JP6285588B1 - Self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and self-burning carbonization heat treatment method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus, a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method, and the like that can be easily carbonized even with a relatively small size carbonization material such as rice husk and can shorten the time required for carbonization. A self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 includes a cylindrical main body 10, a lid 12 that closes an upper opening 10 a thereof, and a vent hole 20 a that is disposed above a bottom plate 11 in the main body 10. A partition plate 20, an air supply path 31 for introducing air into the supply chamber 30 between the bottom plate 11 and the partition plate 20, and a plurality of ventilation holes that are erected from the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 through the partition plate 20. An exhaust outer cylinder 40 having 40a; an exhaust inner cylinder 50 inserted into the exhaust outer cylinder 40 with the upper opening 50a positioned in the exhaust outer cylinder 40; and the partition plate 20 And an air supply cylinder 60 with a vent hole 60a standing on the partition plate 20 in communication with the vent hole 20a. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  In the present invention, carbonization materials such as rice husk, bamboo powder, wood chips, bamboo chips or nut shells are carbonized by spontaneous combustion in an oxygen-deficient state, or heat-treated materials such as electric wire waste and electric circuit boards are heated. The present invention relates to a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus having a function of processing and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method using the same.

  Various devices having various structures and functions have been developed for carbonization by carbonizing wood pieces, bamboo pieces, etc., by spontaneous combustion in the oxygen-deficient state (hereinafter abbreviated as “self-combustion”). For example, there is a “carbonization apparatus” described in Patent Document 1.

  The “carbonization device” is a substantially sealed furnace body having a plurality of air introduction holes in the inner bottom, a lid plate for opening and closing a material inlet / outlet provided at the upper part of the furnace body, and standing in the furnace body. A carbonization furnace having a heated exhaust pipe whose upper end reaches the vicinity of the furnace body ceiling, an air intake port for supplying air to the air introduction hole, and an air supply amount adjusting means for the air intake port is provided.

  The heating exhaust tube constituting the carbonization furnace includes an outer tube having an exhaust introduction hole communicating with the space in the furnace at the lower portion and closed at the upper portion, and an inner tube disposed concentrically in the outer tube. A double cylinder is formed, and the inner cylinder has an upper end that opens near the top of the outer cylinder, and a lower end that communicates with an exhaust path to the outside of the furnace. The carbonizing material loaded in the tank has a function of self-combusting and carbonizing in an oxygen-deficient state.

JP 2004-339327 A

  The “carbonization apparatus” described in Patent Document 1 is used when carbonizing a carbonization material having a relatively large size (for example, a length of about 100 mm to 150 mm and a maximum outer diameter of about 50 mm to 100 mm) such as a piece of wood or a bamboo piece. Can be suitably used, but carbonization materials having a relatively small size (for example, an outer diameter or a particle size of about 1 mm to 3 mm) such as rice husk, bamboo chips, wood chips, or nut shells can be used. It is difficult to carbonize.

  Specifically, when a relatively small size carbonizing material such as rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip or nut shell is loaded into the furnace body, these carbonized materials become dense in the furnace space, The heating action by the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the incomplete combustion of the carbonization material and the air necessary to maintain the oxygen-deficient state suitable for the carbonization reaction do not spread evenly throughout the furnace space, resulting in a carbonized state. Unevenness occurs and a long time is required for carbonization.

  In the carbonization apparatus, it has been conventionally required to reduce the time required for the carbonization treatment without being influenced by the type, size, and shape of the carbonization material.

  On the other hand, in recent years, a large amount of industrial waste such as electric wire waste and used electric circuit boards has been generated in various industrial fields. These industrial waste can be disposed of efficiently or included in industrial waste. There is a demand for technology to recover the available resources.

  Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that carbonization can be easily carried out even with a relatively small carbonization material such as rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip or nut shell, and is required for carbonization. Provided are a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method capable of shortening the time, and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method capable of heat-treating industrial waste such as wire waste materials and used electric circuit boards. There is.

In order to solve the above problems, a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
A cylindrical main body whose lower part is closed by a bottom plate;
A lid for closing the upper opening of the main body so as to be openable and closable;
A partition plate with vents arranged to cross the axis of the main body at a position away from the bottom plate in the main body;
An air supply path for introducing air into an air supply chamber formed between the bottom plate and the partition plate in the main body;
An exhaust exterior that passes through the partition plate from the upper surface of the bottom plate in the main body and is erected in the axial direction of the main body, has a vent hole in a region above the partition plate, and has an upper opening blocked. A cylinder,
An exhaust inner cylinder disposed in the exhaust outer cylinder with an upper opening located in the exhaust outer cylinder and a lower opening opened to the outside of the bottom plate;
And an air supply cylinder with a vent hole standing on the partition plate in communication with the vent hole of the partition plate.

  With such a configuration, even if the carbonizing material having a relatively small size is accommodated in the main body portion in a dense state, the vent hole standing on the partition plate in a state of communicating with the vent hole of the partition plate. The air required to maintain the oxygen-deficient state suitable for the carbonization reaction and the heating action by the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the incomplete combustion of the carbonizing material through the air supply cylinder attached Therefore, the carbonization reaction proceeds uniformly and quickly over a wide range in the main body.

