JP6205080B1 - Terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier having a simple configuration capable of supplying divalent iron ions to a plant continuously on land for a long period of time. A land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 includes a main body 2 for supplying divalent iron ions. The main body 2 includes an iron material 3 and a first shape holding material for holding the shape of the main body 2. And a mixture 4 in which lactic acid bacteria and the like, which are salt-tolerant bacteria that decompose organic substances in the presence of this salt to produce organic acids, are mixed. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier that promotes plant growth by supplying divalent iron ions on land, and in particular, terrestrial two ions that can supply divalent iron ions for a long period of time. It relates to a ferrous ion supplier.

Conventionally, divalent iron ions (Fe ²⁺ ) are known as fertilizer elements indispensable for plant photosynthesis and respiration. For example, fertilizers containing iron components that elute divalent iron ions in the presence of water are known. Has been sprayed on agricultural land.
However, divalent iron ions are easily oxidized when they encounter oxygen in the environment to become trivalent iron ions (Fe ³⁺ ), and further change into iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) that the plant roots cannot absorb. Therefore, even when the iron component is sprayed, there is a problem that it is difficult to continuously supply divalent iron ions to the plant over a long period of time. For this reason, it is necessary to perform additional fertilization multiple times in addition to the basic fertilizer until the plant is sufficiently grown, and there is a problem that it is a burden in terms of work and cost.
Therefore, in recent years, a technique for supplying divalent iron ions to plants on land has been developed on the land for a long time, and some ideas or inventions have already been disclosed in this regard.

Patent Document 1 discloses a device related to a slow-effect fertilizer having a long-lasting organic chemical dumpling fertilizer and having a long-term fertilizer effect.
Hereinafter, the device disclosed in Patent Document 1 will be described. The device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is characterized in that it is formed by mixing paper pulp waste fiber, rice bran or ferric oxide powder, etc., and chemical fertilizer, and binding and hardening with a hardly water-permeable binder. To do.
In the device having such a feature, first, chemical fertilizer is eluted from the surface layer sequentially, and organic matter such as paper pulp waste fiber is decomposed. Due to this decomposition, the water in the soil easily penetrates into the long-lasting organic chemical dumpling fertilizer, so that the chemical fertilizer in the next layer is sequentially eluted and the organic matter is decomposed. As a result, the fertilizer effect can be maintained for a long time. In particular, in paddy fields that have been reduced by flooding, ferric oxide powder (trivalent iron) becomes ferrous (divalent iron) and dissolves in water. It can penetrate into long-lasting organic chemical dumpling fertilizer and supply ferrous iron together with chemical fertilizer to plants over a long period of time.

Next, Patent Document 2 discloses an invention relating to a zeolite composition that gradually releases metal element fertilizer under the name of “zeolite composition for replenishing metal element fertilizer and manufacturing method thereof”.
Hereinafter, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 will be described. The invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 is characterized in that a metal element and a chelating agent necessary for plant growth are held individually or in the form of a metal chelate using zeolite as a holding carrier. In the zeolite composition for replenishing metal element fertilizer having such characteristics, the elution of the metal element to the outside of the zeolite is sustained over a long period by contact with water. Since the eluted metal element is a water-soluble chelate, it is effectively carried out in a state that it is favorably absorbed into plants.

Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses an invention related to a fertilizer that supplies fertilizer nutrients and chelated iron to plants under the name “fertilizer”.
Hereinafter, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3 will be described. The invention disclosed in Patent Document 3 is a clay-based powder in which a chelating iron liquid is absorbed and supported on a substrate such as plant incineration ash or porous plant charcoal, which contains a component that becomes a fertilizer nutrient and can adsorb and support a liquid. It is characterized by mixing and solidifying a joining solidifying material such as starch-based powder or lime-based powder, or granulating into granular pellets by applying pressure.
Since the fertilizer having such characteristics has a structure in which the fertilizer nutrient and the chelated iron are separated, both the fertilizer nutrient and the chelated iron can be efficiently absorbed by animals and plants. Moreover, a joining solidification material is a harmless substance, and is isolate | separated slowly from a fertilizer nutrient etc. in soil.

Finally, in Patent Document 4 filed by the applicant of the present application, it is related to a divalent iron ion supply device for supplying divalent iron ions to a plant in water under the name “underwater divalent iron ion supply device”. The invention is disclosed.
Hereinafter, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 4 will be described. The invention disclosed in Patent Document 4 includes a divalent iron ion supplier that supplies divalent iron ions in water, a first container that has water permeability and is packed with a divalent iron ion supplier, A biodegradable container body in which the container is accommodated, the divalent iron ion supplier contains fermented bran and iron material, and the container body has a small hole penetrated It is characterized by. In the underwater divalent iron ion supply apparatus having such characteristics, when the container body is immersed in water, water enters the container body in which the first container is stored through the small holes. Then, the divalent iron ion complex supplied from the divalent iron ion supplier packed in the first container gradually diffuses into the water around the container body through the small holes. Further, the container body also acts as a protective material for the first container, and when the material is, for example, a bamboo tube, it is considered that the shape is maintained in water for at least several years. Therefore, according to the divalent iron ion supply device for water, combined with the above action of the container body, the divalent iron ions can be continuously supplied to the water for a long period of time to promote the growth of the plant.

