JP6216656B2 - Grinder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical profile grinding machine that draws a workpiece shape to be processed on a chart paper, simultaneously copies a grindstone image and the workpiece shape on a projector, and teaches a grindstone position along the contour of the workpiece shape, In particular, the present invention relates to an optical copy grinding machine that can perform accurate grinding even when a shape error appears in a workpiece after machining.

  Generally, in a grinding machine that grinds a workpiece (workpiece) by moving the grinding wheel against the workpiece, create a machining program that matches the shape of the workpiece to be ground, According to the machining program, the workpiece was ground in accordance with the shape to be ground.

  However, in the actual grinding process, as shown in FIG. 9, there is a special circumstance of the grinding apparatus that the tip shape of the grinding wheel 9 is not necessarily an arc, and wear, deformation, etc. may occur. If a machining program is created by teaching a shape to be ground to a numerical control device and grinding is automatically performed in accordance with the machining program, as shown in FIG. 10, the workpiece 7 is left uncut (or excessively cut). This has caused a problem that a shape error occurs in the workpiece after machining.

  Another method is to create a machining program by drawing the workpiece shape to be machined on the chart paper, copying the grinding wheel image and this shape simultaneously on the projector, and teaching the grinding wheel position along the contour. A method of teaching (teaching playback method) is known.

  Even if machining is performed by this method, the grinding wheel shape is deformed and other factors are added, so that a shape error appears in the workpiece after machining, and the machining program (NC program) used for machining is corrected thereafter. Necessity arises.

  Therefore, in general, the amount of shape error is ascertained using a projector or other measuring device, and the XY command values of the machining program are calculated as necessary, and these command values are converted into functions equivalent to text editors. Use to change.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-96220 JP 2008-105119 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-65635 JP-A-3-294906 JP 60-104650 A JP 59-14010 A

  However, in these program change operations, it is not easy to specify which line (block) in the program corresponds to the location where the shape error is grasped, and the XY command value must be input and operated. There was a problem that the work was not easy.

  Furthermore, when there is a shape error in the arc-shaped portion, the radius command value R must be changed, but there is a problem that the radius command value cannot be easily obtained from the shape error amount.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to perform accurate grinding even when the tip shape of the grinding wheel is worn or deformed. It is an object to provide an optical scanning grinding apparatus that can perform the above.

The present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problem, and the invention according to claim 1 is a grinding machine for grinding a workpiece according to a grinding program created so as to have a desired workpiece shape to be machined. Because
The workpiece shape obtained by grinding the workpiece according to the grinding program and the desired workpiece shape are displayed, and the ground workpiece is moved so that the ground workpiece shape matches the desired workpiece shape. Accordingly, the grinding program is automatically corrected based on the movement amount of the workpiece.

  In the invention according to claim 2, in the movement of the ground workpiece, an edit point of the displayed workpiece shape is selected, and the ground workpiece shape and the desired workpiece shape at the selected edition point are selected. The grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is moved so as to match.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the grinding machine according to claim 2, wherein the grinding program corresponding to the edit point is automatically corrected based on the movement amount of the workpiece.

The invention according to claim 4 is a grinding machine for grinding the workpiece in accordance with a grinding program created so as to have a desired workpiece shape to be machined.
Moving means for moving the workpiece;
And a control means for controlling the following process processes (A) to (D).

(A) grinding the workpiece according to the grinding program;
(B) a step of displaying the ground workpiece shape and the desired workpiece shape;
(C) a step of detecting the amount of movement of the workpiece when the workpiece is moved by the moving means so that the displayed workpiece shape that has been ground and the desired workpiece shape are matched;
(D) A step of automatically correcting the grinding program based on the detected movement amount of the workpiece.

  In the invention according to claim 5, the grinding machine has a selection means for selecting an edit point from the displayed work shapes, and the ground work shape at the selected edit points and the 5. The grinding machine according to claim 4, wherein the workpiece is moved by the moving means so as to match a desired workpiece shape.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the grinding machine according to claim 5, wherein the control means corrects a grinding program corresponding to the edit point based on a moving amount of the workpiece.

  According to the present invention, even when the tip shape of the grinding wheel is worn or deformed, accurate grinding can be performed.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of the optical copying grinding machine which implemented this invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control part of the optical profile grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. 1. It is a flowchart of operation | movement of the optical copying grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of the optical copying grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of the optical copying grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of the optical copying grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of the optical copying grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of the optical copying grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the front-end | tip part of a grindstone in an optical copying grinding machine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which the shape error generate | occur | produced in the workpiece | work after a process.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of an optical copying grinding machine embodying the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the optical scanning grinding machine 1 moves a rotationally driven grinding wheel 9 with respect to a workpiece (workpiece) 7 fixed on a work table 8 (see FIG. 2). The workpiece 7 is ground, and a projection device 10 that projects a light beam to obtain a projection image of the workpiece 7 and the grinding wheel 9 is provided.

