JP6185708B2 - Anaerobic wastewater treatment method - Google Patents

Anaerobic wastewater treatment method Download PDF

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JP6185708B2
JP6185708B2 JP2012254969A JP2012254969A JP6185708B2 JP 6185708 B2 JP6185708 B2 JP 6185708B2 JP 2012254969 A JP2012254969 A JP 2012254969A JP 2012254969 A JP2012254969 A JP 2012254969A JP 6185708 B2 JP6185708 B2 JP 6185708B2
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reaction tank
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granules
uasb
methane
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JP2014100678A (en
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美佐 馬場
美佐 馬場
藤井　弘明
弘明 藤井
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Description

本発明は有機性排水を上向流で通水して嫌気性処理を行なうＵＡＳＢ（Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket：上向流嫌気性スラッジブランケット）法またはこのＵＡＳＢ法を発展させたものとして、高さの高い反応槽を用いてさらに高流速で通水し、高負荷で嫌気性処理を行うＥＧＳＢ（Expanded Granule Sludge Blanket）法において、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されている場合に、反応槽内のメタン菌を維持させ、能力を安定化させる方法に関する。   The present invention is based on the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) method in which organic wastewater is passed in an upward flow to perform anaerobic treatment, or as an extension of this UASB method, In the EGSB (Expanded Granule Sludge Blanket) method, which uses a high reaction tank to pass water at a higher flow rate and performs anaerobic treatment with high load, raw water conditions and operation are difficult to form methane bacteria granules and / or are easy to dismantle The present invention relates to a method for maintaining methane bacteria in a reaction tank and stabilizing the capacity when operated under conditions.

有機物を含有する排水（有機性排水）の処理方法として、メタンガスの回収、再利用が可能な嫌気処理法は、広く産業排水の処理方法として用いられている。なかでも沈降性良好なグラニュール形成し、有機性排水を上向流で通水し、高負荷高速処理を行うＵＡＳＢ（Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket：上向流嫌気性スラッジブランケット）法は、特に中〜高濃度排水を処理する方法として発展してきた。また、このＵＡＳＢ法を発展させたものとして、高さの高い反応槽を用いてさらに高流速で通水し、高負荷で嫌気性処理を行うＥＧＳＢ（Expanded Granule Sludge Blanket）法も実用化されている。   As a method for treating wastewater containing organic matter (organic wastewater), an anaerobic treatment method capable of collecting and reusing methane gas is widely used as a method for treating industrial wastewater. Among them, the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) method, which forms granules with good sedimentation, passes organic wastewater in an upward flow, and performs high-load high-speed treatment, is particularly medium- It has been developed as a method for treating highly concentrated wastewater. As an extension of the UASB method, the EGSB (Expanded Granule Sludge Blanket) method, which uses a high-height reaction tank to pass water at a higher flow rate and performs anaerobic treatment with a high load, has also been put to practical use. Yes.

ＵＡＳＢ法やＥＧＳＢ法においてはメタン菌が良好なグラニュールを形成させることが重要で、グラニュールが形成されなければ上向流とともにメタン菌が流出し、排水処理能力を失ってしまう。   In the UASB method and the EGSB method, it is important that the methane bacterium forms a good granule. If the granule is not formed, the methane bacterium flows out together with the upward flow and loses the wastewater treatment capacity.

原水の種類や運転条件によって、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい場合があり、そのような場合には流出したメタン菌を補うために定期的にグラニュールを別のＵＡＳＢ法やＥＧＳＢ法が適用されている反応槽から運搬し補充する必要があった。   Depending on the type of raw water and the operating conditions, methane bacteria granules may be difficult to form and / or easy to dismantle. In such cases, the granule is periodically separated by another UASB method to make up for the outflowing methane bacteria. It was necessary to transport and replenish from the reaction tank to which the EGSB method was applied.