  Therefore, even a relatively small size carbonizing material such as rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip or nut shell can be easily carbonized, and the time required for carbonization can be shortened.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus, a flow rate adjusting means may be provided in the air supply path.

  With such a configuration, the amount of air introduced into the air supply chamber via the air supply path is increased / decreased by the flow rate adjusting means, thereby adjusting the carbonization reaction temperature of the carbonization material accommodated in the main body. Therefore, it is possible to set the temperature suitable for the carbonizing material. Further, by changing the set temperature by increasing / decreasing the amount of air with the flow rate adjusting means, the properties and properties of the carbide can be changed, so that the carbide suitable for the purpose of use can be produced.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method, a blower means for feeding air into the air supply chamber via the air supply path may be provided.

  With this configuration, if necessary, when air is sent into the air supply chamber via the air supply path by the blowing means, the air is sent into the main body through the vent holes of the partition plate. Therefore, for example, when the carbonization material accommodated in the main body is ignited by using an ignition path described later, the ignitability is improved by sending air into the air supply chamber by the blowing means. Can do.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus, a guide member that promotes the inflow of air into the vent hole can be provided in a part of the periphery of the vent hole on the lower surface of the partition plate.

  With such a configuration, the air sent into the air supply chamber is guided by the guide member, flows into the vent hole, passes through the vent hole, and is quickly sent into the main body, so that the ignition workability is improved. It is possible to improve the efficiency of the self-burning carbonization heat treatment.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus, the plurality of air supply cylinders can be erected so as to make at least one round around the axis of the main body.

  Such a configuration is effective in promoting the carbonization reaction because the heating action and air can be evenly distributed throughout the interior of the main body by the combustion gas.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus, the supply cylinder can be detachably installed on the partition plate.

  With such a configuration, the number of supply cylinders can be increased or decreased according to the type, size, shape, etc. of the carbonizing material accommodated in the main body. In addition, when cleaning becomes necessary, work can be performed with the air supply material removed from the partition plate, thus improving maintainability.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus, the interval between the bottom plate and the partition plate can be changed.

  With such a configuration, the height position of the partition plate in the main body can be changed according to the type, size, shape, etc. of the carbonizing material accommodated in the main body, so the setting suitable for the carbonizing material It can be. If the partition plate is detachable from the main body, the partition plate can be exchanged and the maintainability is improved.

  The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus may include a fluid circulation path that is disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the main body and has an inlet and an outlet on the outside of the main body.

  With such a configuration, by supplying a fluid such as liquid or gas from the outside to the fluid circulation path, the liquid or gas can be heated using the heat generated in the main body, so that the heat energy Effective utilization can be achieved. The liquid includes water, and the gas includes air.

  The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus may include an ignition path that communicates with the supply chamber from the outside of the bottom plate and has an open / close lid.

  With such a configuration, it is possible to facilitate the ignition work when starting the carbonization treatment of the carbonization material accommodated in the main body.

  Next, in the first self-burning carbonization heat treatment method according to the present invention, a carbonization material is stored in a main body portion constituting any of the above-described self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatuses and carbonized, and the carbide derived from the carbonization material is used. It is characterized by manufacturing.

  With such a configuration, even a relatively small size carbonizing material such as rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip or nut shell can be easily carbonized, reducing the time required for carbonization. You can also plan.

  Next, in the second self-burning carbonization heat treatment method according to the present invention, the material to be heat-treated is accommodated above the carbonization material contained in the main body constituting any of the above-mentioned self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatuses, and the carbonization material The heat-treated material is heat-treated with heat generated during the self-burning carbonization treatment.

  With such a configuration, heat treatment materials such as industrial waste can be pyrolyzed using heat generated during the self-burning carbonization treatment.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method, the material to be heat-treated can be accommodated in the main body in a state of being placed in a bottomed cylindrical or box-shaped container or a container having at least a part of air permeability. .

  With such a configuration, not only the work of putting in and out the material to be heat-treated into the main body part is facilitated, but also the material to be heat-treated can be prevented from being mixed into the carbonizing material accommodated therebelow. . Moreover, about the said container, the container provided with the cover body can also be used.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method, the material to be heat-treated is not particularly limited, but industrial waste, for example, a wire waste material, an electric circuit board, or a carbide adsorbing a strong acid, strong alkali, or oil is suitably used as a self-burning carbonization heat treatment. can do. In addition, the self-combustion carbonization heat treatment can be performed using the bone meat of a livestock animal that has died or the bone meat of a seafood as a material to be heat-treated.

  According to the present invention, even a relatively small size carbonizing material such as rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip or nut shell can be easily carbonized, and the time required for carbonization can be shortened. It is possible to provide a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method, and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method capable of heat-treating industrial waste such as electric wire waste and used electric circuit boards.

