power of the storage battery 62 is flowing backward without being consumed by the consumer.

  On the other hand, the self-supporting output unit 56 of the power converter 51 does not output power to the transformer 52 during the energization period of the system power supply 61 and outputs power to the transformer 52 during the power failure period of the system power supply 61. The self-supporting output unit 56 is a single-phase two-wire system, and is connected to the primary side of the transformer 52 by two wires, and only supplies power to the transformer 52. The voltage between the terminals of the self-supporting output unit 56 is kept at a constant voltage (for example, 200V). A self-supporting terminal 57 is provided on the secondary side of the transformer 52, and the power output from the self-supporting terminal 57 is derived from at least one of the solar battery 64 and the storage battery 62. The self-supporting terminal 57 is connected to the power switch 30 through a connection line L7 corresponding to a single-phase three-wire.

The power converter 51 determines the energization period / power failure period of the system power supply 61 using the voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55. Then, the power converter 51 controls the switching operation of the power switch 30 using the determination result of the energization period / power failure period. The power switch 30 connects the branch line L3 to the main breaker 21 of the stand-alone distribution board 20 and connects the connection line L7 to the main breaker 21 of the stand-alone distribution board 20 according to an instruction from the power converter 51. Switch between states. That is, the independent distribution board 20 is supplied with power through the distribution board 10 during the energization period in which power is supplied from the system power supply 61, and is distributed from the power conversion device 50 during a power outage period when the power from the system power supply 61 stops. Electric power is supplied without passing through the board 10. In addition, although the switching operation of the power switch 30 is performed by the contact signal which the power converter 51 outputs, for example, the signal form is not limited.

  In addition, the power converter 51 transmits the determination result (power failure information) of the energization period / power failure period to the measuring device 40. Further, the power converter 51 transmits information on the storage battery 62 (accumulated power, discharge power, device information, error information, etc.) and information on the solar cell 64 (generated power, device information, error information, etc.) to the measuring device 40. To do.

  Note that the communication path between the power converter 51 and the measuring device 40, the communication path between the power converter 51 and the storage battery 62, and the communication path between the power converter 51 and the solar battery 64 have specifications according to the RS485 standard, for example. Perform serial communication. It is not essential that the communication path conforms to the RS485 standard, and the communication path can also be realized by wireless communication or power line carrier communication using a wired communication path. Moreover, you may use combining these communication technologies.

  Furthermore, the power conversion device 50 includes a switching instruction unit 53 that gives an instruction by a switching signal to the measurement point switching device 90. The switching instruction unit 53 gives a switching signal indicating the energization period / power failure period to the measurement point switching device 90, and this switching signal is also transmitted to the fuel cell 63 through the measurement point switching device 90. In addition, this switching signal is a contact signal, for example, and the signal form is not limited.

  The measuring point switching device 90 has a current value monitored by the fuel cell 63 as a current sensor X3 built in the distribution board 10 and a current sensor X5 that measures a current passing through the main breaker 21 of the independent distribution board 20. Select from which to get. That is, the measuring point switching device 90 connects the current sensor X3 to the fuel cell 63 during the energization period of the system power supply 61, and connects the current sensor X5 to the fuel cell 63 during the power failure period of the system power supply 61.

  Since the fuel cell 63 does not perform reverse power flow in this embodiment, the fuel cell 63 determines whether or not reverse power flow has occurred based on the current monitored by the current sensors X3 and X5. That is, the fuel cell 63 uses each output of the current sensors X3 and X5 in order to monitor whether or not the generated power of the fuel cell 63 is flowing backward without being consumed by the consumer. Specifically, the fuel cell 63 uses the output of the current sensor X3 in order to detect a reverse power flow to the system power supply 61 when the system power supply 61 is energized. Further, the fuel cell 63 uses the output of the current sensor X5 in order to detect a reverse power flow to the connection line L7 at the time of a power failure of the system power supply 61.

