JP6226035B2 - Method for producing black garlic powder for health functional food using alpha and drying at low temperature - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、低温でα化および乾燥を用いた健康機能性食品用黒ニンニク粉末の製造方法に係り、更に詳しくは、ヒノキ箱にヨモギとともに入れて発酵熟成させた黒ニンニクに対して低温でα化および乾燥を行うことにより、黒ニンニクの総糖量は増加し、ニンニクが持っている接着性及び吸湿性を取り除いてニンニクの強い香りを純化させて食用便宜性を極大化させる低温でα化および乾燥を用いた健康機能性食品用黒ニンニク粉末の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing black garlic powder for health functional foods that uses α-ized and dried at low temperature. More specifically, the present invention relates to black garlic that has been fermented and matured in a cypress box with mugwort at low temperature. reduction and by drying, the total sugar content of the black garlic increased, alpha at low temperatures to remove the adhesion and hygroscopicity garlic has to purify the strong smell of garlic to maximize the edible convenience And a method for producing black garlic powder for health functional foods using drying .
ニンニクは、昔から食材としてはもとより、薬材としても広く服用されてきており、ニンニクが持っている各種の成分及び効能は、食品、医学などの種々の分野において証明されてきており、抗菌作用をはじめとして抗癌作用、免疫増進作用、抗酸化作用があることが判明された。特に、ニンニクの摂取により心血管系疾患に関わる種々の危険要素、すなわち、高血圧、高コレステロール血症、血小板の凝集度の増加、血液の凝固性の増加などを改善する効果があることが知られており、最近では、心血管系疾患の発生頻度が飛躍的に増加することに伴い、これらの疾患を予防する機能性食品として関心を引き寄せている。 Garlic has long been used not only as a foodstuff but also as a medicinal material, and the various ingredients and effects of garlic have been proven in various fields such as food and medicine. And other anticancer effects, immune enhancement effects, and antioxidant effects. In particular, intake of garlic is known to improve various risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, increased platelet aggregation, and increased blood coagulation. Recently, as the occurrence frequency of cardiovascular diseases dramatically increases, it has attracted attention as a functional food for preventing these diseases.
ニンニクの有効成分であるアリシンは、ニンニク特有の揮発性の香り成分によりニンニク組織が破壊されるときアリナーゼにより生成され、特有の匂いを有する精油成分である二硫化アリルを生成し、その他に、二硫化物、ジチイン、アホエンなどの揮発性成分と、S−アリルシステイン(SAC)、S−アリルメルカプトシステイン(SAMC)などの水溶性硫黄化合物と、に分解される。ほとんどの生理活性を示す主な成分は、ニンニクが含有している有機硫黄化合物であり、ニンニクの硫黄化合物の含有量は1.1〜3.5%であり、玉ねぎやブロコリーの約4倍に至り、ニンニクの効果への取り組みの約90%が硫黄化合物を中心として行われている。 Allicin, the active ingredient of garlic, is produced by allinase when garlic tissue is destroyed by the volatile scent component unique to garlic, producing allyl disulfide, an essential oil component with a distinctive odor, It is decomposed into volatile components such as sulfide, dithiin, and ajoene and water-soluble sulfur compounds such as S-allylcysteine (SAC) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). The main component that shows most physiological activity is the organic sulfur compound that garlic contains, and the content of sulfur compound in garlic is 1.1-3.5%, about four times that of onions and broccoli. So, about 90% of the garlic effect efforts are centered on sulfur compounds.
また、アリシンは強力な殺菌抗菌作用をして食重毒菌を殺し、胃潰瘍を引き起こすヘリコバクター・ピロリ菌まで死滅させる効果があり、コレステロール数値を低め、消化を促し、免疫力を高め、アリシンがビタミンB1と結合すればアリチアミンに変わって疲労回復、精力増強などに役立つ。 Allicin also has a powerful antibacterial and antibacterial effect, killing food-borne toxic bacteria and killing Helicobacter pylori causing stomach ulcers, lowering cholesterol levels, promoting digestion, increasing immunity, and allicin is a vitamin If it binds to B1, it will change to alythiamine and help to recover from fatigue and increase energy.
しかしながら、ニンニクの生理活性物質として知られているこのような揮発性硫黄化合物は、強い刺激性を有する辛い匂い及び味を形成して摂取し難く、これは、ニンニクを食材として用いる上で制限要因として働いている。 However, such volatile sulfur compounds known as bioactive substances of garlic are difficult to ingest by forming a spicy smell and taste with strong irritation, which is a limiting factor in using garlic as a food ingredient. Working as.