1 is a partially omitted vertical sectional view showing a self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially omitted horizontal sectional view of the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a partially omitted enlarged view near the center of a partition wall plate constituting the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2. It is a front view of the cylinder for air supply which comprises the self-burning carbonization heat processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a front view of the fluid circulation path which comprises the self-burning carbonization heat processing apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the fluid circulation path shown in FIG. 6. It is a perspective view of the heat treatment container used with the self-combustion carbonization heat processing method using the self-combustion carbonization heat processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the other heat processing container used with the self-burning carbonization heat processing method using the self-burning carbonization heat processing apparatus shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, based on FIGS. 1-7, the self-combustion carbonization heat processing apparatus 100 which is embodiment of this invention and the self-combustion carbonization heat processing method using this are demonstrated. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a main body 10, a bottom plate 11, a lid 12, a partition plate 20, an air supply chamber 30, an air supply path 31, and an exhaust outer cylinder. The body 40, the exhaust inner cylinder 50, the air supply cylinder 60, the flow rate adjusting means 70, the fluid circulation path 80, the ignition path 90, the exhaust path 95, and the like. On the outer peripheral surface of the main body 10, a shaft body 14 for pivotally supporting the main body 10 so as to be tilted is attached in a direction perpendicular to the axis 10 c of the main body 10.

  The outer peripheral part of the main body 10 is formed of a cylindrical member 16 made of a steel plate, and the lower part 10b thereof is closed by a bottom plate 11 and includes a lid 12 that closes the upper opening 10a of the main body 10 so that it can be opened and closed. A partition plate 20 is disposed at a position away from the bottom plate 11 in the main body 10 so as to cross the axis 10 c of the main body 10. The partition plate 20 is a disk-shaped member having a circular through hole 20c in the center, and a plurality of vent holes 20a are opened over the entire surface.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of air holes 20 a are formed along three virtual circles C <b> 1, C <b> 2, C <b> 3 having different radii around the axis 10 c of the main body 10. Eight vent holes 20a are opened at equal intervals along the innermost virtual circle C1, and twelve vent holes 20a are opened at equal intervals along the outer virtual circle C2, and the outermost virtual circle C3. 9 vent holes 20a are formed at equal intervals. As shown in FIG. 3, a roof-shaped cover 20 b is fixed to the upper surface of the partition wall plate 20 so as to cover all the vent holes 20 a.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 4, a flat plate-shaped guide member 20e (so-called baffle plate) that promotes air inflow into the vent hole 20a is suspended in part of the periphery of the vent hole 20a on the lower surface of the partition plate 20. It is attached to the shape. The guide member 20e is arranged on the lower surface of the partition plate 20 on the downstream side around each vent hole 20a, that is, on the downstream side of the air flow flowing through the lower surface portion of the partition plate 20.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the partition plate 20 is erected on the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 and the two one-side flange pipes F1 and F2 that are fitted in the vertical direction around the vicinity of the lower end of the exhaust outer cylinder 40. The plurality of support columns 21 and their extending members 22 are horizontally held at a position away from the bottom plate 11 by a predetermined distance. The one-side flange tube F2 is detachably mounted on the one-side flange tube F1, and the flange portions f1, f2 of the one-side flange tubes F1, F2 can hold the lower surface of the bottom plate 11, respectively. The support column 21 and the extension member 22 have reduced diameter portions 21 a and 22 a at their upper ends, and the extension member 22 is detachably connected on the same axis on the upper end side of the support column 21. The respective reduced diameter portions 21a and 22a are detachably fitted into the through holes 20d provided in the partition plate 20.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the two one-side flange pipes F1 and F2 are stacked and an extension member 22 is connected to the upper end of the column 21, but the one-side flange pipe F2 and the extension member 22 are connected to the one-side flange pipe F1, respectively. The distance between the bottom plate 11 and the partition plate 20 can be changed by attaching / detaching the column 21.

  By holding the partition plate 20 at a position away from the bottom plate 11 by a predetermined distance, an air supply chamber 30 is formed between the bottom plate 11 and the partition plate 20 in the main body 10. An air supply path 31 for introducing air into the air supply chamber 30 is provided in a state protruding from the portion near the lower end of the main body 10 to the outside. As shown in FIG. 2, the air supply path 31 is arranged so as to be parallel to the tangential direction of a virtual circle (not shown) centering on the axis 10 c of the main body 10. A flow rate adjusting means 70 for increasing or decreasing the amount of air flowing into the air supply path 31 is disposed at the upstream end of the air supply path 31. The flow rate adjusting means 70 is an electric ball valve having a function of opening and closing the ball valve 70b by driving the motor 70a, but is not limited thereto.

  As shown in FIG. 1, on the upstream side of the flow rate adjusting means 70, an electric blower 15, which is a blowing means for supplying air into the air supply chamber 30 via the flow rate adjusting means 70 and the air supply path 31, is disposed. Has been. When the electric blower 15 is operated, air can be fed into the air supply chamber 30 via the flow rate adjusting means 70 and the air supply path 31.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the exhaust outer cylinder 40 passes through the through hole 20 c of the partition plate 20 from the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 in the main body 10 and is coaxial with the axis 10 c of the main body 10. It is erected. The exhaust outer cylinder 40 is formed of a lower cylinder 41 having a plurality of vent holes 40 a and an upper cylinder 42 connected to the upper end of the lower cylinder 41. The length of the lower cylinder 41 is about half of the upper cylinder 42, and the thickness of the peripheral wall of the lower cylinder 41 is about twice that of the upper cylinder 42.

