JP6156086B2 - Electric vehicle control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device for an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a control device including a notification unit that notifies a driver that a motor as a drive source is not in an operable state.

  An electric vehicle includes an EV system including a motor as a drive source, a battery that supplies electric power to the motor, and a drive circuit that connects the motor and the battery, and a control device that drives and controls the EV system. ing. This control device closes the relay provided in the drive circuit by a predetermined start operation so that the motor and the battery are electrically connected to make the motor operable, and thereafter the motor can be driven and controlled. It is configured. Here, the state in which the relay in the drive circuit is closed and the motor is operable is referred to as the EV system being in the activated state.

  Even if the EV system is activated by the start operation, the motor does not start, and the motor is started only by performing a starting operation such as an accelerator depression operation thereafter. The start operation is performed using various start switches such as a key type, a knob type, or a push button type.

  Further, in the case of an electric vehicle, the EV system is only activated by a start operation as described above, and the engine sound when the engine is started and the idling state thereafter, as in a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. Since there is nothing equivalent to the engine sound, engine vibration, etc., the driver indicates that the EV system is in an activated state by means of a READY indicator light in a meter unit provided on an instrument panel (hereinafter referred to as instrument panel). An indicator lamp called "etc."

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a start control device for an electric vehicle provided with notification means for notifying that a motor is not in an operable state.

JP 2009-077756 A

  By the way, in an electric vehicle, in order to activate the EV system by a start operation, in addition to an operation by a start switch by a driver, in general, a brake pedal depression operation or a shift lever is at a parking position. In addition, various conditions such as turning the start switch for a predetermined time or more are required. If any one of these conditions is not satisfied, the EV system is not activated even if a start operation is performed.

  At this time, although the READY indicator lamp does not light up, various indicator lamps are displayed in the meter unit. Therefore, there is a possibility of overlooking that the READY indicator lamp is not lit. Although the EV system is not activated, there is a risk that the EV system is misunderstood as being activated, and the vehicle start operation such as shift operation, foot brake release operation, accelerator depression operation, etc. may be performed. is there.

  As a result, the driver is likely to recall a vehicle failure because the vehicle does not move according to the accelerator operation. In particular, in the case of a vehicle parked on a downhill, once the vehicle is released by releasing the brake, the vehicle does not move as intended by a subsequent depression of the accelerator pedal, so that a sense of discomfort may be felt.

  In response to this problem, the control device described in Patent Document 1 notifies that the motor is in an inoperable state when a start operation is performed when the motor is not in an operable state. However, in this case, the fact that the motor is not in an operable state is notified only when the start operation is performed. For example, when the start operation is performed after a start operation, the start operation is performed. It is difficult to understand what is being notified, and it is easy to remind the driver of a malfunction such as an abnormality in the EV system. In addition, even if a starting operation such as depressing the accelerator pedal is performed, the vehicle does not move as intended, and the driver is likely to feel uncomfortable.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an electric vehicle control device that enables a smooth start operation without causing a failure or causing a sense of incongruity. Objective.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is configured as follows.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present application drives an EV system including a motor as a drive source, a battery that supplies electric power to the motor, and a drive circuit that connects between the motor and the battery. A control device for an electric vehicle to be controlled, comprising: notifying means for notifying that the EV system is not in an activated state even though a predetermined start operation for activating the EV system is performed; Is a first notification means for notifying when the EV system is not activated by the start operation, and a first notification for notifying that a shift operation has been performed during the notification operation of the first notification means. comprising a second notification unit, wherein the EV system to said predetermined start operation is not performed without the active state, the first notifying means is a non-notification state To come, when the shift operation is performed is detected, characterized that you broadcast in both the first notification unit and the second notification unit.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an EV system including a motor as a drive source, a battery that supplies electric power to the motor, and a drive circuit that connects between the motor and the battery is driven. A control device for an electric vehicle to be controlled, the notifying means for notifying that the EV system is not activated even though a predetermined start operation for activating the EV system is performed, and the EV system includes: A first display means for illuminating that the vehicle is in an activated state; and a second display means for illuminating and displaying when an abnormality of another in-vehicle component is detected around the first display means, The notification means includes a first notification means that notifies when the EV system is not activated by the start operation, and a shift operation is performed during the notification operation of the first notification means. And a second informing means for informing when detected, the first informing means, in addition to the flashing of the first display means to inform by flashing or lighting display the second display means It is characterized by that.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a third notification that is notified when it is detected that the vehicle has moved during the notification operation of the second notification means. Means are provided.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided third display means for lighting and displaying when an abnormality of the EV system is detected. The third display means is notified by lighting it.

