JP6240625B2 - Retaining wall, creation site and creation method of creation site - Google Patents

Description

  The invention of this application relates to a structure of a retaining wall in a creation site or the like.

In Japan, where the land area is small, when creating land for various uses, such as residential land, it is necessary to perform construction work such as cutting up the slopes of mountains. In addition, when raising the coastal land that has subsided due to a disaster such as the Great East Japan Earthquake, it is necessary to carry out construction to bring in the mountain sediment.
In such a construction work, the site is often raised from the adjacent land, or is often built higher than the adjacent land. That is, it is often necessary to construct a retaining wall at least at a part of the boundary of the site. Also, the retaining walls that have already been constructed often need to be renovated due to aging or damage due to disasters such as heavy rain. In other words, it is necessary to destroy the existing retaining wall and construct a new retaining wall.

  FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional general retaining wall. As shown in FIG. 17, the retaining wall includes a base portion 201 constructed in the ground and a wall portion 202 covering the slope. The foundation 201 is a concrete section having a T-shaped cross section. There are various types of the wall portion 202, but the base portion 201 is made as a concrete wall extending along the slope as it is, or a concrete block such as Satoshi stone is piled up to be a masonry wall. There are many cases. The concrete wall portion 202 and the foundation portion 201 are often reinforced with reinforcing bars, and in the case of a masonry wall portion, the back is hardened with concrete or a crushed stone layer is provided.

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The biggest drawback of such a conventional retaining wall structure is that the retaining wall itself has a large load and is easily deformed by its own weight. Therefore, it is indispensable to reinforce with a support pile (not shown). For this reason, it is large as a structure, and is likely to be expensive construction. In addition, structural calculations are often required in accordance with the height and width of the wall 202, the geology of the site, and the like, which also increases the cost.
As another problem, in recent years, the problem of river inundation due to runoff of rainwater has become serious in urban areas. The conventional concrete retaining wall as described above also has substantially no rainwater storage and permeation function. Therefore, in the case of heavy rain, the rainwater flows out as it is and causes river flooding.
The invention of this application was made in order to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional retaining wall, and it is a retaining wall that can be constructed at low cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide an excellent retaining wall structure that exhibits a rainwater storage and penetration effect, and to provide a suitable creation site including such a retaining wall and a creation method thereof.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 of this application is a retaining wall constructed at a boundary portion with the adjacent land on the site in contact with the adjacent ground having a low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site does not exceed the angle of repose line drawn at the angle of the angle of repose of the geology of the site, starting from the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground)
Each resin block has a shape with an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates underground ,
The side part of each connected resin block is open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and the internal space of each resin block layer in the resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Have
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, invention of Claim 2 is the retaining wall constructed | assembled in the boundary part with the said adjacent land in the site | part which touched the adjacent land with low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site does not exceed the line drawn at an angle of 35 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane starting from the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground)
Each resin block has a shape having an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates into the basement ,
The side part of each connected resin block is open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and the internal space of each resin block layer in the resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Have
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, invention of Claim 3 is the retaining wall constructed | assembled in the boundary part with the said adjacent land in the site which touches the adjacent land with low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site does not exceed the line drawn at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane starting from the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground), and the height of the slope is Within 5 meters,
Each resin block has a shape with an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates underground ,
The side part of each connected resin block is open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and the internal space of each resin block layer in the resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Have
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, the invention of Claim 4 is the retaining wall constructed | assembled in the boundary part with the said adjacent land in the site | part which touched the adjacent land with low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed laterally on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site is at an angle exceeding 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and the site of earth pressure on the slope is more than the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground). It is the position of the center side of
Each resin block has a shape having an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates into the basement ,
The side part of each connected resin block is open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and the internal space of each resin block layer in the resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Have
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 5 is the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the resin block layer is filled with crushed stone, gravel or chestnut. Have.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 6 is the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a reinforcing column disposed through the resin block is provided in the resin block layer. It has a configuration of being provided.
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, invention of Claim 7 has the retaining wall in any one of the said Claim 1 thru | or 6 in the shape of a periphery, and a ground surface becomes high with respect to an adjacent ground. It has a configuration that it is an established site.
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, invention of Claim 8 is the creation method of creating the creation place of the said Claim 7,
A resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally, and connecting them to each other. A resin block layer forming step to be continuous;
After the resin block layer forming step , filling the inner space of the formed resin block layer with embankment, leveling and tamping,
And fixing the side surface layer to the outer side surface of the resin block layer exposed on the adjacent side and covering the outer side surface with the side surface layer.

As explained below, according to the invention of this application, since the earth pressure from the slope of the site does not act on the side layer or the earth pressure is so small that no retaining wall is needed, Does not occur. And since the space between a side layer and a slope is filled with the resin block layer, a wider area | region can be ensured as a creation site. Furthermore, since the resin block layer acts as a rainwater storage and penetration tank, the rainwater outflow suppression effect is exhibited, and disasters such as river flooding are prevented. Moreover, even when installation of the rainwater storage / osmosis tank is obligated, the effect that the installation becomes unnecessary or can be obtained on a small scale can be obtained by using the resin block layer.
According to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the above effect, the resin block layer is stabilized, so that the resin block layer is strong against shaking due to an earthquake or the like.
Further, according to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the above effect, the resin block layer is reinforced by the reinforcing support column, so that the retaining wall is further stabilized and the slope is very high. It becomes.

It is the cross-sectional schematic which showed the structure of the creation place of 1st embodiment. It is the schematic of the resin block which forms the resin block layer shown in FIG. 1, (1) is a plane schematic, (2) is a front schematic. It is the front schematic diagram shown about mutual fitting at the time of connecting the resin block shown in FIG. 2 in an up-down direction. It is the front sectional schematic diagram shown about the structure at the time of connecting the resin block shown in Drawing 2 in a horizontal direction, (1) is a plane schematic diagram, (2) is a front sectional schematic diagram. It is the schematic of the end plate used when forming a resin block layer, (1) is front schematic, (2) is side schematic. It is the schematic shown about the creation method of the creation place of 1st embodiment. It is the schematic shown about the creation method of the creation place of 1st embodiment. It is the cross-sectional schematic shown about the angle of the slope in the structure of the formation land of 1st embodiment. It is the cross-sectional schematic shown about the rainwater storage penetration effect in the structure of the creation land of embodiment. It is a section schematic diagram of the creation ground of a second embodiment. It is the cross-sectional schematic shown about the earth pressure action in the structure of the formation site of 2nd embodiment shown in FIG. It is the cross-sectional schematic shown about the creation method of the creation place of 2nd embodiment. It is the cross-sectional schematic shown about the creation method of the creation place of 2nd embodiment. It is the cross-sectional schematic which showed the structure of the retaining wall which concerns on embodiment. It is the cross-sectional schematic shown about embodiment of the construction method of a retaining wall. It is the cross-sectional schematic which showed the structure of the retaining wall of embodiment of a reinforcement type. It is the cross-sectional schematic which showed the structure of the conventional general retaining wall.