特許文献１には、ＵＡＳＢ法において、スタートアップ時に反応槽より流出した汚泥を後段に設置した担体カラム内に充填した担体に付着させ、これを前段の反応槽に返送することにより、ＵＡＳＢ法の最大の課題であったスタートアップ期間の短縮を図る旨が記載されているが、ＵＡＳＢ法が適用されている反応槽に担体を添加して処理能力を安定化させることは記載されていない。   In Patent Document 1, in the UASB method, the sludge that flows out from the reaction tank at the time of start-up is attached to the support packed in the support column installed in the latter stage, and this is returned to the previous reaction tank, so that the maximum of the UASB process is achieved. However, there is no description of stabilizing the processing capacity by adding a carrier to a reaction tank to which the UASB method is applied.

特開平０３−１０９９９８JP 03-109998

本発明は、ＵＡＳＢ法、ＥＧＳＢ法において、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されている場合に、反応槽内のメタン菌を維持させ、能力を安定化させる方法を提供することを課題とする。   In the UASB method and EGSB method, when the methane bacterium granules are hardly formed and / or operated under raw water conditions or operating conditions that are easy to dismantle, the methane bacterium in the reaction tank is maintained and the ability is improved. It is an object to provide a method for stabilization.

本発明者らは、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、ＵＡＳＢ法またはＥＧＳＢ法において、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されている場合に、担体を添加し、効率よくメタン菌を増殖させる運転条件を採用することにより、上記課題を解決することができることを見出した。   As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors added a carrier when the UASB method or the EGSB method is operated under raw water conditions or operating conditions in which methane bacteria granules are difficult to form and / or easily dismantle. And it discovered that the said subject could be solved by employ | adopting the driving | running condition which proliferates methane bacteria efficiently.

本発明について、以下具体的に説明する。   The present invention will be specifically described below.

［１］有機性排水を上向流で通水して嫌気性処理を行なう嫌気性排水処理方法において、メタン菌グラニュールが初期投入されすでに運転されている反応槽に、ポリビニルアルコール系担体を後添加することを特徴とする有機性排水の処理方法。 [1] and passed through an organic waste water by upflow in anaerobic waste water treatment method for performing an anaerobic treatment, the reaction vessel methanobacteria granules are initially introduced it is already operating, after a polyvinyl alcohol type carrier An organic wastewater treatment method comprising adding the organic wastewater.

［２］前記ポリビニルアルコール系担体の平均粒径が１〜１０ｍｍである、［１］に記載の有機性排水の処理方法。 [2] The organic wastewater treatment method according to [1], wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based carrier has an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 mm .

ＵＡＳＢ法やＥＧＳＢ法においてはメタン菌が良好なグラニュールを形成させることが重要で、グラニュールが形成されなければ上向流とともにメタン菌が流出し、排水処理能力を失ってしまう。原水の種類や運転条件によって、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい場合があり、従来、そのような場合には流出したメタン菌を補うために定期的にグラニュールを別のＵＡＳＢ法やＥＧＳＢ法が適用されている反応槽から運搬し補充しながら運転していた。   In the UASB method and the EGSB method, it is important that the methane bacterium forms a good granule. If the granule is not formed, the methane bacterium flows out together with the upward flow and loses the wastewater treatment capacity. Depending on the type of raw water and operating conditions, methane bacteria granules may be difficult to form and / or easily dismantled. It was operated while being transported and replenished from a reaction tank to which the UASB method or the EGSB method was applied.

本発明によれば、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されているＵＡＳＢ法またはＥＧＳＢ法が適用されている反応槽に担体を添加することにより反応槽内のメタン菌を維持させ、能力を安定化させることができる。   According to the present invention, the reaction can be achieved by adding a carrier to a reaction tank to which the UASB method or the EGSB method is applied that is operated under raw water conditions and / or operating conditions in which methane bacteria granules are difficult to form and / or easily dismantle. The methane bacteria in the tank can be maintained and the capacity can be stabilized.

以上説明したとおり、本発明によれば、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されているＵＡＳＢ法またはＥＧＳＢ法が適用されている反応槽に担体を添加することにより、定期的なグラニュール追加を実施しなくても反応槽内のメタン菌を維持でき能力安定化、さらには能力向上も期待できる。   As described above, according to the present invention, the carrier is added to the reaction vessel to which the UASB method or the EGSB method is applied that is operated under raw water conditions or operating conditions where it is difficult to form methane bacteria granules and / or is easy to dismantle. By adding, it is possible to maintain the methane bacteria in the reaction tank without carrying out periodic granule addition, and to stabilize the capacity and further improve the capacity.

実施例１及び比較例１で用いた生物処理装置の構成を示す系統図である。It is a systematic diagram which shows the structure of the biological treatment apparatus used in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. 実施例１、比較例１及び比較例２における処理能力の経時変化を示すグラフである。6 is a graph showing changes in processing capability over time in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

以下、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

本発明の有機性排水の処理方法は、ＵＡＳＢ法またはＥＧＳＢ法において、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されている場合に、担体を添加することを特徴とする。   The organic wastewater treatment method of the present invention is such that, in the UASB method or the EGSB method, a carrier is added when operating under raw water conditions or operating conditions in which methane bacteria granules are difficult to form and / or easily dismantle. It is characterized by.

メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件とはさまざまな場合が考えられるが、ひとつは低濃度排水（一般的にＣＯＤＣｒ２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下）である場合、また、懸濁浮遊物質やたんぱく質、脂質、糖質成分の多い排水種である場合、負荷変動が激しい場合などが挙げられる。   There are various cases of raw water conditions and operating conditions that make it difficult for Methane granules to form and / or easily dismantle, but one is low-concentration wastewater (generally CODCr 2000 mg / L or less). Examples include turbid suspended solids, protein, lipid, and wastewater species with a large amount of carbohydrate components, and severe load fluctuations.

本発明によれば、メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されているＵＡＳＢ法またはＥＧＳＢ法が適用されている反応槽に担体を添加することにより、担体にメタン菌を増殖させることができ、反応槽内のメタン菌を維持・能力安定化、さらには能力向上も期待できる。   According to the present invention, by adding a carrier to a reaction vessel to which a UASB method or an EGSB method is operated which is operated under raw water conditions and / or operating conditions that are difficult to form methane bacteria granules and / or are easily disassembled, It is possible to grow methane bacteria on the carrier, maintain methane bacteria in the reaction tank, stabilize the capacity, and further improve the capacity.

本発明において、処理対象とする有機性排水は、嫌気性微生物により処理可能な有機物を含むものであればよく、そのＣＯＤ濃度・種類に規定はないが、具体的には、食品工場等の製造排水、化学工場等の有機性排水、一般下水等が挙げられる。しかし、何らこれらに限定されるものではない。メタン菌グラニュールが形成しにくいおよび／または解体しやすい原水条件や運転条件で運転されている場合に特に効果を発揮する。   In the present invention, the organic wastewater to be treated is not limited as long as it contains an organic substance that can be treated by anaerobic microorganisms, and its COD concentration / type is not specified. Examples include wastewater, organic wastewater from chemical factories, and general sewage. However, it is not limited to these. It is particularly effective when operated under raw water conditions or operating conditions where it is difficult to form methane bacteria granules and / or is easy to dismantle.

使用する担体としては、特に制限は無いが微生物棲息性に優れた高分子ゲル状担体、特にポリビニルアルコール系ゲル担体が好ましい。担体の平均粒径は１〜１０ｍｍ、特に２〜６ｍｍであることが好ましい。
担体の表面から内部に連通する孔における孔径は、自由にコントロールできるが、バクテリアのみが担体内部に棲息できるものが好ましく、表面付近の孔径は０．１μｍ以上１００μｍ以下のものが好ましく、０．５μｍ以上５０μｍ以下がさらに好ましい。表面付近の孔径が０．１μｍよりも小さいとバクテリアが内部に進入できないなどの問題があり、１００μｍよりも大きいとバクテリア以外の大きな生物が侵入し効率が低下する場合がある。担体中心付近の孔径については特に制限はない。 The carrier to be used is not particularly limited, but a polymer gel carrier excellent in microbial habitability, particularly a polyvinyl alcohol gel carrier is preferable. The average particle size of the carrier is preferably 1 to 10 mm, particularly preferably 2 to 6 mm.
The pore diameter in the hole communicating from the surface to the inside of the carrier can be freely controlled, but preferably only bacteria can inhabit the inside of the carrier, and the pore diameter near the surface is preferably from 0.1 μm to 100 μm, preferably 0.5 μm More preferably, it is 50 μm or less. If the pore diameter near the surface is smaller than 0.1 μm, there is a problem that bacteria cannot enter the inside. If it is larger than 100 μm, large organisms other than bacteria may invade and the efficiency may be lowered. There is no particular limitation on the pore diameter near the center of the carrier.