  According to the invention of each claim of the present application, the following effects can be obtained by the above configuration.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the EV system is not activated by the start operation, the first notification means can notify the driver immediately after the start operation that the EV system is not activated. That is, by notifying immediately after the start operation, it is easy to specify that the cause of the notification is the immediately preceding start operation. Thereby, it can avoid that a driver | operator recalls the failure of EV system.

  Furthermore, when the driver performs a shift operation during the notification operation of the first notification unit, the EV system is not in the activated state by performing notification by the second notification unit in addition to the first notification unit. It is easier to let the driver know. As a result, it is possible to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable by suppressing further starting operations such as a depression operation of the accelerator pedal by the driver.

That is, by performing the notification by the first and second notification means step by step, it is easy for the driver to recognize that the EV system is not in the activated state, and the driver can recall the failure of the EV system, It is possible to suppress the occurrence of a sense of incongruity and to enable a smooth start operation.
In addition, when it is detected that the shift operation is performed when the EV system is not in the activated state because the predetermined start operation is not performed and the first notification unit is in the non-notification state, By notifying with both the 2nd alerting | reporting means, it is still easier to let a driver know that the EV system is not in an activated state. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the driver from further starting operation and to suppress the driver from recalling a failure or causing the driver to feel uncomfortable.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the first display means for lighting and displaying that the EV system is in the activated state is blinked and the second display means around the first display means is blinked or turned on. By doing so, it is possible to easily realize the first notification means, and it is easier for the driver to know. In addition, by diverting the existing first display means and second display means , it is economical because it is possible to prevent the provision of the dedicated first notification means.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, when it is detected that the vehicle has moved, the third notification means notifies the driver that the EV system is not in the activated state. Easy to understand. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable or the driver from recalling a failure.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 4 , it is possible to easily realize the third notification means by diverting the existing third display means. This is economical because it is possible to prevent the third notification means from being provided exclusively.

  That is, according to the control apparatus for an electric vehicle of the present invention, a smooth start operation can be performed without causing a failure or causing a sense of incongruity.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a control system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the instrument panel showing the first to third notification means. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the control device of FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view of the instrument panel showing the notification operation by the first to third notification means. FIG. 5 is a front view similar to FIG. 4 showing a notification operation by the first notification unit according to another embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle control system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the control system 100 includes a motor 3 as a drive source, a battery 4 that supplies power to the motor 3, and a motor drive unit 5 that connects the motor 3 and the battery 4. An EV system 1, a control device 2 that drives and controls the EV system 1, and an input device 10 that inputs a predetermined signal to the control device 2 are provided.

  The control device 2 determines whether or not a predetermined start operation has been normally performed from the signal input from the input device 10. When the predetermined start operation is normally performed, the control device 2 closes a relay (not shown) of the motor driving unit 5 and conducts between the motor 3 and the battery 4 so that the motor 3 can be operated. That is, the EV system 1 is activated. On the other hand, when the predetermined start operation is not normally performed, the control device 2 activates the first to third notification units 31 to 33 in a stepwise manner, and the EV system 1 is not activated in the driver. This is reported.

  The input device 10 includes a vehicle start switch 11, a foot brake switch 12, a vehicle speed sensor 13, and a shift lever switch 14.