このような欠点を防ぐために、最近には、ニンニクの独特で且つ刺激的な味及び香りを取り除いた熟成ニンニク(黒ニンニク)を用いた様々な健康補助食品の開発が行われている。 In order to prevent such drawbacks, recently, various dietary supplements using aged garlic (black garlic) from which the unique and stimulating taste and aroma of garlic have been removed have been developed.
伝統的に、ニンニクを摂取し易くする方法として、焼いたり煮込んだりする調理法を活用して刺激的な匂いを取り除く方法が利用されてきており、丸ごとニンニクを高温の貯蔵状態で適切な湿度を維持しながら所定の時間をかけて熟成させる場合、ニンニクの自体成分及び酵素などが渇変反応を引き起こしてニンニクの内部まで濃い黒褐色を帯び、甘味が増えて辛味が減るのに対し、香り及び粘度が高くなって歯応えを変えたものを「黒ニンニク」と称する。黒ニンニクは、ニンニクの糖成分及びアミノ酸が非酵素的な渇変反応を引き起こしてメラノイジンを生成し、揮発性物質はほとんど消失され、総フェノール、フラボノイドが増え、水溶性成分であるS−アリルシステイン(SAC)、S−アリルメルカプトシステイン(SAMC)などが生成されて生ニンニクよりも抗酸化、抗癌、コレステロールの低下、癌細胞の成長の抑制、心臓疾患の予防効果が高いことが知られており、特に、黒ニンニクの代表的な水溶性硫黄化合物であるS−アリルシステイン(SAC)は、抗酸化、癌細胞の増殖の抑制、認知機能の向上、肝保護などの機能性を有することが報告されている。 Traditionally, as a way to make garlic easy to ingest, the method of removing the stimulating odor by using the cooking method of baking and stewing has been used, and the whole garlic is kept at a high humidity in a high temperature storage state. When aging over a specified period of time, the garlic ingredients and enzymes cause a drought reaction, and the inside of the garlic has a dark brown color, increasing the sweetness and reducing the pungent taste, while reducing the aroma and viscosity. The one that changes its texture when it becomes higher is called “black garlic”. In black garlic, the sugar component and amino acid of garlic cause a non-enzymatic depletion reaction to produce melanoidin, the volatile substances are almost disappeared, total phenol and flavonoids increase, and water-soluble component S-allylcysteine (SAC), S-allyl mercaptocysteine (SAMC), etc. are produced and are known to have higher antioxidant, anticancer, cholesterol lowering, cancer cell growth inhibition and heart disease prevention effects than raw garlic. In particular, S-allyl cysteine (SAC), which is a typical water-soluble sulfur compound of black garlic, may have functionality such as anti-oxidation, inhibition of cancer cell growth, improvement of cognitive function, and liver protection. It has been reported.
しかしながら、黒ニンニクは、ほとんどの場合、ニンニク固有の形状を維持した丸ごとニンニク又は剥きニンニクのタイプで食べられるように製品化されたものであり、このような黒ニンニクは、長期間の保存及び流通が困難であるだけではなく、ニンニク固有の形状をそのまま有しているが故に心理的な拒否感がするとともに食用便宜性が低く、嗜好性が強い。この理由から、保存及び摂取がより簡便になるように黒ニンニクをエキス化させた製品が上市されているが、これもまた、場所を問わずに手軽に摂取できるものではないため、大衆的な食品として用いられないという欠点があり、市場性が完全に生成されていないのが現状である。これを補うために、粉末状に加工しようとする試みなどが行われている。 However, black garlic is most often commercialized to be eaten as a whole garlic or stripped garlic type that maintains the unique shape of garlic, and such black garlic is stored and distributed for long periods of time. Is not only difficult, but also has a garlic-specific shape as it is, so that it has a psychological refusal feeling and has low food convenience and high palatability. For this reason, black garlic extract has been put on the market for easier storage and ingestion, but it is also not popular because it is not easy to take anywhere. There is a disadvantage that it is not used as a food, and the marketability is not completely generated. In order to compensate for this, attempts have been made to process the powder.
皮を剥いたニンニクを零下170℃以下の超低温液体窒素に浸漬して急速凍結し、凍結ニンニクを必要に応じて所定の大きさに破砕して真空乾燥させたニンニク粉末を粉砕器で微細に粉砕して製造した凍結乾燥ニンニク粉末であって、生ニンニクと同じ効能を有しながらも長期保存が可能であり、しかも、使用し易いニンニク粉末の製造方法が提案されている(例えば、下記の特許文献1参照)。 The peeled garlic is dipped in ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen below 170 ° C and rapidly frozen, and then the frozen garlic is crushed to a predetermined size and vacuum dried as needed. A lyophilized garlic powder produced in the same manner, which has the same effect as raw garlic and can be stored for a long period of time, and is also easy to use. Reference 1).
また、凍結乾燥ニンニク粉末の指標物質であるアリンの含有量が高く維持される前処理条件の設定に関するものであり、スチーム処理又はクエン酸の添加により高濃度のアリンの含有量が維持される凍結乾燥ニンニク粉末及びその製造方法が提案されている(例えば、下記の特許文献2参照)。 In addition, it relates to the setting of pretreatment conditions in which the content of allin, which is an indicator substance of freeze-dried garlic powder, is maintained at a high level. Freezing in which a high concentration of allin is maintained by the addition of steam treatment or citric acid A dry garlic powder and a method for producing the same have been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2 below).
しかしながら、上述したような従来の製造方法が提示するニンニクの凍結乾燥は、澱粉及び炭水化物の割合が高いため水分粘着性の高い黒ニンニクを用いる。このため、組織の内部の水分が外に抜け出ない結果、源泉的に乾燥が行われず、その結果、ニンニクの揮発成分が残留して異臭が残ってしまうという問題があった。 However, the freeze-drying of garlic proposed by the conventional production method as described above uses black garlic having a high moisture adhesion because of the high proportion of starch and carbohydrate. For this reason, there is a problem that the moisture inside the tissue does not escape to the outside, so that drying is not performed at the source, and as a result, a volatile component of garlic remains and an unpleasant odor remains.
本発明は上述した従来の技術が抱えている問題を解消するために案出されたものであり、本発明の目的は、ヒノキ箱にヨモギとともに入れて発酵熟成させた黒ニンニクに対して低温でα化および乾燥を行うことにより、黒ニンニクの総糖量は増加し、ニンニクが持っている接着性及び吸湿性を取り除いてニンニクの強い香りを純化させて食用便宜性を極大化させる低温でα化および乾燥を用いた健康機能性食品用黒ニンニク粉末の製造方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to lower the temperature of black garlic that has been fermented and matured in a cypress box together with mugwort. by performing the α and drying, the total sugar content of the black garlic increases, at low temperatures to remove the adhesion and hygroscopicity garlic has to purify the strong smell of garlic to maximize the edible convenience α An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing black garlic powder for health functional foods using soaking and drying .
上述した本発明の目的を達成するために、本発明の一実施形態による低温でα化および乾燥を用いた健康機能性食品用黒ニンニク粉末の製造方法は、黒ニンニクを乾燥器に入れて含水量を37%〜43%にする1次乾燥ステップと、前記1次乾燥された黒ニンニクを粉砕して冷却器に移した後、47℃〜53℃以下に冷却させるステップと、前記冷却された黒ニンニクを77〜83℃の温度で1〜3時間かけて糊化させ、57〜63℃の温度で乾燥させる1次α化ステップと、前記1次α化された黒ニンニクを粉砕して77〜83℃の温度で1〜3時間かけて糊化させ、57〜63℃の温度で乾燥させる2次α化ステップと、前記2次α化された黒ニンニクを粉砕して含水量を1〜5%にする2次乾燥ステップと、前記2次乾燥ステップで得られた粉砕済みの黒ニンニク粉末を品質検査後出庫するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above-described object of the present invention, a method for producing black garlic powder for health functional foods using α-ization and drying at low temperature according to an embodiment of the present invention includes black garlic in a drier. A primary drying step of bringing the amount of water to 37% to 43%, a step of pulverizing the primary dried black garlic and transferring it to a cooler, and then cooling to 47 ° C to 53 ° C or less, and the cooling A primary α-izing step in which black garlic is gelatinized at a temperature of 77 to 83 ° C. for 1 to 3 hours and dried at a temperature of 57 to 63 ° C., and the primary α-ized black garlic is crushed to 77 A secondary α-izing step for gelatinizing at a temperature of ˜83 ° C. for 1 to 3 hours and drying at a temperature of 57-63 ° C. Obtained by the secondary drying step of 5% and the secondary drying step. And leaving the ground black garlic powder after quality inspection.
ここで、前記黒ニンニクは、ヒノキ箱にヨモギとともに入れて27〜33日間発酵熟成させて得たものであることが好ましい。 Here, the black garlic is preferably obtained by putting it in a cypress box together with mugwort and fermenting and aging for 27 to 33 days.