  That is, the outputs of the current sensors X3 and X5 are input to the fuel cell 63 via the measurement point switching device 90, and the fuel cell 63 is output from the fuel cell 63 based on the outputs of the current sensors X3 and X5. In addition, it is determined whether or not all electric power is consumed by consumers.

  Further, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 63 is monitored by the current sensor X4. The current sensor X4 monitors the current passing through the connection line L5 that connects the fuel cell 63 and the branch breaker 22. The output of the current sensor X4 is input to the measuring device 40, and the measuring device 40 monitors the power passing through the connection line L5.

  The fuel cell 63 communicates with the power conversion device 50 through the measurement point switching device 90. That is, the switching signal indicating the energization period / power failure period of the system power supply 61 is also notified from the power conversion device 50 to the fuel cell 63 through the measurement point switching device 90. Therefore, the fuel cell 63 can recognize which power is supplied from the interconnection terminal 55 or the self-supporting terminal 57 of the power conversion device 50.

  Further, the power conversion device 50 communicates with the remote controller 54 in order to allow the user to instruct and monitor the operation.

  A current sensor X <b> 1 is arranged on the primary distribution line L <b> 1 of the main breaker 11 in the consumer in order to measure the power received from the system power supply 61.

  In the distribution line L1, a current sensor X2 is disposed between the current sensor X1 and the main breaker 11 in order to detect a reverse power flow to the system power supply 61. The current sensor X2 monitors the current at a position closer to the system power supply 61 than the connection point between the main breaker 11 and the interconnection breaker 13 in the distribution line L1.

Further, in the distribution line L1, a current sensor X3 is arranged so as to measure a current passing through the electric path between the connection point with the interconnection breaker 13 and the main breaker 11. The current sensor X4 monitors the current passing through the connection line L5 connecting the fuel cell 63 and the branch breaker 22, and the current sensor X5 measures the current passing through the main breaker 21 of the self-supporting distribution board 20. The current sensor X6 is disposed on the branch line L2 and monitors the current supplied to the general load 70. The current sensor X7 is disposed on the branch line L4 and monitors the current supplied to the specific load 80.

  And current sensor X1, X4, X6, X7 is connected to measuring device 40, and measuring device 40 acquires each current value which current sensors X1, X4, X6, and X7 measured regularly.

  The measuring device 40 measures the power received from the system power supply 61 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X1, and generates power purchase information (power purchase information, power sale information). The measuring device 40 measures the generated power of the fuel cell 63 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X4, and generates power generation information (fuel cell). Moreover, the measuring device 40 measures the power consumption of the general load 70 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X6, and generates power consumption information (general load). The measuring device 40 measures the power consumption of the specific load 80 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X7, and generates power consumption information (specific load).

  Furthermore, the measurement device 40 communicates with the power conversion device 50 to thereby obtain information on the storage battery 62 (accumulated power, discharge power, device information, error information, etc.) and information on the solar cell 64 (generated power, device information, error information). Etc.), the power failure information indicating the judgment result of the energization period / power failure period is acquired.

  Then, the measuring device 40 uses the information on power trading, power consumption information (general load), power consumption information (specific load), storage battery 62 information, solar battery 64 information, power outage information, power generation information (fuel cell) as energy. Wireless transmission to the management device 81.

  The energy management device 81 includes an information acquisition unit 81a, a signal reception unit 81b, a power control unit 81c, a load control unit 81d, a heat storage amount prediction unit 81e, a hot water usage prediction unit 81f, and a generated power prediction unit 81g. And a display data generation unit 81h (see FIG. 1). The energy management device 81 corresponds to a control device for the cogeneration device.

  The energy management device 81 is configured to be able to wirelessly communicate with the measurement device 40, and the information acquisition unit 81a includes power trading information, power consumption information (general load), power consumption information (specific load), information on the storage battery 62, Information on the solar cell 64, power failure information, and power generation information (fuel cell) are acquired from the measuring device 40. Further, the energy management device 81 is configured to be able to wirelessly communicate with the fuel cell 63, and the information acquisition unit 81a includes information on the fuel cell 63 (amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 (amount of stored hot water and hot water), device information, Error information).