  In the lower cylinder 41, a plurality of vent holes 40 a are opened in a region above the partition plate 20. The length of the region where the plurality of vent holes 40a are opened in the axial center 10c direction is about ¼ of the length from the upper surface of the partition plate 20 to the upper portion 40b of the exhaust outer cylinder 40. The inside of the exhaust outer cylinder 40 communicates with a space (combustion chamber 13) above the partition plate 20 in the main body 10 via a plurality of vent holes 40a. And the interior of the air supply chamber 30 are not in communication. The upper portion 40b of the outer exhaust cylinder 40 is closed by a lid 43 that can be opened and closed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an exhaust inner cylinder 50 is disposed coaxially with the shaft center 10 c inside the exhaust outer cylinder 40. The upper opening 50 a of the exhaust inner cylinder 50 is located away from the lid 43 in the exhaust outer cylinder 40, and the lower opening 50 b is open to the outside of the bottom plate 11. A cheese tube 51 is connected to the lower opening 50 b, and one opening 51 a of the cheese tube 51 is connected to the exhaust path 95. The other opening 51b side of the cheese tube 51 is closed by a lid 52 that can be opened and closed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, six air supply cylinders communicate with half of the twelve vent holes 20a of the twelve vent holes 20a provided in the partition plate 20 along the virtual circle C2. A body 60 is erected on the partition plate 20. The air supply cylinder 60 is erected at every other position of the vent hole 20a along the virtual circle C2.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, along the virtual circle C <b> 2, a cylindrical body 61 shorter than the air supply cylinder 60 is formed on the upper surface of the partition plate 20 at every other position of the ventilation holes 20 a. It is fixed vertically in communication. The outer diameter of the cylindrical body 61 is smaller than the inner diameter of the air supply cylinder 60, and the length of the cylindrical body 61 is about 1/10 of the length of the air supply cylinder 60. The six air supply cylinders 60 are held in an upright posture on the upper surface of the partition plate 20 with the cylinders 61 inserted into the openings of the respective lower ends 60b. The air supply cylinder 60 is detachable from the cylinder 61.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the air supply cylinder 60 is a cylindrical member in which a lower end 60b and an upper end 60c are opened and a plurality of vent holes 60a are formed in a peripheral wall. The plurality of vent holes 60a are opened so as to be evenly distributed in substantially all the regions in the length direction of the air supply cylinder 60 except for the portion near the lower end portion 60b of the air supply cylinder 60. The length of the air supply cylinder 60 is about 95% of the distance from the upper surface of the partition plate 20 shown in FIG. 1 to the upper opening 10a of the main body 10, but is not limited to this. The length of the supply cylinder 60 is reduced according to the amount (accommodation height) of the carbonizing material accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 of the main body 10 (for example, 30% to 30% of the distance). About 50%).

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a fluid circulation path 80 is disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the main body 10. As shown in FIGS. 2, 6, and 7, the fluid circulation path 80 is a cylindrical member having an inlet 81 and an outlet 82 outside the main body 10, and the cylindrical member 16 constituting the main body 10. It arrange | positions so that a spiral may be drawn along the internal peripheral surface of the lower half.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, a heat insulating material 84 having heat resistance of 1500 ° C. (for example, a heat insulating material including gypsum) is attached in a cylindrical shape along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 16. A fluid circulation path 80 is spirally embedded in a refractory castable 83 (for example, heat-resistant concrete mixed with a shirasu balloon) formed in a cylindrical shape along the inner peripheral surface.

  In the region above the refractory castable 83 in the main body 10, a ceramic cotton-like material 86 is disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 16 so as to form a multi-layered cylindrical body. A steel plate 85 is arranged in a cylindrical shape along the inner peripheral surface of the cotton-like material 86 located at the position. The steel plate 85 is formed by bending a strip-shaped steel plate into a cylindrical shape, and both end portions in the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped steel plate are open without being fixed to each other. The cylindrical steel plate 85 can cope with expansion and contraction in the circumferential direction against a relatively large temperature change in the combustion chamber 13 in the process.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an elbow tubular ignition path 90 is provided on the lower surface of the bottom plate 11 of the main body 10. The ignition path 90 communicates with the air supply chamber 30 from the outside of the bottom plate 11, and an opening / closing lid 92 is provided at the opening 91.

  Next, a method for producing carbide by carbonizing the carbonization material M (for example, rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip, etc.) using the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, M is introduced into the combustion chamber 13 above the partition plate 20 of the main body 10, the upper opening 10 a is closed with a lid 12, and a clamp fitting (not shown) or the like is used. tighten. Thereafter, the open / close lid 92 of the ignition path 90 is opened, and an ignition heat source such as a gas burner (not shown) is inserted into the ignition path 90 from the opening 91 and heated. At this time, when the electric blower 15 shown in FIG. 1 is operated, air is supplied into the air supply chamber 30 via the flow rate adjusting means 70 and the air supply path 31.