  The vehicle start switch 11 is a key cylinder type, similar to an ignition switch for a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. The vehicle start switch 11 is an OFF position 11a where a driver inserts and removes a key, and one step in a clockwise direction from the OFF position 11a. It has a rotated ACC position 11b, an ON position 11c that is further rotated in one clockwise direction, and a START position 11d that is further rotated in one clockwise direction, and is rotatable in three stages from the OFF position. ing. The vehicle switch 11 is not limited to the key cylinder type, and other vehicle start switches such as a knob type and a push button type can be adopted.

  The foot brake switch 12 is a switch that detects that a foot brake (not shown) is depressed. The vehicle speed sensor 13 is a sensor that detects the vehicle speed of the vehicle. Instead of the vehicle speed sensor 13, a sensor that can detect that the vehicle has moved may be employed. For example, a motor rotation sensor can be employed. The shift lever switch 14 is a switch that detects that a shift lever (not shown) has been shifted to a position other than the parking (parking) position, for example, a shift operation to a forward position, a backward position, a neutral position, or the like. .

  Here, the predetermined start operation means that the vehicle start switch 11 is rotated from the OFF position 11a while the foot brake is depressed while the shift lever is held at the parking position, and the ACC position 11b and This is performed by holding at the START position 11d for a predetermined time via the ON position 11c.

  The control unit 20 includes a start operation determination unit 21, a motor drive instruction unit 22, a motor drive confirmation unit 23, a shift operation detection unit 24, and a vehicle speed detection unit 25.

  The start operation determination unit 21 determines whether or not a predetermined start operation has been performed based on a signal input from the input device 10. When determining that the predetermined start operation has been performed normally, a motor drive instruction It has a function of operating the part 22. On the other hand, if even one of the start operations described above is not satisfied, for example, the foot brake stepping operation is not canceled or the shift operation is not performed during the start operation, and the start switch 11 is not held at the START position 11d for a predetermined time. In the case where it is determined that the start operation has not been normally performed, the first notification means 31 is activated.

  Based on an instruction from the start operation determination unit 21, the motor drive instruction unit 22 closes a relay (not shown) of the motor drive unit 5 to make the motor 3 and the battery 4 conductive, and puts the motor 3 into an operable state. In addition to having a function, it has a function of transmitting to the motor drive unit 5 a signal for controlling the drive of the motor 3 that has become operable in accordance with the driving operation of the driver.

  When the motor drive confirmation unit 23 confirms that the motor 3 is operable by the signal transmitted from the motor drive unit 5, that is, the EV system 1 is in the activated state, the motor drive confirmation unit 23 includes a meter unit 40 provided in an instrument panel (not shown). The READY indicator lamp 59 (see FIG. 2) is turned on so that the driver can recognize that the EV system 1 is in the activated state.

  The shift operation detection unit 24 activates the second notification unit 32 when it is detected that a shift operation has been performed by a signal input from the shift lever switch 14 when the EV system 1 is not in the activated state. It has a function. Further, in the present embodiment, when it is detected that a shift operation has been performed without performing a predetermined start operation, that is, without shifting the vehicle start switch 11 to the START position 11d, the shift lever is shifted. When operated, the first notification means 31 also has a function to be activated.

  The vehicle speed detection unit 25 performs third notification when the vehicle speed is detected by a signal input from the vehicle speed sensor 13 when the EV system 1 is not in the activated state, that is, when it is detected that the vehicle is moving. It has the function of operating the means 33. At this time, since the shift lever (not shown) is not in the parking position, the first and second notification means 31 and 32 are in a notification state, and therefore all of the first to third notification means 31 to 33 are It will be operating.

  Next, the 1st-3rd alerting | reporting means 31-33 are demonstrated, referring FIG. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a meter unit 40 provided in an instrument panel (not shown). As shown in FIG. 2, the meter unit 40 includes a motor meter 42 that indicates the operating state of the motor on the left side and an information display unit 43 that displays various types of information on the right side with the speedometer 41 interposed therebetween. . Above the motor meter 42 and the information display unit 43, various indicator lamps 64 to 68 that indicate the operation status of a headlamp, a blinker lamp, and the like are arranged.