  Furthermore, the energy management device 81 can communicate with the power converter 51 via the measurement device 40 by wirelessly communicating with the measurement device 40.

  Then, the power control unit 81c controls each operation of the storage battery 62, the fuel cell 63, and the solar cell 64 by controlling the power converter 51 and the fuel cell 63 based on the above information.

  For example, the power control unit 81 c supplies power to the general load 70 and the specific load 80 using the power of the system power supply 61, the storage battery 62, the fuel cell 63, and the solar battery 64 during the energization period of the system power supply 61. Do. Moreover, the electric power control part 81c will charge the storage battery 62 using each electric power of the system power supply 61 and the solar cell 64 if it is an electricity supply period. In addition, the power control unit 81 c also controls the amount of power that is reversely flowed to the system power supply 61 using the generated power of the solar battery 64 during the energization period.

  Further, the power control unit 81 c supplies power to the specific load 80 using each power of the storage battery 62, the fuel cell 63, and the solar cell 64 during the power failure period of the system power supply 61. Moreover, the electric power control part 81c will charge the storage battery 62 using the electric power of the solar cell 64 if it is a power failure period.

  The energy management device 81 and the display terminal 82 are configured to be capable of wireless communication with each other. In response to a request from the display terminal 82, the display data generation unit 81h generates display information for causing the display terminal 82 to display the above information, the control states of the power converter 51 and the fuel cell 63, and the like. Transmit to the display terminal 82. The display terminal 82 displays the received display information on the screen, and also makes a voice notification if necessary. As the display terminal 82, a dedicated terminal having a monitor screen and a speaker, a mobile phone, a personal computer, or the like is used.

  Further, the energy management device 81 is connected to a wide area network 100 such as the Internet through a router 83. A server 200 managed by a power supplier or the like is also connected to the wide area network 100, and the signal receiving unit 81 b can communicate with the server 200.

  Next, power generation control of the fuel cell 63 by the demand response signal, which is the gist of the present invention, will be described.

  When it is predicted that the future power demand will be close to the power supply amount, the power supply provider requests the consumer in advance to suppress the usage amount of the commercial power during the future power suppression period. The request for suppressing the amount of commercial power used is made by the server 200 transmitting a demand response signal (hereinafter referred to as a DR signal) to the energy management device 81 installed in each consumer. The signal receiving unit 81b is connected to the wide area network 100 such as the Internet through the router 83, and receives the DR signal.

  The DR signal includes information on a reduction amount of commercial power and a power suppression period in each consumer. When the display data generation unit 81h receives the DR signal, the display data generation unit 81h generates the DR information for requesting the suppression of the commercial power by notifying the reduction amount of the commercial power, the power suppression period, and the like. 82. The display terminal 82 displays this DR information. In general, the DR signal is transmitted on the day before the day when the power suppression period is set. When the power suppression period is afternoon, the DR signal may be transmitted in the morning of the day.

  As a response to the demand response, the amount of commercial power supplied from the system power supply 61 can be reduced by using the generated power of the fuel cell 63 as much as possible during the power suppression period. However, the fuel cell 63 stops power generation by the power generation unit 631 when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 (determined by the amount of hot water stored and the hot water temperature) is fully stored.

  Therefore, the power control unit 81c generates power of the fuel cell 63 until the power suppression period is started so that the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 at the start of the power suppression period becomes the minimum amount (second predetermined amount). Control the behavior. This minimum amount is the minimum amount of hot water that is considered necessary for the consumer, and can be individually preset by the consumer in a range (including 0) lower than the fully stored state. Since the fuel cell 63 can generate power regardless of the weather, time, etc., the power generation capacity is stable regardless of the set time of the power suppression period and the weather.