  As described above, the air supply path 31 is arranged so as to be parallel to the tangential direction of a virtual circle (not shown) centering on the axis 10 c of the main body 10. Then, the air that has flowed into the air supply chamber 30 rotates and flows around the shaft center 10c in a certain direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 2) in the air supply chamber 30.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4 described above, a flat plate-like guide member 20e is attached to a part of the periphery of the vent hole 20a on the lower surface of the partition plate 20 in a hanging manner. Since the guide member 20e is disposed on the downstream side of the air flow that flows into the air supply chamber 30 from the air supply path 31 and rotates and flows in the air supply chamber 30 around the vent hole 20a. The air flow flowing inside abuts against the guide member 20e, the flow direction changes upward, and quickly flows into the combustion chamber 13 of the main body portion 10 through the vent hole 20a.

  By heating the ignition heat source and blowing from the electric blower 15, the air supply chamber 30 is filled in a state where the combustion gas of the ignition heat source and the heated air are mixed, and by the induction action of the induction member 20e, the partition plate 20 Therefore, the carbonization material M located in the lowermost part of the combustion chamber 13 is ignited and thermal decomposition due to the self-combustion starts. When the self-combustion of the carbonizing material M starts, the ignition heat source is taken out from the ignition path 90, and the opening 91 is closed with the opening / closing lid 92.

  When the self-combustion starts, the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the self-combustion rises through the gaps in the carbonizing material M, so that hot air is transmitted upward in the combustion chamber 13 and the carbonizing material M The self-combustion progresses from below to above.

  Part of the combustion gas generated by the self-combustion of the carbonizing material M passes through the plurality of vent holes 40a of the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and is a space between the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50. 44 is sucked into the space 44 and moves up in the space 44 and flows into the exhaust inner cylinder 50 from the upper opening 50a located in the vicinity of the upper portion 40b of the exhaust outer cylinder 40. The inside of the cylinder 50 descends and flows out of the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 via the cheese pipe 51 and the exhaust path 95.

  In such a process, the lower part of the exhaust outer cylinder 40 is formed on both the inner and outer surfaces by the hot air of the combustion gas passing through the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the hot air by the spontaneous combustion of the surrounding carbonizing material M. Is heated to red heat. As the self-combustion region in the combustion chamber 13 expands, the red hot part of the exhaust inner cylinder 50 gradually expands upward due to the increasing amount of hot air and heat stored in the combustion gas. The exhaust inner cylinder 50 also begins to heat red, and eventually the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the entire exhaust inner cylinder 50 become red hot.

  Thereby, the carbonization material M in the combustion chamber 13 is caused by the hot air rising from the partition plate 20 side and the hot air radiated from the red exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50 to the surroundings. Since it is heated, thermal decomposition starts from both the lower part and the central part of the carbonizing material M, and self-combustion starts from the part that has reached the self-combustion temperature.

  As the pyrolysis and self-combustion regions expand, the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50 are further heated to increase the inflowing combustion gas and increase the heat radiation to the surroundings. Since the progress of the pyrolysis reaction of the material M and the expansion of the spontaneous combustion region are promoted, the entire combustion chamber 13 eventually becomes a uniform high temperature state, and all of the contained carbonizing material M is pyrolyzed and self-combusted. Carbonize.

  In the carbonization process described above, the air sucked into the supply chamber 30 from the supply passage 31 with the discharge of the combustion exhaust gas from the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50 is a plurality of vent holes 20a. Then, air is sucked into the combustion chamber 13. Of the plurality of vent holes 20a, the air that has passed through the vent holes 20a communicating with the air supply cylinder 60 flows into the plurality of air supply cylinders 60 and rises in the interior thereof. Are supplied into the combustion chamber 13 from the vent hole 60a and the upper opening 60c.

  Further, the amount of air sucked into the air supply chamber 30 from the air supply path 31 is controlled by the flow rate adjusting means 70 arranged on the upstream side of the air supply path 31, so that the inside of the combustion chamber 13 is in an appropriate oxygen-deficient state. Can be maintained. Therefore, the carbonization material M in the combustion chamber 13 continues the pyrolysis reaction in a state in which the carbon component hardly burns due to incomplete combustion, and is finally completely carbonized.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, not only the air holes 20 a of the partition plate 20 but also the air rising in the plurality of air supply cylinders 60 enters the carbonizing material M from the air holes 60 a and the upper openings 60 c, respectively. Along with this, the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the incomplete combustion of the carbonizing material M rises up the contents of the supply cylinder 60 and is used for heating the carbonizing material M. Even if it is the granular material for carbonization with which it fills in the combustion chamber 13 without gap, the oxygen shortage state suitable for the combustion chamber 13 whole can be maintained. For this reason, particulate carbonization materials, such as rice husk, can be easily carbonized, and the carbonization time can be shortened.

  In the start stage of the above-described carbide manufacturing process, the ignition heat source is inserted into the ignition path 90 through the opening 91 and heated to ignite the carbonization material M. However, in the case of the self-combustion carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, the ignition is performed. Since the method is not limited, before the carbonization material M is accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 and the lid body 12 is closed, the upper surface portion of the carbonization material M is heated and ignited to close the lid body 12. The process can also be started. Further, the carbonization treatment can be started by using both ignition by heating from the ignition path 90 and ignition by heating the upper surface portion of the carbonizing material M.

