JP6263334B2 - Floor slab unit and pavement structure and method using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a floor slab unit and a paving structure and a paving method using the floor slab unit, and more particularly, a floor slab laid in a place where the nature or structure of the ground or road body changes, particularly in a place where there is a possibility of uneven settlement. The present invention relates to a unit and a pavement structure and a pavement method using the unit.

  It is assumed that steps or cracks will occur on the road due to liquefaction and ground subsidence associated with large-scale earthquakes. Such a step or crack may interfere with emergency vehicle traffic or early recovery during a disaster.

  Currently, as a preventive work for subsidence, measures are underway to improve the ground to deep underground.

  Patent Document 1 discloses that a ground subsidence comprising: a first floor slab laid on the ground surface above the buried object and a second floor slab laid on both sides of the first floor slab. It is a countermeasure structure, and a ground settlement countermeasure structure is proposed in which an injection hole penetrating the second floor slab is formed in advance in the second floor slab.

The purpose of the ground subsidence countermeasure structure of Patent Document 1 is that uneven settlement occurs around the buried object U, and a step as shown in FIG. It is prevention. According to the ground subsidence countermeasure structure of Patent Document 1, when subsidence occurs in the ground before and after the buried object U, the following action is performed:
“Because the floor slab extended in the front and back is inclined and sloped, it is prevented that a step is formed in the front and back of the structure. Also, since the injection hole is formed in the floor slab in advance, When a void is formed under the floor slab due to ground subsidence, the filler can be injected into the void using this injection hole. "

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2009-250006 (see claim 1, paragraph 0013)

  According to the ground improvement work described above, since it is necessary to dig up the ground to a deep place in the ground, there is a problem that construction takes time and cost.

  According to the ground subsidence countermeasure structure of Patent Document 1, in the floor slab 101 in which the first floor slab (floor slab part) and the second floor slab (floor slab part) are integrally connected, the first floor slab part And the location used as the axis of relative rotation of the 2nd floor slab part is not set up beforehand. For this reason, when the unexpected subsidence occurs more than expected, a large shearing force acts on an unexpected part of the floor slab 101, and the floor slab 101 is divided into left and right as shown in FIG. There is a possibility that a crack or a large level difference occurs on the paved road on the floor slab 101 by shifting up and down.

  Thus, there is a need for a pavement structure that can highly prevent a road from becoming inaccessible due to uneven settlement, and that can be easily constructed, and a pavement element that contributes to it.

In the first aspect, the floor slab unit includes the following elements.
A plurality of floor slabs having a structure that is laid across a place where the nature or structure of the ground or the road body changes and is connected so as to be relatively rotatable in the event of uneven settlement;
A hinge connecting the plurality of floor slabs so that the plurality of floor slabs rotate relative to each other when the uneven settlement occurs;
A fragile portion formed near the relative rotation axis of the plurality of floor slabs and assisting the relative rotation of the plurality of floor slabs when uneven settlement occurs ;
The fragile portion has a first groove formed on the lower surface of the floor slab unit and a second groove formed on the upper surface so as to reduce a cross-sectional area in the vicinity of the relative rotation axis of the floor slab unit. Having
The first and second grooves are configured to be different from each other so that a direction in which the plurality of floor slabs are relatively rotated is determined.

In the second aspect, the pavement structure includes the following elements.
A first slab unit laid on the ground or road;
Pavement formed on the floor plate unit of the first viewpoint.
In the third aspect, the pavement method includes the following steps.
(A) The floor slab unit of the first viewpoint is manufactured on site or by casting.
(B) The manufactured floor slab unit is laid on the ground or road.
(C) A step of paving the installed floor slab unit.