また、前記1次乾燥された黒ニンニクは、5〜7mmの大きさに粉砕されることが好ましい。 The primary dried black garlic is preferably pulverized to a size of 5 to 7 mm.
更に、前記前記1次α化された黒ニンニクは、2〜4mmの大きさに粉砕されることが好ましい。 Furthermore, it is preferable that the primary garlic garlic is pulverized to a size of 2 to 4 mm.
更にまた、前記前記2次α化された黒ニンニクは、0.5〜1.5mmの大きさに粉砕されることが好ましい。 Furthermore, it is preferable that the secondary garlic black garlic is pulverized to a size of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
上述した本発明の目的を達成するために、本発明の一実施形態による健康機能性食品用黒ニンニク粉末錠剤及びカプセルは、上記の方法により製造されることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above-described object of the present invention, a black garlic powder tablet and capsule for health functional food according to an embodiment of the present invention is manufactured by the above-described method.
本発明による低温でα化および乾燥を用いた健康機能性食品用黒ニンニク粉末の製造方法によれば、基本的な方法において用いられる凍結乾燥方法を利用することなく、低温でα化および乾燥方法を用いてより手軽に黒ニンニク粉末を製造することができ、黒ニンニク特有の甘味及び有益な効能を向上させて機能性食品として産業上非常に有用に用いられるという効果が得られる。 According to the method for producing black garlic powder for health functional foods using α-ization and drying at low temperature according to the present invention , the α-ization and drying method at low temperature without using the freeze-drying method used in the basic method Black garlic powder can be more easily produced using the sucrose, and the sweetness and beneficial efficacy peculiar to black garlic can be improved and the effect of being very useful industrially as a functional food can be obtained.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明についてより具体的に説明する。しかしながら、下記の実施例は本発明の理解への一助になるために例示したものに過ぎず、種々の他の形態に変形可能であり、本発明の範囲が下記の実施例に限定されることはない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the following examples are merely illustrated to help understanding of the present invention, and can be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. There is no.
<実施例1:黒ニンニク粉末の製造>
本発明の黒ニンニク粉末は、次の方法を用いて製造した。
<Example 1: Production of black garlic powder>
The black garlic powder of the present invention was produced using the following method.
まず、免疫及び殺菌効果に優れているヨモギをヒノキ箱に一緒に入れて27〜33余日間発酵熟成させて得た1等級の黒ニンニクを乾燥器に入れて含水量が37%〜43%になるように乾燥させた。 First of all, put a mugwort excellent in immunity and bactericidal effect in a cypress box and fermented and aged for 27 to 33 days. Put 1 grade black garlic in a dryer to bring the water content to 37% to 43%. It was made to dry.
ここで、前記ヨモギはヒノキ箱に入れることにより、ヨモギの香りをニンニクに染み込ませてニンニクの匂いを中和させ、ニンニクの表面にあるバクテリア、雑菌を殺して殺菌、抗菌作用及び脱臭作用をしてニンニク固有の匂いを取り除く。 Here, the mugwort is placed in a cypress box so that the scent of mugwort is infused into the garlic to neutralize the smell of garlic, killing bacteria and bacteria on the surface of the garlic, and sterilizing, antibacterial and deodorizing. To remove the unique smell of garlic.
前記1次乾燥された黒ニンニクを5〜7mmの大きさに粉砕して冷却器に移し、47℃〜53℃以下に冷却させた後、1次α化低温乾燥過程を行う。 The primary dried black garlic is pulverized to a size of 5 to 7 mm, transferred to a cooler, cooled to 47 ° C. to 53 ° C. or lower, and then subjected to a primary alpha low temperature drying process.
前記冷却された黒ニンニクは、77〜83℃の温度で1〜3時間かけて糊化させ、57〜63℃の温度で乾燥させることが好ましい。 The cooled black garlic is preferably gelatinized at a temperature of 77 to 83 ° C. over 1 to 3 hours and dried at a temperature of 57 to 63 ° C.
前記1次α化低温乾燥過程を経た黒ニンニクを2〜4mmの大きさに粉砕して77〜83℃の温度で1〜3時間かけて糊化させ、57〜63℃の温度で乾燥させる2次α化低温乾燥過程を行う。 Black garlic that has undergone the primary α-ized low-temperature drying process is pulverized to a size of 2 to 4 mm, gelatinized at a temperature of 77 to 83 ° C. over 1 to 3 hours, and dried at a temperature of 57 to 63 ° C. 2 Next, a pre-gelatinized low temperature drying process is performed.