  FIG. 3 shows a part of the information table of the fuel cell 63 stored in the power control unit 81c. This information table stores information such as the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 632, the hot water temperature, and the power generation state. The power control unit 81c derives the current heat storage amount from the current hot water storage amount and hot water temperature.

  FIG. 4 shows a time-series operation by demand response. First, the energy management apparatus 81 receives a DR signal at time t1. The notification period T1 is from time t1 to time t2 on the next day when the power suppression period T2 is started. The power suppression period T2 is set at times t2 to t3, and includes a grace period T21 and a suppression continuation period T22. When the power suppression period T2 ends, the return period T3 is set at times t3 to t4.

  The grace period T21 is a grace period for the consumer to perform the commercial power suppression control, and is required to complete the commercial power suppression control during the grace period T21. The suppression continuation period T22 is a period during which commercial power suppression control is continued. The return period T3 is a period for stopping the commercial power suppression control and restoring the amount of commercial power used.

  Specifically, when the signal receiving unit 81b receives the DR signal, the power control unit 81c compares the current heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 with the minimum amount. The power control unit 81c stops the power generation of the fuel cell 63 if the heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the minimum amount. Then, in the notification period T1 (until the power suppression period T2 is started), the power control unit 81c causes the fuel cell 63 to generate power when the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is used and the heat storage amount falls below the minimum amount. Thus, the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 is matched with the minimum amount.

  Note that the process of matching the heat storage amount at the start time t2 to the minimum amount is the heat storage in a predetermined period before the start time t2, within a predetermined period after the start time t2, or within a predetermined period before and after the start time t2. The process of matching the amount to the minimum amount is also included. The time length of the predetermined period can be arbitrarily set, and is set to 30 minutes, for example. Moreover, it is not necessary to make the heat storage amount coincide with the minimum amount continuously throughout the predetermined period, and the heat storage amount may be made to coincide with the minimum amount at an arbitrary timing within the predetermined period.

  When the power suppression period T2 is started, the power control unit 81c executes power generation of the fuel cell 63, supplies power to the general load 70 and the specific load 80, and suppresses the amount of commercial power used. Thus, since the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 is the minimum amount, the power generation amount that can be generated by the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period T2 is sufficiently secured. Therefore, the power control unit 81c can suppress the commercial power over the power suppression period T2 by using the generated power of the fuel cell 63 instead of the commercial power. Note that the lower the set value for the minimum amount, the greater the amount of power that the fuel cell 63 can generate during the power suppression period T2.

  Further, the power control unit 81c uses the discharge power of the storage battery 62 and the generated power of the solar battery 64 with priority over the generated power and commercial power of the fuel cell 63 in the power suppression period T2. That is, when the discharge power of the storage battery 62 and the generated power of the solar battery 64 are used during the power suppression period T2, the amount of generated power and commercial power used by the fuel cell 63 can be reduced. Therefore, the generated power of the fuel cell 63 can be used more efficiently within the power suppression period T2, and the power saving effect is enhanced by further reducing the amount of commercial power used.

  Then, when the return period T3 is reached, the power control unit 81c stops the power generation of the fuel cell 63 and restores the amount of commercial power used.

  Further, the load control unit 81d can control each operation of the general load 70 and the specific load 80 by communicating (wireless or wired) with the general load 70 and the specific load 80. The DR signal includes information (suppressed power information) regarding the upper limit value of the amount of commercial power used by each consumer. For example, the suppressed power information includes the degree of suppression of the amount of commercial power used by each consumer (for example, 60%), the amount of commercial power reduced by each customer (for example, a reduction of 10 kW), and the usage of commercial power by each consumer. It is expressed by an upper limit value (for example, 15 kW) of the amount.

