JP6284167B2 - Livestock manure compost - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to livestock manure compost fertilizer, particularly, relates to a granulated Homes dung compost fertilizer manufactured using livestock manure.

A method of composting livestock feces such as cattle feces, pig feces and chicken feces is widely known (for example, Patent Document 1).
In the method for producing compost of Patent Document 1, a mixture of wood chips and microorganisms mixed with chicken manure is fermented at 60 ° C. or more for 6.5 days and then in a fermenter for 23.5 days. From the obtained fermented material, chip chips are collected by a sorter, and then the chicken manure compost is sent to a curing facility and fermented at 60 ° C. or higher for 3.8 days while being turned over to complete the chicken manure compost.
Livestock manure compost produced in this way is not only low in cost, but also has a slow release, in which most of the phosphoric acid contained is dissolved and absorbed by organic acids secreted from the plant roots, and is fixed to the soil. It is a difficult and long-lasting water-insoluble citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid, and exhibits a high fertilizing effect similar to the phosphoric acid of chemical fertilizer.

In addition, livestock manure compost recycles livestock manure, which is generated in large amounts every day and should become waste. It greatly reduces the disposal costs on the livestock industry side, and at the same time, it is an expensive chemical phosphorus on the farming side. Since it becomes a substitute for acid fertilizer, it leads to significant cost reduction on both the livestock industry side and the farming side.
In addition, phosphorus ore, which is a natural resource, is on the verge of depletion, and in Japan, which depends on almost all imports of phosphorus ore, securing phosphorus resources is an important issue. Livestock manure compost showing the above-mentioned fertilization effect and containing phosphoric acid is becoming increasingly important as a substitute for chemical fertilizer.

JP 2008-13380 (paragraphs 0014 to 0015, FIG. 1)

However, according to the compost production method described in Patent Document 1, it takes one month or more to complete livestock manure compost, and a facility for storing and processing a large amount of livestock manure is required during that period. Composting is not in time for livestock excrement that has increased in recent years due to large-scale agriculture. On the other hand, if livestock excrement is piled up, groundwater may be contaminated. ing. The treatment of livestock dung is a challenge in farm management.
Furthermore, there is a concern that the environment deteriorates due to bad odor during long-term production of livestock manure compost and compost use on the cultivated side. There is a method of using a deodorizing agent in order to suppress malodors during the treatment of livestock excrement, but no deodorizing agent that completely removes malodors from the original is known.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, an object thereof is to provide a home dung compost fertilizer that can fecal odor without Manufacturing shortly after livestock manure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a name has house dung compost fertilizer odor during composting and after completion.

The object is achieved, according to the livestock manure compost according to claim 1, in an amount at least twice the nitrogen content, and includes a phosphate of 2 times the amount of content potassium content, ferrihydrite and livestock feces It is solved by livestock manure compost that does not contain feces odor and contains a complex with organic matter.
Thus, since the composite of ferrihydrite and organic matter in livestock feces is included, it is possible to prevent the organic matter in livestock feces from forming a composite with other elements such as aluminum and magnesium. The complex with the organic matter in livestock feces can contain iron that has a very low possibility of adversely affecting the living body and the ecosystem. Furthermore, the complex containing ferrihydrite has a large surface area where the reaction occurs, and also has a large physicochemical reaction force due to the mutated charge characteristics caused by the pH change.
In addition, ferrihydrite is known to have an antioxidant effect due to oxygen adsorption, a meat freshness retaining effect, an antibacterial and antibacterial effect due to the inhibition of anaerobic bacterial growth, and the like. The complex of the organic substance and ferrihydrite therein also has these effects.
Furthermore, when the organic matter in livestock feces forms a complex with ferrihydride, fertilizer components such as phosphoric acid in the compost are not easily leached and stable compost can be obtained.
At this time , it is preferable that the pH is not more than 8 and the moisture adjusting material including the wood chip is not included .
Since it comprises in this way, it can be set as the livestock manure compost without the miso odor produced when livestock manure compost is alkaline. Therefore, not only the removal of the feces odor by the livestock feces treatment agent but also the unique odor generated when the livestock manure compost of the present invention becomes alkaline can be suppressed.

