JP6292372B2 - Greening methods such as deserts - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for greening a desert or the like that enables the greening of a rich climate using a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet in a desert or the like that has a large evaporation amount with respect to rainfall and is extremely dry.

In recent years, vast deserts such as the Sahara Desert, the world's largest desert in the northern part of Africa, the Gobi Desert in the inland part of Eurasia, the Great Victory Desert in the Australian continent, and the Great Sandy Desert continue to increase. To stop this, greening is being considered, but the following problems must be overcome.
1. Sand moves by wind. Due to this, there is a wind damage where the roots are exposed and the plants are covered with sand.
2. Sand has no water holding capacity.
3. There is evaporation of water by sunlight.
4). There is salt damage caused by irrigation.
5. The temperature difference between day and night is intense.
6). Desertification has occurred due to population growth that uses wood that grows slightly due to population growth as fuel.
7). The number of livestock has increased, and desertification has occurred due to livestock that eats up pasture.

  For this reason, the present invention solves the items 1 to 5 described above, and inevitably solves the items 6 and 7 by expanding the greening of the desert. Until now, many researchers have tried to retain water, and irrigated and planted by the country and people, but many of them have not been fully effective. The reason is that a lot of cost and labor were wasted because it tried to respond to the vast desert by irrigation and afforestation.

  In order to green the vast desert, the present invention is a method adapted to nature by utilizing the characteristics of the desert, that is, reviving the desert to green by revitalizing the desert to green by revitalizing the natural healing power. Is focused on.

Therefore, first consider the characteristics of the desert.
1. There is inexhaustible sand in the desert.
2. Sand has capillary action. In particular, the finer the sand, the stronger the capillary phenomenon.
3. Sand has a purifying action with the function of a filter, and organisms do not recommend it.
4). There is intense sunlight in the desert.
5. Many deserts have groundwater.
6). There is a place with the sea near the desert.
7). There are places near the desert where there are non-drinkable water such as rivers and ponds.

Considering these things,
The method of greening the desert is to create a reservoir in the desert using sand, which is a feature of the desert. Specifically, a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet is laid in the desert and a layer of sand is formed on it. It is. In particular, the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet has the function of blocking water from penetrating into the basement and retaining water, and is optimal for creating a reservoir in the desert.

Therefore, the characteristics of sand and super water-repellent nanofiber sheet will be described.
First, the characteristics of sand are as follows: There is infinite sand in the desert.
2. Since sand has a capillary action, it is possible to retain water so that water can permeate from a low place to a high place.
3. The greater the amount of sand, the greater the amount of water retained.
4). When the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet has a sand layer, water pressure is not directly applied to the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet due to the capillary action of sand. In other words, the sand layer can be made infinitely thick, and in the desert you can easily create a huge reservoir.

Next, the characteristics of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet are as follows. It becomes super water-repellent by making a water-repellent polymer such as polypropylene and polyethylene into a nanofiber sheet.
2. The super water-repellent nanofiber sheet can be installed according to the desert terrain by a simple method, such as simply placing sand on a sheet that has been laid down together by overlapping the ends. It becomes.
3. It is very light and can be as large as 30m ² with 1kg.
In other words, the sheet is 1.5m wide x 100m and weighs about 5kg.
4). Because it can be made from waste materials such as plastic bottles, it is inexpensive.
5. Good thermal insulation.
6). Good light shielding.