  Based on this suppression power information, the load control unit 81d grasps the upper limit value of the commercial power usage amount (the upper limit usage amount of the commercial power) in the power suppression period T2. Then, the load control unit 81d controls the operation of the general load 70 and the specific load 80 (load operation) so that the usage amount of the commercial power during the power suppression period T2 does not exceed the upper limit usage amount. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the load control unit 81 d is configured such that the power P0 supplied to the load during the power suppression period T2 is the upper limit usage amount P1 of commercial power, the discharge power P2 of the storage battery 62, and the fuel cell 63. The operation of the load is controlled so as to be less than or equal to the sum of the generated power P3 and the generated power P4 of the solar battery 64. That is, the load control unit 81d determines that the power P0 supplied to the load during the power suppression period T2 is the upper limit usage amount P1 of commercial power, the generated power P3 of the fuel cell 63, and other power sources that supply power to the load. The operation of the load is controlled so as to be equal to or less than the sum of the supplied power. Here, the operation of the load controlled by the load controller 81d includes control of the set temperature of the air conditioning equipment, control of the air flow, lighting on / off / dimming control, control of the set temperature of the floor heating equipment, and the like.

  Therefore, the load control unit 81d controls the operation of the load, so that the usage amount of the commercial power during the power suppression period T2 can be suppressed to be equal to or less than the upper limit usage amount notified by the DR signal. In addition, if the system does not include a power supply (storage battery 62, solar battery 64, etc.) that supplies power to the load other than the system power supply 61 and the fuel cell 63, the load control unit 81d supplies the load during the power suppression period T2. The operation of the load is controlled so that the electric power P <b> 0 is equal to or less than the sum of the upper limit usage amount P <b> 1 of the commercial power and the generated power P <b> 3 of the fuel cell 63.

  However, even if the power control unit 81c controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 during the notification period T1, the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 may exceed the minimum amount. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to perform the following processing.

  First, the hot water usage predicting unit 81f predicts the hot water amount of the hot water storage tank 632 used by the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2. For example, the hot water usage prediction unit 81f stores the hot water usage history of the hot water storage tank 632, and the hot water storage tank 632 used by the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 based on past hot water usage trends. Predict the amount of hot water.

  Further, the generated power prediction unit 81g predicts the generated power of the solar battery 64 supplied to the load by the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2. For example, the generated power prediction unit 81g obtains weather information up to the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 from a server (not shown) on the wide area network 100, and generates the generated power of the solar cell 64 based on the weather information. Predict.

  Then, the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e uses the prediction result of the hot water amount prediction unit 81f and the prediction result of the generated power prediction unit 81g to determine whether or not the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 matches the minimum amount. Judgment.

  For example, the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e matches the heat storage amount at time t2 with the minimum amount based on the amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 and the generated power of the solar battery 64 used until the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2. The power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 is simulated. When the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e predicts that the heat storage amount at time t2 exceeds the minimum amount using the simulation result, the display data generation unit 81h generates a notification signal and transmits the notification signal to the display terminal 82. . The notification signal includes image information and audio information that request the consumer to use the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632. In this case, the display data generation unit 81h corresponds to a notification signal output unit.

  The display terminal 82 prompts the consumer to actively use hot water by displaying the image information of the notification signal on the screen and notifying the voice information. In this case, it is preferable that the remaining amount of time until the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 is notified by the display terminal 82 of the amount of hot water to be used. And the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is used for floor heating, snow melting, a bath, etc., The heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 is lowered to the minimum amount.

Therefore, even if the amount of heat stored at time t2 exceeds the minimum amount only by the power generation control of the fuel cell 63, the amount of stored heat at the start time t2 is reduced to the minimum amount by discharging hot water in the hot water storage tank 632. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the power generated by the fuel cell 63 in the power suppression period T 2.

  Further, if the power control unit 81c instructs the fuel cell 63 to control discharge of hot water from the hot water storage tank 632, processing when the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e predicts that the heat storage amount at time t2 exceeds the minimum amount As follows, the following processing may be executed.