According to the present invention, since it contains a complex of an organic substance of ferrihydrite and livestock feces, it is possible to prevent the organic matter in the house dung aluminum, resulting in formation of other elements and complexes such as magnesium. The complex with the organic matter in livestock feces can contain iron that has a very low possibility of adversely affecting the living body and the ecosystem. Furthermore, the complex containing ferrihydrite has a large surface area where the reaction occurs, and also has a large physicochemical reaction force due to the mutated charge characteristics caused by the pH change.
In addition, ferrihydrite is known to have an antioxidant effect due to oxygen adsorption, a meat freshness retaining effect, an antibacterial and antibacterial effect due to the inhibition of anaerobic bacterial growth, and the like. The complex of the organic substance and ferrihydrite therein also has these effects.
Furthermore, when the organic matter in livestock feces forms a complex with ferrihydride, fertilizer components such as phosphoric acid in the compost are not easily leached and stable compost can be obtained.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. In addition, the structure demonstrated below does not limit this invention, Of course, it can change variously along the meaning of this invention.
This embodiment, the livestock manure treatment liquid and manure is produced as a raw material, a manure compost fertilizer comprising a complex of an organic substance of ferrihydrite and in poultry manure, which is a type of iron hydrous oxide.
In this embodiment, chicken manure is used as the animal manure, but it can also be applied to any animal manure including cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and the like.
Here, the complex of ferrihydrite and organic matter in chicken manure refers to a complex of amorphous ferrihydrite (hereinafter referred to as ferrihydrite) and organic matter.

Ferrihydrite is an amorphous hydrated oxide represented by the general formula 5Fe ₂ O ₃ .9H ₂ O. Generally, it is known as a low-crystallinity iron mineral formed at an early stage in the earth's surface layer.
Ferrihydrite has the property of coordinating with the OH end and O end of a carboxyl group or carbonyl group of an organic compound, and forms an aggregate. The specific surface area is as large as about 200 (m ² / g), and the field used for the reaction with the OH end and O end of organic compounds is wide, so the catalytic ability is high and the ability to form aggregates is high. It is .

(Livestock dung treatment liquid)
House dung processing liquid, basalt, in sedimentary rocks soil andesite etc., using ionized mineral concentrate naturally occurring extracted by adding an inorganic acid. As this ionized mineral concentrate, for example, a clay extract manufactured by Rion Co., Ltd. can be used.
The livestock dung treatment liquid is an acid-soluble component extracted by adding a 10-20 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution to sedimentary rock soil (clay) such as basalt and andesite. In addition, instead of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, a mixture of these inorganic acids, or an aqueous solution thereof may be used. However, when a sulfuric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 10 to 20% by weight is used, a livestock excrement treatment liquid is efficiently obtained. be able to.

House dung processing liquid, iron (Fe) as a main component, other manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), including cations such as calcium (Ca). However, the sum of the amount of magnesium and the amount of calcium is less than 30% by weight of the amount of iron contained in the mineral liquid.
The livestock dung treatment liquid contains about 7000 to 15000 (ppm) of iron, and the pH is about 0.1 to 0.2.
Moreover, the diameter of the polymer contained in the livestock feces treatment liquid is about 3 to 8 (nm).

Iron contained in the house animal feces treatment liquid is present in different forms by pH. The pH3 or less, ^iron, Fe 3 +, in PH3～pH4, the ^{Fe 3+} and ^{_{Fe (OH) 2 +, pH4~pH5}} , higher than the ^{Fe 3+} and Fe ^{(OH) 2+} and Fe ^_(OH) 2 +, pH5 In pH, it is present as Fe ^{(OH) 2+} and Fe _(OH) ^{2 +} and Fe _{(OH) 3.}

Further, the residue was sulfuric acid extracts of soil as the base material of the house animal feces treatment liquid, a pure iron (Fe (3+)), and a non-crystalline goethite (α-FeOOH). Here, pure iron (Fe (3+)) refers to stable iron that does not easily change, and refers to iron that is not oxidized and does not elute.

