JP6219365B2 - 熱電装置を備える温度制御システム - Google Patents
熱電装置を備える温度制御システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6219365B2 JP6219365B2 JP2015504643A JP2015504643A JP6219365B2 JP 6219365 B2 JP6219365 B2 JP 6219365B2 JP 2015504643 A JP2015504643 A JP 2015504643A JP 2015504643 A JP2015504643 A JP 2015504643A JP 6219365 B2 JP6219365 B2 JP 6219365B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- engine
- air flow
- ted
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H1/00035—Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending an air stream of uniform temperature into the passenger compartment
- B60H1/0005—Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending an air stream of uniform temperature into the passenger compartment the air being firstly cooled and subsequently heated or vice versa
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H1/00035—Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending an air stream of uniform temperature into the passenger compartment
- B60H1/00057—Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending an air stream of uniform temperature into the passenger compartment the air being heated and cooled simultaneously, e.g. using parallel heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
- B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
- B60H1/034—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant from the cooling liquid of the propulsion plant and from an electric heating device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/04—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat source being other than the propulsion plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H2001/00078—Assembling, manufacturing or layout details
- B60H2001/00107—Assembling, manufacturing or layout details characterised by the relative position of the heat exchangers, e.g. arrangements leading to a curved airflow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
- B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat source being other than the propulsion plant
- B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
- B60H2001/2287—Integration into a vehicle HVAC system or vehicle dashboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261620350P | 2012-04-04 | 2012-04-04 | |
| US61/620,350 | 2012-04-04 | ||
| US13/802,201 US20130192272A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2013-03-13 | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices |
| US13/802,201 | 2013-03-13 | ||
| US13/802,050 US9447994B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2013-03-13 | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices |
| US13/802,050 | 2013-03-13 | ||
| PCT/US2013/034690 WO2013151903A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-29 | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017186728A Division JP2018012498A (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2017-09-27 | 快適空気システム |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2015512357A JP2015512357A (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
| JP2015512357A5 JP2015512357A5 (https=) | 2016-05-19 |
| JP6219365B2 true JP6219365B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
Family
ID=49300960
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015504643A Expired - Fee Related JP6219365B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-29 | 熱電装置を備える温度制御システム |
| JP2017186728A Pending JP2018012498A (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2017-09-27 | 快適空気システム |
| JP2019083340A Pending JP2019142502A (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2019-04-24 | 快適空気システム |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017186728A Pending JP2018012498A (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2017-09-27 | 快適空気システム |
| JP2019083340A Pending JP2019142502A (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2019-04-24 | 快適空気システム |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (3) | JP6219365B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20140143816A (https=) |
| CN (2) | CN104334380B (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE112013001908T5 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2013151903A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7743614B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2010-06-29 | Bsst Llc | Thermoelectric-based heating and cooling system |
| US9310112B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2016-04-12 | Gentherm Incorporated | System and method for distributed thermoelectric heating and cooling |
| US9555686B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2017-01-31 | Gentherm Incorporated | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices |
| WO2010135363A2 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-25 | Bsst Llc | Temperature control system with thermoelectric device |
| GB201016014D0 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2010-11-10 | Epistem Ltd | Thermal cycler |
| WO2015088424A2 (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-18 | Conflux Ab | Arrangement and method for controlling an electric current |
| JP6751716B2 (ja) | 2014-12-19 | 2020-09-09 | ジェンサーム インコーポレイテッドGentherm Incorporated | 車両領域の熱調節システムならびに方法 |
| DE102015208800A1 (de) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Fahrzeugklimatisierungsanlage und Betriebsverfahren |
| KR101836569B1 (ko) | 2015-06-17 | 2018-03-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 배터리 열관리 시스템 및 그 방법 |
| US10625566B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2020-04-21 | Gentherm Incorporated | Systems and methods for controlling thermal conditioning of vehicle regions |
| US11459110B2 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2022-10-04 | Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation | Environmental control system utilizing two pass secondary heat exchanger and cabin pressure assist |
| US10556481B2 (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-02-11 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for providing heating and cooling to a vehicle cabin of autonomous vehicles |
| JP6642526B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-10 | 2020-02-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 熱交換システムの制御装置 |
| CN107449130B (zh) * | 2017-08-04 | 2023-08-29 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | 空调系统及具有其的车辆 |
| FR3077375B1 (fr) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-01-17 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Procede de traitement thermique d'un habitacle et d'un dispositif de stockage electrique d'un vehicule automobile |
| US11472264B2 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2022-10-18 | Gogoro Inc. | Apparatuses for controlling environmental conditions and associated methods |
| KR20200059582A (ko) | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-29 | 주식회사 사이어트 (SYATT Co.,Ltd.) | 열전 소자 모듈의 온도 제어 장치 |
| CN113167510B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2025-10-03 | 金瑟姆股份公司 | 热电调节系统和方法 |
