JP6150327B2 - Curve cutting method and curve cutting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a curve cutting method and a curve cutting apparatus using a circular saw.

  Conventionally, a cutting apparatus using a circular saw has been known. A disk-shaped circular saw having a blade at the outer edge is rotated at a high speed, and the workpiece is cut by relatively moving the blade of the circular saw and the workpiece. Workpieces include wood, plastic, metal, concrete, etc. Various materials can be cut by making the materials and shapes of circular saw blades and disks according to the work piece. . Such a cutting device using a circular saw has a feature that even a relatively hard material can be cut at high speed. In recent years, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been used for automobile bodies and airplane main wings. In order to use such a body of an automobile or a main wing of an airplane, a curved cutting apparatus capable of processing a carbon fiber reinforced plastic along a complicated curved cutting line has been developed (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

  In such a curve cutting apparatus, it is expected that the carbon fiber reinforced plastic curve cutting, which has been conventionally performed by manual cutting, end milling, water jet processing, etc., can be performed. Cutting using a circular saw is advantageous over other processing methods in that high-speed cutting is possible and the tool life is relatively long.

  However, such a curve cutting device is an epoch-making invention that can cut along a curved curvature by bending the circular saw into a bowl shape and bending the cross section of the circular saw. However, when a plurality of curves are combined, cutting may not be possible along the curves. This problem will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIGS. 13 and 14 are plan views of the workpiece 10, and are schematic views showing the circular saw 20 during cutting in cross section. In FIG. 13, the circular saw 20 proceeds while cutting the workpiece along a straight line along the traveling direction E1 from the left side to the right side of the drawing, and proceeds toward the curves 11a and 11b indicated by broken lines on the right side of the drawing. A course change is about to be made in the direction E2. At this time, the blade portions 21F and 21R of the circular saw 20 are deformed in the downward direction WF and WR in the drawing, and the main body 26 is deformed in the upward direction WP in the drawing. It curves so as to be convex upward. However, if the circular saw 20 is simply bent, the blade portions 21F and 21R may come into contact with the product surface 12a after the workpiece 10 is processed as shown in FIG. Specifically, there is a possibility that the processing accuracy is lowered, the surface properties are deteriorated, and the tool is unevenly worn.

JP 2011-148008 A

  The present invention provides a curved cutting method and a curved cutting apparatus capable of cutting a workpiece with an arbitrary curved cutting line in a cutting method using a circular saw.

Curve cutting method according to the present invention,
A processing method for cutting a workpiece using a circular saw having a substantially disc-shaped main body portion and a blade portion formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion,
Moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece, and cutting the workpiece along a preset curve with a blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw,
In the cutting step, the main body is deflected within a range of a cutting width cut by a blade portion ahead of the circular saw in the traveling direction, and a blade portion behind the traveling direction of the circular saw is the cutting width. Moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece so as to pass through
The curve has a first curve and a second curve that is continuous with the first curve, the first position on the first curve, and the first position separated by a minute distance from the first position. When the second position on the curve 2 is set,
While the circular saw moves from the current position to the next position separated by a minute distance, the deflection of the main body is changed within the range of the settling,
The blade portion proceeds so that one end portion in the width direction of the blade portion is in contact with the first curve and the second curve,
In the first position, the end portion is tangent to the first curve in a direction orthogonal to the width direction of the blade portion,
The end portion is characterized in that, in the second position, a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade portion is tangent to the second curve .

In the curve cutting method according to the present invention,
The first curve has a first curvature;
The second curve may have a second curvature different from the first curvature.

In the curve cutting method according to the present invention,
The first curve is a first arc having a first center;
The second curve may be a second arc having a second center at a position different from the first center.

In the curve cutting method according to the present invention,
The movement of the circular saw can be interpolated between the first position and the second position.

In the curve cutting method according to the present invention,
In the cutting step, the rotary shaft of the circular saw is tilted, and the upper surface of the workpiece on the rotary shaft side of the circular saw and the processed product surface can be cut at a predetermined angle.

In the curve cutting method according to the present invention,
The rotating shaft is a curved cutting method in which the main body of the circular saw is tilted within a range in which the circular saw does not interfere with the workpiece in the cutting width.

In the curve cutting method according to the present invention,
In the cutting step, the rotation axis is inclined and the circular saw is moved relative to the upper surface to change the interval between the rotation center of the circular saw and the upper surface.

The curved cutting apparatus according to the present invention is
A circular saw having a substantially disc-shaped main body portion, and a blade portion formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion;
A rotating means for rotating the circular saw;
A biasing means for biasing a side surface of the main body of the circular saw in a direction parallel to a rotation axis to curve the circular saw;
Moving means for moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece;
Control means for controlling the rotating means, the biasing means, and the moving means;
Have
The control means bends the main body within a range of a cutting width cut by a blade in front of the circular saw in the traveling direction, and a blade at the rear in the traveling direction of the circular saw The circular saw is moved relative to the workpiece so as to pass through the range of the cutting width cut by the blade portion in the forward direction of travel, and the blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw is preset. Cutting the workpiece along the curved line ,
The curve has a first curve and a second curve continuous with the first curve, and the curve has a first position on the first curve and a small distance from the first position. When the second position on the second curve is set, the control means sets the range of the settling while the circular saw moves to the next position separated by a minute distance from the current position. The deflection of the main body is changed, and the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade portion at one end in the width direction of the blade portion is tangent to the first curve at the first position. The blade portion is advanced, and the blade portion is advanced so that a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the edge portion of the end portion is tangent to the second curve at the second position. And

In the curved cutting apparatus according to the present invention,
Further comprising an inclination moving means for inclining the rotary shaft of the circular saw with respect to the workpiece;
The control means tilts the rotary shaft of the circular saw by the tilt moving means, and cuts the upper surface of the circular saw on the rotary shaft side of the workpiece and the processed product surface at a predetermined angle. can do.