The floor slab unit of the first viewpoint and the pavement structure of the second viewpoint contribute to the following effects.
(A) Since a fulcrum is preliminarily formed in the floor slab unit by providing a hinge and a fragile portion in the floor slab unit including a plurality of floor slabs, the floor slab on the rotating or sinking side is positively applied when the uneven settlement occurs Can be rotated.
(B) When the uneven settlement occurs, the plurality of integrated floor slabs rotate relative to each other around the hinge connecting them.
(C) When the uneven settlement occurs, it is ensured that the plurality of floor slabs rotate relative to each other around the hinges by the weakened part formed in the vicinity of the hinges. The occurrence of breakage that can lead to the occurrence is prevented, and a state in which a plurality of floor slabs are connected via a hinge is maintained.
(D) By laying the floor slab unit on the roadbed, it is possible to save labor on large-scale ground or road body improvement work that has been carried out to prevent the occurrence of steps, and in addition, vehicles are on the road due to uneven settlement. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of a level difference that does not allow traffic, or to reduce the level difference that occurs due to the uneven settlement as much as possible, thereby facilitating the restoration work.

It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the floor slab unit which concerns on Embodiment 1, and a pavement structure using the same. FIG. 2 is an operation diagram of FIG. 1. (A)-(F) is explanatory drawing of Embodiment 2 which shows the various construction examples of a floor slab unit, (A) is a front view which shows the construction example 1 of a floor slab unit, (B) (C) is an operation diagram of (A), and (D) to (F) are schematic diagrams respectively showing construction examples 2 to 4 of the floor slab unit. . 10 is a schematic diagram showing a construction example 5. FIG. (A) is the principal part enlarged view of the floor slab unit of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, (B) is the principal part enlarged view of the floor slab unit which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. (A) is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that a level | step difference generate | occur | produces on the road by uneven subsidence, and (B) is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that a problem generate | occur | produces in the floor slab laid by the uneven subsidence.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be implemented in other forms, and can be implemented by combining various embodiments.

  The fragile portion includes a first groove formed on the lower surface of the floor slab unit and a second groove formed on the upper surface of the floor slab unit. The first and second grooves reduce the cross-sectional area in the vicinity of the relative rotation axis of the floor slab unit and assist relative rotation between the plurality of floor slabs constituting the floor slab unit. Further, such grooves prevent the corners of the plurality of floor slabs from interfering with each other when the plurality of floor slabs constituting the floor slab unit relatively rotate, thereby preventing relative rotation.

  The first or second groove may be filled with a joint material. The upper second groove is preferably filled with joint material for smoothing the pavement. Further, the direction in which the floor slab is easily rotated can be determined by the difference in size and shape between the first groove and the second groove.

  The fragile portion is preferably formed over the entire length or almost the entire length of the floor slab unit or floor slab. Moreover, in the floor slab unit, the cross-sectional area of the fragile portion is preferably 2/5 to 4/5 with respect to the cross-sectional area of other portions.

The floor slab unit is provided on the lower surface of the floor slab unit so as to extend in the width direction, and has a discarded form frame that forms a first groove. The first groove can be easily formed by using the discarded mold. Further, by forming the first groove so as to extend in the width direction of the floor slab unit (the width direction of the road), the relative rotation of the plurality of floor slabs at the time of occurrence of uneven settlement is further ensured.

  If, for example, tensile stress is applied to the upper part of a plurality of floor slabs and compressive stress is applied to the lower part due to uneven settlement, the deformability of the upper part of the hinge is more than the deformability of the lower part of the hinge. By increasing the height, smooth relative rotation is likely to occur. In the opposite case, the setting may be reversed.

  The floor slab shall be made of a highly rigid material or structure, for example, reinforced concrete, so that it will not break apart from the set fulcrum during uneven settlement. The floor slab may be cast on site or precast. The method for producing the slab may be selected according to the weight or size of the slab unit. When a menase hinge is used for the hinge, the menase hinge muscle may be placed together with the reinforcement in the floor slab, and concrete may be placed.

  When a plurality of embedded objects exist intermittently, two or three or more floor slabs may be connected via the hinge and the weak part.

  As the hinge, various concrete hinges or general hinges can be used. A hinge that actively promotes the relative rotation of a plurality of floor slabs when uneven settlement occurs, but uses a hinge that can secure the connected state of the plurality of floor slabs so as not to be separated greatly.

  The fragile portion is formed in the vicinity of the relative rotation axes of the plurality of floor slabs, that is, in the vicinity of the hinges, and causes the cross section of the floor slab unit to be lost. The deformation fulcrum of the floor slab unit is formed in advance by the fragile portion. When a weak part is a groove | channel, a joint material can be filled into a groove | channel in order to maintain waterproofness or the smoothness of pavement.

  Examples of the road body include ground, bedrock, and buried objects in them. Uneven settlement may occur between the ground above the bedrock or buried object and the ground at other places due to earthquakes or floods or changes over time.

  Then, an example of a pavement structure is demonstrated. Below the floor slab unit, a road bed constructed on the ground or a road body, and a road bed constructed on the road bed are laminated. A common roadbed material may be used for the roadbed, for example, sand. A common roadbed material may be used for the roadbed, for example, crushed stone. A pavement is formed above the floor slab unit. The pavement is generally composed of a base layer on the floor slab unit and a surface layer on the base layer. The base layer can be composed of a coarse asphalt mixture and the surface layer can be composed of a dense asphalt mixture. A material other than asphalt, such as cement, may be used for the pavement.

  In the above example of the pavement structure, the example in which the floor slab unit is laid between the pavement and the roadbed has been described, but the floor slab unit may be laid between other layers. For example, a floor slab unit may be laid between the ground or the road body and the roadbed. The floor slab unit can also be used as a roadbed.

  When the buried object is near the ground surface, a floor slab unit may be connected to the buried object. When the floor slab unit is laid above the buried object, the lengths of the plurality of floor slabs constituting the floor slab unit are determined so that the hinge is located outside the end of the buried part. After the floor slab unit is constructed, the position of the hinge is preferably within a few meters from the end of the buried object in order to form an appropriate slope.

The floor slab unit is laid so as to cross over various buried parts exemplified below:
Common ditch, water pipe, gas pipe, cable tunnel, culvert, basement, bedrock, tight ground.

The floor slab unit is suitably applied to the locations exemplified below:
On the premises of factories or power plants, access roads connected to embankment roads, floors or walkways of buildings where uneven settlement may occur due to aging or temperature changes.

Embodiment 1

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a floor slab unit according to Embodiment 1 and a pavement structure using the floor slab unit.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the pavement structure 1 is formed on a road body (ground) 10 including an embedded object U such as a structure embedded underground. The pavement structure 1 includes a roadbed 5 constructed on the road body 10, a roadbed 4 constructed on the roadbed 5, the floor slab unit 3 of the first embodiment laid on the roadbed 4, and the floor slab unit. 3 (including a surface layer 2a and a base layer 2b). The property or structure of the road body 10 is different between the left part in the figure where the embedded object U is present and the right part in the figure where there is no embedded object U.

  The floor slab unit 3 is integrated so that the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 constituting a continuous body and the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 are positively rotated relative to each other. The fragile part formed near the relative rotation axis (hinge 6) of the hinge 6 to be connected and the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32, and assisting the relative rotation of the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 7.

  The first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 are made of reinforced concrete and have bar arrangements 31a and 32a. The first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 are connected by the concrete and the hinge 6 to constitute an integrated continuous body. The first floor slab 31 is located on the ground or the road body 10 on the buried object U, and the second floor slab 32 is located on the normal ground or the road body 10. That is, the floor slab unit 3 is laid across a place where the property or structure of the ground or the road body 10 changes. In the illustrated embodiment, the first floor slab 31 is a fixed side, and the second floor slab 32 is a rotating side, that is, a slope forming side.

  The hinge 6 connects the first and second floor slabs 31, 32 so that the first and second floor slabs 31, 32 rotate relative to each other without being separated when uneven settlement occurs in the road body 10. Yes. In this Embodiment 1, the hinge 6 is comprised from the menase hinge formed by extending a part of the bar arrangements 31a and 32a. The hinge 6 is formed so that the extended portion of the upper reinforcing bar 6a and the extended portion of the lower reinforcing bar 6b intersect in an X shape at the boundary between the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32.

  The fragile portion 7 reduces the strength of the floor slab unit 3 in the vicinity of the hinge 6 and ensures relative rotation of the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 with the vicinity of the hinge 6 as the rotation axis when the uneven settlement occurs. The fragile portion 7 has at least a first groove 7 a formed on the lower surface of the floor slab unit 3, and further has a second groove 7 b formed on the upper surface of the floor slab unit 3. The first and second grooves 7a and 7b reduce the cross-sectional area in the vicinity of the relative rotation axis or in the vicinity of the hinge 6 to facilitate relative rotation.

  The lower first groove 7 a can be formed using the discard mold 8. The discard mold 8 is disposed so as to extend in the width direction on the lower surface of the floor slab unit 3 and functions so that concrete does not enter the discard mold 8 when placing concrete. The discard mold 8 is formed of a thin plate, for example, an iron plate so as not to disturb the relative rotation of the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32.

  The upper second groove 7b can be formed by formwork or excavation. The upper second groove 7b is preferably filled with a joint material in order to maintain the smoothness of the pavement (2a, 2b).

  FIG. 2 is an operation diagram of FIG. 1 and schematically shows the state of the floor slab unit 3 after the occurrence of the uneven settlement.

  With reference to FIGS. 1 to 2, it is assumed that the road body 10 on the right side in the figure has largely sunk compared to the road body 10 on the left side in the figure due to an earthquake or ground consolidation.

  The second floor slab 32 on the side where the amount of settlement is large rotates around the hinge 6 in the clockwise direction in the drawing while maintaining a connection state via the hinge 6 with respect to the first floor slab 31. Thereby, in the floor slab unit 3, it is highly prevented that the concrete breaks at a place other than the vicinity of the hinge 6. This is because the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 are actively rotated relative to each other by the hinge 6, and the relative rotation is assisted by the fragile portion 7. Depending on the situation, the second floor slab 32 may rotate counterclockwise in the figure.

  Thus, even if uneven settlement occurs, the appropriate deformation of the floor slab unit 3 prevents the road or pavement (2a, 2b) from generating a step or crack as shown in FIG. 6 (B), Instead, a slope having an inclination that allows the vehicle to pass is formed.

Embodiment 2

  In the second embodiment, various construction examples of the floor slab unit according to one embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 (A) is a front view showing a construction example 1 of the floor slab unit, FIG. 3 (B) is a plan view of FIG. 3 (A), and FIG. 3 (C) is an operation of FIG. 3 (A). FIG. 3D to FIG. 3F and FIG. 4 are schematic views showing construction examples 2 to 5 of the floor slab unit, respectively.

[Construction Example 1]
Referring to FIG. 3A, in the floor slab unit 3, the second floor slab 32 is connected to the left and right of the first floor slab 31, respectively. The first floor slab 31 is laid above the buried object U, and the left and right second floor slabs 32 and 32 are laid above the left and right of the buried object U. Referring to FIG. 3B, the first groove 7 a is formed over the entire length in the width direction of the floor slab unit 3. Referring to FIG. 3 (C), when the uneven settlement occurs, the left and right second floor slabs 32, 32 rotate relative to the first floor slab 31 above the buried object U, and the first floor slab 31 A slope that allows the vehicle to pass is formed on the roads on the left and right. The first floor slab 31 may be further connected to the end of the second floor slab 32.

[Construction Example 2]
Referring to FIG. 3D, the buried object U is not a structure such as a common ditch or a basement, but may be a bedrock. Even in this case, the floor slab unit 3 functions effectively.

