JP6317805B2 - 局所用プロゲステロン組成物 - Google Patents
局所用プロゲステロン組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6317805B2 JP6317805B2 JP2016502396A JP2016502396A JP6317805B2 JP 6317805 B2 JP6317805 B2 JP 6317805B2 JP 2016502396 A JP2016502396 A JP 2016502396A JP 2016502396 A JP2016502396 A JP 2016502396A JP 6317805 B2 JP6317805 B2 JP 6317805B2
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Description
経皮的な送達方法は、皮膚を直接通した医薬の吸収を可能にする。ゲル剤、乳剤、クリーム剤、スプレー剤及び貼付剤は使いやすくかつ薬物の経皮送達に有効である。しかしながら現行の経皮送達経路は、局所効果を発揮するか又は血液循環中に入るかのいずれかのための薬物を送達するのに利用される。
例えば、プロゲステロン又はプロゲスチンは、疼痛、炎症、及び挫傷を制御するために頭蓋部投与されることが可能である。プロゲステロンはドライアイを治療するために頭蓋部方法により送達されることも可能である。プロゲステロンはさらに、コンタクトレンズ装用に関連した不快感、発赤、及び刺激を減少させることも可能である。頭蓋部投与されたプロゲステロンは、コンタクトレンズを装用することに起因する細胞損傷のリスク及びドライアイの発症を予防又は低減することができる。プロゲステロンの効果はさらに、コンタクトレンズ装用者がコンタクトレンズ装用期間を増やすことも可能にする。
コンタクトレンズの不快感、医原性の原因で生じる眼の不快感、眼アレルギー、眼組織の損傷、眼の発赤、眼の炎症状態、眼瞼炎、マイボーム腺嚢腫、ブドウ膜炎、点状角膜炎、網膜炎、失読症、疼痛、神経痛、眼瞼痙攣、及び顔面神経麻痺を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物の使用が開示され、該組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与される。顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁であってよい。
さらに、向神経性の微生物により媒介される疾患又は状態を治療するための抗微生物剤の使用が提供され、該組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与される。顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁であってよい。向神経性の微生物は向神経性ウイルスであってよく、抗微生物剤は、ガンシクロビル、アシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、リバビリン、ファムシクロビル、オセルタマビル(oseltamavir)、ドコサノール、ペンシクロビル、シドフォビル、リマンタジン、ザナミビル、又はホスカルネットであってよい。向神経性の微生物により媒介される状態は眼表面疾患であってよい。向神経性の微生物は水痘帯状疱疹(Varicella zoster)又は単純ヘルペス(Herpes simplex)であってよい。向神経性の微生物により媒介される疾患はヘルペス性角膜炎であってよい。
精神活性化合物の頭蓋部送達
前頭部への局所投与は、中枢神経系に作用する医薬化合物を送達するための新規かつ便利な方法である。これらには、例えば、興奮誘発剤、抗精神病薬、不安緩解剤、ベンゾジアゼピン、抗うつ薬、抗ナルコレプシー薬、筋弛緩薬、抗痙攣薬、鎮痛剤が挙げられる。この方法によって送達可能な他の医薬品には、限定するものではないが、双極性障害、不眠症、認知症、結合組織炎、多発性硬化症、神経筋障害、パーキンソン病、注意欠陥多動性障害(ADHD)、ナルコレプシー、アルツハイマー病、発作性障害の治療のための医薬品が挙げられる。より完全なリストは、以下の表1に示されている。
患者は手術、放射線照射、及び化学療法に続いて20か月間のデキサメサゾン療法を受けてきた。1日当たり16mgから1日当たり1.5mgまでデキサメサゾンの用量が漸減された後、患者は飲み下すことができず、食欲の喪失を訴えた。ドロナビノールは、1用量当たり2.5mgとして1日1回患者の前頭部に投与された。飲み下し(swallowing)及び食欲における改善が初回投与後24時間以内に示された。患者は、ドロナビノールの4週間の局所施用の後に健全な食欲と飲み下し問題のないこととを報告した。
実施例1に記載された患者は、前頭葉の多形神経膠芽腫を除去する外科手術に起因する認知障害の併発状態に見舞われた。認知障害は手術後2年間継続し、その時点で頭蓋部送達されるドロナビノールを用いた治療が開始された。患者の担当医らは、頭蓋部送達されるドロナビノール療法が開始されて以来、認知機能における劇的な改善、加えて画像化により検出される手術領域周辺の瘢痕組織の顕著な減少を認めた。