In the curved cutting apparatus according to the present invention,
The rotating shaft can be tilted within a range in which the main body portion of the circular saw does not interfere with the workpiece in the cutting width.

In the curved cutting apparatus according to the present invention,
The control means can change the interval between the rotation center of the circular saw and the upper surface by tilting the rotation shaft and moving the circular saw relative to the upper surface.

  According to the present invention, in the cutting method using a circular saw, the workpiece can be cut by an arbitrary curved cutting line.

  Further, according to the present invention, in the cutting apparatus using a circular saw, the workpiece can be cut with an arbitrary curved cutting line.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the curve cutting apparatus which can be used for this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which curved the circular saw of the curved cutting apparatus of FIG. It is a front view of the circular saw of the curve cutting apparatus of FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. It is an enlarged view of the blade part in FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the concept of the curve cutting method concerning this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the concept of the curve cutting method concerning this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the curve cutting method concerning this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the curve cutting method concerning this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the curve cutting method concerning this invention. FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a circle X indicated by a broken line in FIG. 8. It is a measurement result of the to-be-processed surface after the process of an Example. It is a schematic diagram explaining a prior art. It is a schematic diagram explaining a prior art. It is a schematic diagram of the product surface after processing of a workpiece. It is a schematic diagram explaining the concept of the curve cutting method concerning this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the concept of the curve cutting method concerning this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the concept of the curve cutting method concerning this invention. 3 is a graph obtained by measuring the contour shape of the upper surface and the lower surface after processing in Example 1. FIG. It is the graph which calculated the saw blade inclination angle and the processable curvature radius. It is a graph which shows the result of having simulated the contour shape of the upper surface and lower surface after processing in Example 2. FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having simulated the shape of the circular saw in Example 2. FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the saw blade cross-section curvature radius with respect to the saw blade inclination angle. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the workable board thickness with respect to a saw blade inclination angle.

  Hereinafter, a curve cutting method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, what is described below is an example of an embodiment of the curved cutting method according to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art will know the technology described in the claims. Various changes can be made within the scope of specific ideas. In the specification and claims of this application, a “curve” for cutting a workpiece includes a “straight line” having an infinite curvature unless otherwise specified. Further, in the specification and claims of the present application, the “movement” of the circular saw is a “relative movement” between the circular saw and the workpiece unless otherwise specified, and is not limited to the movement of the circular saw. It includes the movement of a circular saw relative to the workpiece by the movement of the workpiece.

A curved cutting method according to an embodiment of the present invention cuts a workpiece using a circular saw having a substantially disc-shaped main body portion and a blade portion formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion. A method of machining, wherein the circular saw is moved relative to the workpiece, and the cutting portion ahead of the circular saw in the traveling direction cuts the workpiece along a preset curve. And the cutting step comprises bending the main body within a cutting width cut by a blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw, and a blade portion in the rearward direction of the circular saw. So that the circular saw moves relative to the workpiece so that the curved line passes through the range of the cutting width, and the curve is a first curve and a second curve that is continuous with the first curve. A first position on the first curve, and a second position on the second curve separated by a small distance from the first position. When the position is set, while the circular saw moves to the next position separated by a minute distance from the current position, the deflection of the main body portion is changed within the range of the settling, the blade portion, The one end portion in the width direction of the blade portion proceeds so as to be in contact with the first curve and the second curve, and the end portion is orthogonal to the width direction of the blade portion at the first position. The end direction is tangent to the first curve, and the end portion is tangent to the second curve in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade portion at the second position .

A curved cutting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a circular saw having a substantially disc-shaped main body portion and a blade portion formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion, and rotating means for rotating the circular saw. Biasing means for biasing the side surface of the main body of the circular saw in a direction parallel to the rotation axis, and bending the circular saw, and movement for moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece Control means for controlling the means, the rotating means, the urging means, and the moving means, the control means being cut by the blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw The main body is bent within a width range, and the blade portion behind the circular saw in the moving direction passes through the cutting width range cut by the blade portion ahead of the circular saw in the moving direction. The circular saw is moved relative to the workpiece, and the blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw is preliminarily moved. Along the set curve cutting the workpiece, the curve and a second curve which is continuous with the first curve and the first curve, on the first curve to the curve When the first position and the second position on the second curve separated by a minute distance from the first position are set, the control means causes the circular saw to be minute from the current position. While moving to the next position separated by a distance, the deflection of the body portion is changed within the range of the settling, and the width direction of the blade portion at one end in the width direction of the blade portion at the first position The direction orthogonal to the first
The blade portion is advanced so as to be tangent to the curve, and the blade portion is tangent to the second curve at a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade portion at the end portion at the second position. It is made to advance .