  First, the power control unit 81c compares the generation cost of hot water to be discharged in order to minimize the amount of stored heat with the price (incentive) acquired when the commercial power requested by the DR signal is suppressed. .

The cost of producing hot water is
Hot water production cost = gas unit price (yen / m ³ ) x gas capacity required for power generation (m ³ ) + water unit price (yen / m ³ ) x water volume (m ³ )
Is calculated by

The compensation you get when you run commercial power suppression is
Consideration = Amount of power that can be generated by the fuel cell 63 (Wh) x Incentive unit price (yen / Wh)
Is calculated by Note that the amount of power that can be generated by the fuel cell 63 is the amount of power that can be generated by the fuel cell 63 having the lowest heat storage amount at time t2 during the power suppression period T2.

  If the value is equal to or higher than the production cost of hot water, the power control unit 81c instructs the fuel cell 63 to discharge the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632, thereby reducing the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2. To match. This discharged hot water may be stored in a bathtub, or may be discharged to the roof, garden, road, etc. of a detached house for snow melting and snow melting prevention. The hot water discharge control of the hot water storage tank 632 may be executed at this time t2 when the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 exceeds the minimum amount.

  If the hot water generation cost is greater than the price, the power control unit 81c uses the generated power that is possible with the amount of heat stored in the fuel cell 63 at time t2 without discharging the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632, and the commercial power Perform suppression control.

Therefore, consideration by the incentive is greater than cost of generating hot water, so to automatically discharge the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the power generated by the fuel cell 63 in the power suppression period T 2. In other words, if the consideration due to the incentive is greater than the cost of producing hot water, the consideration due to the incentive can be made as large as possible.

  Moreover, when the production cost of hot water is larger than the value of the incentive, the cost on the customer side can be suppressed by not automatically discharging the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632.

The electric power control unit 81c derives the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 from both the hot water storage amount and the hot water temperature, but the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 may be derived using only the hot water storage amount. In this case, the heat storage amount is proportional only to the hot water storage amount.

  The above-described energy management device 81 (control device for the cogeneration device) supplies generated power to a load, generates hot water during power generation, and the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 for storing the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount. If it becomes, it will control the fuel cell 63 (cogeneration apparatus) which stops electric power generation. The energy management device 81 includes an information acquisition unit 81a that acquires information on the amount of heat storage, a signal reception unit 81b that receives a demand response signal that requests suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during the power suppression period, and the fuel cell 63. And a power control unit 81c for controlling the power generation operation. When the signal receiving unit 81b receives the demand response signal, the power control unit 81c is configured so that the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 at the start of the power suppression period is a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. The power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 is controlled until the power suppression period is started.

  Further, in the above-described control method of the fuel cell 63 (cogeneration apparatus), the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 that supplies generated power to a load, generates hot water during power generation, and stores the generated hot water is a first predetermined amount. If it becomes above, the fuel cell 63 which stops electric power generation is controlled. And the information of a heat storage amount is acquired and the demand response signal which requests | requires suppression of the commercial power supplied to a load in an electric power suppression period is received. And when a demand response signal is received, until a power suppression period is started so that the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. The power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 is controlled.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Distribution board 20 Self-supporting distribution board 30 Power supply switching device 40 Measuring apparatus 50 Power converter 61 System power supply 62 Storage battery 63 Fuel cell (cogeneration apparatus)
64 Solar cell 70 General load 80 Specific load 81 Energy management device (control device for cogeneration system)
81a Information acquisition unit 81b Signal reception unit 81c Power control unit 81d Load control unit 81e Heat storage amount prediction unit 81f Hot water usage prediction unit 81g Power generation power prediction unit 81h Display data generation unit (notification signal output unit)
82 Display terminal

Claims (8)