  The speedometer 41 includes an ABS warning light 55, a seat belt warning light 56, an output limit warning light 57, an EV system abnormality warning light 58, a READY indicator light 59, a charge indicator light 60, a failure warning indicator light 61, and a brake warning light 62. , A KEY indicator lamp 63, etc. are arranged, and a 12V battery charging warning lamp 51, an air bag warning lamp 52, an electric power steering warning lamp 53, a vehicle approach notification device OFF indicator lamp 54, etc. are arranged on the motor meter 42. .

  Except for the READY indicator lamp 59, these various indicator lamps 51 to 58, 60 to 63 are set so that when the vehicle start switch 11 is turned to the ON position 11c and the START position 11d, all the indicator lamps are predetermined for the disconnection check. After turning on for a period of time, the lamp is turned off if there is no abnormality. As described above, the READY indicator lamp 59 is lit when the EV system 1 is activated.

  The information display unit 43 is configured to display a door opening / closing state, a shift position, a remaining charge amount of the battery 4, a travel distance, an outside air temperature, an operation mode, a warning display, and the like. FIG. 2 shows that the shift position is in the drive (D), each door is opened, and the operation mode is the charge mode (Ch). Further, as a warning display, for example, when an abnormality is detected in the motor 3, battery 4, and / or motor drive unit 5 of the EV system 1, for example, “Please stop at a safe place” or the like A command display (see FIG. 4C) is displayed.

  Further, the meter unit 40 is provided with a speaker 45 schematically shown in FIG. The speaker 45 is configured to generate a warning sound in accordance with lighting or blinking of various indicator lamps.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the first notification unit 31 is configured by blinking the READY indicator lamp 59 (first display unit), and the second notification unit 32 is configured by emitting a warning sound from the speaker 45. The third notification means 33 is configured by displaying a save command display on the information display section 43 (third display means).

  Next, the operation of the control device 2 performed when starting up the EV system 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a series of operations of the control device 2 when starting the EV system 1, and FIG. 4 is a front view of the meter unit 40 showing the notification operation of the first to third notification means 31 to 33. It is.

  As shown in FIG. 3, to start the EV system 1, first, the vehicle start switch 11 is rotated from the OFF position 11a to the START position 11d via the ACC position 11b and the ON position 11c. (Step S1). At this time, the disconnection check of the various indicator lamps 51 to 63 in the meter unit 40 is performed (step S2). Next, the start operation determination unit 21 determines whether or not the start operation itself has been performed, that is, whether or not the vehicle start switch 11 has been turned to the START position 11d (step S3).

  If it is determined in step S3 that the vehicle start switch 11 has been turned to the START position 11d, it is next determined whether or not the EV system 1 has been activated (step S4). Specifically, when the start operation determination unit 21 determines that the predetermined start operation has been performed correctly, the motor drive instruction unit 22 closes the relay of the motor drive unit 5 and the EV system 1 is activated. Then, the motor drive confirmation unit 23 confirms that the EV system 1 has been activated. In this case, the READY indicator light 59 is turned on, and the driver knows that the EV system 1 is in an activated state, and performs a start operation such as a shift operation, a foot brake release operation, an accelerator pedal depression operation, etc. The vehicle can be started.

  On the other hand, when it is determined in step S4 that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state, for example, when a predetermined start operation is not performed correctly, a relay from the motor drive instruction unit 22 to the motor drive unit 5 is turned on. Since the close instruction itself is not issued, the EV system 1 is not activated, and a predetermined start operation is correctly performed and an instruction to close the relay from the motor drive instruction unit 22 to the motor drive unit 5 is issued. Even if it is a case, when abnormality exists in EV system 1, EV system 1 will not be in a starting state.

  In this case, the first notification means 31 is activated in step S7. That is, as shown in FIG. 4A, the READY indicator lamp 59 blinks. As a result, the READY indicator lamp 59, which is normally turned on, blinks, so that the driver knows that the EV system 1 is not activated.

  When the shift operation detection unit 24 detects that the shift operation, that is, the shift lever (not shown) has been moved to a position other than the parking position during the notification operation of the first notification means 31 (step S8), the second notification The means 32 is activated (step S9). That is, as shown in FIG. 4B, in addition to the notification by the first notification means 31, a warning sound is emitted from the speaker 45 as the second notification means 32. Thereby, the driver can easily recognize that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state by receiving notifications by the first and second notification units 31 and 32 step by step.

  In addition, you may comprise so that the warning sound by the 2nd alerting | reporting means 32 (speaker 45) may be emitted according to the blinking rhythm of the blink display of the READY indicator lamp 59 by the 1st alerting | reporting means 31. Thereby, it is easy to notify the blinking display of the READY indicator lamp 59 and the warning sound emitted from the speaker 45 in association with each other, and it is easier to let the driver know what is being notified.

  When the vehicle speed is detected by the vehicle speed detection unit 25 during the notification operation of the second notification means 32, that is, when it is detected that the vehicle has moved (step S10), the third notification means 33 is activated. (Step S11). That is, as shown in (c) of FIG. 4, in addition to the notification by the first and second notification means 31 and 32, the save command display on the information display unit 43 as the third notification means 33 is displayed. It will be. Thereby, the driver can easily recognize that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state by receiving notifications from the first to third notification units 31 to 33 step by step.

  If it is determined in step S3 that the start operation itself has not been performed, and the shift operation detection unit 24 determines that a shift operation has been performed (step S5), the first and second notification units 31 and 32 are Operate. That is, the EV system 1 is activated to the driver by notifying the first notifying unit 31 and the second notifying unit 32 in a stepwise manner, but notifying the first and second notifying units 31 and 32 suddenly. It's easier to know that it's not.

  In addition, when the shift operation is not performed in step S5 and step S8 and when the vehicle speed is not generated in step S10, if the predetermined start operation is correctly performed, the EV system is passed through steps S3 to S4. Since 1 is in the activated state, the READY indicator lamp 59 is lit up and the driver can start the vehicle.

  According to the control device 2 configured as described above, the following effects can be exhibited.

(1) When the EV system 1 is not activated by the start operation, the first notification means 31 can notify the driver immediately after the start operation that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state. That is, by notifying immediately after the start operation, it is easy to specify that the cause of the notification is the immediately preceding start operation. Thereby, it can avoid that a driver | operator recalls the failure of EV system 1. FIG.

  Furthermore, when the driver performs a shift operation during the notification operation of the first notification means 31, the EV system 1 is activated by notifying the second notification means 32 in addition to the first notification means 31. It is easier for the driver to know that the vehicle is not in a state. As a result, it is possible to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable by suppressing further starting operations such as a depression operation of the accelerator pedal by the driver.

  That is, by performing the notification by the first and second notification means 31 and 32 step by step, it is easy for the driver to recognize that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state, and the driver recalls the failure of the EV system 1. And a smooth start operation can be made possible by preventing the driver from feeling uncomfortable.

(2) When it is detected that the vehicle has moved, it is easier to let the driver know that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state by notifying the third notification means 33. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable or the driver from recalling a failure.

(3) By performing notification with both the first and second notification means 31 and 32, it is easier to let the driver know that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the driver from further starting operation and to suppress the driver from recalling a failure or causing the driver to feel uncomfortable.

(4) The first notification means 31 can be easily realized by blinking the READY display 59 or the like 59 (first display means) that lights up that the EV system 1 is in the activated state. In addition, by diverting the existing READY indicator lamp 59, it is economical to prevent the provision of the dedicated first notification means 31.

(5) The third notification means 33 can be easily realized by using the existing save command display. This is economical because it is possible to prevent the third notification means 33 from being provided exclusively.