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a curved cutting apparatus 1 that can be used in the curved cutting method according to the present embodiment, and is a longitudinal sectional view including a rotation axis O of a circular saw 20. The curved cutting apparatus 1 includes a circular saw 20, a rotating means 30 that rotates the circular saw 20, and a side surface of the main body 26 of the circular saw 20 in a direction parallel to the rotation axis O in order to curve the circular saw 20. Urging means 40 for urging, pressing means 50 for applying a pressing force to the urging means 40, moving means (not shown) for moving the circular saw 20 relative to the workpiece 10, and urging means 30 and urging Control means for controlling the means 40 and the moving means, and the workpiece 10 is cut by the circular saw 20. In FIG. 1, the part rotated together with the circular saw 20 by the rotating means 30, the workpiece 10, and the circular saw 20 are hatched with diagonal lines. Of the hatched lines excluding the workpiece 10 and the circular saw 20, the part that moves in the left-right direction in the drawing by the pressing means 50 moves in the left-right direction in the drawing by the hatching from the upper right to the lower left and the pressing means 50 pressing. The parts that are not shown are hatched from upper left to lower right. As the moving means, a known cutting processing apparatus, for example, a circular saw moving means in a simultaneous 4-axis NC processing machine employing a plurality of servo motors can be used.

  The rotating means 30 includes a pulley 31 and a spindle 32. The pulley 31 is rotated by a timing belt (not shown), and the circular saw 20 is rotated by rotating the spindle 32. The spindle 32 is supported by an angular bearing 33, a ball bearing 34, and a thrust bearing 35.

  The biasing means 40 includes ring-shaped flanges 41 and 42 that are in contact with the side surface of the main body 26 of the circular saw 20 from both sides, and a draw bar 45 that is disposed on the rotation axis O side of the spindle 32. The ring-shaped flanges 41 and 42 are in contact with flange tip portions 41 a and 42 a over the circumferential direction of the rotating side surface of the circular saw 20. The ring-shaped flanges 41 and 42 are fixed to the spindle 32, and have a structure in which the circular saw 20 is pressed down by means of a barge 43. The draw bar 45 is configured to slide in the left-right direction of the drawing when pressed by a pressing means 50 described later. The draw bar 45 and the circular saw 20 are connected through a pin 44. By moving the draw bar 45 in the left-right direction of the drawing, the pin 44 moves in the left-right direction of the drawing, and the central portion 23 (shown in FIG. 3) of the circular saw 20 is pressed in the left-right direction of the drawing to move. it can.

  FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the circular saw 20 of the curved cutting device 1 of FIG. 1 is bent and bent to the left side of the drawing. Since the ring-shaped flanges 41 and 42 are not displaced with respect to the curved cutting apparatus 1 by the movement of the draw bar 45, the center part 23 of the circular saw 20 and the flange tip parts 41a and 42a are moved by moving the draw bar 45 to the right in the drawing. A biasing force is generated between the circular saw 20 and the circular saw 20 as shown in FIG. Further, by moving the draw bar 45 in the left direction of the drawing, the circular saw 20 bends and curves to the opposite side of FIG. 2, that is, to the right side of the drawing.

  1 and 2, the pin 44 penetrates the spindle 32 and can be displaced to the left and right. However, the pin 44 does not extend in the entire circumferential direction, and the spindle 32 is a circular saw in a portion where the pin 44 is not provided. The ring-shaped flange 41 and the ten thousand weight 43 are rotated together with the circular saw 20 through the hole of the central portion 23 of the 20. A portion of the spindle 32 through which the pin 44 passes forms a slit so that the pin 44 can move in the left-right direction in the drawing.

  In the curved cutting device 1 of FIG. 1, the center portion 23 side of the circular saw 20 is displaced by the draw bar 45, but the center portion 23 and the urging portion may be displaced relatively, The biasing means 40 can be displaced. Moreover, although the ring-shaped flanges 41 and 42 are used as the urging means 40, the urging means 40 does not need to be configured in a ring shape, and can be structured to be pressed at a plurality of contact points on the circumference. . In this case, when the circular saw 20 bends, the contact point with the flange tip portions 41a and 41b is displaced in the radial direction of the circular saw. Therefore, a roller or a sphere is provided at the contact portion between the circular saw 20 and the biasing means 40. Thus, it can correspond to the displacement of the contact portion.

The pressing means 50 includes a servo motor 51, spur gears 52 and 53 that transmit the rotational force of the servo motor 51, an advancing / retracting mechanism 55 that converts the rotation of the spur gear 53 into a linear motion in the horizontal direction of the drawing, And a crank bar 56 that rotates around 58. When the servomotor 51 rotates, the advance / retreat mechanism 55 extends in the left direction in the drawing, whereby the crank bar 56 rotates about the fulcrum pin 58 and the draw bar 45 moves in the right direction in the drawing (FIG. 2). Further, when the advance / retreat mechanism 55 contracts in the right direction in the drawing, the crank bar 56 rotates around the fulcrum pin 58, and the draw bar 45 moves in the left direction in the drawing. Thus, the movement amount of the draw bar 45 can be controlled by the rotation of the servo motor 51, and the bending amount of the circular saw 20 can be controlled. The bearing 54 supports the spur gear 53. The advance / retreat mechanism 55 converts rotation into linear motion using, for example, a screw shaft. The fulcrum pin 57 is a movable fulcrum, and connects the advance / retreat mechanism 55 and the crank bar 56.

  An example of the configuration of the circular saw 20 is shown in FIG. The circular saw 20 has a disc shape, and is provided with a blade portion 21 at an outer edge portion, and cuts the workpiece 10 while rotating in the rotation direction F. The blade portion 21 may employ a known blade portion such as a cutting blade or an abrasive tip. It can select suitably according to the material and the use of the to-be-processed object 10. Although not shown in detail in FIG. 3, the blade portion 21 uses a so-called tip saw in which a large number of tips are fixed to the main body portion 26. In FIG. 3, the urging means 40 and the pressing means 50 are omitted. Slits 22 are provided at equiangular intervals on the outer periphery. The presence of the slit 22 allows the circular saw 20 to be bent like a bowl by pressing a part of the side surface of the main body 26 of the circular saw 20. In the drawing, the number of slits is eight, but the number of slits can be appropriately adjusted depending on the material of the circular saw, the length of the slits, and the like. A hole for holding the circular saw 20 by a draw bar 45 is provided in the central portion 23 of the circular saw 20. The circular saw 20 is used by being attached to the curved cutting apparatus 1 of FIG. 1. When the circular saw 20 is attached, the flange tip portions 41a and 42a of the ring-shaped flanges 41 and 42 come into contact with the urging portion 24 and attached. The circular saw 20 is bent by pressing the biasing portion 24. When the circular saw 20 is curved, the outer peripheral portion including the blade portion 21 has a curvature, and cutting along a curved cutting line becomes possible.