A cogeneration system that controls a cogeneration system that stops power generation when the generated power is supplied to a load, hot water is generated during power generation, and the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount. A control device,
An information acquisition unit for acquiring information of the heat storage amount;
A signal receiving unit that receives a demand response signal for requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period;
A power control unit for controlling the power generation operation of the cogeneration device ;
A heat storage amount prediction unit that predicts the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period; and
When the heat storage amount prediction unit predicts that the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period exceeds a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount, it is required to use hot water in the hot water storage tank. A notification signal output unit for outputting a notification signal to be transmitted ,
The power control section, when the signal receiver receives the demand response signals, as heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period is pre-Symbol second predetermined amount, said power suppression A control device for a cogeneration device that controls power generation operation of the cogeneration device until a period starts. A cogeneration system that controls a cogeneration system that stops power generation when the generated power is supplied to a load, hot water is generated during power generation, and the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount. A control device,
An information acquisition unit for acquiring information of the heat storage amount;
A signal receiving unit that receives a demand response signal for requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period;
A power control unit for controlling the power generation operation of the cogeneration device;
A heat storage amount prediction unit for predicting the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period;
With
In the power control unit, when the signal receiving unit receives the demand response signal, the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. So as to control the power generation operation of the cogeneration device until the power suppression period is started,
When the heat storage amount prediction unit predicts that the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period exceeds the second predetermined amount, the power control unit sets the heat storage amount as the second predetermined amount. The generation cost of hot water discharged for the purpose is compared with the value acquired when the suppression of the commercial power requested by the demand response signal is performed, and when the price exceeds the generation cost, the hot water storage tank Instructing the cogeneration system to discharge hot water
Controller of the cogeneration apparatus characterized by. The control device for a cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the power control unit causes the cogeneration apparatus to perform a power generation operation in the power suppression period . The demand response signal includes information on the upper limit value of the amount of commercial power used in the power suppression period,
The power supplied to the load during the power suppression period depends on the generated power of the cogeneration apparatus, the upper limit value of the usage amount of the commercial power, and other power sources that supply power to the load during the power suppression period The control device for a cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , further comprising a load control unit that controls the operation of the load so as to be equal to or less than a sum of supply power . A hot water usage amount predicting unit for predicting the hot water amount of the hot water storage tank used by the start of the power suppression period;
The heat storage amount prediction unit determines whether or not the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period matches the second predetermined amount using a prediction result of the hot water use prediction unit. The control device of the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . A generated power prediction unit that predicts the generated power of a solar cell that supplies power to the load in a period until the power suppression period starts;
The heat storage amount prediction unit determines whether or not the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period matches the second predetermined amount, the prediction result of the hot water amount prediction unit and the prediction result of the generated power prediction unit 6. The control device for a cogeneration apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the determination is made using A cogeneration system that controls a cogeneration system that stops power generation when the generated power is supplied to a load, hot water is generated during power generation, and the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount. A control method,
  Obtain information on the amount of heat storage,
  Receiving a demand response signal requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period;
  When the demand response signal is received, the power suppression period is started so that the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. Control the power generation operation of the cogeneration system until
  When the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period is predicted to exceed a second predetermined amount that is smaller than the first predetermined amount, a notification signal requesting that hot water in the hot water storage tank be used is output.
  A control method for a cogeneration apparatus. A cogeneration system that controls a cogeneration system that stops power generation when the generated power is supplied to a load, hot water is generated during power generation, and the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank that stores the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount. A control method,
Obtain information on the amount of heat storage,
Receiving a demand response signal requesting suppression of commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period;
When the demand response signal is received, the power suppression period is started so that the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount. controls the power generation operation of the cogeneration system to,
When the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period is predicted to exceed the second predetermined amount, the generation cost of hot water discharged to make the heat storage amount the second predetermined amount, and the demand response Comparing with the consideration acquired when the suppression of the commercial power requested by the signal is executed, and when the consideration exceeds the generation cost, instructing the cogeneration apparatus to discharge hot water from the hot water storage tank A control method for a cogeneration apparatus.

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