  Then, the desired shape of the workpiece to be processed is drawn on the chart paper, the grinding stone image and the workpiece shape of the chart paper are simultaneously copied onto the projection device, and the grinding program is created by teaching the grinding wheel position along the outline of the workpiece shape. According to this, the workpiece is ground.

  The projection device 10 irradiates a work 7 and a grinding wheel 9 with light rays emitted from a light source lamp 1 ′ such as a halogen lamp passing through a lens group 3 and a dust-proof glass 5. After passing through the mirror 13 and the reflecting mirrors 15, 17 and 19, it passes through one of a plurality of selectable magnifying lens groups 21, and the shadow is projected onto the projection screen 25 via the reflecting mirror 23.

  Further, the light from the reflected image light source lamp 27 can be irradiated onto the grinding wheel 9 and the upper surface of the work 7 by the half mirror 13, and the image can be projected onto the projection screen 25.

  The grinding machine 1 can be operated with the workpiece 7 installed, and with the chart paper indicating the workpiece shape 29 attached to the projection screen 25 except for the workpiece 7 during the shape teaching operation. An image 31 of the grinding wheel 9 can be projected.

  In addition, the grinding machine 1 is provided with an input / output unit 33 for inputting instructions and the like to a control unit, which will be described later, and displaying processing information and the like. The input / output unit 33 includes a display monitor 35 and input keys. 37 etc.

  The grinding wheel 9 is moved in the X and Y axis directions (on the same plane as the U and V axes) with respect to the work table moving mechanism 41 (see FIG. 2) for moving the work table 8 in the U and V axis directions and the work 7. A moving mechanism 43 (see FIG. 2) is provided for moving to the position. Further, the grinding wheel 9 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the X and Y axis directions.

  Accordingly, the grinding wheel 9 can be ground by the grinding wheel 9 by rotating the grinding wheel 9 under the control of the control portion and moving in the direction perpendicular to the X and Y axis directions. .

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the control part of the optical profile grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control portion of the optical profile grinding machine 1 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the optical scanning grinding machine 1 has a control unit 51 having a CPU 49 to which a ROM 45 and a RAM 47 are connected. The control unit 51 controls the entire grinding machine 1. The control unit 51 includes a work table moving mechanism 41 that moves the work table 8 in the U and V axis directions, and a grinding wheel 9 in the X and Y axis directions (on the same plane as the U and V axes). A moving mechanism 43 for moving, a first manual moving mechanism 53 for manually moving the work table 8 (that is, the work 7), a second manual moving mechanism 55 for manually moving the grinding wheel 9, and an input / output unit 33 The input key 37 and the display monitor 35 are connected.

  Next, the operation of the optical profile grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the operation of the optical profile grinding machine 1 shown in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 4 to 8 are explanatory diagrams of the correction operation of the optical profile grinding machine 1 shown in FIG.

  First, in step 101 of FIG. 3, the setting of the projection apparatus 10 is performed. That is, the projection apparatus 10 is put into an operating state, and chart paper indicating a desired grinding shape is set on the projection screen 25 of the projection apparatus 10.

  In this state, a grinding program based on the desired grinding shape of the workpiece 7 is created in advance by the control unit 51 in accordance with an instruction input by the operator from the input / output unit 33 and stored in the control unit 51. And Here, the grinding program draws the shape of the workpiece to be processed on the chart paper, copies the grinding stone image and the workpiece shape of the chart paper on the projection device at the same time, and teaches the grinding wheel position along the outline of the workpiece shape. Has been created.

  Next, in step 103, trial machining of the workpiece 7 is performed according to the grinding program.

  Then, in step 105, confirmation is performed using a chart comparing the shape of the workpiece 7 after the trial machining (machining result) with a desired grinding shape on the chart paper. That is, the projection device 10 matches the image of the workpiece 7 with the chart shape on the projection screen 25, for example, a projection diagram as shown in FIG. 4 is displayed, and the projection diagram is confirmed by the operator. The image of the workpiece 7 and the chart shape are matched by manually moving the work table 8 by operating the first manual movement mechanism 53.

  The projection view shown in FIG. 4 shows the case of reflected illumination, but the present invention is not limited to this, and transmitted illumination may be used.

  Next, in step 107, as a result of the confirmation of the projection drawing, is there an error between the shape of the workpiece 7 after processing and the desired grinding shape on the chart paper (work shape on the grinding program)? It is determined whether or not correction is necessary depending on whether or not.

  That is, for example, when a projection view as shown in FIG. 4 is displayed on the projection screen 25, the shape 7a of the workpiece 7 after processing and the desired grinding shape on the chart paper (the workpiece on the grinding processing program). Whether or not there is an error with respect to (shape) 7b is determined by the operator.

  If it is determined that there is an error between the shape 7a of the workpiece 7 after processing and the desired grinding shape (the shape of the workpiece on the grinding program) 7b on the chart paper and correction is necessary, step 109 is performed. , The operator turns on a correction request switch (for example, 37a in FIG. 1). Here, when the correction request switch 37 a is turned on, the signal is sent to the CPU 49 of the control unit 51.

  Next, in step 111, a machining shape adjustment screen is displayed on the display monitor 35 of the input / output unit 33. That is, when the CPU 49 of the control unit 51 receives an ON signal of the correction request switch 37a, the CPU 49 displays a machining shape adjustment screen for adjusting the machining shape of the workpiece 7 on the display monitor 35. The machining shape of the workpiece 7 is adjusted by the machining shape adjustment screen and the projection drawing on the projection screen 25, and the result of the adjustment is automatically reflected in the grinding program. .

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the machining shape adjustment screen on the display monitor 35 includes a grinding movement path R of the stored grinding processing program, and edit points P1 to P1 on the grinding movement movement path R. A grinding program P0 corresponding to P5, an edit function switch display S, and the like are provided. The grinding program P0 corresponding to the edit points P1 to P5 on the grinding movement path R is as shown in FIG.

  The edit function switch display S includes S1 before the edit point, S2 next to the edit point, coordinate change S3, radius change S4, and edit end S5. The edit function switch display S is changed and displayed by pressing a coordinate change S3 and a radius change S4, as will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, here, the edit points P1 to P5 on the grinding movement path R correspond to the inflection points of the shape of the workpiece on the grinding program. However, only P1 corresponds to the starting point.

  Next, in step 113, edit points P1 to P5 on the machining shape adjustment screen on the display monitor 35 are designated.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, on the display monitor 35, the operator operates the switch display of S1 before the edit point and S2 to the next edit point, so that one of the edit points P1 to P5 is displayed. Is selected. In the case shown in FIG. 5A, the edit point P3 is selected, a square symbol is displayed as a mark at the edit point P3, and the program N8 corresponding to the edit point P3 in the grinding program P0. Is highlighted.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 4, an intermediate edit point at which an error appears between the shape 7a of the workpiece 7 after machining and the desired grinding shape (work shape on the grinding program) 7b is selected. Is done.

  When the selection of the edit point is completed, a coordinate change function is selected by the operator in step 115. That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, on the display monitor 35, the switch display of the coordinate change S3 is operated by the operator, and the process moves to the coordinate change process at the edit point P3. Here, when the switch display of the coordinate change S3 is operated, as shown in FIG. 6A, the edit function switch display S on the display monitor 35 is changed to a coordinate value input S6, a teaching start S7, and a return S8. And changed.

  Next, in step 117, the teaching start function is selected by the operator. That is, as shown in FIG. 6A, on the display monitor 35, the switch display at the teaching start S7 is operated by the operator, and the process proceeds to the coordinate changing process at the editing point P3. Here, when the switch display at the teaching start S7 is operated, as shown in FIG. 6B, the editing function switch display S on the display monitor 35 is changed to a teaching end S9 and a return S8.

  Then, in step 119, the operator eliminates an error between the shape P3a of the processed workpiece 7 at the editing point P3 on the projection plane 25 and the desired grinding shape P3b on the chart paper. 7 is moved manually.

  That is, the operator looks at the shape 7a of the workpiece 7 after processing and the desired grinding shape 7b on the chart paper displayed on the projection surface 25 as shown in FIG. 4, and the shape P3a of the workpiece 7 after processing. And the desired grinding shape P3b on the chart paper, the work table 8 (that is, the work 7) is moved in the U and V axis directions by the operation of the first manual movement mechanism 53 so as to be matched. This is done manually.

  Next, when the workpiece 7 is manually moved until there is no error between the processed shape P3a of the workpiece 7 and the desired grinding shape P3b on the chart paper, in step 121, the operator completes the teaching end function. Is selected. That is, as shown in FIG. 6B, on the display monitor 35, the operator operates the switch display of the teaching end S9, and the process moves to the teaching end processing at the editing point P3.

  Here, when the teaching end process is started, the movement amount of the work table 8 is sent from the first manual movement mechanism 53 to the CPU 49 of the control unit 51. Here, the CPU 49 of the control unit 51 detects the movement amount of the work table 8.

  Next, in step 123, the grinding program is changed based on the movement amount of the workpiece 7 detected in step 121.