An example composition of a house animal feces treatment liquid shown in Table 1.

Further, an example of a residue which was extracted soil as the base material of the house dung processing solution with sulfuric acid, as a result of measurement by the Mossbauer spectroscopy, and paramagnetic _{Fe (3+), Fe 3 O} 4 of spinel octahedral positions, It was found to contain Fe ₃ O _{4 at the} position of spinel tetrahedron and α-Fe ₂ O ₃ . Among the Fe contained in the residue, 6% of the paramagnetic Fe (3 +), 38% of _Fe 3 _O 4 of spinel octahedral positions, 31% _Fe 3 _O 4 of spinel tetrahedral position, 25% A measurement result of α-Fe ₂ O ₃ was obtained.

House dung processing solution has a deodorant sterilization effect.
This is considered to be because a ferrihydrite complex is formed from Fe (OH) _3, and when the complex is formed, the aromatic ring or —SH group of the organic substance is cleaved to remove feces odor.
Further, it is considered that the odorous substance is oxidatively decomposed by superoxide generated when iron of the main component Fe (OH) ₃ at pH 5 or higher of the livestock manure treatment solution reacts to become divalent by the following chemical formula (1). .
4Fe (OH) ₃ + 8H ⁺ → 4Fe ²⁺ + 10H ₂ O + O ₂ (Chemical formula 1)

In general, since O ₂ becomes an electron acceptor in an oxidized state, the final products of organic substances in the oxidized state are CO ₂ and H ₂ O. In the reduced state, NO ₃ , SO ₄ , CO ₂ Becomes an electron acceptor, and N ₂ , H ₂ S, and CH ₄ are also generated as a final product of organic matter.
Since the oxidation-reduction potential of the reaction of Formula 1 is EH = −0.183 V and the potential generated by methane gas is EH = −0.253 V, it prevents an anaerobic state and suppresses the generation of methane gas and the like. .

(Manufacturing method of livestock manure compost)
About the manufacturing method of livestock manure compost of this embodiment, the case where chicken manure compost is manufactured using chicken manure is explained as an example.
First, the livestock excrement treatment solution is diluted 10 to 3000 times with water to obtain a diluted solution of pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 6. At this time, even if it is diluted at the same magnification, the pH of the diluted solution obtained varies depending on the type of water used for dilution. In this embodiment, pure water is used.
Next, chicken droppings of the egg-collecting chicken are prepared. As chicken droppings of the egg-collecting chicken, one having a pH of 5 or more is used. If the intestinal pH is not adjusted to lower the intestinal pH of the chicken, the pH of the chicken manure of the egg-laying chicken is usually around 6, and can be used as it is. If the pH of the chicken manure is less than 5, adjust to pH 5 or higher.

Livestock manure treatment liquid, is less than pH 5, there is no Fe _{(OH) 3,} the ^{Fe 3+} and Fe ^{(OH) 2+} and Fe _(OH) ^{2 +} form. Because when the Fe ³⁺ and Fe ^{(OH) 2+} and Fe _(OH) ^{2 +} mode, the organic matter in the manure is aluminum rather than iron, magnesium, resulting in formation of other elements and complexes such as calcium, iron Ferrihydrite, which is a complex of organic and organic matter, is not possible. Therefore, in order to form ferrihydrite, it is necessary that the pH of the mixture of the chicken feces and the diluted livestock feces treatment solution is 5 or more in each step of the method for producing livestock manure compost.