Next, modes for carrying out the invention of the present application (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described.
First, an embodiment of the invention of the creation site will be described. The land to be described below is assumed to be created by raising the land in the coastal area that has subsided due to the Great East Japan Earthquake, or by transporting mountain sediment to make the fallow field into residential land or business land. doing. However, application of the creation land and retaining wall of the present invention is not limited to these cases.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the formation site of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the creation site of the embodiment is formed of a bank 1 having a high ground surface 11 with respect to an adjacent site, and a retaining wall 2 is constructed at a boundary portion with the adjacent site 100. And the retaining wall 2 has the structure provided with the exposed side layer 3, and the resin block layer 4 constructed between the side layer 3 and the slope (the slope of the embankment 1 here) 12 of a site. . In addition, “neighboring land” means a land adjacent to the created land, and is not limited to a land such as a residential land, but a variety of roads and river banks. There can be cases.

The big feature point of the creation site of the embodiment provided with the retaining wall 2 is that the slope 12 of the site has a repose angle or less. The angle of repose is the maximum angle of the slope that remains stable without spontaneous collapse, and the retaining wall is usually constructed when the angle of the slope of the constructed land is to be set larger than the angle of repose. The structure of the embodiment is abnormal. In other words, the retaining wall is normally constructed as a reinforcing wall for preventing the slope from collapsing after setting the angle of the slope of the constructed land to be larger than the angle of repose. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, in the constructed land of the embodiment, the slope 12 of the site is set to an angle equal to or less than the repose angle. Therefore, theoretically, in the creation land of the embodiment, the slope 12 of the site does not collapse spontaneously.
In addition, although it is a term "slope", as shown in FIG. 1, the slope 12 is formed in step shape, and has a horizontal part. Including this case, the term “slope” is used in this specification.
Further, the “retaining wall” means a wall reinforced to prevent the slope of the site from collapsing, but the slope 12 does not naturally collapse in the constructed land of the embodiment. The term “retaining wall” is not appropriate. Nevertheless, since it is a structure that replaces the conventional retaining wall, the term “retaining wall” is used in a broad sense.

Since the slope 12 is less than the angle of repose, the retaining wall is not necessary in the constructed land of the embodiment. However, if the angle of repose is kept below the angle of repose, the usable area of the created land is reduced. Retaining wall 2 including it is constructed.
The resin block layer 4 is a layer in which resin blocks 5 which are resin (excluding foamed resin) skeleton members are arranged side by side vertically and horizontally. The term “framework member” means that it can be used as a structural material that supports the structure of the creation site, and is not necessarily limited to a member made of a beam-like part or a columnar part, but is formed of a plate-like part. There may be.

  2 is a schematic view of a resin block 5 forming the resin block layer 4 shown in FIG. 1, wherein (1) is a schematic plan view and (2) is a schematic front view. The resin block 5 includes a base portion 51 that is in a horizontal posture and leg portions 52 that are formed to extend vertically from the base portion 51. The base portion 51 has a square plate shape as a whole. A large number of openings 50 for water flow and the like are formed in the base portion 51.

A total of four leg portions 52 are provided at each corner position of the square base portion 51. The position of the leg 52 is a position slightly inside from the edge of the corner. Each leg 52 is located on a diagonal line, and all the distances from the corner edges are the same.
Each leg 52 is a substantially prismatic part as a whole. However, the inside of each leg portion 52 is hollow. Each leg portion 52 has the largest cross-sectional area at the portion connected to the base portion 51, and gradually becomes a smaller cross-sectional area as the distance from the base portion 51 increases. That is, it has a trapezoidal shape when viewed from the front. In the resin block 5, the height of each leg part 52 is the same.

The resin blocks 5 shown in FIG. 2 are arranged as described later to form the resin block layer 4. At this time, the resin blocks 5 are connected to each other by a fitting structure. This point will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic front view showing the mutual fitting when the resin blocks 5 shown in FIG. 2 are connected in the vertical direction.
As shown in FIG. 3, when the resin blocks 5 are stacked one above the other, the ends of the leg portions 52 of the two resin blocks 5 are abutted and fitted to each other. As shown in FIG. 2, an insertion protrusion (hereinafter referred to as an insertion protrusion) 53 is formed on the upper end surface of each leg portion 52. The fitting protrusion 53 is a part for combination with another resin block 5 positioned on the upper side. As shown in FIG. 2A, two fitting protrusions 53 are formed on the upper end surface of each leg portion 52. As shown in FIG. 2A, each fitting protrusion 53 is provided on a diagonal line in the direction from obliquely upper left to obliquely lower right in the substantially square upper end surface shape of each leg portion 52.

  A fitting hole (hereinafter referred to as a fitting hole) 54 is formed on the upper end surface of each leg portion 52. The fitting hole 54 is a hole into which the fitting protrusion 53 is fitted. Two fitting holes 54 are also provided on each upper end surface. The fitting hole 54 is provided on a diagonal line in a direction from diagonally upper right to diagonally lower left when viewed in a plan view. In other words, each fitting hole 54 is arranged symmetrically with each fitting protrusion 53 on the upper end surface of each leg portion 52. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when the tips of the legs 52 are abutted with each other, one of the fitting projections 53 is fitted into each of the other fitting holes 54, thereby connecting the two resin blocks 5 up and down. The

  In some cases, the leg portion 52 of one resin block 5 is fitted into the base portion 51 of the other resin block 5. That is, a base insertion hole 54 is provided at a position on the same vertical line as the insertion protrusion 52 on the back surface (surface opposite to the leg portion 52) of the base portion 51 of each resin block 5. Therefore, by fitting the fitting protrusion 53 of the leg portion 51 of the other resin block 5 into the base fitting hole 54, each resin block 5 can be connected in the vertical direction while keeping the same posture.

  4 is a schematic front sectional view showing the structure when the resin block 5 shown in FIG. 2 is connected in the horizontal direction, (1) is a schematic plan view, and (2) is a schematic front sectional view. . As shown in FIG. 4, when connecting the resin blocks 5 in the horizontal direction, a small component for connection (hereinafter referred to as a connector) 6 is used. As shown in FIG. 4B, the connector 6 has a shape including a plate portion 61 and a fitting protrusion 62 provided so as to protrude from the plate portion 61 at a right angle. The plate part 61 is substantially square, and the fitting protrusions 62 are provided on both upper and lower surfaces. Further, four fitting protrusions 62 are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces, and are provided on the diagonals of the plate portion 61 at positions equidistant from the center.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2 (1) and FIG. 4 (1), insertion holes 57 are formed at each corner of the resin block 5. The insertion hole 57 has a shape and size suitable for the shape and size of the cross section of the fitting protrusion 62.
When connecting the resin blocks 5 in the horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 4A, the resin blocks 5 are packed and arranged so that the corners are adjacent to each other. And each corner | angular part is connected with the connector 6. FIG. That is, the fitting protrusions 62 are inserted into the respective insertion holes 57 of the four adjacent resin blocks 5. In addition, when connecting each resin block 5 in the same attitude | position and connecting up and down, the connection tool of the type in which the insertion protrusion 62 is formed only in the surface of one side is used about the connection of a horizontal direction.

  In such a connection structure of the resin blocks 5, the end plate 7 is fitted into the side surface portion as necessary. This point will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an end plate 7 used when the resin block layer 4 is formed. (1) is a schematic front view, and (2) is a schematic side view. The end plate 7 is made of resin and is a member corresponding to the base portion 51 of the resin block 5 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the end plate 7 is a member provided with a large number of openings 70 for water passage or the like, although it is a rectangular flat plate as a whole.