[Construction Example 3]
Referring to FIG. 3 (E), the floor slab unit 3 can be laid in advance partially or entirely with an inclination.

[Construction Example 4]
Referring to FIG. 3F, when the buried portion U is directly below the ground surface or exposed, one end of the floor slab unit 3 to the first floor slab 31 may be connected to the buried object U.

[Construction Example 5]
Referring to FIG. 4, two or more fixed first floor slabs 31 and two or more second floor slabs according to the length and structure of the laying place of floor slab unit 3. 32 may be connected. Moreover, the 2nd floor slab 32 may rotate toward the downward direction, when the edge part of the 2nd floor slab 32 rotates upwards according to the condition of the installation location.

Embodiment 3

  In the third embodiment, differences between the floor slab unit of the first embodiment and the third embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the first embodiment will be referred to as appropriate for the common points between the two. FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a main part of the floor slab unit according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of a main part of the floor slab unit according to the third embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 5A, in the first embodiment, a menase hinge (menase hinge muscle, concrete hinge) is used as the hinge 6. However, referring to FIG. 5B, in the third embodiment, a general hinge is used. 16 is used.

  Referring to FIG. 5 (B), the hinge 16 is disposed substantially at the center in the thickness direction of the floor slab unit 3 so that both end portions of the hinge 16 do not come off when the first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 are rotated relative to each other. The first and second floor slabs 31 and 32 are firmly fixed.

  The floor slab unit of the present invention and the pavement structure using the floor slab unit are applied to various places where there is a possibility of uneven settlement. For example, roads in sites such as factories, dike roads, coastal roads close to rocks, and It is applied to other general roads, building floors or walkways.

1 Pavement structure 2a Surface layer 2b Base layer 2a, 2b Pavement (road)
3 Floor slab unit 4 Roadbed 5 Roadbed 6 Hinge (menase hinge)
6a Upper bar arrangement 6b Lower bar arrangement 7 Fragile part 7a First groove (lower side)
7b Second groove (upper side)
8 Abandoned formwork 10 Road (Ground, bedrock, buried object)
16 Hinge (general hinge)
31 First floor slab 31a Reinforcement 32 Second floor slab 32a Reinforcement

Claims (5)

A plurality of floor slabs having a structure that is laid across a place where the nature or structure of the ground or road body changes, and is connected so as to be capable of relative rotation when uneven settlement occurs;
A hinge that couples the plurality of floor slabs so that the plurality of floor slabs rotate relative to each other when non-uniform settlement occurs;
Wherein the plurality of formed near relative rotation axis of the deck, a deck unit and a weakened portion for assisting the relative rotation of the plurality of slabs during differential settlement occurs,
The fragile portion has a first groove formed on the lower surface of the floor slab unit and a second groove formed on the upper surface so as to reduce a cross-sectional area in the vicinity of the relative rotation axis of the floor slab unit. Have
The first and second grooves are configured to be different from each other so that a relative rotation direction of the plurality of floor slabs is determined;
Deck unit shall be the features a. When tensile stress is applied to the upper part of the plurality of floor slabs and compressive stress is expected to be applied to the lower part, the deformability of the upper part of the hinge is made higher than the deformability of the lower part of the hinge. To configure
When compressive stress is applied to the upper part of the plurality of floor slabs and tensile stress is expected to be applied to the lower part, the deformability of the upper part of the hinge is made smaller than the deformability of the lower part of the hinge. To configure the
The floor slab unit according to claim 1. The floor slab unit according to claim 2, further comprising a discard frame provided on a lower surface of the floor slab unit so as to extend in a width direction and forming the first groove. The floor slab unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is laid on the ground or a road body,
Pavement formed on the floor slab unit;
A pavement structure characterized by comprising: (A) a step of producing the floor slab unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 by placing or precasting at a site;
(B) laying the manufactured floor slab unit on the ground or road body;
(C) paving the laid slab unit;
A pavement method characterized by comprising:

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