Subsequently, after performing the addition process which spreads 0.2-1.5L dilution liquid per kg of egg droppings of egg-laying chicken to chicken droppings using a well-known spray, the stirring process which stirs and mixes for 5 to 15 minutes is performed, chicken droppings And a mixture of the treatment liquid is obtained. In addition, the addition amount of a dilution liquid is determined according to the water content of chicken manure. Moreover, an addition process is not restricted to spraying using a spray, You may inject | pour dilution liquid as it is or sprinkle it.
The mixture is thinly spread on a sheet and dried in the sun for 5 to 14 days so that the water content is about 10 to 25% to obtain a dry mixture. Here, the reason why the number of sun-dried days is set to 5 days or more is that if it is less than 5 days, the odor peculiar to livestock droppings is not completely removed. The reason why the period is 14 days or less is that the odor peculiar to livestock excrement is almost completely removed by drying in the sun for 14 days. Moreover, if it is sun-dried for days longer than 14 days, the processing efficiency of chicken manure will fall, and it will be necessary to enlarge the facility which stores the chicken manure waiting for processing.
In the present embodiment, the drying process is performed by sun drying, but drying may be performed by a dryer such as a conveyor dryer or a drum dryer.
The dried mixture is pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.

In the method for producing livestock manure compost of this embodiment, the pH of the diluted solution of the livestock feces treatment liquid is adjusted to 5 or more, and chicken feces having a pH of 5 or more are used. It is possible to maintain the pH of the dilute solution at 5 or higher, and it is possible to make Fe (OH) ₃ (iron hydroxide) as a raw material for ferrihydrite exist in the dilute solution of the livestock feces treatment solution. Become.

(Livestock manure compost)
The chicken manure compost produced by the above method for producing livestock manure compost is composed of a green to black powder. There is no odor peculiar to livestock manure compost.
Further, the chicken manure compost is preferably pH 8 or less. When the pH is higher than 8, a unique miso odor may be generated. However, when the pH is 8 or less, the miso odor is relieved or eliminated.
In addition, because the composition and properties of chicken manure compost change depending on the feed, water, and the environment in which the chicken grew, etc., even if the pH of the chicken manure compost is the same, no miso odor is produced. In some cases, the frequency of miso odor is different. When the chicken manure compost has a pH of 6 or less, the occurrence of miso odor is almost completely prevented under any conditions.

Hereinafter, Examples 1 to 5 of chicken manure compost produced by the above method for producing livestock manure compost will be described.
Example 1
Sprinkle 0.5 L of a diluted solution of livestock dung treatment solution with water on 2 kg of egg droppings of egg-laying chicken, stir and mix for 5 minutes, and then leave it for a few minutes to mix 2.5 kg of chicken dung and treatment solution. Got. The mixture was spread thinly on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain 0.35 kg of a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.

(Example 2)
Sprinkle 0.5 L of a diluted solution of livestock dung treatment solution with water on 2 kg of chicken dung of egg-laying chickens, stir and mix for 5 minutes, and leave for a few minutes to mix 2.5 kg of chicken dung and treatment solution. Got. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain 0.28 kg of a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.

(Example 3)
Sprinkle 0.3 L of livestock feces treatment solution diluted 1000 times with water onto 1 kg of chicken feces of egg-collecting chicken, stir and mix for 5 minutes, and then leave for several minutes to mix 1.3 kg of chicken feces and treatment solution Got. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain 0.14 kg of a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.

Example 4
0.5 L of diluted solution of livestock excrement treatment solution diluted with water 500 times is sprinkled on 2 kg of poultry manure of egg-laying hens, stirred for 5 minutes and then allowed to stand for several minutes, then 2.5 kg of chicken feces and treatment solution mixture Got. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 11 days to obtain 0.45 kg of a dry mixture. Of this, 0.215 kg of the dry mixture was discarded and 0.235 kg of the dry mixture was used as a sample. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.

(Example 5)
After diluting 0.5L of the livestock dung treatment solution 1000 times with water, spray it on 2kg of chicken dung of egg-laying chickens, stir and mix for 5 minutes, leave it for several minutes, and then mix 2.5kg of chicken dung and treatment solution. Got. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 11 days to obtain 0.469 kg of a dry mixture. Of these, 0.134 kg of the dry mixture was discarded and 0.335 kg of the dry mixture was used as a sample. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.

(Test Example 1)
Table 2 shows the results of testing for the odor of livestock manure compost of Examples 1 to 5 adjusted as described above.