前記2次α化低温乾燥を経た黒ニンニクを0.5〜1.5mmの大きさに粉砕して含水量が1〜5%になるように2次乾燥させることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the black garlic that has been subjected to the secondary α-low temperature drying is pulverized to a size of 0.5 to 1.5 mm and secondarily dried so that the water content becomes 1 to 5%.
前記2次乾燥ステップにおいて得られた粉砕済みの黒ニンニク粉末を品質検査した後に出庫する。 The ground black garlic powder obtained in the secondary drying step is quality-inspected and then delivered.
<実施例2:黒ニンニク粉末を用いた錠剤及びカプセルの製造>
前記実施例1の方法と同様にして、黒ニンニク粉末を用いて錠剤及びカプセルを製造する。
<Example 2: Production of tablets and capsules using black garlic powder>
In the same manner as in Example 1, tablets and capsules are produced using black garlic powder.
<比較例:黒ニンニク粉末の製造>
黒ニンニクを零下170℃以下の液体窒素に1分間浸漬して得たフレーク状の凍結されたニンニクに僅かな衝撃を加えて破砕した後、凍結乾燥器に投入して真空乾燥させて乾燥ニンニクを得る。このようにして得た乾燥ニンニクを粉砕して凍結乾燥黒ニンニク粉末を得る。
<Comparative example: Production of black garlic powder>
A flaky frozen garlic obtained by immersing black garlic in liquid nitrogen below 170 ° C. for 1 minute was crushed by applying a slight impact, and then put into a freeze dryer and vacuum dried to obtain dried garlic. obtain. The dried garlic thus obtained is pulverized to obtain freeze-dried black garlic powder.
<実験例:官能検査>
本発明の低温でα化および乾燥を用いた黒ニンニク粉末である実施例及び凍結乾燥を用いた黒ニンニク粉末である比較例の粉末の粒子、香り、味及び総合的な嗜好度を官能検査結果により比較した。前記官能検査は、食べ物に対する官能検査に馴染むように訓練された10名の官能検査員及び喫煙をしたり風邪にかかったりしなくて嗅覚に問題のないと認められる一般成人男女各5名をはじめとする合計で20名の検査団が各項目に対して5段階評点法(5点:非常に良好、4点:良好である:適当、2点:普通、1点:悪い)で評点し、前記評点結果を平均して官能検査結果を得る方法を用いて行い、その結果を下記表1に示す。検査結果に対する統計的な有意性の検定は、分散分析法を用いて行った。
<Experimental example: Sensory test>
Sensory test results of particles, aroma, taste and overall preference of the powders of the examples of the black garlic powder using α-ized and dried at low temperature and the comparative example of black garlic powder using freeze-drying Compared. The sensory test includes 10 sensory inspectors trained to become familiar with the sensory test for food, and five general adult men and women who are recognized as having no problems with olfaction without smoking or having a cold. A total of 20 test teams scored each item using a five-point scoring system (5 points: very good, 4 points: good: appropriate, 2 points: normal, 1 point: bad) The results are shown in Table 1 below, using a method of averaging the score results to obtain a sensory test result. Statistical significance tests for test results were performed using analysis of variance.
上記表1に示すように、実験例が全ての官能において最も優れていることが確認された。より具体的に、比較例である凍結乾燥を用いた黒ニンニク粉末の場合、ニンニクの辛い香り及び味があまり感じられず、粒子も比較的に柔らかいと評価された。これに対し、本発明の低温でα化および乾燥を用いた黒ニンニク粉末の場合、黒ニンニク特有の香ばしい味及び香りが感じられながらも、黒ニンニク特有の甘味が感じられ、黒ニンニクが有する負担のある辛い味や苦い味があまり感じられないことから、味及び香りによる官能に非常に優れていることが確認された。 As shown in Table 1 above, it was confirmed that the experimental example was most excellent in all the functionalities. More specifically, in the case of black garlic powder using freeze-drying as a comparative example, the spicy scent and taste of garlic were not felt so much, and the particles were evaluated to be relatively soft. On the other hand, in the case of black garlic powder using α-ized and dried at a low temperature of the present invention, while the savory taste and scent peculiar to black garlic is felt, the sweetness peculiar to black garlic is felt and the burden of black garlic Since the spicy taste and bitter taste of the taste are not felt so much, it was confirmed that the taste and fragrance are very excellent in sensuality.
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