担体の形状は、限定されるものではなく、立方体、直方体、円柱状、球状、マカロニ状など任意の形状をとることができる。メタン菌との接触効率を考えると球状が好ましい。   The shape of the carrier is not limited, and can be any shape such as a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, a sphere, or a macaroni. Considering the contact efficiency with methane bacteria, the spherical shape is preferable.

担体の添加量は、槽容積に対して１％以上７０％以下が好ましく、特に１０％以上５０％以下が好ましい。   The addition amount of the carrier is preferably 1% or more and 70% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or more and 50% or less with respect to the tank volume.

原水の有機物濃度は特に限定されるものではなく、ＣＯＤＣｒ５００〜５００００ｍｇ／Ｌなど幅広く適用できる。反応槽に流入する際の原液のｐＨは６．５〜７．５程度であることが好ましく、従って、原水は必要に応じてｐＨ調整を行ってから反応槽に通水することが好ましい。   The organic substance density | concentration of raw | natural water is not specifically limited, CODCr500-50000mg / L etc. can apply widely. The pH of the undiluted solution when flowing into the reaction tank is preferably about 6.5 to 7.5. Therefore, it is preferable that the raw water is adjusted to the pH if necessary and then passed through the reaction tank.

反応槽の負荷も特に限定はないが、５〜５０ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日と高負荷をかけることも可能である。また、反応槽内の温度は通常のメタン発酵の条件と同様で２５〜４０℃、特に３０〜３８℃とすることが好ましい。 The load on the reaction tank is not particularly limited, but a high load of 5 to 50 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day can be applied. The temperature in the reaction tank is 25 to 40 ° C., particularly 30 to 38 ° C., as in the usual methane fermentation conditions.

以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これら実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

［実施例１］
図１に示すフローに従って、食品会社Hの実排水による嫌気性排水処理を実施した。反応槽の仕様並びに処理条件は下記の通りとした。 [Example 1]
In accordance with the flow shown in FIG. The specifications and processing conditions of the reaction vessel were as follows.

・反応槽の仕様
反応槽：容量５０Ｌ
槽内温度：３５〜３７℃
反応槽内のグラニュール量：２０容量％（槽容積に対する。）
・処理条件
原水ＣＯＤＣｒ濃度：３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ ・ Reaction tank specifications Reaction tank: 50L capacity
Tank temperature: 35-37 ° C
Granule amount in reaction tank: 20% by volume (relative to tank volume)
・ Treatment conditions Raw water CODCr concentration: 3000 mg / L

ＵＡＳＢ法として２０容量％のグラニュールを初期投入している反応槽に上記実排水を通水し、除去量（処理能力）１０ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日に到達（定常状態）した。１．５ヶ月運転を継続した後に、上記反応槽へアセタール化ポリビニルアルコール系ゲル状担体（直径約４ｍｍ，比重１．０２５）を１５容量％（槽容積に対する。）投入したところ、元々有していた除去量（処理能力）１０ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日を下回ることなく、約半年間の安定運転を確認することができた。なお、ＣＯＤＣｒ除去率は、常に８５％以上を推移し、非常に良好であった。 As the UASB method, the actual waste water was passed through a reaction vessel in which 20% by volume of granule was initially charged, and the removal amount (processing capacity) reached 10 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day (steady state). After continuous operation for 1.5 months, 15 vol% (relative to the tank volume) of acetalized polyvinyl alcohol gel-like carrier (diameter: about 4 mm, specific gravity: 1.025) was charged into the reaction tank. Moreover, the stable operation for about half a year was able to be confirmed, without falling below the removal amount (processing capacity) 10kg-CODCr / m < 3 > * day. Note that the CODCr removal rate always remained at 85% or more and was very good.