| WO2021016399A1 (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-28 | Reza Monazami | Thermal management device and system |
| US11550374B2 (en) | 2020-03-17 | 2023-01-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Device temperature control based on a threshold operating temperature determined for the device based on a weather data, a device model, and a mapping table |
| CN111439089A (zh) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-24 | 应雪汽车科技(常熟)有限公司 | 一种电动车内温控调节系统 |
| KR20200083413A (ko) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-07-08 | 주식회사 사이어트 (SYATT Co.,Ltd.) | 열전 소자 모듈의 온도 제어 장치 |
| KR102370846B1 (ko) | 2020-06-29 | 2022-03-07 | 주식회사 사이어트 (SYATT Co.,Ltd.) | 열전 소자 모듈의 온도 제어 장치 |
| CN112046253B (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司 | 一种用于车辆的除湿装置、热管理系统及其除湿方法 |
| CN111895674B (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2025-04-08 | 昆明友邦制冷设备有限公司 | 一种高低温冷冻制冷系统及其控制方法 |
| GB2604106B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2026-03-18 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Operating a vehicle on an electrified route and without being supplied with electric energy from a route |
| US12552223B2 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2026-02-17 | Gentherm Incorporated | Optimal control of convective thermal devices |
| CN115122861A (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-30 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种换热装置的控制方法及控制系统 |
| CN113173052B (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-10-25 | 侯静霞 | 车用送风装置及汽车 |
| US20250229780A1 (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2025-07-17 | Atieva, Inc. | Performing static heating of electric motor based on vehicle inclination |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0537521A (ja) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-12 | Nec Corp | データ伝送装置 |
| JPH0537621U (ja) * | 1991-10-30 | 1993-05-21 | 五六 渡辺 | 連続圧流吸水用ロール機構 |
| JPH0537521U (ja) * | 1991-10-30 | 1993-05-21 | 株式会社高岳製作所 | 自動車用蓄熱式暖房装置 |
| KR100727870B1 (ko) * | 2001-01-02 | 2007-06-14 | 한라공조주식회사 | 주정차시 차량의 보조 냉난방 시스템 및 그 제어방법 |
| JP4605188B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-29 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用空調装置 |
| US7779639B2 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2010-08-24 | Bsst Llc | HVAC system for hybrid vehicles using thermoelectric devices |
| US8931299B2 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2015-01-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Air conditioning system having integrated chiller and thermal storage |
| RU2011116113A (ru) * | 2008-10-23 | 2012-11-27 | БиЭсЭсТи ЭлЭлСи | Многорежимная система обогрева, вентиляции и кондиционирования воздуха (овик) стермоэлектрическим устройством |
| JP2010125997A (ja) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 車両用空調装置 |
| WO2010135363A2 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-25 | Bsst Llc | Temperature control system with thermoelectric device |
| JP2011001048A (ja) * | 2009-05-19 | 2011-01-06 | Toyota Industries Corp | 車両用空調システム |
| KR20110013876A (ko) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | 신민호 | 차량의 연료절감/공조 시스템 |
| JP5407944B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-25 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用空調装置 |
| DE102010052019A1 (de) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-06-09 | Denso Corporation, Kariya-City | Klimaanlage für Fahrzeug |
| JP2011152855A (ja) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-11 | Denso Corp | 車両用空調制御装置 |
-
2013
- 2013-03-29 CN CN201380029235.7A patent/CN104334380B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-29 CN CN201610854588.6A patent/CN106427477B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-29 DE DE112013001908.6T patent/DE112013001908T5/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-03-29 KR KR1020147030452A patent/KR20140143816A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2013-03-29 JP JP2015504643A patent/JP6219365B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-29 WO PCT/US2013/034690 patent/WO2013151903A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-09-27 JP JP2017186728A patent/JP2018012498A/ja active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-04-24 JP JP2019083340A patent/JP2019142502A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106427477B (zh) | 2019-06-04 |
| JP2019142502A (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
| WO2013151903A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
| CN104334380B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
| JP2018012498A (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
| CN106427477A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| JP2015512357A (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
| CN104334380A (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
| KR20140143816A (ko) | 2014-12-17 |
| DE112013001908T5 (de) | 2014-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6219365B2 (ja) | 熱電装置を備える温度制御システム | |
| US9555686B2 (en) | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices | |
| US9447994B2 (en) | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices | |
| US20130192272A1 (en) | Temperature control systems with thermoelectric devices | |
| EP2349753B1 (en) | Multi-mode hvac system with thermoelectric device | |
| CN101378923B (zh) | 利用低级资源的热调节系统式电动或混合动力机动车 | |
| US9758011B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| US9731578B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| US9758010B2 (en) | EV multi mode thermal management system | |
| US9731577B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| US9758012B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| US9511645B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| US9731576B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| US9533544B2 (en) | EV multi-mode thermal management system | |
| CN204987545U (zh) | 三环路温度控制系统 | |
| US20100293966A1 (en) | Vehicle air conditioner | |
| CN107867143B (zh) | 将热能传递至分配向车辆客舱的空气的方法 | |
| JP2011143911A (ja) | 車両用空調ユニット及び車両用空調システム | |
| CN119175975A (zh) | 热管理系统及车辆 | |
| CN223199818U (zh) | 热管理系统及车辆 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20141202 |
|
| RD01 | Notification of change of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7426 Effective date: 20141202 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20150218 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160324 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20160324 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20170125 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170131 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170501 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170829 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170927 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6219365 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |