JP2017196486A - インプラントと外科用ガイドとの結合体および外科用ガイドの製造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】骨のインプラント2と、その骨のインプラント上に嵌合によって設置される手術器具用の外科用ガイド3との結合体であって、外科用ガイドは、手術器具用の1つ以上の案内要素と、インプラントとの嵌合を確実にする表面または部分と、設置時に、骨に接触して骨に支持され、骨の表面部分と明確に噛み合う表面または部分を備える結合体。
【選択図】図2C
Description
ほとんどの骨や関節の形成、置換および/又は修復の外科手術処置において、骨や関節は人工装具のインプラントによって置換される。関節形成処置の主目的は、(関節炎の)痛みを緩和すること、又は例えば外傷から生じる重大な身体の関節の損傷を修復することである。人工装具が役に立たないときには、修正関節形成術が実行される。使用できる骨の在庫品がほとんどなく、また、接着セメントや人工装具部品の除去が骨の骨折や穿孔につながることがあるので、この処置は最初の処置よりも技術的に難しく、時間がかかる上、その結果が満足できないことが多い。度重なる関節修正により、感染症の危険や症状に基づく人工装具のゆるみが、実質的に増加することがある。人々が高齢化し、患者は若い年齢で人口装具を受け入れるので、修正の外科手術は頻繁に行われるようになってきている。
この発明は、患者特有の骨インプラント用のオーダメード(customized)の外科用ガイドに関し、その外科用ガイドは、骨インプラントの正確な固定と同様に骨の中への手術器具の安定した案内を保証する。外科用骨ガイドと同じように、骨の1つ以上の患者特有の表面に搭載される代わりに、この発明のガイドは、最終的な患者特有の骨インプラント上に直接設置される。これは、オーダメードの外科用ガイドと患者特有の骨インプラントの1つ以上の表面構造との間の特定の嵌合(fit)によって、および/又は患者特有の部位および案内要素の方向とによって保証される。この発明によるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを使用する時に、患者特有のインプラントは、骨の上の最終的で正しい位置に直接設置され、オーダメードの骨ガイドを使用するときによく問題になる、下穴の穿孔又は他の予備作業後の不正確な再挿入を回避する。従って、この発明によるオーダメードのガイドは、骨および/又は(複雑な)関節形成において使用される公知の外科用ガイドと比較して、骨の上にインプラントをさらに正しく正確に固定することができる。
−ねじの経路の交差しないドリル方向の最適数を得ること、
−前記ねじの経路が最適な利用可能な品質で骨体積を貫通することを保証すること、
−最適なねじの経路の長さを保証すること、および
−周辺の健全な柔軟組織が最適に保護されることを保証すること。
特別な実施形態において、ねじの経路が最適な利用可能な特質を有する骨の体積を貫通することを保証する工程は、医療画像のグレー値(grey values)から決定される。
(a)この発明によるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを患者特有の骨インプラントの上に設置し、
(b)適当な外科用具によってねじ経路を導入し、
(c)前記オーダメードの外科用ガイドを除去し、
(d)患者特有の骨インプラントを骨にねじで固定する、工程を備え、
前記方法の工程(d)が工程(c)の前か後、または前後で行われる、患者特有の骨インプラントを骨に固定する方法を提供する。
この発明は特定の実施形態に関して説明されるが、この発明はそれに限定されることはなく、ただ特許請求の範囲によってのみ限定される。特許請求の範囲におけるいかなる符号もその範囲を限定するように解釈されるべきではない。
はそのリング構造の上に設置されて患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼リムにインターロックを保証することができる。しかし、上述のように、特別の実施形態において、この発明の外科用ガイドはロック機構を備えず、とくに、接続構造上にロック機構を備えていない。
(a)・骨とその上の患者特有の骨インプラントの画像;
・予備作動計画によって決定される1つ以上のねじの挿入;
に基づいて、1つ以上のオーダメードの案内要素と1つ以上のオーダメードの表面構造を備えるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを設計し、
(b)工程(a)において得られた設計に基づいて、前記オーダメードの外科用ガイドを付加される製造技術により作製し、
・前記ガイドの1つ以上の案内要素は、予め作動的に計画されたねじの経路に対応して配置され、
・前記ガイドの1つ以上のオーダメードの表面構造は、前記オーダメードの表面構造と前記患者特有の骨インプラントとの間の適合性により、患者特有の骨インプラントと前記ガイドとの間の唯一の嵌合を保証する。
(a)骨と、その上の患者特有のインプラントとの画像を得る工程と、
(b)計画を用いて1つ以上のねじ挿入を決定する工程と、
(c)・案内要素が予め決定されたねじ経路に対応して配置され、
・1つ以上の表面構造が1つ以上の案内要素に接続する支持構造を備えて患者特有の骨インプラントの上に同時に嵌合するように、オーダメードの外科用ガイドを設計し、(d)工程(c)において提供される情報に基づいて前記オーダメードの外科用ガイドを作製する工程、
を備える。
・ねじの軌道が最適な利用可能な質を有する骨体積を介して走ることを保証すること;
・最適なねじの軌道長さを保証すること;および
・周りの健康な柔軟組織が最適に保持されることを保証すること。
(a)この発明によるオーダメードの外科用ガイドを人体に設けられる患者特有の骨インプラントの上に設置し、
(b)ねじの経路に適当な手術用具を導き、
(c)オーダメードの外科用ガイドを除去し、
(d)骨の上にねじで患者特有の骨インプラントを固定する、工程を備える。
(2)患者特有の寛骨臼インプラント
(3)この発明の特定の実施形態によるオーダメードの外科用ガイド
(4)ドリル方向、つまりねじの経路
(5)この発明の特定の実施形態による、患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼リムに特に嵌合するように設計された中央(連結)リング構造
(6)ロック機構(例えば、中央リング構造(5)の)
(7)、(8)、(9)1つ以上の表面構造
(10)、(11)1つ以上の案内要素
(12)インプラントねじ穴
(13)患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼リム
(14)患者特有のインプラントの寛骨臼部分によって形成される穴
(15)まっすぐ、又は斜め、又は複雑な形状のカットによって整形された円筒形案内要素の端部
(16)円筒形の案内要素の延長部分
(17)、(18)、(19)寛骨臼インプラントの外部表面上の患者特有の領域
(20)円盤形可視基準リング
(21)橋絡要素
(22)外科的相互作用を行うために可視基準として働く羽要素
(23)縦方向に二等分された円筒形案内要素
Claims (15)
- 骨のインプラントと、その骨のインプラント上に独特の嵌合によって設置される手術器具用のオーダーメードで作成された外科用ガイドとの結合体であって、前記外科用ガイドは、
・ 前記手術器具用の1つ以上のオーダーメードで作成された案内要素と、
・ 前記インプラントとの独特な嵌合を確実にする表面または部分と、
・ 設置時に、骨に接触して骨に支持され、骨の表面部分と明確に噛み合う表面または部分
を備える結合体。 - 前記外科用ガイドと前記骨のインプラントとは、独特な嵌合によって結合し、その結合が、前記外科用ガイドと、前記インプラントの1つ以上の表面構造との間の合致によって確実にされる請求項1に記載の結合体。
- 前記骨のインプラントが、患者特有の骨の人工装具である請求項1又は2に記載の結合体。
- 前記骨のインプラントが、寛骨臼インプラント、関節窩インプラント、撓骨手根骨インプラント、腕尺骨インプラント、大腿膝蓋骨又は大腿脛骨インプラント、あるいは距腿インプラントである請求項3に記載の結合体。
- 前記1つ以上の案内要素が穿孔案内要素及び/又は切削案内要素を備える請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の結合体。
- 1つ以上の切削又は穿孔案内要素が、切削ストッパー又は穿孔ストッパーをさらに備える請求項5に記載の結合体。
- 前記外科用ガイドが、外科的な相互作用を行うために可視基準として働く要素をさらに備える請求項1〜6のいずれか1つに記載の結合体。
- 骨のインプラントの上に設置される手術器具用のオーダーメードで作成された外科用ガイドを製造する方法であって、工程(a)と(b)を備え、
工程(a)は、
・ 1つ以上のオーダーメードで作成された案内要素と、
・ 前記インプラントとの独特な嵌合を確実にする表面または部分と、
・ 設置時に、骨に接触して骨に支持され、骨の表面部分と明確に噛み合う表面または部分と、
を備えるオーダーメードで作成された外科用ガイドを、骨の画像と、骨上の骨のインプラントの画像とに基づいて設計する工程であり、
工程(b)は、
工程(a)で得られる設計に基づいて前記外科用ガイドを製造する工程である方法。 - 前記外科用ガイドは、手術前の立案によって決定される1つ以上のねじの挿入に基づいてさらに設計され、前記外科用ガイドの前記1つ以上の案内要素は、前記1つ以上の手術前に立案されたねじの挿入に対応して位置決めされる請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記設計する工程が、少なくとも1つのロック機構を設計する工程をさらに備え、前記ガイドの前記少なくとも1つのロック機構は、前記外科用ガイドの、前記インプラントとのぴったりした噛み合いを確実にし、それによって患者特有の骨のインプラントと前記外科用ガイドとの間の独特な嵌合を確実にする請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
- 前記ロック機構の少なくとも1つは、案内要素の延長部分である請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記外科用ガイドと骨のインプラントは独特な嵌合によって結合し、その結合は前記外科用ガイドと、前記インプラントの1つ以上の表面構造との間の合致によって確実にされる請求項8〜11のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 立案を用いて1つ以上のねじの軌道を決定する前記工程は、
・ ねじの軌道用の最適な数の非交差穿孔の方向を獲得すること、
・ 前記ねじの軌道が最適な利用可能な特性によって骨の体積を貫通することを確実にすること、
・ 最適なねじの軌道長さを確実にすること、および
・ 周辺の健康で柔軟な組織が最適に保持されることを確実にすること、
という基準の1つ以上を考慮することを含む請求項8〜12のいずれか1つに記載の方法。 - 前記外科用ガイドは、付加製造によって作られる請求項8〜13のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記骨のインプラントは、患者特有の骨の人工装具である請求項8〜14のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
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EP2519165A1 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
EP2519165B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP3251619B1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
CA2782117C (en) | 2018-09-11 |
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EP2853206B1 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
WO2011080260A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
PL2853206T3 (pl) | 2024-01-29 |
JP6985041B2 (ja) | 2021-12-22 |
AU2010338263B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
EP3251619C0 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
BE1019821A3 (nl) | 2013-01-08 |
PL3251619T3 (pl) | 2024-02-05 |
DK2519165T3 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
AU2010338263A2 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
JP6196446B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
EP4233739A2 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
GB0922640D0 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
EP2853206A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2853206C0 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
CA2782117A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
US9808261B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
EP3251619A3 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
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