JP6196446B2 - オーダメードの外科用ガイドとその製造および使用方法 - Google Patents
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- A61B17/14—Surgical saws ; Accessories therefor
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Description
ほとんどの骨や関節の形成、置換および/又は修復の外科手術処置において、骨や関節は人工装具のインプラントによって置換される。関節形成処置の主目的は、(関節炎の)痛みを緩和すること、又は例えば外傷から生じる重大な身体の関節の損傷を修復することである。人工装具が役に立たないときには、修正関節形成術が実行される。使用できる骨の在庫品がほとんどなく、また、接着セメントや人工装具部品の除去が骨の骨折や穿孔につながることがあるので、この処置は最初の処置よりも技術的に難しく、時間がかかる上、その結果が満足できないことが多い。度重なる関節修正により、感染症の危険や症状に基づく人工装具のゆるみが、実質的に増加することがある。人々が高齢化し、患者は若い年齢で人口装具を受け入れるので、修正の外科手術は頻繁に行われるようになってきている。
この発明は、患者特有の骨インプラント用のオーダメード(customized)の外科用ガイドに関し、その外科用ガイドは、骨インプラントの正確な固定と同様に骨の中への手術器具の安定した案内を保証する。外科用骨ガイドと同じように、骨の1つ以上の患者特有の表面に搭載される代わりに、この発明のガイドは、最終的な患者特有の骨インプラント上に直接設置される。これは、オーダメードの外科用ガイドと患者特有の骨インプラントの1つ以上の表面構造との間の特定の嵌合(fit)によって、および/又は患者特有の部位および案内要素の方向とによって保証される。この発明によるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを使用する時に、患者特有のインプラントは、骨の上の最終的で正しい位置に直接設置され、オーダメードの骨ガイドを使用するときによく問題になる、下穴の穿孔又は他の予備作業後の不正確な再挿入を回避する。従って、この発明によるオーダメードのガイドは、骨および/又は(複雑な)関節形成において使用される公知の外科用ガイドと比較して、骨の上にインプラントをさらに正しく正確に固定することができる。
−ねじの経路の交差しないドリル方向の最適数を得ること、
−前記ねじの経路が最適な利用可能な品質で骨体積を貫通することを保証すること、
−最適なねじの経路の長さを保証すること、および
−周辺の健全な柔軟組織が最適に保護されることを保証すること。
特別な実施形態において、ねじの経路が最適な利用可能な特質を有する骨の体積を貫通することを保証する工程は、医療画像のグレー値(grey values)から決定される。
(a)この発明によるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを患者特有の骨インプラントの上に設置し、
(b)適当な外科用具によってねじ経路を導入し、
(c)前記オーダメードの外科用ガイドを除去し、
(d)患者特有の骨インプラントを骨にねじで固定する、工程を備え、
前記方法の工程(d)が工程(c)の前か後、または前後で行われる、患者特有の骨インプラントを骨に固定する方法を提供する。
この発明は特定の実施形態に関して説明されるが、この発明はそれに限定されることはなく、ただ特許請求の範囲によってのみ限定される。特許請求の範囲におけるいかなる符号もその範囲を限定するように解釈されるべきではない。
(a)・骨とその上の患者特有の骨インプラントの画像;
・予備作動計画によって決定される1つ以上のねじの挿入;
に基づいて、1つ以上のオーダメードの案内要素と1つ以上のオーダメードの表面構造を備えるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを設計し、
(b)工程(a)において得られた設計に基づいて、前記オーダメードの外科用ガイドを付加される製造技術により作製し、
・前記ガイドの1つ以上の案内要素は、予め作動的に計画されたねじの経路に対応して配置され、
・前記ガイドの1つ以上のオーダメードの表面構造は、前記オーダメードの表面構造と前記患者特有の骨インプラントとの間の適合性により、患者特有の骨インプラントと前記ガイドとの間の唯一の嵌合を保証する。
(a)骨と、その上の患者特有のインプラントとの画像を得る工程と、
(b)計画を用いて1つ以上のねじ挿入を決定する工程と、
(c)・案内要素が予め決定されたねじ経路に対応して配置され、
・1つ以上の表面構造が1つ以上の案内要素に接続する支持構造を備えて患者特有の骨インプラントの上に同時に嵌合するように、オーダメードの外科用ガイドを設計し、
(d)工程(c)において提供される情報に基づいて前記オーダメードの外科用ガイドを作製する工程、
を備える。
・ねじの軌道用の最適な数の非交差のドリルの方向を得ること;
・ねじの軌道が最適な利用可能な質を有する骨体積を介して走ることを保証すること;
・最適なねじの軌道長さを保証すること;および
・周りの健康な柔軟組織が最適に保持されることを保証すること。
(a)この発明によるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを人体に設けられる患者特有の骨インプラントの上に設置し、
(b)ねじの経路に適当な手術用具を導き、
(c)オーダメードの外科用ガイドを除去し、
(d)骨の上にねじで患者特有の骨インプラントを固定する、工程を備える。
(2)患者特有の寛骨臼インプラント
(3)この発明の特定の実施形態によるオーダメードの外科用ガイド
(4)ドリル方向、つまりねじの経路
(5)この発明の特定の実施形態による、患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼リムに特に嵌合するように設計された中央(連結)リング構造
(6)ロック機構(例えば、中央リング構造(5)の)
(7)、(8)、(9)1つ以上の表面構造
(10)、(11)1つ以上の案内要素
(12)インプラントねじ穴
(13)患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼リム
(14)患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼部分によって形成される穴
(15)まっすぐ、又は斜め、又は複雑な形状のカットによって整形された円筒形案内要素の端部
(16)円筒形の案内要素の延長部分
(17)、(18)、(19)寛骨臼インプラントの外部表面上の患者特有の領域
(20)円盤形可視基準リング
(21)橋絡要素
(22)外科的相互作用を行うために可視基準として働く羽要素
(23)縦方向に二等分された円筒形案内要素
Claims (12)
- −骨の原物の構造上の特徴を少なくとも部分的に模倣し、そして/又は、前記特徴を機能的に置換する患者特有の外部形態を有する骨のインプラントと、
−前記骨のインプラント上に設置するための、手術器具用の外科用ガイドと
を結合させ、
前記外科用ガイドが、
(i)インプラントの患者特有の外部形態の少なくとも一部を覆って延びる1つ以上の表面構造と、
(ii)複数の案内要素と
を備えると共に、
(iii)前記案内要素と前記1つ以上の表面構造とを接続する接続構造