As shown in FIG. 3, the end plate 7 is used in a vertically standing state. The end plate 7 has projections 71 that are fitted vertically. In addition to being used for the purpose of reinforcement, the end plate 7 is used for the purpose of preventing earth and sand and crushed stone 15 from entering the resin block 5. In the case of the purpose of preventing the entry of earth and sand, a civil engineering stabilization sheet is also used so as to cover the end plate 7.
When the end plate 7 is used, the posture is set so that the protrusions are vertically directed. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, when the two resin blocks 5 are stacked one above the other with the leg portions 52 butted, the end plate 7 is sandwiched between the side surfaces. The height of the end plate 7 corresponds to the distance between the bases of the two resin blocks 5 that are faced and overlapped. In the base portion 51 of each resin block 5, a fitting hole 58 is formed corresponding to the position of the fitting projection 71 of the end plate 7. As shown in FIG. 5, the end plate 7 is sandwiched between the pair of base portions 51 in a state where the upper and lower fitting protrusions 71 are fitted in the fitting holes 58 of the base portion 51 of the resin block 5.

With the structure as described above, the plurality of resin blocks 5 are connected vertically and horizontally, and the resin block layer 4 is formed. And the end plate 7 is inserted | pinched as needed.
The end plate 7 is used as a member for receiving the tip of the leg portion 52 of the resin block 5 in addition to the purpose of being fitted on the side surface of the resin block layer 7 or a plurality of stacked resin block laminates having a desired thickness. It is also used for the purpose of forming. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 5, the fitting protrusion 72 and the fitting hole 73 are suitably formed. Further, the end plate 7 has a rib 74 for reinforcement.

On the other hand, the side layer 3 is a layer that covers the surface (outer side) of the resin block layer 4 on the adjacent side. Reinforcement such as masonry and concrete walls in conventional retaining walls is not the main purpose. The main purpose is to avoid the appearance of the resin block layer 4 when the outer surface of the resin block layer 4 is exposed. In the following description, the side of the land adjacent to the center of the site is referred to as “outside”, and the opposite side (center side) and “inside” are referred to.
Although various things can be used for the side layer 3, it can be set as a mortar makeup finish, for example. Specifically, the end plates 7 are sandwiched between the outer surfaces of the outermost resin blocks 5 in the resin block layer 4 as shown in FIG.

  And the mortar decorative board 32 is fixed as the side layer 3 to the end plate 7 on the outer side surface of the resin block layer 4 while interposing an EPS (styrofoam) plate 21 as a base material. Fixing is performed by screwing from the side layer 3 side. As the screw, for example, a stainless steel screw having a diameter of 5 mm and a length of about 5 to 8 mm is used, and is fixed by penetrating the end plate 7 through the EPS plate 31. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower end of the side layer 3 is in a state of being buried in the ground. Similarly, the lower end of the lowermost resin block 5 in the resin block layer 4 is also buried in the ground. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the side layer 3 is in a vertical posture and forms a vertical wall surface.

An upper surface layer 8 is provided on the upper side of the resin block layer 4. The upper surface layer 8 is made various according to the use of the creation site. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface layer 8 has a structure including a buffer layer 81 and a peripheral protective layer 82 partially provided on the buffer layer 81.
As the buffer layer 81, for example, a rippla board (recycled plastic board) is used. The peripheral protective layer 82 is made of concrete, and is made of laid mortar or precast concrete and fixed with mortar. The peripheral protective layer 82 has two main purposes, one is to prevent the inner embankment 1 from flowing out, and the other is for the construction of the handrail 83 provided as needed (for the handrail 83). Basic) purpose.

Next, the creation method of the creation place of 1st embodiment is demonstrated using FIG.6 and FIG.7. 6 and 7 are schematic views showing the creation method of the creation land of the first embodiment. The following description is also an explanation of an embodiment of the invention of the creation method of the creation site.
About the creation land of embodiment, it differs a little by the case where it cuts and opens the slope of a mountain, and the case where it creates by carrying earth and sand on a flat ground. Hereinafter, in the description, an example is taken in which earth and sand are brought into a flat ground. The creation method described below typically corresponds to the case where the land such as residential land is raised in the reconstruction of the coastal area where the ground has sunk due to the great earthquake.

  When creating the site shown in FIG. 1, the surface of the site is leveled, and the roots 13 are formed by digging a little. The root cut bottom 13 is formed in an area slightly wider than the area that will eventually become the formation site. Then, after rooting bottom 13 is squeezed with a roller or the like, temporary pressing bar 41 is stabbed as shown in FIG. The temporary pressing bar 41 is a bar that temporarily presses the resin block 5 so that the resin block 5 does not collapse when the resin block layer 4 is formed. As the temporary holding bar 41, a cylindrical pipe (single pipe) made of polyvinyl chloride is used. A large number of temporary holding bars 41 are constructed at appropriate intervals along the contour of the site for constructing the retaining wall 2 (the entire circumference in this example). Thereafter, a civil engineering sheet (hereinafter referred to as a civil engineering stabilization sheet) 14 that covers the root cutting bottom 13 and blocks water and soil for stabilization is laid. The civil engineering stabilization sheet 14 is laid in a state where the entire surface of the root cutting bottom 13 is covered. Thereafter, crushed stone, rubble, gravel or chestnut (hereinafter collectively referred to as “crushed stone”) is put into the root cutting bottom 13, and the crushed stone is about half the depth of the root cutting bottom 13 as shown in FIG. 6 (2). Layer 150 is applied.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6 (3), the resin blocks 5 are arranged and connected to each other to form a first-stage resin block layer. The first-stage resin block layer is composed of two resin blocks 5 with the leg portions 52 butting each other in the vertical direction. Hereinafter, what consists of the two resin blocks 5 connected up and down in this way is hereafter called an up-and-down connection body, and the code | symbol 40 shows. As shown in FIG. 6 (2), in the first stage, only one set of upper and lower connecting bodies 40 are arranged in a line along the retaining wall line direction (horizontal direction in which the retaining wall 2 after construction extends) and connected to each other. Is done. In each upper and lower connecting body 40, end plates 7 are fitted on the inner side surface and the outer side surface.

  In this way, the upper and lower connecting bodies 40 are arranged and connected to each other, whereby a first-stage resin block layer is formed. Next, the civil engineering stabilization sheet 14 is laid so as to cover the upper surface of the crushed stone layer 150 formed on the root cutting bottom 13 and the inner surface of the first-stage resin block layer. Then, as shown in FIG. 6 (4), earth and sand are thrown into the space surrounded by the resin block layer and filled. The embankment 1 is performed up to about half the height of the first-stage resin block layer 4. Then, the embankment 1 is flattened and slightly hardened with a roller or the like. Then, the civil engineering stabilization sheet | seat 14 is similarly laid so that the upper surface of the tamped embankment 1 and the inner surface of the 1st step resin block layer may be covered.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7 (1), earth and sand are further added to level and tampen, so that the height is almost the same as that of the first-stage resin block layer. In this state, a second-stage resin block layer is formed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 7A, in the second stage, two resin blocks 5 are arranged in the inner and outer directions to form a resin block layer. That is, one upper and lower connection body 40 is arranged on the first stage upper and lower connection body 40 and connected to the first stage, and another upper and lower connection body 40 is arranged and connected to the inside. Similarly, a plurality of outer and inner upper and lower connecting bodies 40 are arranged along the retaining wall line direction and connected to each other.