  In FIG. 3, the circular saw 20 performs cutting so that approximately 10% of the height of the circular saw 20 penetrates the workpiece 10. By changing the relative height between the circular saw 20 and the workpiece 10, the cross-sectional length and the curvature of the circular saw 20 at the height of the workpiece 10 can be changed.

  4 is a cross-sectional view of the circular saw 20 of FIG. 3 taken along the line IV-IV. In FIG. 4, the circular saw 20 advances in the traveling direction E while rotating around the rotation axis O, and the workpiece 10 is cut by the blade portion 21 of the circular saw 20. Note that the rotation axis O in FIG. 4 is shown for convenience, and the actual rotation axis O is at a position higher than the height of the workpiece 10 as shown in FIG. The front blade portion 21F in the advancing direction E on the right side of the drawing is cut in contact with the workpiece 10, and the rear blade portion 21R in the advancing direction E passes through the cut groove 12. Further, the circular saw 20 can be turned in the turning direction G around the vertical axis P. Actually, since the blade portion 21 rotates at a high speed, the front blade portion 21F rotates to the rear blade portion 21R at the next moment, so that it is forward in the state of the drawing for convenience. A part of the blade part 21 is a front blade part 21F and a part of the blade part 21 on the rear side is a rear blade part 21R, and does not indicate a part of the specific blade part 21.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the blade portion 21F in front of the traveling direction E in FIG. The circular saw 20 has crests (tooth vibrations) C and D between the width (thickness) A of the main body portion 26 and the width (thickness) B of the blade portion 21F. The claws C and D are clearances between the blade portions 21 existing on both sides of the main body portion 26, and exist in any circular saw 20. The clam is one of the factors that determine the curvature of a curve that can be cut by the circular saw 20. For example, the larger the claws, the smaller the curvature can be machined. The clam can be, for example, 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm. In addition, the curvature of a curve that can be cut can be changed by selecting a circular saw 20 having a different diameter. For example, a curve having a smaller curvature can be cut by selecting a circular saw 20 having a smaller diameter. Become. The size and material of the circular saw 20 can be selected as appropriate according to the workpiece, but in this embodiment, the diameter is 305 mm, the width of the blade portion 21 (blade thickness) is 3.5 mm, and the width of the main body portion 26 (base metal). A thickness of 1.5 mm, a thickness of 1.0 mm, a material SKS5 of the main body portion 26 (base metal), and quenching and tempering (HRC43) are used.

6 and 7 are schematic views for explaining the concept of the curve cutting method according to the present invention. The circular saw 20 bends the main body 26 within the range of the groove 12 having the cutting width B cut by the blade part 21F forward of the traveling direction E of the circular saw 20, and the traveling direction E of the circular saw 20 The rear blade portion 21R moves along the traveling direction E so as to pass through the groove 12 having the cutting width B.

  FIG. 6 shows a case where cutting is performed so as to bend to the right in the traveling direction E from the straight traveling state from the left to the right in the drawing. The circular saw 20 advances while cutting a continuous curve from an arc having an infinite curvature (that is, a straight line) to an arc having a center O1 and a curvature radius R1. When proceeding to the arc having the curvature radius R1, the circular saw 20 is curved upward in the drawing so that the direction of the blade portion 21F is aligned with the virtual curves 11a and 11b to be cut ahead of the traveling direction E. The main body 26 is curved with a curvature that does not contact the product surface 12b after the processing of the grooves 12. Then, the blade portion 21F in front of the traveling direction E changes the direction to the right of the traveling direction E. Further, the blade portion 21R behind the traveling direction E changes its direction with respect to the traveling direction E so as not to contact the product surfaces 12a and 12b after the grooves 12 are processed.

  FIG. 7 shows a case of cutting in a direction opposite to that of FIG. 6, that is, turning leftward in the traveling direction E from a straight traveling state from left to right in the drawing. The circular saw 20 advances while cutting a continuous curve from an arc having an infinite curvature (that is, a straight line) to an arc having a center O2 and a curvature radius R2. Therefore, the main body portion 26 is curved with a curvature so as to be convex in the right direction of the traveling direction E, and the blade portions 21F and 21R are turned in the left direction of the traveling direction E.

  Thus, by curving the circular saw 20, the traveling direction E is changed to match the virtual curves 11a and 11b, and the blade portion 21R and the main body portion 26 in the rearward direction E are the product surface 12a of the groove 12. , 12b can be cut by moving the circular saw 20 along the curves 11a, 11b without interference. The curvature radius R1 of the curves 11a and 11b is such that the distance between the front and rear blade portions 21F and 21R, the width B of the blade portion, the distances C and D of the settling (see FIG. 5), and the main body portion 26 are mechanically curved. However, the minimum value of the radius of curvature R1 can be further changed by the diameter of the circular saw 20 to be selected.