  In Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5, the odor during the stirring step was about 50 when the odor of chicken dung as a raw material was set to 100. Further, on the sixth day after the start of the drying process, no odor peculiar to chicken manure was felt, and the odor was completely removed. Moreover, after that, the feces odor was not restored as it was, and there was no fecal odor up to the product form of livestock manure compost and the paste in which water was added to the livestock manure compost.

  Moreover, in Example 3, when the odor of chicken droppings as a raw material was set to 100, the odor during the stirring process was about 50. Moreover, after the completion of the drying process for 7 days, it had an odor about the boundary of whether it was felt or not felt. The odor after the drying process was very weaker than the odor of conventional chicken manure compost.

  Table 3 shows the analysis results of livestock manure compost according to Example 2.

  The chicken manure compost according to Example 2 had a phosphoric acid content of 8.6%, a nitrogen content of 2.77 and a potassium content of 4.10. Conventional chicken manure compost has a phosphoric acid content of 4 to 6% and less than twice the amount of potassium. Therefore, it has been found that the content ratio of phosphoric acid is high even when compared with conventional chicken manure compost.

(Example 6)
1 L of diluted solution of livestock dung treatment solution diluted 10-fold with water is sprinkled on 10 kg of chicken dung of egg-laying chicken to make water 60%, stirred and mixed for 10 minutes, then left for several minutes to mix chicken dung and treatment solution Got. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.
The obtained livestock manure compost had a pH of 5.54 and was odorless.

(Example 7)
1 L of a diluted solution obtained by diluting livestock feces treatment solution 10 times with water is sprayed on 10 kg of chicken feces of an egg-collecting chicken having a pH of 6.33 to obtain a moisture content of 60%. After stirring and mixing for 10 minutes, the mixture is allowed to stand for several minutes. A mixture of treatment liquids was obtained. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.
The obtained livestock manure compost had a pH of 5.17 and was odorless.

(Example 8)
1 L of diluted solution of livestock dung treatment solution diluted 10-fold with water is sprinkled on 10 kg of chicken dung of egg-laying chicken to make water 60%, stirred and mixed for 10 minutes, then left for several minutes to mix chicken dung and treatment solution Got. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.
The obtained livestock manure compost had a pH of 7.56 and had a slight odor, but the fertilizer odor was only acceptable as an acceptable product.

Example 9
1 L of diluted solution of livestock dung treatment solution diluted 5 times with water is sprayed on 10 kg of chicken dung of the same egg-laying hen used in the proportional 1 to make the moisture 60%, and stirred and mixed for 10 minutes, then left for several minutes Thus, a mixture of chicken manure and treatment liquid was obtained. The mixture was thinly spread on a sheet and sun-dried for 7 days to obtain a dry mixture. Next, the mixed dried product was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product, thereby completing livestock manure compost.
The obtained livestock manure compost had a pH of 8.03 and had a slight odor, but the fertilizer odor was only acceptable as an acceptable product.

(Test Example 2)
Regarding the chicken manure compost produced in Examples 6 to 9, the relationship between pH and odor was examined.
From Examples 8 and 9, chicken manure compost treated with the livestock manure treatment solution had a slight odor at pH 7.56 and pH 8.03, but a slight miso odor that was acceptable. Accordingly, it has been found that the odor is unique only to alkaline livestock manure compost at a pH of about 8 or less.
Further, from Examples 6 and 7, the chicken manure compost treated with the livestock manure treatment solution had pH 5.54 and pH 5.17 and was completely odorless.
In Examples 6-9, it became neutral or acidic chicken manure compost with livestock manure treatment liquid, and it was confirmed that there is no malodor peculiar to alkali. When the odor was confirmed, the generation of ammonia was suppressed, and it seemed that it was in the same system as the true fermented food.

Claims (2)

Livestock manure compost free of fecal odor, containing phosphoric acid in an amount more than twice the amount of nitrogen and more than twice the amount of potassium, and containing a complex of ferrihydrite and organic matter in livestock feces . In pH8 below, livestock manure compost according to claim 1, characterized in that it does not contain the moisture control material containing wood chips.