  Here, the CPU 49 of the control unit 51 changes the grinding program based on the movement amount data of the work table 8 as follows, for example.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 7, at the point P3 to be changed, the program movement path R1 before the command value correction is changed to the program movement path R2 after the command value correction, and the movement amount of the U-axis is −0.0100. If the movement amount of the V-axis is -0.0200, the grinding program at the edit point P3 is changed from N8 G1 X-4.0000 Y3.0000 to N8 G1 X-3.9900 Y3.0200, and FIG. It is displayed as shown in (b).

  Here, the processing for changing the grinding program based on the data of the movement amount of the work table 8 by the CPU 49 can be performed according to a predetermined rule set in advance.

  Next, in step 124, it is determined whether or not to edit other edit points. If there is no change in other edit points, the program change is terminated, and in step 125, actual machining of the workpiece 7 is performed. . Here, the workpiece 7 is manually moved until there is no error between the shape P3a of the workpiece 7 after processing and the desired grinding shape P3b on the chart paper, and grinding is performed based on the movement of the workpiece 7. Since the program is changed, even if the shape of the tip of the grinding wheel 9 is changed, more accurate grinding is performed.

  Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  In the above-described embodiment, the correction processing is performed in the case of a machining shape in which straight lines are combined, but in this embodiment, the correction processing is performed in the case of a machining shape including a curve such as an arc.

  That is, in the correction operation processing in steps 101 to 125 in FIG. 3 described above, the machining shape in which straight lines are combined is changed to an arc machining shape, and other operations are the same.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 8, at the point P4 ′ where the machining shape of the circular arc is to be changed, the program movement path R3 before the command value correction is changed to the program movement path R4 after the command value correction, and editing is performed accordingly. The grinding program at the point P4 ′ is changed and displayed.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 8B, the arc midpoint before correction is shifted by the same direction and the same movement amount as the moved UV to be point C, and the start point A and end point before and after correction are corrected. The coordinates of B are not changed, and the arc radius passing through the three points of point A, point B, and point C is obtained by calculation, and the machining program is automatically corrected using this as the R4 command value after the change.

  Here, the processing for changing the grinding program based on the data of the movement amount of the work table 8 by the CPU 49 can also be performed in accordance with a predetermined rule set in advance.

  When the change of the program is completed, the actual machining of the workpiece 7 is performed, but here again until there is no error between the arc shape of the workpiece 7 after machining and the desired grinding arc shape on the chart paper. Since the workpiece 7 is manually moved and the grinding program is changed based on the movement of the workpiece 7, even if the shape of the tip of the grinding wheel 9 is changed, more accurate grinding is performed. Become.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above, and can be implemented in other modes by making appropriate modifications.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the processing shape in which straight lines are combined or the processing shape of an arc has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to various other shapes.

  The present invention can also be applied to various grinding machines other than the above-described embodiments, for example, profile grinding machines equipped with a CCD camera and surface grinding machines.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Optical copying grinding machine 7 Work piece 8 Work table 9 Grinding wheel 10 Projection device 25 Projection surface 49 CPU
51 Control Unit 53 First Manual Movement Mechanism 55 Second Manual Movement Mechanism

Claims (6)

A grinding machine for grinding the workpiece according to a grinding program created so as to have a desired workpiece shape to be machined,
The workpiece shape obtained by grinding the workpiece according to the grinding program and the desired workpiece shape are displayed, and the ground workpiece is moved so that the ground workpiece shape matches the desired workpiece shape. Thus, the grinding program is automatically corrected based on the amount of movement of the workpiece.   In the movement of the ground workpiece, an edit point of the displayed workpiece shape is selected, and the workpiece shape is matched with the desired workpiece shape at the selected edit point. The grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein the grinding machine is moved.   The grinding machine according to claim 2, wherein a grinding program corresponding to the editing point is automatically corrected based on a movement amount of the workpiece. A grinding machine for grinding the workpiece according to a grinding program created so as to have a desired workpiece shape to be machined,
Moving means for moving the workpiece;
And a control means for controlling the following process processes (A) to (D).
(A) grinding the workpiece according to the grinding program;
(B) a step of displaying the ground workpiece shape and the desired workpiece shape;
(C) a step of detecting the amount of movement of the workpiece when the workpiece is moved by the moving means so that the displayed workpiece shape that has been ground and the desired workpiece shape are matched;
(D) A step of automatically correcting the grinding program based on the detected movement amount of the workpiece.   The grinding machine has a selection means for selecting an edit point from the displayed work shapes so that the ground work shape at the selected edit point matches the desired work shape. The grinding machine according to claim 4, wherein the workpiece is moved by the moving means.   6. The grinding machine according to claim 5, wherein the control means corrects a grinding program corresponding to the editing point based on a movement amount of the workpiece.

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