  The curve set in advance for cutting by the circular saw 20 can be composed of, for example, a plurality of continuous curves, and can have at least a first curve and a second curve. In FIG. 6, the first curve is a straight line portion having an infinite curvature, and the second curve is an arc having a center O1 and a radius of curvature R1. For example, the first curve may have a first curvature and the second curve may have a second curvature that is different from the first curvature. Also, for example, the first curve is a first arc having a first center, and the second curve is a second arc having a second center at a position different from the first center. Can be.

  As the curved cutting apparatus 1, for example, the following embodiments can also be employed.

A person skilled in the art can appropriately select the size, shape, material, blade and the like of the circular saw 20 according to the workpiece to be cut. As for the cutting blade, in addition to a normal cutting blade, a cutting tip using metal grains, a sintered body thereof, diamond grains, or the like, or a combination thereof can be used. Moreover, when providing a slit in a circular saw, it can provide in a rotation surface at equal angular intervals. For example, when there are eight slits, the slits are provided at intervals of 45 degrees. Here, the “equal angular interval” includes not only a case where the angular interval is exactly equal, but also a substantially equal angular interval. The slit preferably reaches the outer edge of the circular saw, but may not reach the outer edge. In addition, the slit is preferably provided in a straight line shape along the radial direction. However, the slit is not limited to this, and the slit may be inclined or curved. The thickness of the main part of the circular saw need not be uniform, and the base metal thickness can be changed from the center toward the outer periphery. In this case, the clearance between the width of the main body part that is most deformed and the width of the blade part can be set as light. It is preferable to be able to bend by providing a slit in the circular saw, but it can be a separate type circular saw in which a plurality of fan-shaped members are arranged circumferentially to form a circle.

  The rotating means 30 rotates the circular saw, but when the circular saw and the urging means rotate together, the urging means can also be rotated by the rotating means. Further, at least a part of the urging means is configured to be rotatable by a bearing or the like, and can be configured to rotate following the rotation of the circular saw.

  The urging means 40 can apply a pressing force capable of bending the outer peripheral portion of the circular saw. Here, the outer peripheral portion of the circular saw is a portion that is cut into the workpiece on the outer peripheral side of the circular saw. As the biasing means, for example, a pneumatic type, a hydraulic type, an electromagnetic type, a contact type, or the like can be used. The contact type is preferable in terms of accuracy. Further, as long as a curvature can be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the circular saw, the urging portion may be provided anywhere on the rotation surface of the circular saw, but a plurality of locations may be provided at equal angular intervals (substantially equal angular intervals) in the circumferential direction. Further, the urging means can be provided only on one side of the rotary surface of the circular saw, or can be provided on both sides. The biasing means preferably rotates together with the circular saw, but may be configured not to rotate together. In the case where they do not rotate together, the biasing means can be non-contact type, or a roller or the like can be provided at the contact site. In addition, when the circular saw and the biasing means rotate together, a ring-shaped flange that can press the position of a predetermined radius from the rotation center of the circular saw is provided so that the circular saw can be stably pressed in the circumferential direction. Can do. Further, it can be pressed at a plurality of points in the circumferential direction. In that case, it is possible to stabilize the pressing position by providing a concave portion, a hole, or the like at the contact portion. Furthermore, since the contact portion moves slightly in the radial direction by curving the circular saw, the contact portion can be made slidable or a sphere or the like can be interposed. The biasing means preferably applies a pressing force evenly along the circumferential direction of the circular saw, but the pressing force can be changed according to the curvature change of the cutting line before and after the traveling direction of the cutting line. . The urging means is preferably able to change the pressing force while the circular saw is rotating, but it can be pressed while the circular saw is stopped and the pressing force can be fixed while the circular saw is rotating. The urging means only needs to be able to apply a pressing force capable of bending the outer periphery of the circular saw, so that even when the circular shaft has a predetermined radius within the rotating surface of the circular saw, the vicinity of the central axis of the circular saw is fixed and pressed. Alternatively, conversely, a circumferential portion having a predetermined radius may be fixed and the vicinity of the central axis may be pressed, or both of them may be combined. The pressing by the urging means is performed in a “direction parallel to the rotation axis”, but not only in the parallel direction but also for the purpose of curving the outer periphery of the circular saw. Can have a range of angles.

  The control means can be used by customizing the control means used in a general cutting apparatus. The control means can control the rotating speed of the circular saw 20 by controlling the rotating means 30, and can control the radius of curvature of the main body portion 26 by controlling the biasing means 40 and deflecting the circular saw 20. It is possible to control the moving means (not shown) to move the circular saw 20 relative to the workpiece 10 along a preset curve. Then, the control means deflects the main body portion 26 within the range of the cutting width cut by the front blade portion 21F in the traveling direction E of the circular saw 20, and the blade at the rear of the circular saw 20 in the traveling direction E. The circular saw 20 is moved relative to the workpiece 10 so that the portion 21R passes through the range of the cutting width cut by the blade portion 21F in front of the traveling direction E of the circular saw 20, and the circular saw 20 The workpiece 21 can be cut along a preset curve by the blade portion 21F in front of the traveling direction E.

  When the circular saw is curved, the rotation shaft and the blade surface of the circular saw are inclined from the vertical, so that the relative angle between the workpiece and the rotating means can be variably controlled. The start of cutting of the circular saw into the workpiece may be performed by cutting the circular saw from the end of the workpiece or by cutting perpendicularly to the processing surface of the workpiece. Moreover, the curve cutting apparatus 1 can be controlled by a known control means (not shown). For example, the curved cutting device 1 can be efficiently machined by being applied to a CNC machine tool capable of controlling a plurality of axes such as a 5-axis machine tool.