And as shown in FIG. 7 (2), the civil engineering stabilization sheet | seat 14 is arrange | positioned so that the surface of the tamped embankment 1 and the inner surface of the 2nd step | paragraph resin block layer may be covered, and to the height in the middle similarly Put earth and sand. After that, tamping is performed, and another civil engineering stabilization sheet 14 is laid, and earth and sand are added to make it flush with the upper surface of the second-stage resin block layer.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7 (3), a third-stage resin block layer is formed. In the third stage, the number of arrangements of the resin blocks 5 in the inner and outer directions is increased by one, and three sets of upper and lower coupling bodies 40 are arranged. Then, after covering the surface of the embankment 1 and the third-stage resin block layer with another civil engineering stabilization sheet 14, similarly, the earth and sand are filled, leveled, and tamped up to an intermediate height. Then, another civil engineering stabilization sheet 14 is laid and further earth and sand are added to the same height as the third-stage resin block layer, and leveling and tamping are performed.

  Finally, a finishing process is performed. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 (4), after pulling out all the temporary pressing bars 41, the side layer 3 is applied to the outer surface of the resin block layer 4. For example, as described above, the entire side surface of the resin block layer 4 is covered with the mortar decorative plate 32 while the EPS plate 31 is sandwiched therebetween, and is fixed with screws. Thereafter, the bottom root 13 at the bottom of the retaining wall 2 is backfilled with crushed stone 15 so as to have the same height as the adjacent land, and the upper surface layer 8 is constructed. Usually, a resin board such as a rippla board is laid as a buffer layer 81 on the surface (uppermost surface) of the resin block layer 4, and a slight embankment is provided on the board to level the entire surface. Then, if necessary, the peripheral protective layer 82 is formed by discarding the peripheral portion. Thereby, creation of the creation land of embodiment which has the ground surface 11 is completed.

  Appropriate construction is performed on the created land in this manner according to the purpose of the created land. For example, in the case of residential land, foundation construction is performed. At this time, a construction method may be employed in which a repeller board is laid on the surface of the resin block layer 4 and concrete is solidly placed thereon, and then a fabric foundation is constructed thereon.

According to the creation site of the embodiment according to the above structure and construction method, the slope 12 of the site is equal to or less than the angle of repose, so that the creation site does not essentially collapse. This point will be supplemented by using FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the angle of the slope 12 in the formation site of the embodiment shown in FIG.
The angle of the stepped slope 12 as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 is an angle formed by a plane represented by a line (shown by a broken line in FIG. 8) in contact with the corner with respect to the horizontal plane. be able to. Hereinafter, the slope 12 ′ represented by a line in contact with the corner is referred to as a replacement surface.
In the embodiment, “below the angle of repose” is an evaluation of whether or not special reinforcement is required for the retaining wall. Therefore, it is not the angle of the replacement surface 12 ′ but the lowest point of the retaining wall, particularly the side layer 3 ( It is necessary to think on the basis of (excluding buried parts). Hereinafter, this point is referred to as an angle of repose base point, and is indicated by B in FIG. Whether the angle of repose is equal to or less than the angle of repose is determined by the angle of the surface represented by the line drawn from the angle of repose base point B. That is, whether or not the angle A formed by the line (shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 8) from the repose angle base point B so as to contact the corner of the stepped slope 12 with respect to the horizontal plane is equal to or less than the repose angle. That is.

The angle of repose is generally 30 degrees as is well known, but it differs somewhat depending on the geology. Several measurement methods are known for the angle of repose, and it is possible to measure in advance the soil quality of the ground on which the retaining wall is to be constructed.
In FIG. 8, the angle of repose in the geology of the place where the retaining wall 2 is to be constructed is defined as θ. An imaginary line drawn from the angle of repose base point B by the angle of repose angle θ is called a repose angle line, and is shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8A, if the angle A is less than the repose angle θ, that is, if any part of the slope 12 does not exceed the repose angle line, earth pressure does not act on the retaining wall 2. Therefore, no special reinforcement is required for the retaining wall 2. In other words, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 8, if the resin block layer 4 is removed, the slope 12 of the embankment 1 is slightly collapsed, but is still stable at the angle of repose θ (that It can be said that the angle of the slope is θ). At this time, if the angle of the initial slope 12 is equal to or less than the angle of repose when viewed at the repose angle base point B, the tip of the collapsed slope does not reach the outside of the repose angle base point B. That is, the earth pressure on the slope 12 does not act on the side layer 3. Therefore, no special reinforcement is required for the side layer 3.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 8 (2) and 8 (3), when the slope 12 partially exceeds the angle of repose line, that is, the angle A of the slope 12 viewed from the angle of repose base point B exceeds the angle of repose. Theoretically, earth pressure acts on the retaining wall 2. However, in practice, even if the angle of repose is slightly exceeded, there is no particular problem because of the bonding strength of the resin block 5 and the strength of the side layer 3 itself. The provisions of laws and regulations will be helpful as to how much it does not cause a problem. For example, in the Enforcement Ordinance for the Regulation on Building Lots, etc., if the geology is “gravel, true sand, Kanto loam, hard clay, etc.”, the retaining wall is not required until the inclination angle is 35 degrees. When the inclination angle is more than 35 degrees and 45 degrees or less, the retaining wall 2 is unnecessary if the height of the inclined surface 12 is 5 m or less.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8 (2), the angle A of the slope 12 viewed at the repose angle base point B may be 35 degrees or less. Further, as shown in FIG. 8 (3), the height (indicated by h) of the slope 12 may be 5 m or less while the angle A of the slope 12 viewed at the repose angle base point B is 45 ° or less. Even if it does in this way, reinforcement is especially unnecessary for the retaining wall 2, and it can employ | adopt the retaining wall 2 of a simple structure like each embodiment mentioned above. 8 (2) and 8 (3), the angle A of the slope 12 is an angle formed by a line connecting the uppermost portion of the step-like slope 12 and the repose angle base point B with respect to the horizontal plane. An embankment layer is present on the upper side of the resin block layer 4, but this portion is ignored because the thickness is small.
8 (1) to 8 (3), the slope 12 and the replacement surface 12 ′ are surfaces (surfaces of the soil region) viewed from the embankment 1 portion. As will be described later, a crushed stone layer may be interposed between the resin block layer 4 and the soil portion (for example, embankment). In this case, the angle of the slope is less than the angle of repose with the crushed stone layer included. More preferably.

In any case, since the space between the side surface layer 3 and the slope 12 is filled with the resin block layer 4 in the formed land of the embodiment, a wider area can be secured as the formed land.
Further, no special reinforcement is required in the side layer 3, and the retaining wall 2 composed of the side layer 3 + the resin block layer 4 behind is much lighter than a conventional concrete wall + retaining wall like a crushed stone layer behind. Therefore, large-scale construction is not necessary as a foundation. In particular, the side surface layer 3 can be simply constructed by applying a decorative plate to the outer surface of the resin block layer 4, and does not require time and labor for pouring cement into a formwork and curing it. For this reason, it is characterized by low cost and very short construction period.