Microfilm of Japanese Utility Model No. 1-10814 (Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 2-102447) JP-B-2-31037 JP 2014-198635 A Japanese Patent No. 5864811

  However, since the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 contains waste fibers and the like, there is a possibility that the moisture in the soil permeates into the fiber and collapses all at once. In this case, the production rate of ferrous iron per long-lasting organic chemical dumpling fertilizer increases, and it is considered that the slow-acting effect is not exhibited. That is, it is considered uncertain whether ferrous iron can be supplied to plants over a long period of time.

  Next, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2, the zeolite composition for replenishing metal element fertilizer is formed into a spherical molded product after wet mixing the raw materials for a long time (specifically, 3 hours or more), The spherical molded product is completed by drying at 100 ° C. Therefore, the manufacturing method is somewhat complicated and the manufacturing cost may increase.

  Furthermore, also in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3, there is a possibility that the granular pellets may collapse at once due to the penetration of moisture in the soil into the bonding solidifying material such as clay powder. Therefore, as with the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is considered uncertain whether ferrous iron can be supplied to plants over a long period of time.

  Furthermore, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 4, by providing a container body, it is possible to continuously supply divalent iron ions into water for a long period of time. However, on land, the container body hinders the divalent iron ion supplier from coming into contact with water and does not always allow water to pass through the small holes of the container body. It is difficult to continuously diffuse ferric iron ions. Therefore, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 4 cannot be immediately applied as a land-use divalent iron ion supplier.

  The present invention has been made in response to such a conventional situation, and provides a terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier having a simple structure capable of supplying divalent iron ions to plants for a long time on land. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, a first invention is a land-use divalent iron ion supplier for supplying divalent iron ions on the land to promote plant growth, the main body supplying the divalent iron ions The body has a first shape-retaining material for retaining its shape, an organic matter, an iron material, a salt, and a salt-tolerant bacterium that decomposes the organic matter in the presence of this salt to produce an organic acid. It is contained.

In the invention having such a configuration, as the organic substance, for example, a plant material that can be decomposed by bacteria, such as bran or bran, is used. Further, the iron material is a supply source of divalent iron ions, and for example, scale sludge, cutting iron powder, thin iron pieces, and the like are used.
In addition, salt is a compound that is added for the purpose of inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the soil when it invades the body, resulting from a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. The thing which consists of. Therefore, the bacterium added to the main body needs to be a salt-tolerant bacterium that can decompose an organic substance in the presence of a salt to generate an organic acid.
As this salt-tolerant bacterium, for example, a conditional anaerobic fermentation bacterium is used. Thereby, organic substances, such as protein contained in a main body, are decomposed | disassembled and organic acid is produced | generated. As the organic acid is produced, the organic substance gradually becomes in a low oxygen state. However, even in such a state, the conditional anaerobic fermentation bacteria can produce the organic acid, and thus can be suitably used.
On the other hand, since most of the bacteria in the soil are aerobic bacteria, they cannot survive in a microenvironment that is hypoxic inside the main body.
And the 1st shape maintenance material is mixed in order to keep the shape of a main part. As the first shape retaining material, for example, agar or mannan having a three-dimensional structure can be considered.

In the invention of the above configuration, divalent iron ions are eluted from the iron material in the presence of water. This divalent iron ion is combined with an organic acid to form a divalent iron ion complex. Moreover, since this organic acid is continuously generated by the activity of salt-tolerant bacteria, a divalent iron ion complex is also continuously generated. Moreover, since the organic substance is in a low oxygen state as the organic acid is generated, the oxidation of divalent iron ions is prevented.
Such a divalent iron ion complex is eluted from the main body and released into the soil together with the water because the main body is in contact with water, and is absorbed by the plant roots.
Moreover, even when soil bacteria enter the body, the salt contained in the body inhibits the growth of bacteria in the soil, preventing the decomposition of organic matter and ensuring the production of organic acids. . That is, the production of a divalent iron ion complex based on salt-tolerant bacteria or the like is maintained by the salt.
Furthermore, since the effect | action which hold | maintains the three-dimensional shape of a main body is exhibited by the 1st shape holding material mixed with the main body, collapse of a main body is prevented. That is, since the iron material is prevented from separating from the organic matter and coming into contact with oxygen in the environment, the generation of the divalent iron ion complex is maintained even by the first shape maintaining material.

Next, a second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the main body is mixed with a binder.
In the invention having such a configuration, the binder is a binding material for binding at least an organic substance and an iron material, and includes, for example, sodium lignin sulfonate, bentonite, polyvinyl alcohol, flying powder (a konjac husk). Conceivable.
In the invention of the above configuration, in addition to the action of the first invention, the binder improves at least the binding property between the organic substance and the iron material, and further enhances the action of maintaining the three-dimensional shape of the main body.

Then, 3rd invention is provided with the coating | coated part which coat | covers a main body in 1st or 2nd invention, This coating | coated part is the 2nd shape holding material for hold | maintaining the shape, and bacteria in soil. And a retention carrier for holding the fungus-suppressing material.
In the invention having such a configuration, the same material as the first shape retaining material is used as the second shape retaining material. In addition, examples of the bacteria-suppressing material and the holding carrier include salts, agar, and water-absorbing polymers, respectively. In addition, organic acid-producing bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria contained in dairy products such as yogurt as a fungus-suppressing material, and this dairy product can be considered as a holding carrier. In this case, the organic acid-producing bacterium produces an organic acid such as lactic acid by degrading proteins and carbohydrates in the dairy product. In addition, butyric acid bacteria and yeasts may be used as the organic acid-producing bacteria, similarly to the salt-tolerant bacteria contained in the main body.

In the invention of the above configuration, in addition to the action of the first or second invention, when bacteria in the soil try to invade in the order of the covering portion and the main body, first, the fungus-suppressing material of the covering portion first enters the covering portion. Since the growth of invading soil bacteria is inhibited, the invasion of soil bacteria into the main body is suppressed. Therefore, rapid decomposition of the organic substance contained in the main body is prevented.
In addition, when the fungus-suppressing material is an organic acid-producing bacterium, the organic acid generated by the organic acid-producing bacterium prevents rapid decomposition of the organic matter contained in the coating and distributes it on the surface of the main body. The divalent iron ions eluted from the iron material to be chelated are chelated to a divalent iron ion complex.
Furthermore, since the three-dimensional shape of the covering portion is held by the second shape holding material, the above-described action such as the suppression of bacteria continues for a long time.

Further, in a fourth aspect based on the third aspect, at least one of the main body and the covering portion is coated with a coating layer, the coating layer does not permeate the main body and the covering portion, and water and divalent iron. It is formed of a semipermeable membrane material having a property of selectively permeating an ionic complex.
In the invention having such a configuration, as the semipermeable membrane material, for example, a solution obtained by dissolving nitrocellulose in ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether (trade name Collodion), carboxymethylcellulose, and the like are conceivable. Further, such a material forms a coating layer having a certain strength against pressure in a dry state.
In the invention of the above configuration, in addition to the action of the third invention, at least one of the main body and the covering portion is coated with the coating layer, and thus resistance to physical pressure is added. Therefore, even when the main body and the covering portion each absorb water and swell, their collapse is prevented.
In addition, since the coating layer does not permeate the main body and the covering portion, the organic matter contained in the main body and the fungus-suppressing material held on the holding carrier are difficult to permeate the coating layer, and generation of organic acids and bacterial suppression of bacteria in the soil The action lasts.
In addition, since the coating layer has the property of selectively permeating water and the divalent iron ion complex, water can enter the inside of the main body and the divalent iron ions can be eluted, and the formed divalent iron The ion complex can diffuse into the soil.

The fifth invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, the salt-tolerant bacterium is at least one selected from lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, and yeasts.
In the invention having such a configuration, in addition to the action of any one of the first to fourth inventions, organic acids such as lactic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid, and malic acid are produced from lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, and yeast, respectively. The Organic acids chelate with divalent iron ions to form divalent iron ion complexes. In addition, organic acids themselves inhibit the growth of bacteria in the soil. Has the effect of reducing or killing.

According to 1st invention, a divalent iron ion complex can be produced | generated continuously because an organic substance, an iron material, and salt-resistant bacteria are contained in a main body. This sustained production is reinforced by two actions: salt inhibits the growth of bacteria in the soil and the first shape-retaining material prevents the body from collapsing. Therefore, the divalent iron ion complex can be stably released into the soil over a long period on land. As a result, it is possible to reduce the number of times of fertilization until the plants are sufficiently grown, and it is possible to reduce the work and cost burdens.
Further, the first invention can be easily manufactured because the main body is made of an inexpensive material such as an organic material or an iron material and has a simple configuration.

  According to the second invention, in addition to the effects of the first invention, since the holding action of the three-dimensional shape of the main body is further strengthened by the binder, a divalent iron ion complex is generated by the collapse of the main body. The situation that disappears can be surely prevented.

According to the third invention, in addition to the effects of the first or second invention, the bacteria-suppressing material of the covering portion prevents the organic substances contained in the main body from being decomposed, so that an organic acid is generated in the main body. It is possible to ensure a certain amount or more. In addition, when the bacteria-suppressing material is an organic acid-producing bacterium, in addition to preventing the decomposition of the organic matter contained in the coating part, the divalent iron ions eluted from the iron material are efficiently converted to divalent iron. Can be chelated to ionic complexes. That is, the bacteria-suppressing material in the covering portion has an effect of reinforcing the continuous production of the divalent iron ion complex by the main body.
Furthermore, since the three-dimensional shape of the covering portion is held by the second shape holding material, the second shape holding material can also exert the reinforcing effect of the continuous generation of the above-described divalent iron ion complex.

  According to the fourth invention, in addition to the effects of the third invention, the coating layer prevents the main body and the coating part from collapsing, and the infiltration of water and the diffusion of the divalent iron ion complex are selectively performed. Since it becomes possible, the main body can continuously generate divalent iron ions, and can stably supply divalent iron ions to plants.

  According to the fifth invention, in addition to the effects of any one of the first to fourth inventions, lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria and yeasts all have salt tolerance and can efficiently produce organic acids. . These bacteria are suitable for use as salt-tolerant bacteria because they are easily available on the market and are easy to handle.

(A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the divalent iron ion supply body for land which concerns on Example 1, (b) is an AA arrow directional cross-sectional view in (a). 6 is a table showing the results of Experiment A for representing the effect of a land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 1. 10 is a table showing the results of Experiment B for expressing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 2. (A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the divalent iron ion supplier for land which concerns on Example 3, (b) is a BB arrow directional cross-sectional view in (a). (A) is a table | surface which shows the result of the experiment C1 for showing the effect of the divalent iron ion supplier for land which concerns on Example 3, (b) and (c) are the 1st of Example 3, respectively. It is a table | surface which shows the result of experiment C2 and C3 for showing the effect of the divalent iron ion supplier for land which concerns on a 2nd modification. 10 is a table showing the results of Experiment D for representing the effect of a land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 4. It is a table | surface which shows the result of the experiment E for showing the effect of the divalent iron ion supplier for land which concerns on the modification of Example 4. FIG. (A) And (b) is a table | surface which shows the result of the experiment F for showing the effect of the divalent iron ion supplier for land which concerns on Example 5, respectively.

The terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. Fig.1 (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the divalent iron ion supplier for land based on an Example, FIG.1 (b) is an AA arrow directional cross-sectional view in Fig.1 (a).
As shown in FIG. 1, a land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 according to Example 1 is a land-use divalent iron ion supplier that promotes plant growth by supplying divalent iron ions on land. The main body 2 is provided with a main body 2 for supplying divalent iron ions, and the main body 2 is organic in the presence of a first shape-retaining material, an organic material, an iron material 3, a salt, and this salt. Contains salt-tolerant bacteria that decompose organic acids to produce organic acids. The main body 2 is prepared by mixing the iron material 3 and the mixture 4 and then molding them into a pellet. The mixture 4 is a mixture of the first shape-retaining material, organic matter, salt, and salt-tolerant bacteria.
Specifically, the iron material 3 is cutting iron powder, and the first shape retaining material is agar having a three-dimensional structure. In addition, this agar has the property that it becomes gel-like by being heat-treated with water, and after being dehydrated and solidified by drying, it can absorb water again. Furthermore, the organic matter is protein, starch, etc. contained in rice bran, and the salt is 5-8 (%) sodium chloride by weight with respect to the rice bran. The salt-tolerant bacteria may be at least one selected from lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, and yeasts that are conditional anaerobic bacteria.

When the main body 2 in a state where the agar of the first shape-retaining material is dried is sprayed on the soil surface, the divalent iron ions are not eluted from the iron material 3 when there is no water around the main body 2. However, if water is present around the main body 2 due to watering or raining, the agar absorbs the water and changes to a gel state, and also absorbs the rice bran. Therefore, the iron material 3 comes into contact with water, and divalent iron ions are eluted from the iron material 3.
On the other hand, lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria and yeasts (hereinafter referred to as lactic acid bacteria), which are salt-tolerant bacteria, decompose proteins and the like contained in rice bran to produce lactic acid, butyric acid and succinic acid (hereinafter referred to as lactic acid). Generate. Therefore, the eluted divalent iron ions are combined with lactic acid or the like, and a divalent iron ion complex is generated. Since lactic acid and the like are continuously generated by the above-described decomposition by lactic acid bacteria and the like, a divalent iron ion complex is also continuously generated.

When the main body 2 is in contact with water, the divalent iron ion complex is eluted from the main body 2 and released into the soil together with water, and is absorbed by the plant roots.
Moreover, since the main body 2 contains a salt, even if the bacteria in the soil enter the main body 2, the growth of the bacteria in the soil is inhibited by this salt. In addition, since lactic acid or the like is generated in the main body 2, the growth of bacteria in the soil is also inhibited by this lactic acid or the like. Therefore, decomposition of rice bran is strongly prevented, and production of lactic acid and the like is ensured.

Next, the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a table showing the results of Experiment A for representing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 1.
First, the main body 2 used in this experiment A includes a bran bed 50 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, a cutting iron powder 10 (g) as the iron material 3, citric acid 2 (g), and a first It is manufactured using dry agar 2 (g) and water 100 (cc) as a shape-retaining material. The bran bed contains rice bran, salt, lactic acid bacteria derived from plants that decompose rice bran organic matter, and lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria.
Also, the manufacturing method of the main body 2 is a method in which dry agar poured into water is heated to 80 (° C.), and the dry agar is completely dissolved in water to form liquid agar. Cool to (° C) to form a gel. Furthermore, a bran bed, cutting iron powder, and citric acid are mixed with this gel agar to form a mixture. Then, after a metal cylinder is inserted into the mixture and the mixture is sealed in the metal cylinder, the mixture is gradually extruded from the metal cylinder, cut into pellets, and dried. To complete.

The method of Experiment A will be described. The completed main body 2 is immersed in water so that the whole is covered. When the main body 2 is immersed in water, as described above, a divalent iron ion complex is generated and diffused into water. The concentration of the diffused divalent iron ion complex is measured over time.
More specifically, the body 2 immersed in water is allowed to stand at room temperature, and a liquid reservoir containing a divalent iron ion complex is collected at regular intervals to obtain a divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L). measure. The divalent iron ion concentration is measured by a pack test test based on the O-phenanthroline colorimetric method. In addition, after measuring a divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L), it shall replace with new water.

As shown in FIG. 2, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) of the divalent iron ion complex diffused from the main body 2 is 1 day, 6 days, 35 days after and 142 days after the main body 2 is immersed in water. It became 2, 1, 1, 1 in the day later, respectively. A divalent iron ion concentration of 1 (mg / L) can sufficiently promote plant growth. Moreover, the main body 2 was maintained in the pellet form without the shape collapsing.
From the result of Experiment A, it is considered that the shape of the main body 2 is maintained by the agar. This is because, when a pellet-like body obtained by mixing a bran bed and cutting iron powder into a pellet is immersed in water, it is assumed that the pellet-like body is immediately dispersed.
And by maintaining the shape, the divalent iron ions eluted from the iron material 3 are prevented from changing to iron oxide by oxygen dissolved in the water, so that the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) is reduced. It is thought that it was measured. As a result, it can be interpreted that the diffusion of the divalent iron ion complex into the water from the main body 2 continues for a long period of 142 days.