  Hereinafter, the curve cutting method according to the present embodiment will be described.

  8 to 10 are schematic diagrams for explaining the curved cutting method according to the present invention. FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a circle XI indicated by a broken line in FIG. 8 to 10, the workpiece 10 such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is rounded in the traveling directions E4 to E6 along virtual curves 11a and 11b set in advance from the upper left to the lower right of the drawing. The saw 20 moves and cuts. The virtual curves 11a and 11b show the vicinity of the inflection point of the curve composed of two continuous arcs in FIGS. 8 to 10, the curve on the right side of the traveling direction of the circular saw 20 shows an example in which the arc having the center O3 and the radius of curvature R3 and the arc having the center O4 and the radius of curvature R4 are continuous. The positions S1F to S5F and the positions S1R to S5R are, for example, on a virtual curve 11a of a program input in advance to the CNC machine tool in the workpiece 10 before cutting, and are processed in the workpiece 10 after cutting. It becomes the curved product surface 12a of the rear groove 12. The blade portion 21 proceeds so that one end portion in the width direction of the blade portion 21 (the end portion on the right side in the traveling direction in FIGS. 8 to 11) is in contact with the curve 11a.

  In FIG. 8, the front blade portion 21F in the traveling direction E4 of the curved circular saw 20 is at a position S1F on the arc having a radius of curvature R3, the rear blade portion 21R is at the position S1R, and the body portion 26 and the rear blade portion. 21R does not interfere with the product surfaces 12a and 12b of the cut groove 12. The blade portion 21F in FIG. 8 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 11, the traveling direction E3 is the traveling direction of the blade portion 21F until the blade portion 21F reaches the current position S1F on the arc having the radius of curvature R3, and the traveling direction E4 is the traveling direction E4 from the current position S1F. This is the direction of travel toward the next position S2F on the arc of curvature radius R4. As shown in FIG. 11, the maximum width (see FIG. 5) of the front blade portion 21F is the cutting width B, and the right end of the traveling direction E3 in the maximum width of the blade portion 21F is the current curve 11a. The workpiece 10 is in contact with the position S1F. A direction V perpendicular to the width direction W of the blade portion 21F is in contact with the curve so as to be tangent to the arc of the product surface 12a at the current position S1F. When the right end of the blade portion 21F passes the position S1F, the traveling direction of the blade portion 21F is changed to E4 toward the next position S2F separated by a minute distance, and the circular saw 20 is moved.

  As described above, the direction V of the blade portion 21F is tangent to the arc of the product surface 12a at the current position S1F, so that it is possible to prevent the circular saw from being bent and the blade portion 21 from being unevenly worn.

  In FIG. 9, the curvature of the main body portion 26 of the circular saw 20 changes compared to FIG. 8, and the right end portion of the front blade portion 21F reaches the position S2F. At the position S2F, the right end of the blade portion 21 in the width direction is in contact with the curve so that the direction orthogonal to the width direction of the blade portion 21 at the position S2F is tangent to the arc (curve 11a) having the curvature radius R4. . In the movement of the circular saw 20 from the state of FIG. 8 to the state of FIG. 9, the main body portion 26 changes its curvature within the range of the cut groove 12, and does not interfere with the product surfaces 12a and 12b. The change in the curvature is a range in which the maximum distance for changing the deflection of the main body 26 during the movement of the circular saw 20 to the position S2F in FIG. 9 which is the next position separated from the position S1F in FIG. Can be within. The direction in which the deflection is changed is one of the directions (see FIG. 4) along the rotation axis O at the height of the workpiece 10 due to the structure of the apparatus.

  As described above, if the circular saw 20 is bent within the range of the settling, interference between the main body portion 26 and the product surfaces 12a and 12b can be prevented.

The movement of the circular saw 20 from the state of FIG. 8 to the state of FIG. 9 may be made along the traveling direction E4, but between adjacent positions set on the curve 11a, in this case from the position S1F. Interpolation operation can be performed in a small interval of S2F. This interpolation operation can be performed by linear interpolation or curve interpolation. By the interpolation operation in this section, the traveling direction E4 can be gradually changed from the traveling direction E3 to the traveling direction E4 so that the traveling direction E4 is parallel to the direction V perpendicular to the width direction W of the blade portion 21F at the position S2F. Further, the movement of the circular saw 20 in this section can be accompanied by a turning operation with a radius R in the turning direction G about the vertical axis P.

  In such an interpolation operation, for example, an approximation curve is obtained based on a plurality of command point sequence data on the curve 11a preset in the NC machine tool, interpolation is performed, and machining along the curve 11a can be performed. . In this case, the command point sequence data corresponds to the positions S1F to S5F on the curve 11a.

  Similarly, the deflection of the circular saw 20 can be changed from the state shown in FIG. 9 to the state shown in FIG. 10, and the circular saw 20 can be moved along the traveling direction E5 while turning as necessary.

  Next, an embodiment in which the rotational axis O of the circular saw 20 is inclined in the curved cutting method and the curved cutting apparatus described so far will be described.

  FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the product surface after processing the workpiece. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining the concept of the curve cutting method according to the present invention. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram for explaining the concept of the curve cutting method according to the present invention. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram for explaining the concept of the curve cutting method according to the present invention.

  First, as described above, the curved cutting method and the curved cutting device described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14 can cut an arbitrary curve, but as shown in FIG. The product surface 12a of the processed workpiece 10 is slightly inclined from the end portion 16 of the upper surface 14 of the workpiece 10 toward the end portion 17 of the lower surface of the workpiece 10. This inclination occurs so that, for example, when the product surface 12a is inside the curvature, the angle of the product surface 12a with respect to the upper surface 14 at the end 16 is slightly larger than 90 degrees.

  The inclination of the product surface 12a of the workpiece 10 is that the circular saw 20 is bent as shown schematically in FIG. This occurs because the curvature radius R5 of the curve to be cut differs from the curvature radius R6 of the curve to be cut by the circular saw blade 21F at the height of the lower surface 15 of the workpiece 10.

  Therefore, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 2, the cutting process is performed by inclining the rotation axis O of the circular saw 20, and the upper surface 14 of the circular saw 20 of the workpiece 10 on the rotation axis O side and the processed product surface 12a. Can be cut at a predetermined angle. In FIG. 2, the processed product surface 12 a is set so as to be cut into a surface perpendicular to the lower surface 15. When the rotation axis O of the circular saw 20 is tilted in this way, as shown in FIG. 17, the radius of curvature R5 of the circular saw blade portion 21F at the height of the upper surface 14 of the workpiece 10 and the workpiece 10 The radius of curvature R6 cut by the circular saw blade portion 21F at the height of the lower surface 15 can be the same radius of curvature. In FIG. 17, the main body portion 26 a shows a cross section of the main body portion 26 at the height position of the upper surface 14, and the main body portion 26 b shows a cross section of the main body portion 26 at the height position of the lower surface 15.

  Further, the movement of inclining the rotation axis O of the circular saw 20 with respect to the workpiece 10 can be performed by an inclination moving means (not shown) such as a servo motor in accordance with a command from the control means according to a preset inclination angle.

  Thus, by tilting the circular saw 20, the processed product surface 12a with respect to the upper surface 14 can be processed at a predetermined angle. In particular, by adjusting the inclination of the circular saw 20, the inclination can be eliminated and the product surface 12 a can be made perpendicular to the upper surface 14.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the rotation axis O can be tilted within a range in which the main body portion 26 of the circular saw 20 does not interfere with the workpiece 10 in the cutting width. That is, the rotation axis O of the circular saw 20 can be tilted within the range of the width cut by the blade portion 21F forward in the traveling direction and the side surface of the main body portion 26 is not in contact with the product surfaces 12a and 12b. The cutting width is the width B of the blade portion 21F as shown in FIG. 18A, and is round within the range of so-called clamming distances C and D resulting from the clearance of the width between the blade portion 21F and the main body portion 26. This means that the saw 20 can be tilted.

  By using the claws as described above, the circular saw 20 can be tilted to a desired angle without contacting the workpiece 10.

  By tilting the rotation axis O, the circular saw 20 moves in the vertical direction with respect to the upper surface 14 of the workpiece 10. This movement changes the radius of curvature of the main body portion 26 at the portion in contact with the workpiece 10. Therefore, at this time, the rotation axis O can be inclined and the circular saw 20 can be moved relative to the upper surface 14 to change the distance between the rotation center of the circular saw 20 and the upper surface 14.

  By moving the circular saw 20 with respect to the upper surface 14 in this way, a change in the radius of curvature caused by the inclination of the circular saw 20 can be corrected.

  The circular saw 20 or the workpiece 10 can be moved using various known moving means of the machine tool, for example, a servo motor.

A continuous cutting test of two continuous arcs having a radius of 5000 mm was performed by a curved cutting method. In the continuous cutting test, a curved cutting device (4-axis NC processing machine) equipped with a circular saw having a diameter of 305 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm, a blade thickness of 3.5 mm, and a slit type R-02 was used. The workpiece used was a 10 mm thick plywood board. The rotational speed of the circular saw was 3000 min ⁻¹ , and the feed speed of the circular saw was 3000 mm / min. The processing conditions are shown in Table 1.

  The NC program of the curve cutting apparatus was tested by linear interpolation with the vicinity of the inflection point of the virtual curve to be processed divided into ten.

  After processing, the shape of one processed surface of the veneer plywood was measured using a three-dimensional measuring machine. The measurement range measured the edge part of the upper surface of a veneer plywood at an interval of 25 mm. The shape measurement results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the surface to be machined was able to draw a gentle S-shaped curve, and two continuous arcs could be cut by a curve.

A cutting test of an arc having a radius of 5000 mm was performed by a curved cutting method. In the cutting test, a curved cutting device (4-axis NC processing machine) equipped with a circular saw having a diameter of 305 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm, a blade thickness of 3.5 mm, and a slit type R-02 was used. As a workpiece, a CFRP plate having a thickness of 10 mm was used. The rotational speed of the circular saw was 3000 min ⁻¹ , and the feed speed of the circular saw was 3000 mm / min. The processing conditions are shown in Table 2.

三次元測定機により加工後の被加工物の上面の端部と下面の端部の輪郭形状を測定し、図１９に示した。実線は設定した半径５０００ｍｍの円弧を示し、黒い四角で示した点は被加工物の上面の端部の輪郭形状を示し、白抜きの丸で示した点は被加工物の下面の端部の輪郭形状を示した。上面の端部の輪郭形状は設定された半径５０００ｍｍの円弧と一致していることがわかるが、下面の端部の輪郭形状はわずかではあるが設定された円弧と差
があることがわかった。そして、この差は、上面に対する加工後の製品面の傾き（９１．７９度）として現れた。

The contour shape of the edge part of the upper surface and the edge part of a lower surface of the workpiece after a process was measured with the three-dimensional measuring machine, and it showed in FIG. The solid line indicates an arc having a set radius of 5000 mm, the point indicated by a black square indicates the outline shape of the upper end of the workpiece, and the point indicated by a white circle indicates the end of the lower end of the workpiece. The contour shape is shown. It can be seen that the contour shape of the end portion of the upper surface coincides with the set circular arc having a radius of 5000 mm, but the contour shape of the end portion of the lower surface is slightly different from the set arc. And this difference appeared as the inclination (91.79 degree) of the product surface after processing with respect to the upper surface.