  In the above embodiment, the first notification means 31 is configured by the blinking display of the READY display lamp 59. In addition, the indicator lamp (second display means) around the READY display lamp 59 blinks or lights up. Also good. For example, in FIG. 5A, in addition to the lighting indication of the READY indicator lamp 59, an output limit warning lamp 57, an EV system abnormality warning lamp 58, a charging indicator lamp 60, a failure warning indicator lamp 61, a brake warning lamp. 62 shows a state in which the indicator lamps 57 to 62 are lit and displayed, and FIG. 5B shows a state in which these indicator lamps 57 to 62 including the READY indicator lamp 59 are blinked.

  By flashing or lighting the indicator lamps (second display means) around the READY display 59 and the like, the notification by the flashing of the READY display means 59 can be made more conspicuous in the meter unit 40. It is easier to recognize that the EV system 1 is not in the activated state. Moreover, it can be realized by diverting the existing indicator lamp, which is economical.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the first notification means 31 is configured as blinking display by the READY indicator lamp 59 (first display means), the second notification means 32 is configured as generation of a warning sound by the speaker 45, Although the 3 notification means 33 is comprised by the display of the evacuation command to the information display part 43 (3rd display means), it is not restricted to this. That is, any display means, warning sound generation means, and the like that can be easily recognized by the driver can be suitably employed as the first to third notification means 31 to 33. In addition, it can prevent providing a dedicated alerting | reporting means by employ | adopting the existing display means and warning sound generation means.

  In the above embodiment, the first to third notification means 31 to 33 are configured to be notified while overlapping in stages. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the notification means 31 to 33 are switched to each other. You may comprise so that it may alert | report alone.

  Further, the present invention can be applied not only to electric vehicles but also to hybrid vehicles. In other words, any vehicle control device having an electric motor can be preferably implemented.

  The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, and it goes without saying that various improvements and design variations are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the start operation can be smoothly performed without causing a failure or causing a sense of incongruity. Therefore, the present invention is preferably implemented in the technical field of manufacturing this type of electric vehicle. there is a possibility.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 EV system 2 Control apparatus 3 Motor 4 Battery 5 Drive control part 10 Input device 11 Vehicle start switch 12 Foot brake switch 13 Vehicle speed sensor 14 Shift lever switch 20 Control part 21 Start operation determination part 22 Motor drive control part 23 Motor drive confirmation part 24 shift operation detection unit 25 vehicle speed detection unit 31 first notification unit 32 second notification unit 33 third notification unit 43 information display unit 45 speaker 59 READY indicator lamp 100 control system

Claims (4)

A control device for an electric vehicle that drives and controls an EV system including a motor as a drive source, a battery that supplies power to the motor, and a drive circuit that connects the motor and the battery,
Informing means for notifying that the EV system does not enter the activated state despite the predetermined start operation for activating the EV system,
The notification means includes a first notification means that notifies when the EV system is not activated by the start operation;
Second informing means for informing when a shift operation is detected during the informing operation of the first informing means ,
When it is detected that a shift operation has been performed when the EV system is not in an activated state because the predetermined start operation has not been performed and the first notification unit is in a non-notification state, 1 notification means and the control apparatus for an electric vehicle characterized that you notification in both the second informing means.   A control device for an electric vehicle that drives and controls an EV system including a motor as a drive source, a battery that supplies power to the motor, and a drive circuit that connects the motor and the battery,
  Informing means for informing that the EV system is not in an activated state despite a predetermined start operation for activating the EV system;
  First display means for displaying that the EV system is in an activated state;
  Around the first display means, there is provided second display means for lighting and displaying when an abnormality of other in-vehicle components is detected,
  The notification means includes a first notification means that notifies when the EV system is not activated by the start operation;
  Second informing means for informing when a shift operation is detected during the informing operation of the first informing means,
  In addition to the blinking display of the first display unit, the first notification unit notifies the second display unit by blinking or lighting the electric vehicle control device. A third informing means for informing when the vehicle is detected during the informing operation of the second informing means,
The control apparatus of the electric vehicle of Claim 1 or 2 . A third display means for lighting and displaying when an abnormality of the EV system is detected;
The third notification means notifies by lighting the third display means.
The control apparatus of the electric vehicle of Claim 3 .

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