  On the other hand, the temperature in the combustion chamber 13 rises and falls depending on the amount of air supplied from the air supply path 31 into the air supply chamber 30, so that the motor 70 a of the flow rate adjusting means 70 is operated to open the ball valve 70 b. By changing the above, the temperature in the combustion chamber 13 can be adjusted.

  The opening degree adjustment by the flow rate adjusting means 70 is based on data obtained by experiments, and processing temperature data suitable for the type, particle size, moisture content, filling amount, etc. of the carbonizing material M filled in the combustion chamber 13 is obtained. Create in advance, input this to the control device (not shown) as control data associated with the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the furnace temperature, and set it to be performed automatically by a command signal from the control device Can do.

  When the pyrolysis (carbonization) of the carbonization material M is finished, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas rapidly decreases, and the completion of the carbonization is found by detecting this with a temperature sensor (not shown). After the carbonization, when the temperature of the generated carbide is lowered to a level where there is no danger, the clamp tool (not shown) is removed, the lid body 12 is detached from the upper opening 10a, and the operation handle (not shown) is rotated. If the main body 10 is tilted about 90 degrees about the shaft body 14 (until the axis 10c is substantially horizontal), the carbide in the combustion chamber 13 can be taken out from the upper opening 10a.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the self-combustion of the carbonizing material M flows into the exhaust outer cylinder 40 from the plurality of through holes 40a below the exhaust outer cylinder 40, and the inside thereof. And then flows into the exhaust inner cylinder 50 from the upper opening 50a near the lid 43 of the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and descends, and flows out from the bottom plate 11 of the main body 10 to the outside. To do.

  Thus, in the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, a long exhaust path can be ensured by the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50 having a double pipe structure, so that the exhaust outer cylinder from the combustion exhaust gas can be secured. While heat conduction to the body 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50 increases, the amount of heat dissipated to the outside by the combustion exhaust gas decreases, and high thermal efficiency is obtained.

  Further, the combustion exhaust gas moves up and down inside the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50, whereby the exhaust outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50 are reddened, and this exhaust gas The temperature in the combustion chamber 13 rises due to the heat radiation from the outer cylinder 40 and the exhaust inner cylinder 50, and the thermal decomposition of the carbonizing material M and the progress of self-combustion are promoted. It can be shortened.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a fluid circulation path 80 is disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the main body 10, and the fluid circulation path 80 is formed outside the main body 10 with an inlet 81 and an outlet. Therefore, for example, if water is caused to flow in the fluid circulation path 80, hot water can be generated using heat generated in the combustion chamber 13 during carbonization. Further, if air is caused to flow in the fluid circulation path 80, high-temperature air can be generated using heat generated in the combustion chamber 13 during carbonization.

  On the other hand, if the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust path 95 is sent to a gas recombustion furnace (not shown) and recombusted, it can be completely decomposed even if the gas contains a small amount of organic matter. The exhaust gas finally discharged to the outside can be detoxified and non-brominated. In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, the exhaust path 95 can be connected to a pyroligneous liquid extractor (not shown) so that the pyroligneous acid or bamboo vinegar can be extracted and recovered.

  The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 of this embodiment is used, that is, the rice husk is accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 in the main body 10 of the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, ignited by the procedure described above, and at a temperature of about 800 ° C. When self-burning carbonization was performed, rice husk carbide (carbonized rice husk) in a state where the shape of the original rice husk was maintained could be generated in a short time without losing its shape. Unshaped rice husk carbide (carbonized rice husk) has many fine pores (voids). For example, when mixed in soil as a soil conditioner, the husk carbide in the rice husk carbide (carbonized rice husk) The pores (voids) serve as a place for beneficial microorganisms that inhabit the soil and exhibit excellent soil improvement effects.

  The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is suitable for carbonizing a particulate carbonization material M such as rice husk, bamboo chip, wood chip or nut shell, but is not intended to limit the application. Even carbonization materials such as wood pieces and bamboo pieces can be easily carbonized, and the same excellent effects as described above can be obtained. Further, the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 can also carbonize mold waste materials, residential timber, house demolition waste materials, etc., even if paints, termite control agents, etc. are attached to these carbonization materials. Carbides produced by the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method do not contain harmful substances such as dioxins above the standard value.

  Next, referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, another self-burning carbonization heat treatment method using the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 described in FIG. 1, for example, the electric wire waste L and the used electric circuit board CB The self-burning carbonization heat treatment method (pyrolysis treatment method) will be described.

  When heat treatment of the wire waste L is performed, the air supply cylinder 60 erected in the main body 10 constituting the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 is removed from the partition plate 20 and detached from the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100. Let Thereafter, a carbonizing material M such as a wood chip is accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 in the main body 10. At this time, the amount of the carbonizing material M is desirably about 1/3 to 1/2 of the depth of the combustion chamber 13.