  The main body 2 constituting the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 of the present embodiment can be manufactured from a readily available material such as bran bed, cutting iron powder, agar or the like by a simple process such as mixing and heating. In addition, the bran floor can be discarded after it is used at home or pickle factories, and can also be produced by putting lactic acid strains derived from plants into unfermented rice bran. is there. In addition, once agar that has gelled is solidified when dried, handling during transportation and storage is easy. Therefore, the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 can be easily and inexpensively introduced and used.

  Further, as can be seen from the results of Experiment A, the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 can generate divalent iron ions for a long period of about five months after the main body 2 is immersed in water. Since this divalent iron ion is thought to be chelated to a divalent iron ion complex by lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria, etc., when the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 is sprayed on the soil, It can be expected that it can be absorbed from the roots of plants over a long period without being oxidized by oxygen in the environment.

The land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a table showing the results of Experiment B for expressing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 2.
In Experiment B, Samples B-1 to B-4 are used. Each of Samples B-1 to B-4 is a mixture of bran bed 10 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, cutting iron powder 10 (g) as iron material 3, and a binder. It is formed into a pellet and then dried. Among these, each binder of sample B-1 thru | or B-4 is lignin sodium sulfonate (henceforth lignin) 0.01 (g), lignin 0.1 (g), bentonite 0.1 (g), respectively. Bentonite 1 (g). In order to eliminate the influence of agar, agar is not mixed with samples B-1 to B-4.
The divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was measured by the above-described pack test test at 0 days, 3 days, 11 days, and 28 days after the day each sample was immersed in water.
As shown in FIG. 3, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) of the divalent iron ion complex diffused from the samples B-1 to B-4 was 28 days after the day of immersing them in water, respectively. 1, 1, 1, 1. In addition, Samples B-1 to B-4 were maintained in a pellet shape without collapsing their shapes.

From the results of Experiment B, it can be interpreted that the binder is effective in maintaining the shapes of Samples B-1 to B-4.
Therefore, when the binder is mixed with the main body 2 of Example 1, it is presumed that the shape of the main body 2 can be maintained more firmly. The other operations and effects when the binder is mixed in the main body 2 of the first embodiment are presumed to be the same as those of the main body 2 according to the first embodiment.

A land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. Fig.4 (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the divalent iron ion supply body for land which concerns on Example 3, FIG.4 (b) is a BB arrow directional cross-sectional view in Fig.4 (a). FIG. 5A is a table showing the results of Experiment C1 for representing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 3. The same components as those described in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals in FIG. 4 and description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1 a according to the third embodiment includes a covering portion 5 that covers the main body 2 of the first embodiment.
The covering portion 5 contains agar which is a second shape holding material for holding the shape.

In the experiment C1, the sample C-1 is used as the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1a. This sample C-1 is dried as bran bed 6 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, iron powder 3 as cutting iron powder 14 (g), citric acid 2 (g), and first shape-retaining material. Using agar 2 (g) and water 100 (cc), pellet-like body Pc1 manufactured by the same manufacturing method as that of body 2 of Example 1 is 2 (wt%) of 40 to 45 (° C.). After being immersed in an agar liquid, it is dried. By immersing in this agar liquid and drying, the covering portion Hc1 made of agar is formed.
The divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was measured by the pack test test 3 to 187 days after the day of immersing Sample C-1 in water.
As shown in FIG. 5A, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) of the divalent iron ion complex diffused from the sample C-1 was 187 days after the day when the sample C-1 was immersed in water. It became 1. Moreover, the sample C-1 was maintained in the pellet form, without the shape collapsing.

  From the result of the experiment C1, the shape of the sample C-1 is maintained by the combination of the pellet-like body Pc1 and the covering portion Hc1. Therefore, the pellet-like body Pc1-1 is mixed more strongly by coating the pellet-like body Pc1-1 manufactured by the same method as that of the main body 2 of Example 1 by mixing the agar with the pellet-like body Pc1, with the covering portion Hc1. It is presumed that this shape retention can be realized. The other operations and effects when the pellet-like body Pc1-1 is covered with the covering portion Hc1 are assumed to be the same as those of the main body 2 according to the first embodiment.

A land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to a first modification of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 5B is a table showing the results of Experiment C2 for representing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to the first modification of Example 3.
In the experiment C2, samples C-2-1 to C-2-5 are used. The samples C-2-1 to C-2-5 have the same shape as the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1a, the bran bed 5 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, and the iron 3 As a cutting iron powder 5 (g) and a binder, the pellets Pc2-1 to Pc2-5, all of which were formed into pellets, were added to 3 (wt%) of 40 to 45 (° C) agar liquid. After being immersed, it is dried. By this immersion and drying in the agar liquid, the covering portion Hc2 made of agar is formed. The binders of Samples C-2-1 to C-2-5 are lignin 0.1 (g), lignin 1 (g), bentonite 0.1 (g), bentonite 0.5 (g), bentonite 1 respectively. (G). In order to eliminate the influence of agar, agar is not mixed with the pellets Pc2-1 to Pc2-5.
It was observed whether or not the shape of Samples C-2-1 to C-2-5 was maintained after 5 days from the date of immersion in water.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 5B, the samples C-2-1 to C-2-5 were maintained in a pellet shape without collapsing their shapes.

  From the result of the experiment C2, the shapes of the samples C-2-1 to C-2-5 are maintained by the combinations of the pellets Pc2-1 to Pc2-5 and the covering portion Hc2. Therefore, by covering the pellet bodies Pc2-1 ′ to Pc2-5 ′ obtained by adding agar to the pellet bodies Pc2-1 to Pc2-5 with the covering portions Hc2, respectively, the pellet bodies Pc2-1 are more firmly formed. It is presumed that shape retention of 'to Pc2-5' can be realized. Other operations and effects when the pellets Pc2-1 ′ to Pc2-5 ′ are covered with the covering portion Hc2 are the same as those of the main body 2 according to the first embodiment.

A land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to a second modification of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 5C is a table showing the results of Experiment C3 for representing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to the second modification of Example 3.
In the experiment C3, samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 are used. Each of Samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 has the same shape as the land-use divalent iron ion supplier 1a, and the bran bed 5 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, and the iron 3 As described above, the cutting iron powder 5 (g) and a binder are mixed, and the pellets Pc3-1 to Pc3-4, each of which is formed into a pellet, are coated with the covering portion Hc3.
The binders of the pellets Pc3-1 to Pc3-4 were lignin 1.0 (g), bentonite 1.0 (g), polyvinyl alcohol (commercially available Poval 2000) 3.0 (g), polyvinylpyrrolidone ( Stock solution (commercially available product) 1.0 (g). In order to eliminate the influence of agar, agar is not mixed with the pellets Pc3-1 to Pc3-4.

The covering portion Hc3 contains agar, which is a second shape holding material for holding the shape, a fungus inhibitor that inhibits the growth of bacteria in the soil, and a holding carrier that holds the fungus inhibitor. More specifically, the covering portion Hc3 includes dry agar 3 (g), wheat flour 2.5 (g), sugar 0.5 (g), yogurt 5 (g) containing lactic acid bacteria derived from animals, water, 100 (g).
That is, the fungus-suppressing material is an animal-derived lactic acid bacterium. Further, lactic acid produced by the decomposition of yogurt protein by this lactic acid bacterium is also included in the bacterium inhibitory material. Sugar is added as a nutrient for lactic acid bacteria. The holding carrier refers to flour and yogurt.

The covering portion Hc3 is formed by dissolving materials other than yogurt in water at 80 (° C.), cooling to 40 (° C.), and then mixing yogurt. Samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 are obtained by immersing the pellets Pc3-1 to Pc3-4 in the agar liquid serving as the covering portion Hc3, respectively, and then drying them.
The divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was measured by the above-mentioned pack test test after 7 days, 10 days, and 32 days from the day when the samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 were immersed in water. .
As shown in FIG. 5 (c), the divalent iron ion concentrations (mg / L) of Samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 were 5 days after 32 days from the day when they were immersed in water. 4, 3.7, 3.7, and 8. In addition, Samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 were maintained in a pellet shape without collapsing each shape.

From the result of the experiment C3, the shapes of the samples C-3-1 to C-3-4 are maintained by the combinations of the pellets Pc3-1 to Pc3-4 and the covering portion Hc3. Therefore, by covering the pellet bodies Pc3-1 ′ to Pc3-4 ′ obtained by adding agar to the pellet bodies Pc3-1 to Pc3-4 with the covering portions Hc3, respectively, the pellet bodies Pc3-1 are more firmly formed. It is presumed that shape retention of 'to Pc3-4' can be realized.
Moreover, since lactic acid is produced | generated in the coating | coated part Hc3, the growth of bacteria in soil is inhibited and it can suppress that bacteria in soil penetrate | invade into the pellet-like bodies Pc3-1 to Pc3-4, respectively. In addition, the lactic acid produced in the coating Hc3 chelates the divalent iron ions produced in the pellets Pc3-1 to Pc3-4 into a divalent iron ion complex, so that the plant has more It can be expected that divalent iron ions can be supplied. The other operations and effects when the pellets Pc3-1 ′ to Pc3-4 ′ are covered with the covering portion Hc3 are assumed to be the same as those of the main body 2 according to the first embodiment.

A land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a table showing the results of Experiment D for representing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 4.
In Experiment D, Sample D-1 is used as a land-use divalent iron ion supplier. Sample D-1 is obtained by coating the pellet-like body Pc1 in Example 3 with the coating layer Hd. The coating layer Hd is formed of a semipermeable membrane material that does not transmit the pellet-like body Pc1 and the covering portions Hc1 to HC3 and that selectively transmits water and a divalent iron ion complex. Specifically, the semipermeable membrane material is a solution (trade name Collodion) in which nitrocellulose having a concentration of 5 (% by weight) is dissolved in ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether.
This sample D-1 is prepared by immersing the pellet-like body Pc1 in Example 3 in collodion and then drying it.

The divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was measured by the above-described pack test from 3 days to 187 days after the day when sample D-1 was immersed in water.
As shown in FIG. 6A, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) of the divalent iron ion complex diffused from the sample D-1 was 187 days after the day when the sample D-1 was immersed in water. It became 1. Moreover, the sample D-1 was maintained in the pellet form, without the shape collapsing.

  From the result of Experiment D, the shape of the sample D-1 is maintained by the combination of the pellet-like body Pc1 and the coating layer Hd. Further, from the result of Experiment A of Example 1, it is presumed that the pellet-like body Pc1 containing agar can be maintained in shape by itself, so that the pellet-like body Pc1 is coated with the coating layer Hd, It is presumed that the shape retaining action is further strengthened. Moreover, since the coating layer Hd has a property of selectively permeating water and a divalent iron ion complex, it is possible to supply water to the pellet-like body Pc1 and to elute divalent iron ions from the cutting iron powder. In addition, it is also possible to permeate the divalent iron ion complex produced in the pellet-like body Pc1 and diffuse it into the soil. The other operations and effects when the pellet-like body Pc1 is coated with the coating layer Hd are assumed to be the same as those of the main body 2 according to the first embodiment.

A land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to a modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a table showing the results of Experiment E for representing the effect of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to the modification of Example 4.
Samples E-1 to E-4 used in Experiment E were each a bran bed 5 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, a mixture of cutting iron powder 5 (g) as the iron material 3, and a binder, All of them are formed into pellets and dried to produce pellets Pe1 to Pe4, which are further coated with the coating layer Hd in Example 4.
The binders of Samples E-1 to E-4 are lignin 1 (g), bentonite 1 (g), polyvinyl alcohol 1 (g), and flying powder 5 (g), respectively. In order to eliminate the influence of agar, none of the agar is mixed with the pellets Pe1 to Pe4.

The divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was measured by the above-described pack test test 3 to 46 days after the days when the samples E-1 to E-4 were immersed in water.
As shown in FIG. 7, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) of the divalent iron ion complex diffused from the samples E-1 to E-4 was obtained by immersing the samples E-1 to E-4 in water. Both became 1 after 46 days. In addition, Samples E-1 to E-4 were each maintained in a pellet shape without collapsing each shape.

  From the result of Experiment E, the shapes of the samples E-1 to E-4 are maintained by the combination of the pellets Pe1 to Pe4 not containing agar and the coating layer Hd. The other operations and effects when the pellets Pe1 to Pe4 are coated with the coating layer Hd are presumed to be the same as those of the sample D-1 according to Example 4.

A land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C are tables showing the results of Experiment F for representing the effects of the land-use divalent iron ion supplier according to Example 5. FIG.
In Experiment F, Samples F-1 and F-2 are used as land-use divalent iron ion suppliers. Samples F-1 and F-2 were dried as bran bed 5 (g) containing organic matter and salt-tolerant bacteria, cutting iron powder 5 (g) as iron material 3, binder, and first shape-retaining material, respectively. The pellets Pf1 and Pf2 manufactured by the same manufacturing method as the main body 2 of Example 1 using agar 2 (g) and water 100 (cc) were coated in the second modification of Example 3. The coating portion Hc3 is coated with the coating layer Hd in the fourth embodiment. The binders of Samples F-1 and F-2 are lignin 1.0 (g) and bentonite 1.0 (g), respectively.

  Sample F-3 was prepared as a comparative example of samples F-1 and F-2. In this sample F-3, the pelletized body Pf3 produced by mixing rice bran 5 (g) not containing lactic acid bacteria and the like and the cutting iron powder 5 (g) is the covering portion Hc1 made of agar of Example 3. The coated portion Hc1 is coated with the coating layer Hd in Example 4. That is, since sample F-3 does not contain plant-derived lactic acid bacteria or the like and animal-derived lactic acid bacteria, although divalent iron ions are produced, lactic acid or the like produced by plant-derived lactic acid bacteria or the like, or animal-derived lactic acid bacteria A divalent iron ion complex having the lactic acid produced as a ligand is not produced.

The completed samples F-1 and F-2 are immersed in an alkaline solution so that the whole is covered. This alkaline solution assumes a state in which lime content is excessively present in the soil. Specifically, the alkaline solution is prepared by dissolving 0.15 (g) calcium hydroxide in 100 (g) water and adjusting the pH (hydrogen ion index) to 8 to 8.5. .
Among these, in sample F-1, the divalent iron ion complex produced | generated in pellet-like body Pf1 and coating | coated part Hc3 permeate | transmits coating | coated part Hc1 because sample F-1 was immersed in the alkaline solution. Diffused into alkaline solution. However, in the diffused divalent iron ion complex, there is a possibility that the organic acid as the ligand is neutralized by the alkaline solution and returned to the divalent iron ion. In this case, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) in the alkaline solution is predicted to be below the detection limit. The same applies to Sample F-2. Therefore, by measuring the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) in the alkaline solution over time, the samples F-1 and F-2 can continuously diffuse the divalent iron ion complex in the alkaline solution. We will check if there is any.

In Experiment F, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was measured by the above-described pack test test from 1 day to 5 days after the day when the samples F-1 and F-2 were immersed in the alkaline solution. . Also about the sample F-3 of the comparative example, this was immersed in the alkaline solution so that the whole might be covered, and the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was similarly measured over time.
As shown in FIG. 8A, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) of the divalent iron ion complex diffused from the sample F-1 is one day after the day when the sample F-1 is immersed in an alkaline solution. After 4 days and 5 days, the values were 1.92, 3.30, and 2.10. Moreover, the sample F-1 was maintained in the pellet form without collapsing, and the state of the alkaline solution was also “no turbidity”.
As shown in FIG. 8 (b), also in the sample F-2, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) was 1 day, 4 days, and 5 days after the day when the sample F-2 was immersed in the alkaline solution. And 1.01, 1.80, and 1.00, respectively, and the shape of the sample F-2 was maintained in a pellet shape, and the alkaline solution was also “no turbidity”.
On the other hand, the sample F-3 had a divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) that was below the detection limit, even though its shape did not collapse one day after the day of immersion in the alkaline solution.

Further, paying attention to the change in pH, the pH of the sample F-1 was 8.5, 6.5, 6 after 1 day, 4 days, and 5 days from the day when the sample F-1 was immersed in the alkaline solution, respectively. .7 and changed from weakly alkaline to neutral. The pH of sample F-2 was 8.5, 7.0, 7.0 after 1 day, 4 days, and 5 days from the day when sample F-2 was immersed in the alkaline solution, respectively. Changed to neutral.
On the other hand, Sample F-3 had a pH of 8.5 after 1 day from the day of immersion in the alkaline solution, and remained weakly alkaline from the beginning of the adjustment.
As described above, in Samples F-1 and F-2, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) increases and the pH also decreases. This result shows that while the production of a divalent iron ion complex proceeds with lactic acid produced by active activities such as lactic acid bacteria, a ligand such as lactic acid constituting the produced divalent iron ion complex and an alkaline solution This shows the fact that the neutralization reaction is proceeding.
In particular, the decrease in pH is a result of the structure in which the land-use divalent iron ion supplier contains organic matter, iron material, lactic acid bacteria, and the like. As a result of this decrease in pH, when the terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier is sprayed on soil containing excessive lime content, it is different from the effect of the conventional technology that the alkaline environment changes to the neutral environment. It is expected that an excellent effect will be exhibited. At the same time, this effect proves that the terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier of the present invention is a fertilizer having a specific structure containing lactic acid bacteria and the like.
On the other hand, in sample F-3, since a divalent iron ion complex is not generated, the above neutralization reaction does not occur.

From the results of Experiment F, it can be seen that Samples F-1 and F-2 maintain their respective shapes and can continuously diffuse the divalent iron ion complex even in the alkaline solution. In Samples F-1 and F-2, the lactic acid bacteria and the like contained in the pellets Pf1 and Pf2 and the lactic acid bacteria contained in the covering part Hc3 can operate even in an alkaline environment of pH 8 to 8.5. Therefore, it is considered that the organic matter can be continuously decomposed. That is, even if the organic acid which is a ligand of the divalent iron ion complex is neutralized and the divalent iron ion is changed to Fe ₂ O ₃ and the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) is reduced, the pellet This is probably because divalent iron ion complexes are successively generated in the bodies Pf1, Pf2 and the covering portion Hc3, so that the reduced divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) can be compensated.
This is strongly supported by the fact that in Sample F-3 in which no divalent iron ion complex is formed, the divalent iron ion concentration (mg / L) is below the detection limit.
As mentioned above, according to the divalent iron ion supplier for land of the present invention, even in an alkaline environment due to excess calcium in the soil, divalent iron ions can be supplied to plants continuously for a long time. Other operations and effects when the pellets Pf1 and Pf2 are coated with the coating layer Hc3 and the coating layer Hc3 is coated with the coating layer Hd are assumed to be the same as those of the main body 2 according to the first embodiment. Is done.

The land-use divalent iron ion supplier of the present invention is not limited to those shown in Examples 1 to 5. For example, as the salt, potassium chloride may be used in addition to sodium chloride. Further, mannan or starch may be used instead of agar.
Further, the coating layer Hd made of a semipermeable membrane material is provided on the surface of the covering portion when the covering portion of Example 3 covers the pellet-like body instead of being provided on the surface of the pellet-like body in Example 4. May be.
Furthermore, the combination of the bacteria-suppressing material and the supporting carrier in the covering portion may use lactic acid bacteria and fallen leaves, leftover rice, flying powder, fish or livestock meat, salt, agar, and water-absorbing polymer instead of lactic acid bacteria and yogurt. . As this water-absorbing polymer, for example, sodium polyacrylate can be considered.
In addition, carboxymethyl cellulose may be used as the coating layer Hd. In addition, as the iron material, a material obtained by pulverizing a scale sludge, a tape-shaped end material of a thin steel plate, etc. into a fine size may be used. Further, the main body 2 is covered with the covering portion of the third embodiment, and the covering portion Hd is provided between the main body 2 and the covering portion or the surface of the covering portion, or between the main body 2 and the covering portion and on the surface of the covering portion. The combination of the arrangement of the main body 2, the covering portion, and the coating layer Hd may be a combination other than that shown in the embodiments.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier that promotes plant growth by supplying divalent iron ions on land continuously for a long period of time.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1a ... Divalent iron ion supply body for land 2 ... Main body 3 ... Iron material 4 ... Mixture 5 ... Covering part

Claims (4)

On land, a divalent iron ion supplier for land that supplies divalent iron ions to promote plant growth,
A main body for supplying the divalent iron ions ;
A covering portion covering the main body ;
The main body contains a first shape-retaining material for retaining its shape, an organic substance, an iron material, a salt, and a salt-tolerant bacterium that decomposes the organic substance in the presence of the salt to produce an organic acid. It is,
The covering portion contains a second shape holding material for holding the shape, a fungus inhibitor that inhibits the growth of bacteria in the soil, and a holding carrier that holds the fungus inhibitor. Land-use divalent iron ion supplier.   The divalent iron ion supplier for land according to claim 1, wherein the main body is mixed with a binder. At least one of the main body and the covering portion is coated with a coating layer,
2. The coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer is formed of a semipermeable membrane material that does not transmit the main body and the coating portion and selectively transmits water and a divalent iron ion complex. The divalent iron ion supplier for land according to claim 2. The terrestrial divalent iron ion supplier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the salt-tolerant bacterium is at least one selected from lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, and yeast. .

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