Therefore, the reason for using the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet will be described below.
1. Super water-repellent nanofiber sheet is inexpensive.
(1) By recycling PET bottles into nanofibers, it becomes an inexpensive system that doubles as waste disposal for PET bottles.
(2) A 1 kg super water-repellent nanofiber sheet can be used in an area of 30 m ² .
2. Easy to install.
(1) The end of each super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet can be waterproofed by simply overlaying about 15-30 cm and applying sand.
(2) Simplify the watering by spreading the water using the capillary action of sand.
(3) Sand containing water will not scatter. When dry sand is placed on sand containing water, the water penetrates into the sand due to capillary action and does not scatter.
(4) Be light. A 3 m wide nanofiber sheet 100 m is 10 kg.
(5) It can be installed manually without using heavy machinery.
3. A super water-repellent nanofiber sheet can be installed without leveling the undulations in the desert.
4). Super water-repellent nanofiber sheet can prevent evaporation of water by intense sunlight in the daytime, and can keep the heat retention under super water-repellent nanofiber sheet from cooling at night.
5. If we calculate the greening cost of desert using super water-repellent nanofiber sheet, we will use the waste material of PET bottles for the material cost. Currently, the price of recycled pets in Japan is about 40 yen per kg. Electricity is required to create the nanofiber sheet, but it is free because it uses sunlight.
In order to make 1ha (100m x 100m) a reservoir, a 1kg plastic bottle can handle an area of about 30 square meters, so (10000/30) x 40 = 333kg can be handled. The cost is 333 kg × 40 yen = 13,320 yen. For example, since the area of the desert in China is 1.74 million square kilometers, the cost is (174 × 10000 × 10000/30) × 40 = 2.32 trillion yen. This is a material cost, but not an unrealizable amount.

  Therefore, the first object of the present invention is to stop the desertification by using the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet and to try to green the desert.

  Next, another object of the present invention is to prevent the direct sunlight from burning sunlight during the daytime, reduce the evaporation of moisture from the surface, suppress the radiative cooling phenomenon of geothermal heat at night, and keep the surface warm. It was to keep it.

  Another object of the present invention is that construction is possible by a simple method such as no need for heavy machinery and only human power.

  Another object of the present invention is to reduce the cost and running cost.

  Another object of the present invention is to use industrial waste such as plastic bottles to contribute to environmental conservation.

As a way to stop the expansion of the desert, activities such as afforestation cannot green the vast desert. To that end, large-scale irrigation is necessary. For this purpose, fresh water and a reservoir to store it are required. Therefore, the present inventor has found that deserts are suitable for collecting water from the following viewpoints based on various experiments, and has focused on the fact that a reservoir can be created in the desert, and completed desert greening. is there.
1. Sand must have capillary action.
2. Capable of suppressing the evaporation of sunlight by accumulating water in the sand.
3. There should be plenty of groundwater in the desert basement.
4). The more sand you have, the more water you can store.
5. Do not scatter sand containing water.
6). Sand that has accumulated on sand that contains water must be penetrated by capillarity.

  Therefore, the first solution of the present invention is to spread a super water-repellent nanofiber sheet on a dry desert and to pile up sand on it.

  The second solution of the present invention is that a necessary amount of water pumped up from the ground water, seawater, and sewage is supplied to the accumulated sand through the nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus developed by the present inventor to form a reservoir lake. .

  The third solution of the present invention is that the surface of the reservoir is covered with a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet.

  Here, the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet is manufactured by laminating thin layers made of nanofibers having a fiber diameter of 10 nm to 1 μm by an air blow type electrospinning method or a melt electrospinning method developed by the present inventors. In this case, it is preferable to produce by an air blow type electrospinning method or a melt electrospinning method because a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet having a uniform layer thickness can be mass-produced.

  As the material of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet used for the air blow type electrospinning method or the melt electrospinning method, a thermoplastic polymer PET bottle such as polypropylene, polyethylene or polyester is used as it is. In particular, plastic bottles in Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and other countries have become a serious problem in the treatment of industrial waste because plastic bottles are used to supply drinking water. By using it, it leads to reduction of industrial waste and can greatly contribute to environmental conservation.

  In addition, the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet functions to form a reservoir by blocking the outflow of moisture in the sand to the ground by laying the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet on the desert sand. ing.

  In addition, the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet functions to cover the surface of the reservoir, blocking direct sunlight from burning in the daytime, reducing water evaporation from the surface, and radiative cooling of geothermal heat at night. And has the role of maintaining the heat insulation of the surface. Furthermore, the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet also has a role of preventing the sand on the surface from being blown away by wind.

  The operation of the above problem solving means is as follows. The nanometer developed by the inventor was laid down on a dry desert so that the ends of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheets overlap each other without any gaps, and sand was piled on top of it, and the water pumped up from groundwater, seawater, or sewage The required amount is supplied through a fiber membrane desalination system. As a result, the water supplied to the sand is spread throughout the sand by the capillary action of the sand, and the sand is formed as a water reservoir. As a result, this reservoir is formed as an oasis that enables the growth of rich crops and plants.