  Next, the wire waste material L is accommodated in a heat treatment container 200 as shown in FIG. 8, and this heat treatment container 200 is charged into the combustion chamber 13 from the upper opening 10 a of the main body 10 of the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100. , Disposed on the carbonization material M described above.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the heat treatment container 200 is a bottomed cylindrical body formed of a mesh material, and a cylindrical body 201 formed of the mesh material is arranged coaxially with the axis 200c. The upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical body 201 are openings 201 a, and the lower end opening (not shown) is exposed on the bottom lower surface (not shown) in a state of being integrated with the bottom of the heat treatment container 200. . The outer diameter of the heat treatment container 200 is smaller than the inner diameter of the combustion chamber 13, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 201 is larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 40 for exhaust.

  Therefore, when the heat treatment container 200 is inserted into the combustion chamber 13, the axis 200c of the heat treatment container 200 is aligned with the axis 10c of the main body 10 with the bottom of the heat treatment container 200 facing down, If the heat treatment container 200 is lowered from the upper opening 10a of the gas chamber 10 into the combustion chamber 13, the exhaust outer cylinder 40 is disposed in the combustion chamber 13 while penetrating the cylindrical body 201.

  When the heat treatment container 200 in which the wire waste L is accommodated is disposed above the carbonization material M in the combustion chamber 13, the upper opening 10a of the main body 10 is closed with the lid 12, and the above-described carbonization treatment is performed. When the carbonization material M is ignited according to the procedure and the carbonization process is started, the outer jacket (not shown) made of synthetic resin that forms the wire waste L is thermally decomposed by the heat generated during the carbonization process. Since the thermally decomposed jacket is extremely brittle, it can be easily collapsed by applying a slight external force and separated from the metal core wire. In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method of the present embodiment, since the temperature in the combustion chamber 13 of the main body 10 is maintained at about 600 ° C. to 800 ° C., there is no generation of dioxins and it is safe.

  In addition, when heat-treating the wire waste L using the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100, the upper part of the carbonization material M such as a wood chip accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 of the main body 10 without using the heat treatment container 200 is used. It is also possible to directly place the wire waste L and heat-treat in the above-described procedure.

  Next, a self-burning carbonization heat treatment method for the electric circuit board CB will be described with reference to FIGS. Also in this case, as described above, the air supply cylinder 60 erected in the main body 10 constituting the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 is removed from the partition plate 20 and detached from the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100. . Thereafter, the carbonizing material M such as wood chips is accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 in the main body 10 to about 1/3 to 1/2 of the depth of the combustion chamber 13.

  Next, the electrical circuit board CB is accommodated in the heat treatment container 300 as shown in FIG. 10 is inserted into the combustion chamber 13 from the upper opening 10a and placed on the carbonizing material M described above. The heat treatment container 300 and the lid 303 are made of aluminum, but are not limited thereto.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the heat treatment container 300 is a bottomed cylindrical body formed of a metal material, and a cylindrical body 301 formed of a metal material is arranged coaxially with the axis 300c. The upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical body 301 are openings 301a, and the opening (not shown) at the lower end is exposed to the bottom lower surface (not shown) in a state integrated with the bottom of the heat treatment container 300. . A plurality of vent holes 302 are formed in a distributed manner in the upper half region of the heat treatment container 300 and the cylindrical body 301 in the direction of the axis 300c. The outer diameter of the heat treatment container 300 is smaller than the inner diameter of the combustion chamber 13, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 301 is larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 40 for exhaust.

  Therefore, with the bottom of the heat treatment container 300 facing down, the axial center 300c of the heat treatment container 300 is aligned with the axial center 10c of the main body 10, and from the upper opening 10a of the main body 10 toward the combustion chamber 13. If the heat treatment container 300 is lowered, the exhaust cylinder 40 is disposed in the combustion chamber 13 in a state of passing through the cylindrical body 301.

  When the heat treatment container 300 in which the electric circuit board B is accommodated is disposed above the carbonizing material M in the combustion chamber 13, the upper opening 10a of the main body 10 is closed with the lid 12, and the carbonization process described above is performed. When the carbonization material M is ignited according to the above procedure and the carbonization process is started, the synthetic resin portion (not shown) forming the electric circuit board CB is thermally decomposed by the heat generated during the carbonization process. In the process of thermal decomposition, the synthetic resin part forming the electric circuit board CB becomes brittle, so that the metal material contained in the electric circuit board CB is separated from the synthetic resin part and stored in the bottom part in the heat treatment container 300. Therefore, useful metal materials can be easily recovered.

  In addition, since the upper opening 300a of the heat treatment container 300 is closed by the lid 303, during the heat treatment, foreign substances enter the heat treatment container 300, or useful metal resources in the electric circuit board CB in the heat treatment container 300. Can be prevented from being dissipated.

  In the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method according to the above-described embodiment, the air supply cylinder 60 erected in the main body 10 is removed from the partition plate 20 and the heat treatment is performed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, instead of the air supply cylinder 60, a length shorter than the air supply cylinder 60 (for example, a length of about 1/3 to 1/2 of the depth of the combustion chamber 13, or the combustion chamber 13). The material for carbonization is accommodated in the combustion chamber 13 with a cylinder for supplying air having a length capable of securing a space for accommodating the heat treatment container 200 therein, and the material to be heat treated is placed above the carbonization material. Can be placed directly or in a state of being accommodated in a heat treatment container, and the above-described self-burning carbonization heat treatment method can be carried out.