対象者は、10年間にわたる左三叉神経痛及び左側の顔面下垂を呈していた。
治療法は、患者の前頭部に1mg相当のプロゲステロン(重量比で1%)を毎日4回局所施用することにより開始された。これに続いて0.15gのガンシクロビル(重量比で0.15%の調合物として)が毎日最大で5回施用された。
実施例4:ヘルペス性角膜炎の治療
67歳の男性は、56歳で活動性の角膜帯状疱疹を最初に発症した。この男性は、古典的な帯状疱疹の症状、例えば、前頭部の左半球側の片側性皮膚病変、鼻梁領域及び尖部を含まない鼻の下方;左側角膜の樹枝状病変、角膜炎及び浮腫;機能的視力の喪失、42mmHgもの高さの眼内圧上昇、結膜の刺激感及び発赤並びに角膜知覚喪失(anesthetic cornea)を呈した。さらに一般的な身体のインフルエンザ症状もあった。この人は幼年期の水痘及び単核症の病歴を有していた。
この時点で、1%の局所用プロゲステロン(およそ1mgのプロゲステロン)が、角膜に穿孔が生じるのを防止して完全な涙液層を維持する方法として最初に投与された。該薬物は、局所用の抗生物質及びコルチコステロイドと共に前頭部に毎日4回施用された。さらなる角膜の劣化は食い止められ、局所用プロゲステロン以外の全ての他の薬物治療は徐々に中止された。前頭部への1mgプロゲステロンを用いるが他の薬物は用いない1日当たり2〜3回の1年間の治療の間、角膜は穿孔を生じないままであった。
52歳の男性患者は幼年期に失読症と診断された。症状には、読字時の両眼固視不安定、補正を伴わずにある行の終わりと次の行の始めとを見つけることができないこと、及び印刷物の行を二重に重複して認識することが含まれた。この男性はさらに、滑らかに音読することもできなかった。
治療は、利益期間を決定するために10週間後に中断された。10日後、この人は、利益が継続しており、ごくわずかしか悪化していないことを報告した。
治療後、上記に議論された読字能力の改善に加えて、この男性は、TBIによって一般には損傷される高次機能の改善を経験した。この男性はストレスがはるかに低レベルになったことを報告した。衝突事故の後、この男性は大きな音が引き金となって起きる外傷後ストレス障害に苦しんだ。該患者は、悪心を引き起こすので音楽を聴くことさえできなかった。プロゲステロン治療の開始の2か月後、この男性はかなりの社会的適応性を回復し、考えをまとめる能力を高め、散漫な思考をなくし、理路整然と書く能力を獲得した。男性はさらに頭の中で簡単な数学を行う能力についても報告したが、治療前の7年以上の間この作業を行うことはできなかった。
5年前に後期アルツハイマー病と診察された84歳の女性は、極端な激越、攻撃行動、並びにこの女性の介護者が対処することの難しい夜間の情動不安及び見当識障害の発現に苦しんでいる。およそ(Approxinmately)2mgのドロナビノールがこの女性の前頭部に頭蓋部送達された。
ドライアイに起因する眼の不快感と診断された27人の患者は、1日当たり1回又は2回前頭部に施用される局所用プロゲステロン(重量比で0.5%〜1%、1回の施用当たりおよそ1〜4mgのプロゲステロンに相当)を用いて治療された。
58歳の女性は、毎分平均73回の瞬目率を有していた。前頭部に局所施用された14日間の1%プロゲステロンゲル剤の後の再度の眼科検査では、瞬目率は毎分18回まで減少した。
68歳の男性及び68歳の女性は、前頭部に0.05%シクロスポリン乳剤を3滴施用することにより眼の刺激を生じた。5分以内に眼は刺激されかつ刺痛に至り、眼瞼が重くなった。水分の産生はなかった。不快感は時間とともに強まった。10分後、残留薬物が前頭部から取り除かれ、1%プロゲステロンが施用された。2分以内に刺激及び刺痛が消え始めた。
67歳の閉経後の女性は、化学療法の後に睫毛をすべて失い、その治療が終了してから9年の間には自然な再増殖が生じなかった。1%プロゲステロンゲル剤(1mg)の頭蓋部施用が毎日1回始められた。2週間後、女性の上睫毛及び下睫毛が増殖し始め、注目に値した。女性の睫毛はプロゲステロン投与の停止後に抜け落ちた。少なくとも1%のプロゲステロンを毎日再施用すると睫毛の増殖は再開した。睫毛の出現及び消失は女性の上下眼瞼にわたって均一であった。
62歳の女性は、前頭部に1%プロゲステロンを3週間施用した後の睫毛及び眉毛の増殖を報告した。
実施例11:家庭動物のドライアイの治療
パグル犬は眼からの粘液分泌物を呈していた。この犬の前頭部へのプロゲステロンの施用は24時間以内に症状の改善をもたらした。毎日の局所的な前頭部への治療を4日間用いた後、その問題はもはや再発しなかった。飼い主は、この犬が春と秋にこの問題を抱えることを報告したが、このことはアレルギー性の季節性鼻炎であることを示している。報告された使用は秋に行なわれた。
68歳の男性及び25〜45歳の男性は、ビタミンA、1mgのキセアキサンチン(xeaxanthin)及び5mgのルテインを含有する溶液を前頭部に施用した。潤滑性、眼瞼の摩擦がより少ないこと、及び瞬目が少ないことによって例証されるような眼の快適感が15分以内に経験された。
>80歳の女性は4回の眼の手術を受け、2種の緑内障用点眼剤(ドゾラミド(dozolamide)−チモロール複合薬及びトラバプロスト(travaprost))を眼用潤滑ゲルと併用して1日2回の治療を受けていた。毎日3回の1%プロゲステロンの前頭部への施用の1か月以内に、対象者は潤滑点眼剤の使用をやめることができた。発赤も消失した。
過去10年にわたって1年に1回又は2回、20mgデュロキセチンHCl(CYMBALTA(商標))を経口で7〜10日間の短期間服用した67歳の男性は、該薬物療法の間に薬剤誘発性の食欲不振を経験した。この状態は2日目の投薬の後にはかなり顕著であり、3回目の投薬により食欲は完全に失われた。この反応はすべての期間において生じた。
67歳の男性は3回の別個の機会に自身の前頭部に1mgのミダゾラムを施用した。各々の施用により、5分以内に、穏やかな鎮静及び抗不安の状態に達する非常に迅速な応答を生じた。上記の効果は薬物の施用後4〜6時間持続した。
67歳の女性は左遠位橈骨及び尺骨茎状部の手首骨折を負い、後に激痛を伴った。前頭部へのおよそ4mgのプロゲステロンの局所施用は、施用の15分以内に疼痛の著しい減少をもたらした。
本明細書中に開示された特徴はすべて、任意の組み合わせに組み合わせることが可能である。本明細書中に開示された特徴はそれぞれ、同一、等価、又は類似の目的に役立つ代替の特徴に置き換えられてもよい。よって、明示的に別段の定めがなされないかぎり、開示された特徴はそれぞれ、包括的な一連の等価又は類似の特徴の一例にすぎない。
Claims (18)
- コンタクトレンズの不快感を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 医原性の原因で生じる眼の不快感を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼アレルギーを治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼組織の損傷を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼の発赤を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼の炎症状態を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼瞼炎を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- マイボーム腺嚢腫を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- ブドウ膜炎を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 点状角膜炎を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 網膜炎を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 失読症を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 睫毛及び眉毛の増殖を刺激するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 疼痛を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 神経痛を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼瞼痙攣を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 顔面神経麻痺を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、顔面の、眼の眼瞼部を含まない領域に投与されるものである、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
- 眼の疾患又は状態を治療するための局所用プロゲステロン組成物であって、前記局所用プロゲステロン組成物は、前記眼の疾患又は状態を有していることが同定された対象者の前頭部、こめかみ部、頬の上部、又は鼻梁に局所投与されるものであり、
前記眼の疾患又は状態は、コンタクトレンズの不快感、眼アレルギー、眼組織の損傷、眼の発赤、アレルギー性結膜炎、角膜の損傷、眼の手術又は眼の薬物治療に起因する眼の不快感、眼瞼炎、マイボーム腺嚢腫、ブドウ膜炎、点状角膜炎、網膜炎、失読症に関連した視力の問題、ヘルペス性角膜炎に起因する角膜の病変及び菲薄化、短く疎な睫毛及び眉毛、緑内障、眼性酒さ、網膜血管炎、眼性酒さ、水疱性類天疱瘡、粘膜類天疱瘡、シェーグレン症候群、上強膜炎、強膜炎、視神経炎、虚血性視神経症、眼痛、黄斑変性症、糖尿病性網膜症、単純ヘルペス角膜炎並びに眼内炎、で構成されている群から選択される、局所用プロゲステロン組成物。
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