  In addition, since the surface of the reservoir was covered with a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet, direct sunlight was blocked during the daytime to reduce the evaporation of water from the surface and reduce the radiant cooling of geothermal heat at night. It is possible to suppress the temperature of the surface and maintain the surface and to enable the growth of rich crops and plants. Furthermore, the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet also exhibits an effect of preventing the sand on the surface from being blown away by wind.

  In addition, the nanofiber membrane desalination system that supplies the necessary amount of groundwater, seawater, or sewage pumped to the sand stacked on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet consists of a cooling unit tank, nanofiber thick film A nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus composed of a distiller formed by dividing it into an evaporation chamber and a fresh water chamber, a water storage tank provided at the bottom of the distiller, a heating unit and a water intake provided at the bottom of the water storage tank Connected to the main unit with an introduction pipe for introducing water into the tank of the cooling unit, attached a transfer pipe between the tank of the cooling unit and the water storage tank, and provided a recovery pipe extending to the fresh water container at the intake port to make a large amount of water Because it is configured to produce fresh water, it can remove the salt from seawater and microorganisms in sewage, enabling optimal greening without hindering the growth of crops and plants It is intended to.

1. When water is applied to a thick sand layer, the water spreads into the sand by capillary action, but it is blocked by the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet, preventing water from penetrating into the basement and retaining water in the sand. can do. This makes it possible to create a huge reservoir in the desert.
2. The water pressure applied to the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet due to the capillary phenomenon becomes very low, so that the larger the amount of sand, the more water can be stored.
For example, since it is possible to increase the thickness of the sand to 100 m or more, it is possible to easily create a huge sand reservoir or dam in the desert.
3. It spreads to high places by adding water to the low places due to the capillary action of sand.
For example, it is possible to lay a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet along the desert terrain without digging a hole or leveling it, and just apply sand.
4). Sand that has penetrated water will not be scattered by the wind. In addition, when the sand that has scattered on the sand in which water has permeated, the water has penetrated into the sand that has been scattered by capillarity and is not scattered by the wind. In other words, in the desert, the reservoir lake, or dam, grows even larger by sand scattered by the wind.
5. Since the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet does not pass water from the underground, it can be separated from the basement by the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet layer. In other words, it is impossible to remove salt from salt-damaged land, so a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet is laid on the salt-damaged land, and the salt-free sand below the salt layer is placed on it. Can take measures against salt damage.
6). This method of cutting the edge with the basement can also be applied in the following cases.
(1) Rather than decontaminating fields and fields contaminated with radioactive materials caused by the Fukushima nuclear power plant, they can be regenerated by storing them underground.
(2) When arsenic is mixed in groundwater such as Myanmar and Cambodia, it is possible to collect rain and store safe water by creating a super water-repellent nanofiber sheet and a sand reservoir or dam.
(3) Reservoir lakes or dams can be made with super-water-repellent nanofiber sheets and sand even in places where it rains a lot in the rainforest but water cannot be collected on flat places.
7). By covering the sand or reservoir with a thin super water-repellent nanofiber sheet, it is possible to prevent water evaporation due to intense sunlight in the desert.
8). Furthermore, a thin sand layer can be placed on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet as necessary. The combination of a super water-repellent nanofiber sheet and a thin sand layer is not essential and is installed as needed. And the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet can suppress evaporation of water by totally reflecting sunlight.
That is, (1) The thin sand is for reducing the weight of the water-repellent nanofiber sheet not to be blown by wind and the irradiation of direct sunlight to the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet. When the material of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet is polyethylene, the thin sand layer has an effect of suppressing the deterioration of the polyethylene because the polyethylene may deteriorate in a short period of time when exposed to direct sunlight.
(2) The combination of a super water-repellent nanofiber sheet and a thin sand layer can reflect sunlight and suppress water evaporation. Moreover, it seems that water evaporation can be further suppressed by spraying oil onto the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet.
(3) The super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet has good heat insulating properties and can keep the water-containing sand warm at night.

The manufacturing conceptual diagram of the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet used for this invention is shown. The figure which piled up sand on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet used for the present invention is shown. The figure which formed the layer of the sand on the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet which piled up the edge part of each super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet is shown. The figure which installed the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet along the surface of the desert is shown. The figure which installed the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet along another surface of the desert is shown. The figure which shows the water storage lake formed by including water in the sand piled up on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet. The figure which shows the state which capillarity arises also when dry sand accumulates on the sand containing water, and the water has osmose | permeated from the low place to the high place. The figure which shows the figure which included fresh water in the sand containing water and made the reservoir lake an oasis. The figure which covered the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet on the fresh water of FIG. The figure which shows the water storage lake formed by including water in the sand piled up on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet. The figure which shows the water storage lake which piled up the sand containing salt on the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet, and made this sand contain water. The figure which shows the surface layer of the salt which arose on the surface of sand. FIG. 13 shows a diagram in which superhydrophobic nanofiber sheets are spread on the surface layer of the salt shown in FIG. 12 and sand not containing salt is stacked thereon. The perspective view at the time of constructing the desert greening method of this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of production of a super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 used in the present invention. The super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 is an air blow type electrospinning method or a melt electrospinning method developed by the present inventors. A thin layer made of nanofibers having a fiber diameter of 10 nm to 1 μm is laminated and manufactured. In this case, it is preferable to produce by an air blow type electrospinning method or a melt electrospinning method because a super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet having a uniform layer thickness can be mass-produced.

  At this time, since polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyester does not mix even when melted, the respective super-water-repellent nanofiber sheets are generated without separation.

  In addition, the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet functions to form a reservoir by blocking the outflow of moisture in the sand to the ground by laying the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet on the desert sand. ing.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the joining portion 2 of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet formed in FIG. 1 is overlapped, and sand 3 or soil is applied thereon, thereby preventing water from leaking. Show.

  FIG. 3 shows a state in which the joints 4 of the respective super-water-repellent nanofiber sheets 1 are expanded together, and the capillarity of the sand 3 is caused by covering the expanded super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 with the sand 3. Therefore, the water pressure of the injected water can be suppressed and the water pressure can be prevented from being directly applied, and the water leakage of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 can be prevented. Thus, water leakage can be prevented by applying sand 3 or soil to the joint 4 of the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1.

  FIG. 4 shows a state in which the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 is laid on the surface of the desert 5 having a large difference in height, and sand is applied thereon. Even in the case of desert 5 with a large difference in elevation, the injected water permeates the water from low to high due to sand capillarity, so that the water can be evenly distributed throughout. It shows that water does not leak even in low places.

  FIG. 5 shows that even when the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 is laid on the surface of the flat desert 5, the injected water is distributed over the entire surface, and a preferable reservoir lake can be formed even in the flat desert 5. FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows that a large amount of rain is stored in the sand 3 'containing water on the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 spread on the surface of the desert 5, so that a reservoir lake is formed. It is shown that. In particular, the water is pumped up from the groundwater or from the seaside to the seawater to be desalinated by the nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus 6 and injected.

  FIG. 7 shows a state in which the dry sand 3 scattered on the water-containing sand 3 'is covered. When the dry sand 3 is covered on the water-containing sand 3', capillarity occurs. Water penetrates into the dry sand and does not scatter, and the amount of sand increases, so the amount of water retained increases, and a large reservoir is formed. In addition, water is pumped up especially in the groundwater or in the vicinity of the shore where seawater is pumped up and desalted by the nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus 6.

  FIG. 8 shows an oasis in which groundwater or seawater is pumped up from the coast and desalinated by the nanofiber membrane desalination device 6 and injected into sand containing water to form a reservoir. This oasis was intended to revive the ecosystem.

  FIG. 9 shows that groundwater or seawater is drawn up from the seaside and desalinated by the nanofiber membrane desalination device 6 and injected into sand 3 'containing water to form a reservoir, and the surface of the reservoir is super-repellent. Cover the water-based nanofiber 1 and prevent water evaporation due to intense sunlight in the daytime with the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 so that the heat retention under the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 can be maintained from cooling at night. It is a thing.

  FIG. 10 shows that the reservoir 7 of the sand 3 on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 spread on the surface of the desert 5 can be easily installed at any place. Even if rain or sewage enters, the sand purifies the water, so it becomes clean water. Furthermore, not only in the desert 7, but also in areas where groundwater contains arsenic and heavy metals such as Myanmar and Cambodia, it is possible to easily create a reservoir for sand 3 and collect clean water.

FIG. 11 shows a system for producing salt from a reservoir of sand 3, where salt concentration occurs due to irrigation, and there is a place where a large amount of salt 8 is contained in the sand. Here, salt can be produced by creating a reservoir. Moreover, when desalination such as groundwater exists, osmotic pressure power generation developed by the present inventor can be performed.
In other words, the cause of salt concentration by irrigation is that water spreads in the sand 3 by the capillarity of the sand 3 by watering by irrigation, and salinity in the water spread by the capillarity by water evaporation by the sun. This occurs when the salt melts and rises, and salt concentrates on the surface of the desert 5. Using this phenomenon, fresh water is injected from one of the reservoir lakes, and fresh water and salt are separated and taken out from the other by the nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus 6. The nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus 6 uses sunlight to supply evaporation energy, and generates electric power such as a pump for pumping up groundwater by osmotic pressure power generation.

  FIG. 12 shows a surface layer 10 of salt formed on a sand layer 9 not containing salt. Usually, when irrigation is performed and drainage is insufficient, the groundwater surface rises and salts are generated by capillary action. The groundwater containing the water reaches the surface and continues to be sucked up. As a result, a surface layer of salt formed on the non-salted sand layer 9 is formed.

  FIG. 13 shows a state in which salt damage is counteracted. The super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 is laid on the salt surface layer 10 shown in FIG. Is applied on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1. Accordingly, the edge can be removed from the surface layer 10 of the salt, and salt damage can be taken.

  FIG. 14 shows a desert greening method. First, the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 is spread on the surface of the desert 5. Next, a considerable amount of sand is stacked on the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1. Further, a necessary amount of water pumped up from the groundwater is injected into the stacked sand 3 through the nanofiber membrane desalination apparatus 5. As a result, the water injected into the sand 3 is spread throughout the capillarity of the sand 3 and a reservoir lake for the sand 3 is formed. By planting tree seedlings and plant seeds in this reservoir, lush greening will be possible for a long time. Furthermore, by covering the surface of the sand 3 with the super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 as necessary, the direct sunlight irradiation is blocked during the daytime to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the surface, and the radiation of geothermal heat at night. It is possible to suppress the cooling phenomenon and maintain the heat insulation of the surface, thereby enabling the growth of rich crops and plants. Furthermore, the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet 1 also exhibits the effect of preventing the sand on the surface from being blown away by the wind.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as they are, and can be embodied by modifying the components without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage, and a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiments. Various modifications can be made by an appropriate combination of the above.

  In the present invention, various countermeasures for greening a desert having a large evaporation amount with respect to rainfall and remarkably dry have been attempted in the past. However, there is no satisfactory method, and a preferable countermeasure for greening is desired. The present invention uses a super water-repellent nanofiber sheet, grows by rooting trees and various plants, and is a greening method for deserts and the like that enables greening of a rich climate. The effects that have been eliminated and made practical are enormous.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Super water-repellent nano fiber sheet 2 ... Joint part of super water-repellent nano fiber sheet 3 ... Sand 4 ... Seam of super water-repellent nano fiber sheet 5 ... Desert 6 ... Nano Fiber membrane desalination equipment 7 ... Well 8 ... Large amount of salt in sand 9 ... Sand layer without salt 10 ... Salt surface layer 11 ... Layer without salt

Claims (1)

Super-water-repellent nanofiber sheet with uniform layer thickness with super-water-repellency manufactured by converting nano-fibers of thermoplastic water-repellent polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester by air blow electrospinning or melt electrospinning Laying on the dry desert, stacking sand on it, forming a reservoir lake by injecting the necessary amount of groundwater, seawater, or sewage pumped into the accumulated sand, and forming the surface of the reservoir lake The super water-repellent nanofiber sheet is covered with the super water-repellent nanofiber sheet. The evaporation of water from the surface of the lake can be reduced, and further, the radiation cooling phenomenon of geothermal heat at night can be suppressed to maintain the surface of the reservoir lake. The to have a role of維特, greening method deserts, characterized in that to enable the growth of abundant crops and plants the liquid reservoir.

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