  Furthermore, since the resin block 5 is made of a resin other than the foamed resin and is a skeleton member in which a large number of openings 50 for water passage are formed, rainwater can freely enter the resin block layer 4. In addition, no water shielding layer is provided between the resin block layer 4 and the slope 12 and between the resin block layer 4 and the lower ground, and rainwater that has entered the construction site is It penetrates freely underground through layer 4. For this reason, a side wall becomes a kind of rainwater storage penetration space, and the rainwater outflow suppression effect can be expected.

  The above point will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the rainwater storage and penetration effect in the structure of the creation land of the embodiment. FIG. 9 shows the situation when there was a large amount of rainfall in the creation site. (1) is the situation in the creation site with the conventional retaining wall 2, and (2) is in the creation site of the embodiment. Indicates the situation. The ground 101 around the creation site is assumed to be a ground surface having no rainwater storage and penetration effect like a paved road.

  As shown in FIG. 9 (1), the conventional retaining wall 2 is buried up to the back of the retaining wall 2 with the earth and sand and crushed stone of the creation site, and there is essentially no rainwater storage and penetration space. Therefore, when there is a large amount of rainfall, the rainwater 102 only penetrates into the basement through a small gap in the earth and sand, and has only a slight penetration effect. For this reason, a large amount of rainwater flows out from a drainage groove (not shown) provided in the creation site and flows into the nearby river 103. As a result, disasters such as flooding of the river 103 are likely to occur. Further, the retaining wall 2 is often formed with a drain hole, and the rainwater 102 leaks as shown by the arrow, but the amount is small and a large water pressure is applied to the retaining wall 2. . Considering this point is also a factor that makes the structure of the conventional retaining wall 2 large.

On the other hand, in the constructed land of the embodiment, the resin block layer 4 formed of a water-permeable skeleton member is a kind of rainwater storage and penetration space. The rainwater 102 once accumulates in the resin block layer 4 and penetrates underground. For this reason, the outflow of the rainwater 102 to the vicinity through the drainage channel or the like is suppressed, and disasters such as flooding of the river are prevented in advance.
Considering river disasters during rainfall, recently, when conducting large-scale development (development of residential land, development of business land, etc.), it may be required by the regulations to install rainwater storage and penetration tanks. Many. In such a case, the developer secures a site separately from a site such as a residential land and constructs a rainwater storage and penetration tank there. The rainwater storage and penetration tank is a facility that forms a large space in which rainwater is temporarily stored and allows rainwater to permeate underground.

When the construction site of the embodiment is adopted, a large rainwater storage and penetration space is secured in the structure of the retaining wall 2 itself, so that it is not necessary to separately install a rainwater storage and penetration facility even if required by the ordinance. Even if it is installed, it will be sufficient to be quite small. For this reason, the overall cost required for development is significantly reduced. The fact that it is not necessary to separately secure a site for the rainwater storage and penetration facility makes it possible to make maximum use of the site provided for development, which is also preferable in this respect.
Moreover, in embodiment, the resin block layer 4 accumulates the rainwater which flowed out from the mountain side, relieves the water pressure, and makes it penetrate | invade gradually in the ground. For this reason, the big outflow water pressure does not act in the retaining wall 2 unlike the past.
As a lightweight embankment method, a method (EPS method) in which many foam resin blocks are stacked is known. By applying this method, a part of the retaining wall may be composed of a laminated body of foamed resin blocks. In this case, the foamed resin blocks are drainable, so that rainwater storage as described above is possible. No osmotic action is obtained.

Next, the creation site of the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the formation site of the second embodiment.
The creation land of the second embodiment also has a ground surface 11 that is higher than the adjacent land, and the retaining wall 2 is constructed at the boundary portion with the adjacent land. The retaining wall 2 has a structure including an exposed side surface layer 3 and a resin block layer 4 constructed between the side surface layer 3 and the slope 12 of the site.

  The construction site of the second embodiment is greatly different from that of the first embodiment in that the angle of the slope 12 of the embankment 1 exceeds 90 degrees, and the surface is a rough surface. Compared to the first embodiment in which the angle of the inclined surface 12 is equal to or less than the repose angle, the inclined surface 12 is opposite to the vertical plane. Therefore, such a structure is hereinafter referred to as an inverted type. Since the direction of the slope 12 is reversed, as shown in FIG. 9, the structure of the resin block layer 4 is also upside down as compared with that of the first embodiment. That is, in the second embodiment, although the side layer 3 extends vertically, the width of the resin block layer 4 in the inner and outer directions is the widest in the lowermost layer and becomes narrower as it goes up.

About the point other than the above, the creation place of 2nd embodiment is the same as that of 1st embodiment fundamentally. The resin block layer 4 is a layer composed of a large number of resin blocks 5 which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), and more specifically, the ends of the leg portions 52 are brought into contact with each other and connected vertically. This is a layer in which a large number of upper and lower connecting bodies 40 made of a pair of resin blocks 5 are arranged.
Similarly, the crushed stone 15 is filled in each of the upper and lower connected bodies 40 to a depth of about half. In addition, end plates 7 are fitted into the inner side surface of the innermost vertical connecting end and the outer side surface of the outermost vertical connecting body 40, respectively. The same applies to the side layer 3, and there may be various types. As an example, a structure in which the decorative plate 32 is fixed with screws while the buffer layer 31 is interposed can be employed.

The earth pressure action in the structure of the formation site of such 2nd embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the earth pressure action in the structure of the constructed land of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
In the case of the structure of the reverse type retaining wall 2 as shown in FIG. 10, the earth pressure of the embankment 1 acts as shown by an arrow in FIG. In the reverse type as shown in FIG. 10, when the “slope” is regarded as a surface on which the earth pressure of the embankment 1 acts, the replacement surface 12 ′ for the reverse type slope is as shown by a broken line in FIG. 11. Become. The earth pressure (main earth pressure) increases as the depth increases as indicated by the length of the arrow.
Such a point P of earth pressure can be determined by, for example, a trial wedge method as is well known. As shown in FIG. 11, the point P of earth pressure is located on the center side of the site from the position of the lower end of the side layer 3. That is, earth pressure does not act on the side layer 3, and special reinforcement as a retaining wall is unnecessary. In other words, in the case of the second embodiment, the angle of the replacement surface 12 ′ is selected so that the point P of earth pressure is located inside the lower end position of the side surface layer 3 (center side of the site). That is. In addition, it can be said that the replacement surface 12 ′ (surface of earth pressure) in the reverse type corresponds to a shear surface in Tertzagi's ground bearing force theory. Further, since the angle of repose is reversed upside down, it can also be expressed as a reverse angle of repose.

  In this way, in the second embodiment, the direction of the slope 12 of the embankment 1 is reversed, and the earth pressure action point P is on the inner side of the lower end of the side layer 3. On the other hand, the earth pressure of the embankment 1 does not act. Therefore, as in the case of the first embodiment, a special reinforcing structure is not required for the side layer 3 as in the case of concrete wall + backed crushed stone. For this reason, the cost can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened. Similarly, between the slope 12 of the embankment and the side surface layer 3 is the resin block layer 4 formed by a number of resin blocks 5 which are skeleton members having water passage openings. Acts and the rainwater outflow suppression effect is exhibited.