  Further, the material to be heat-treated by the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method using the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 is not limited to the above-described wire waste material L or the electric circuit board CB, and therefore other materials (for example, diseased livestock animals Bone meat and seafood bone meat) can also be subjected to a self-burning carbonization heat treatment.

  Note that the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 and the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method using the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 described based on FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method according to the present invention. The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method are not limited to the above-described self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus 100 or the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method.

  The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus and the self-burning carbonization heat treatment method of the present invention can be used to manufacture carbonization materials such as rice husk, bamboo chips, wood chips or nut shells or wood pieces, bamboo pieces, wire waste materials and used electric circuit boards. It can be widely used in various industrial fields as a technology for heat-treating electrical industrial wastes such as.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Main-body part 10a, 50a, 300a Upper opening part 10b Lower part 10c, 200c, 300c Axis center 11 Bottom plate 12, 41 Lid body 13 Combustion chamber 14 Shaft body 15 Electric blower 16 Cylindrical member 20 Partition board 20a, 20c, 40a, 302 Ventilation hole 20b Cover 20e Guide member 21 Strut 21a, 22a Reduced diameter part 22 Extension member 30 Air supply chamber 31 Air supply path 40 Outer cylinder 40b Upper part 41 Lower cylinder 42 Upper cylinder 43, 52, 303 Lid 44 Space 50 Exhaust inner cylinder 50a Upper opening 51 Cheese tube 51a, 51b, 91, 201a, 301a Opening 60 Air supply cylinder 60b Lower end 60c Upper end 61 Cylindrical body 70 Flow rate adjusting means 70a Motor 70b Ball valve 80 Fluid circulation path 81 Inlet 82 Outlet 83 Fireproof castable 84 Thermal material 85 Steel plate 86 Cotton-like material 90 Ignition path 92 Opening / closing lid 95 Exhaust path 200,300 Heat treatment container 201,301 Cylindrical body C1, C2, C3 Virtual circle CB Electric circuit board F1, F2 One side flange tube f1, f2 Flange Part L Wire Waste

Claims (11)

A cylindrical main body whose lower part is closed by a bottom plate;
A lid for closing the upper opening of the main body so as to be openable and closable;
A partition plate with vents arranged to cross the axis of the main body at a position away from the bottom plate in the main body;
An air supply path for introducing air into an air supply chamber formed between the bottom plate and the partition plate in the main body;
An exhaust exterior that passes through the partition plate from the upper surface of the bottom plate in the main body and is erected in the axial direction of the main body, has a vent hole in a region above the partition plate, and has an upper opening blocked. A cylinder,
An exhaust inner cylinder disposed in the exhaust outer cylinder with an upper opening located in the exhaust outer cylinder and a lower opening opened to the outside of the bottom plate;
And a plurality of air supply tube body with upright aeration holes detachably on the partition board while passing through the vent hole and communicating of the partition plate,
The partition plate with vent holes includes a plurality of vent holes arranged around the axis of the main body, and a plurality of cylindrical bodies that are vertically fixed to the upper surface of the partition plate in communication with the vent holes. And
The plurality of air supply cylinders are held in an upright posture on the upper surface of the partition plate in a state where a lower end portion of the cylinder is inserted into the cylindrical body of the partition plate, Arranged to make at least one round around, and
An interval between the bottom plate and the partition plate can be changed.
A self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus.   The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a flow rate adjusting unit in the air supply path.   The self-combustion carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a blowing means for supplying air into the supply chamber through the supply passage.   The self-combustion carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a guide member that promotes air inflow into the vent hole is provided on a part of the lower surface of the partition plate around the vent hole. The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , further comprising a fluid circulation path that is disposed along an inner peripheral surface of the main body portion and has an inflow port and an outflow port outside the main body portion. . The self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising an ignition path communicating with the air supply chamber from the outside of the bottom plate and having an open / close lid. A carbonization material is accommodated in the main body part constituting the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , and self-burning carbonization treatment is performed to produce a carbide derived from the carbonization material. A method for producing carbide . The method for producing a carbide according to claim 7 , wherein the carbonization material is at least one selected from rice husk, bamboo powder, wood chips, bamboo chips, and nut shells. The material to be heat treated is accommodated above the material for carbonization accommodated in the main body constituting the self-burning carbonization heat treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , and is generated during the self-combustion carbonization treatment of the carbonization material. A self-burning carbonization heat treatment method, wherein the heat-treated material is heat-treated by heat. The self-combustion carbonization heat treatment method according to claim 9 , wherein the heat-treated material is accommodated in the main body in a state of being placed in a bottomed cylindrical or box-shaped container or a container having at least a part of air permeability. The self-burning carbonization heat treatment method according to claim 10 , wherein the material to be heat-treated is at least one kind of carbides adsorbing electric acid waste materials, electric circuit boards, or strong acids, strong alkalis or oils.

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