［比較例１］
図１に示すフローに従って、食品会社Hの実排水による嫌気性排水処理を実施した。反応槽の仕様および処理条件は、実施例１と同じとした。 [Comparative Example 1]
In accordance with the flow shown in FIG. The specifications and processing conditions of the reaction vessel were the same as those in Example 1.

ＵＡＳＢ法として２０容量％のグラニュールを初期投入している反応槽に上記実排水を通水したところ、除去量（処理能力）１０ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日に到達したものの、次第にグラニュールが解体し、２ヵ月後には処理能力が７ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日まで低下した。そこで、グラニュールを１０容量％追加した。そのまま運転を継続すると、運転開始から４ヵ月後には、再度処理能力が７ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日まで低下した。 As the UASB method, when the actual waste water was passed through the reaction tank initially charged with 20% by volume of granules, the removal amount (processing capacity) reached 10 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day, but the granules gradually increased. After dismantling, the processing capacity dropped to 7 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day after 2 months. Therefore, 10% by volume of granules were added. When the operation was continued as it was, the processing capacity decreased again to 7 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day after 4 months from the start of operation.

［比較例２］
図１に示すフローに従って、食品会社Hの実排水による嫌気性排水処理を実施した。反応槽の仕様および処理条件は、実施例１と同じとした。 [Comparative Example 2]
In accordance with the flow shown in FIG. The specifications and processing conditions of the reaction vessel were the same as those in Example 1.

ＵＡＳＢ法として２０容量％のグラニュールを初期投入している反応槽に上記実排水を通水したところ、除去量（処理能力）１０ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日に到達したものの、次第にグラニュールが解体し、２ヵ月後には処理能力が７ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日まで低下した。そのまま運転を継続すると、５ヵ月後には処理能力が５ｋｇ−ＣＯＤＣｒ／ｍ３・日以下となり、運転の継続は困難となった。 As the UASB method, when the actual waste water was passed through the reaction tank initially charged with 20% by volume of granules, the removal amount (processing capacity) reached 10 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day, but the granules gradually increased. After dismantling, the processing capacity dropped to 7 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day after 2 months. If the operation was continued as it was, the processing capacity became 5 kg-CODCr / m 3 · day or less after 5 months, and it was difficult to continue the operation.

図２に示す実施例１の結果より、ＵＡＳＢ法において、グラニュールの形成が困難な場合、反応槽に担体を後添加することにより、処理能力を保持できることが確認できた。 From the results of Example 1 shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmed that in the UASB method, when it was difficult to form granules, it was possible to maintain the processing capability by adding a support to the reaction vessel afterwards.

１・・・原水
２・・・嫌気反応槽
３・・・反応ガス
４・・・処理水 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Raw water 2 ... Anaerobic reaction tank 3 ... Reaction gas 4 ... Treated water

Claims (2)

有機性排水を上向流で通水してメタン菌グラニュールによって嫌気性処理を行なう嫌気性排水処理方法において、メタン菌グラニュールが初期投入されすでに運転されている反応槽に、ポリビニルアルコール系担体を後添加することを特徴とする有機性排水の処理方法。 In an anaerobic wastewater treatment method in which organic wastewater is passed in an upward flow and anaerobic treatment is performed with methane bacteria granules , a polyvinyl alcohol carrier is placed in a reaction tank in which methane bacteria granules are initially charged and already operated. A method for treating organic wastewater, characterized by adding after- treatment. 前記ポリビニルアルコール系担体の平均粒径が１〜１０ｍｍである、請求項１に記載の有機性排水の処理方法。 The method for treating organic waste water according to claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based carrier has an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 mm .
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