Next, the creation method of the creation place of 2nd embodiment is demonstrated using FIG.12 and FIG.13. FIG.12 and FIG.13 is the cross-sectional schematic shown about the creation method of the creation place of 2nd embodiment. The following explanation is also an example of the case of creating an uplifted land by bringing earth and sand into a flat land.
When creating the creation site of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12 (1), the surface of the site is rooted to form a shallow root bottom 13. Then, after leveling and tamping, the temporary pressing bar 41 is pierced, and the civil engineering stabilization sheet 14 is laid on the root cutting bottom 13. Then, as shown in FIG. 12 (2), crushed stone is thrown into the root cutting bottom 13 to form a crushed stone layer 150, and another civil engineering stabilization sheet (not shown) is laid thereon. The height at this time is a little lower than the height of the ground of the adjacent land 100.

Next, as shown in FIG. 12 (3), the resin block layer 4 is placed on the crushed stone layer 150. In this embodiment, since it is a reverse type, the three upper and lower coupling bodies 40 are arranged and connected in the inner and outer directions as the lowermost layer. At this time, as shown in FIG. 12 (3), the crushed stone 15 is filled in the lower resin block 5 in each upper and lower coupling body 40. The filling of the crushed stone 15 is for measures against a large shaking such as an earthquake. The crushed stone 15 is filled up to the vicinity of the tip of the leg portion of the lower resin block 5 (to the extent that it occupies a little less than half of the volume in one upper and lower coupling body 40).
If the upper and lower connecting bodies 40 are first arranged with the end plates 7 fitted, it is difficult to fill the crushed stones 15; therefore, actually, the lower three resin blocks 5 are arranged side by side in the inner and outer directions. In addition, the crushed stone 15 is thrown in with the end plate 7 fitted in the inner side surface and the outer side surface, and then the upper three resin blocks 5 are covered to form three sets of upper and lower coupling bodies 40.

  In this embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, earth and sand are charged and embankment is performed after the resin block layer is formed up to the uppermost layer. That is, after the formation of the lowermost layer, as shown in FIG. 12 (4), two upper and lower connection bodies 40 are arranged and connected to each other as a middle layer, and one upper and lower connection body 40 is mounted as the uppermost layer. And connect them to each other. At this time, similarly to the lowermost layer, the crushed stone 15 is filled to a depth of about half in each of the upper and lower connected bodies 40. In each layer, end plates 7 are fitted on the outer side surface and the inner side surface. In addition, on the upper surface of the innermost upper and lower coupling body 40 in the lowermost layer, a Ripple board is disposed as the buffer layer 42. The Ripla board is a plate having the same shape and thickness as the base portion of the resin block 5. Similarly, a repeller board is disposed as a buffer layer 42 on the upper surface of the upper and lower coupling bodies 40 inside the middle layer.

  After forming the upper and lower three-stage resin block layers 4 in this way, the exposed surface of the root cutting bottom 13 and the inner side surface of the resin block layer 4 are entirely covered with the civil engineering stabilization sheet 14. In this state, as shown in FIG. 13 (1), earth and sand are thrown in and embankment is performed. At this time, as in the case of the first embodiment, leveling, tamping, and laying of the civil engineering stabilization sheet 14 are performed each time the embankment has a thickness of about half the height of the single upper and lower coupling body 40. . In this way, as shown in FIG. 13 (2), embankment is performed to a height near the top surface of the resin block layer 4.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 13 (3), the upper surface layer 8 is applied to the upper and lower connecting bodies 40 exposed at the uppermost surface. Similarly, for example, a discarded container is applied via the buffer layer 81 to form the peripheral protective layer 82. Further, the temporary holding bar 41 is pulled out, and the side layer 3 is applied. Similarly, for example, the mortar decorative board 32 and the like are fixed by screws while interposing the EPS board 31 as a cushioning material. Thereafter, the portion of the root cut bottom 13 is backfilled so as to be approximately the same as the height of the adjacent land 100. The lower end portion of the side layer 3 is slightly buried in the ground.

Although the creation of the land is basically completed, the upper surface is appropriately constructed according to the use of the land. If the use of the site is for building a building such as a residential land, and the construction area of the building covers the upper side of the resin block layer 4, a dumping container is constructed and solidified on the re-pla boat. A foundation such as a cloth foundation is constructed. Moreover, when using it for uses, such as planting, on the upper side of the resin block layer 4, appropriate embankment is done and leveling is carried out.
In the above description, the upper and lower three-stage resin block layers 4 have been described as being assembled on the site. However, there are a large number of upper and lower connecting bodies 40 that are stacked and connected in three, two, and one different places. The resin block layer 4 may be formed by carrying in the site and connecting them side by side in the retaining wall line direction.

Next, each invention of the retaining wall and the construction method of the retaining wall will be described.
The invention of the retaining wall is not limited to the case where the retaining wall is necessarily constructed in the creation site. The structure of the retaining wall is basically the same as that in the case of the formation site in that it is composed of the side surface layer 3 and the resin block layer 4 behind it, but other structures are different depending on the construction location of the retaining wall. An example (embodiment) will be described below.
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the retaining wall 2 according to the embodiment. FIG. 14 shows two different retaining wall embodiments, FIG. 14 (1) shows an embodiment when a retaining wall is planted, (2), An embodiment of a retaining wall including a stone wall like a castle wall is shown.

In the retaining wall shown in FIG. 14 (1), the mountain slope 12 is set to an angle equal to or less than the repose angle, and the slope 12 is constructed. Similarly, the retaining wall 2 includes a resin block layer 4 formed by connecting a large number of resin blocks 5 in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a side layer 3 exposed on the side surface. The side layer 3 is planted in this example, and is composed of a container 33 for planting, a soil 34 put in the container 33, a planting 35 planted in the soil 34, and the like. Yes. For the container 33, for example, precast concrete can be used.
A crushed stone layer 150 is provided between the slope 12 and the resin block layer 4. The purpose of providing the crushed stone layer 150 is to stabilize the lower surface and the inner side surface of the resin block layer 4 having a step shape in addition to the purpose of buffering.

Moreover, the resin block layer 4 is entirely covered with a civil engineering stabilization sheet (not shown), and although rainwater enters inside, the earth and sand are blocked.
Further, in the retaining wall 2 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 (2), the side surface layer is formed of a stone wall 36. The space behind the stone wall 36 is filled with the resin block layer 4. Also in this embodiment, the slope 12 of the site has a repose angle or less, and the resin block layer 4 fills between the slope 12 and the stone wall 36.

  In FIG. 14 (2), a crushed stone layer 150 is similarly provided between the slope 12 and the resin block layer 4. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 14 (2), many stone walls 36 are provided obliquely. In this case, the stone wall 36 is more stable when the outer resin blocks 5 are arranged along the slope of the stone wall 36, so that is done. That is, behind the stone wall 36, the resin blocks 5 are stacked obliquely at the same angle as the slope of the stone wall 36. There are about two oblique vertical rows, and the resin blocks 5 are stacked vertically in the vertical direction. A gap is formed between the part stacked obliquely and the part stacked vertically, but this gap is also filled with crushed stone 15 so that the resin block layer 4 is stabilized as a whole. . In addition, the side surface of the resin block 5 is appropriately covered with a civil engineering stabilization sheet (not shown) so that the crushed stone 15 does not enter the resin block 5 unnecessarily.