を選択的に備え、
前記外科用ガイドと前記骨のインプラントとが嵌合によって噛み合い、
前記嵌合が、
(a)前記骨のインプラントの前記患者特有の外部形態と前記表面構造の少なくとも1つとの間の一致により、
行われる結合体。 - 前記嵌合が、
(a)前記骨のインプラントの前記患者特有の外部形態と前記表面構造の少なくとも1つとの間の一致により、
および、
(b)前記表面構造の上、前記案内要素の上、又は前記接続構造の上に設けられ、外科用ガイドを患者特有のインプラントへロックするように働く1つ以上のロック機構により、行われる請求項1に記載の結合体。 - 前記外科用ガイドは、案内要素の位置と方位に基づいて骨のインプラントの上の1つの位置にのみ嵌合するように配置される請求項1又は2記載の結合体。
- 前記外科用ガイドが、外科的な相互作用を行うために可視基準として働く要素をさらに備える請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の結合体。
- 前記1つ以上の案内要素が穿孔案内要素を備える請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の結合体。
- 前記案内要素が切削案内要素を備える請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の結合体。
- 1つ以上の切削又は穿孔案内要素が、切削ストッパー又は穿孔ストッパーをさらに備える請求項5又は6に記載の結合体。
- 前記患者特有の骨のインプラントが寛骨臼インプラントであり、
(i)前記接続構造がリング構造で、前記寛骨臼インプラントの寛骨臼リムに嵌合し、
(ii)前記外科用ガイドと前記患者特有の寛骨臼インプラントとが、前記寛骨臼インプラントの前記患者特有の外部形態と、前記1つ以上の表面構造の少なくとも1つとの間の一致によって保証される嵌合で噛み合う、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の結合体。 - 外科用ガイドの患者特有のインプラントとの特有のかみ合わせを行う前記1つ以上のロック機構が、案内要素の延長部分である請求項2に記載の結合体。
- 前記1つ以上のロック機構は、所定のねじの挿入に対応して、患者特有のインプラントの穴に嵌入される請求項9の結合体。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の結合体を製造する方法であって、
(a)骨の原物の構造上の特徴を少なくとも部分的に模倣し、そして/又は、前記特徴を機能的に置換する患者特有の外部形態を有する骨のインプラントを用意し、
(b)−骨と骨の上の患者特有の骨のインプラントの画像と、
−手術前の立案によって決定される1つ以上のねじの挿入と
に基づいて、1つ以上の案内要素と1つ以上の表面構造を備える外科用ガイドを設計し、
(c)(i)インプラントの患者特有の外部形態の少なくとも一部を覆って延びる1つ以上の表面構造と、
(ii)1つ以上の案内要素とを備えると共に、
(iii)前記案内要素と前記1つ以上の表面構造とを接続する接続構造
を選択的に備える前記外科用ガイドを、工程(b)で得られた設計に基づいて製造する、製造方法。 - 手術前の立案によって1つ以上のねじの軌道を決定する前記工程は、
−ねじの軌道用の最適な数の非交差穿孔の方向を決定すること、
−前記ねじの軌道が最適な利用可能な特性によって骨の体積を貫通することを決定すること、
−最適なねじの軌道長さを決定すること、および
−周囲の柔軟な組織を保持すること、
という基準の1つ以上を考慮することを含む請求項11記載の方法。
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BE1019821A3 (nl) | 2013-01-08 |
EP3251619A3 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
EP3251619A2 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
US20120289965A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
EP2853206A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
EP4233739A2 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
AU2010338263A2 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
JP6985041B2 (ja) | 2021-12-22 |
EP2519165A1 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
GB0922640D0 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
WO2011080260A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
PL2853206T3 (pl) | 2024-01-29 |
AU2010338263A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
AU2010338263B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
EP2853206C0 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
PL3251619T3 (pl) | 2024-02-05 |
JP2013515578A (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
CA2782117C (en) | 2018-09-11 |
EP3251619C0 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
EP4233739A3 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
DK2519165T3 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
US9808261B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
EP2853206B1 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
CA2782117A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
EP2519165B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP3251619B1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
JP2017196486A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
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