The stone wall 36 is constructed by appropriately stacking natural stones or artificial stones (hereinafter, stone materials) 361. At this time, a stone wall 36 is formed on the outer side surface of the resin block layer 4 by stacking stone materials 361 in a state where a buffer material 362 such as a rippla board is appropriately sandwiched, filling the gap with mortar, and solidifying.
In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 14 (1) and 14 (2), since the slope 12 of the site is less than the repose angle, the earth pressure of the ground of the site does not act on the side layer, and the collapse of the slope 12 is fundamental. Does not occur. Since earth pressure does not act on the side layer, the construction of the side layer can be simplified, resulting in a low-cost, short-term retaining wall structure. Moreover, since the resin block layer 4 functions as a rainwater storage permeation tank, it has the rainwater outflow suppression effect. For this reason, it can contribute to the flood prevention of the nearby river.

Next, the invention of the retaining wall construction method will be described. FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a retaining wall construction method.
In the description of the formation site and retaining wall of each embodiment described above, the construction method is described as appropriate, and this corresponds to an embodiment of the invention of the construction method of the retaining wall. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, unlike these, it is assumed that a retaining wall 2 is newly constructed by demolishing a retaining wall of an existing construction site such as a residential land.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 (1), a concrete retaining wall 200 is constructed as an existing retaining wall, and it is necessary to renovate the retaining wall 200 due to aging and the like. Suppose that In this case, the retaining wall 200 is dismantled and removed, and the slope 12 of the site is slightly shaved. Then, as shown in FIG. 15 (2), the slope 12 is leveled in a staircase shape and tamped with a heavy machine or the like. At this time, the front side of the slope 12 is slightly rooted to form a shallow root cutting bottom 13, and the ground cutting and tamping are performed on the root cutting bottom 13.

  Then, as shown in FIGS. 15 (2) to (4), the resin block layer 4 is formed while the crushed stone layer 150 is formed by throwing crushed stone into the slope 12 and the root cutting bottom 13. Specifically, the crushed stone is thrown into a flat surface and the upper and lower connected bodies 40 are placed on the leveling. Then, the crushed stone 15 is filled in the space between the slope 12 and the upper and lower connecting bodies 40. Thus, for example, a three-stage resin block layer 4 is formed, and a crushed stone layer 150 is provided between the step-like slope 12. At this time, a temporary pressing bar 41 is used to stabilize the resin block layer 4. As shown in FIG. 15B, the temporary holding bar 41 is pierced into the ground along the outer surface of the resin block layer.

As shown in FIG. 15 (5), after the formation of the third-stage resin block layer, the upper surface layer 8 is applied thereon. The upper surface layer 8 is formed by laminating a concrete layer as a peripheral protective layer on a buffer layer such as a rippla board. The concrete layer may be discarded, but if precast concrete is hardened with mortar, curing is preferable. Thereafter, the temporary holding bar 41 is pulled out and removed, and the side layer 3 is constructed. Construction of the side layer 3 is similarly performed by screwing the mortar decorative board 32 while sandwiching the EPS board 31, for example. After that, when the lower end portion of the side surface layer 3 is buried, the root cutting portion is backfilled, and when the height is the same as that of the adjacent land 100, the reconstruction is completed.
As described above, the retaining wall 2 of the above embodiment is also constructed at a low cost and in a short construction period. And since the resin block layer 4 becomes a rainwater storage penetration tank, the rainwater outflow suppression function is exhibited.

  Next, the structure of the retaining wall 2 that is somewhat reinforced compared to the retaining wall 2 of each of the above embodiments will be described. In addition to the case where the slope 12 slightly exceeds the angle of repose line, the reinforcement is carried out as a precaution, as well as when considering higher safety even when the angle is less than the angle of repose, or when considering earthquake resistance. This is appropriately performed when the wall is large. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the retaining wall 2 of this reinforcing type embodiment. FIG. 16 is also a schematic cross-sectional view seen in a plane perpendicular to the retaining wall line direction.

The retaining wall 2 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 also has a structure in which the space between the slope 12 of the site and the side layer 3 is filled with the resin block layer 4. In this embodiment, a support column (hereinafter referred to as a reinforcing column) 43 for reinforcing the retaining wall 2 is provided.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 16, in this embodiment, two reinforcing columns 43 are used in the inner and outer directions. The outer reinforcing column 43 is disposed so as to penetrate the outermost resin block 5 vertically. A plurality of reinforcing columns 43 are provided at intervals in the retaining wall line direction. In the retaining wall line direction, for example, it is provided every 0.5 to 1 m. Each reinforcing column 43 has a lower end embedded in the ground, and an upper end located near the upper surface of the resin block layer 4.
As each reinforcing column 43, for example, a PVC pipe can be used. Specifically, a PVC pipe having an inner diameter of 100 mm, an outer diameter of 110 mm, and a wall thickness of 5 mm can be used. Other resin cylindrical tubes other than the PVC tube may be used, and a metal cylindrical tube such as stainless steel or a ceramic cylindrical tube may be used.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, in order to improve earthquake resistance, the lowermost upper and lower connected bodies 40 of the outermost resin block 5 have a structure embedded in the ground up to half or more (for example, about 80%). Yes. The reinforcing column 43 penetrates the upper and lower connecting bodies 40 of this portion, and the lower end is embedded in the ground. However, since there is a crushed stone layer 150 below the resin block layer 4, the lower end of the reinforcing support 43 is located in the crushed stone layer 150. In addition, since the side surface layer 3 covers the entire side surface of the resin block layer 4, the lower end portion thereof is similarly embedded in the ground.

  In this embodiment, since the resin block layer 4 is reinforced by the reinforcing support 43 as described above, even if the inclined surface 12 exceeds the angle of repose line, the retaining wall 2 is particularly collapsed. No serious accidents occur. In FIG. 16, the two reinforcing columns 43 are used in the inner and outer directions. However, if the number of reinforcing columns 43 is increased, the reinforcing effect is enhanced, which is preferable. In some cases, the reinforcing columns 43 penetrate all the resin blocks 5. 43 may be constructed. The reinforcing support 43 can be inexpensive, such as a PVC pipe, and can be pierced into the ground (in the crushed stone layer 150). For this reason, although additional materials and processes are required, it is much cheaper and has a shorter construction period than a conventional concrete retaining wall with a foundation in the ground. Such a reinforcing type retaining wall 2 can have a height of, for example, 3.5 m.

  FIG. 16 shows an example in which the retaining wall 2 is constructed as a building site for a building such as a residential land, and a state in which the foundation of the building is constructed is depicted. As shown in FIG. 16, in this example, the foundation is constructed across the soil (ground) portion of the site and the resin block layer 4. On the upper side of the resin block layer 4, a concrete layer (abandoned container) 83 is constructed via a buffer layer 81 such as a rippla board, and a fabric foundation 95 is constructed thereon. If a seismic isolation sheet is sandwiched between the concrete layer 83 and the fabric foundation 95, it is suitable as an earthquake countermeasure.

  As shown in FIG. 16, a resin block layer (hereinafter referred to as an additional block layer) 96 is provided separately from the resin block layer 4 constituting the retaining wall 2. The additional block layer 96 is located below the end of the foundation 95 opposite to the retaining wall 2. Although the additional block layer 96 does not constitute the retaining wall 2, it balances with the resin block layer 4 in the retaining wall 2 and prevents an accidental settlement of a building constructed on the foundation 95. There is an action to do.

  If the ground on which the retaining wall 2 is constructed is not a so-called soft ground, the additional block layer 96 is unnecessary, but if the ground is somewhat soft, the additional block layer 96 is effective. Since the resin block layer 4 constituting the retaining wall 2 is formed from the resin block 5 that can be used as an improvement material for soft ground, it is lightweight as a whole. For this reason, in the case of soft ground, there is a possibility that the overall weight balance is deteriorated, and there is a possibility of uneven settlement that sinks at a portion opposite to the retaining wall 2. In this example, in consideration of this, an additional block layer 96 is provided to form a lightweight portion in the ground. This prevents accidental settlement.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, when the foundation 95 has a footing 951 protruding downward, rainwater penetration during precipitation tends to occur at the location of the footing 951, and an accident occurs in which the surroundings of the footing 951 are eroded. It can happen. If the additional block layer 96 is provided below the footing 951 as shown in FIG. 15, since it is not earth and sand, there is no erosion, and the foundation can be supported stably.

In each embodiment described above, the side layer 3 may have a structure in which precast concrete is spread and fixed, in addition to the case where the mortar decorative board 32 is used. In some cases, the side layer 3 may be formed of a highly corrosion-resistant metal panel such as Sepamate (registered trademark of Nissin Sogo Building Co., Ltd.).
Moreover, although it demonstrated that it was a creation place by the embankment 1 in embodiment of the creation place, the retaining wall 2 can be constructed also in the creation place by a cut. The construction method may be the method shown in FIG.

  Although detailed description is omitted, the resin block layer 4 formed of a large number of water-permeable resin blocks 5 is particularly effective for liquefaction known as coastal disaster damage. That is, liquefaction is a decrease in which groundwater rises rapidly due to excessive pore water pressure caused by large shaking, but in the structure of the retaining wall 2 of the embodiment, groundwater that rises due to excess pore water pressure is reduced to the resin block layer 4. Absorbs (accommodates) and acts to relieve the rising water pressure. For this reason, accidents such as depression on the ground surface are prevented in advance. Such effects cannot be obtained with a conventional retaining wall or a retaining wall using a foamed resin block.

Moreover, although it demonstrated that the foundation was unnecessary especially about the side surface layer 3, a foundation may be provided for the reason that the height of the retaining wall 2 is very high, or the ground of a site is fragile. Also in this case, compared with a conventional retaining wall without the resin block layer 4, the foundation is much simpler, resulting in a low cost and short construction period.
The reinforcing support 43 used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 can be used instead of the temporary pressing bar 41 because it can be used as a temporary fixing when the resin block layer 4 is formed.

  In addition, it is preferable from the point of reinforcement that the lower end of the reinforcing column 43 is embedded in the ground and acts like a pile, but there is a certain effect even when it is not embedded. That is, it is an effect that horizontal displacement of each resin block 43 is prevented by arranging the reinforcing support columns 43 penetrating each resin block 5. The reinforcing column 43 may be arranged so as to extend in the lateral direction (horizontal or oblique), and may be inserted into the inclined surface 12. In this case, it is similar to the anchor.

In addition, filling the crushed stone 15 in the upper and lower connecting bodies 40 has an effect of being preferable in terms of earthquake resistance and the like because the resin block layer 4 is further stabilized. However, since the volume of the water storage space is reduced, this is a disadvantage. Considering this point, the filling amount is determined. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the crushed stone 15 is not filled in each of the upper and lower connecting bodies 40, but may be filled.
In the invention of the creation site, the planar shape (boundary shape) of the creation site is arbitrary. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 9, it is assumed that the creation site has a square shape (so-called shaped land), and the retaining wall 2 is continuous in a square circumferential shape. However, there is a case where the retaining wall 2 is not completely circumferential (endless) because part of the boundary line of the creation site is the same height as the adjacent land or adjacent to the slope of the mountain.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Embankment 11 Ground surface 12 Slope 13 Root cutting bottom 14 Civil engineering stabilization sheet 15 Crushed stone 150 Crushed stone layer 2 Retaining wall 3 Side surface layer 31 EPS board 32 Mortar decorative board 4 Resin block layer 41 Temporary pressing bar 42 Buffer layer 43 Reinforcing pillar 5 Resin Block 6 Connector 7 End plate 8 Upper surface layer 81 Buffer layer 82 Peripheral protective layer θ Angle of repose

Claims (8)

A retaining wall constructed at the boundary with the neighboring land on the land adjacent to the neighboring land having a low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site does not exceed the angle of repose line drawn at the angle of the angle of repose of the geology of the site, starting from the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground)
Each resin block has a shape with an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates underground ,
The side portions of the connected resin blocks are open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and in the resin block layer, the internal space of each resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Characteristic retaining wall. A retaining wall constructed at the boundary with the neighboring land on the land adjacent to the neighboring land having a low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site does not exceed the line drawn at an angle of 35 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane starting from the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground)
Each resin block has a shape having an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates into the basement ,
The side portions of the connected resin blocks are open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and in the resin block layer, the internal space of each resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Characteristic retaining wall. A retaining wall constructed at the boundary with the neighboring land on the land adjacent to the neighboring land having a low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site does not exceed the line drawn at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane starting from the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground), and the height of the slope is Within 5 meters,
Each resin block has a shape with an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates underground ,
The side portions of the connected resin blocks are open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and in the resin block layer, the internal space of each resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Characteristic retaining wall. A retaining wall constructed at the boundary with the neighboring land on the land adjacent to the neighboring land having a low height,
It consists of a side layer exposed laterally on the side of the adjacent land, and a resin block layer provided so as to fill the space between the side layer and the slope of the site,
The resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally and mutually connected.
The slope of the site is at an angle exceeding 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and the site of earth pressure on the slope is more than the lowest point of the side layer (excluding the part buried in the ground). It is the position of the center side of
Each resin block has a shape having an opening for water passage at the bottom , and the resin block layer is constructed in a state where rainwater penetrates into the basement ,
The side portions of the connected resin blocks are open or provided with an end plate having an opening for water passage, and in the resin block layer, the internal space of each resin block layer communicates in the horizontal direction. Characteristic retaining wall.   The retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the resin block layer is filled with crushed stone, gravel, or chestnut.   The retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a reinforcing column disposed through the resin block is provided in the resin block layer.   An established land having the retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in a circumferential shape and having a ground surface higher than an adjacent site. A creation method for creating the creation site according to claim 7,
A resin block layer is formed by arranging a large number of resin blocks, which are skeleton members made of resin (excluding foamed resin), vertically and horizontally, and connecting them to each other. A resin block layer forming step to be continuous;
After the resin block layer forming step , filling the inner space of the formed resin block layer with embankment, leveling and tamping,
And a step of fixing the side surface layer to the outer side surface of the resin block layer exposed on the adjacent land side and covering the outer side surface with the side surface layer.

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