  Next, using FEM analysis, the radius of curvature of the curve set on the workpiece and the tilt angle of the rotary shaft of the circular saw that makes the product surface perpendicular to the upper surface, that is, the height of the product surface with respect to the upper surface. The relationship between the inclination angle of the rotating shaft when the main part of the circular saw becomes vertical within the range is calculated and shown in FIG. The machining conditions were the same as in Table 2, and the cutting edge of the circular saw was made to project 5 mm from the lower surface of the workpiece. In addition, the inclination angle was set to 0 degree when the upper surface of the workpiece and the rotation axis of the circular saw were parallel when viewed from the front in the traveling direction. Based on this result, in order to set the radius of curvature of the curve to be processed to 5000 mm, the inclination angle of the rotary shaft of the circular saw is 1.725 degrees, so that the inclination of the product surface after processing can be eliminated. all right.

  Therefore, except that the angle of inclination of the rotary shaft of the circular saw was changed to 1.725 degrees, the distance from the center of the arc to the center of the blade part was determined as the condition of the upper surface position and the lower surface position of the workpiece. FEM analysis was performed as to whether or not they match. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 21, the broken line is the shape of the circular saw blade at the upper surface position of the workpiece, and the solid line is the shape of the blade at the lower surface position. The broken line and the solid line almost coincided, and it was found that the blade portion of the circular saw swivels on the same curve at the position of the upper surface and the lower surface.

  Furthermore, under the same conditions, the amount of pushing of the circular saw was 1.234 mm, and the shape of the main body when the circular saw was tilted was calculated using FEM analysis and shown in FIG. It was. In FIG. 22, the points indicated by squares indicate the contour shape of the main body on the upper surface of the workpiece (the distance from the rotation center of the circular saw is 137.5 mm), and the broken lines indicate arcs having a radius of 4951 mm, indicated by circles. The dots indicate the contour shape of the main body on the lower surface of the workpiece (the distance from the center of rotation of the circular saw is 147.5 mm), and the solid line indicates an arc having a radius of 5319 mm. It was found that the contour shape of the main body portion was also an arc shape on the upper surface and the lower surface.

  Further, under the same conditions, the curvature radius of the main body with respect to the inclination angle of the central axis of the circular saw at the position of the upper surface was calculated and shown in FIG. The radius of curvature of the main body is a curved radius of curvature when the cross section of the main body is viewed from the lower surface side at the position of the upper surface. It was found that the radius of curvature increases as the angle of inclination of the circular saw increases. For this reason, it has been found that when the inclination angle of the circular saw is increased, so-called Z-axis control is required in which the rotation center of the circular saw is moved closer to the workpiece.

  Finally, the relationship between the tilt angle and the plate thickness of the workable workpiece when the same circular saw was tilted within the set range (1 mm left and right of the main body) was calculated and shown in FIG. Since the main body must be tilted without interfering with the work piece within the range of the settling, the plate thickness that can be processed is limited by the width of the set up. If the plate thickness is thick, the angle of inclination of the circular saw cannot be increased. I understood it.

  From this, the circular saw was cut by tilting the rotary shaft of the circular saw at a predetermined angle with respect to the work piece while taking into consideration the conditions such as the width of the claws, the plate thickness of the work piece, and the control of the Z axis. It has been found that the product surface of the workpiece can be cut at a predetermined angle when bending the curve.

1: Curve cutting device, 10: Workpiece, 11, 11a, 11b: Curve, 12: Groove, 12a, 12b: Product surface after processing, 14: Upper surface, 15: Lower surface, 16: End of upper surface, 17: End part of the lower surface, 20: Circular saw, 21, 21F, 21R: Blade part, 22: Slit, 23: Center part, 24: Biasing part, 26: Main part, 30: Rotating means, 31: Pulley, 32: Spindle, 3
3: Angular bearing, 34: Ball bearing, 35: Thrust bearing, 40: Energizing means, 41, 42: Ring-shaped flange, 43: Ten thousand weights, 44: Pin, 45: Draw bar, 50: Pressing means, 51: Servo Motor, 52, 53: Spur gear, 54: Ball bearing, 55: Advance / retract mechanism, 56: Crank bar, 57, 58: Support pin, A: Body width, B: Blade width, C, D: Clam , E, E1 to E6: traveling direction, G: turning direction, O: rotation axis, O1, O2, O3, O4: center, P: vertical axis, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6: radius of curvature, V: orthogonal direction, W: blade width direction

Claims (11)

A processing method for cutting a workpiece using a circular saw having a substantially disc-shaped main body portion and a blade portion formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion,
Moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece, and cutting the workpiece along a predetermined curve with a blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw,
In the cutting step, the main body is deflected within a range of a cutting width cut by a blade portion ahead of the circular saw in the traveling direction, and a blade portion behind the traveling direction of the circular saw is the cutting width. Moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece so as to pass through
The curve has a first curve and a second curve that is continuous with the first curve, the first position on the first curve, and the first position separated by a minute distance from the first position. When the second position on the curve 2 is set,
While the circular saw moves from the current position to the next position separated by a minute distance, the deflection of the main body is changed within the range of the settling,
The blade portion proceeds so that one end portion in the width direction of the blade portion is in contact with the first curve and the second curve,
In the first position, the end portion is tangent to the first curve in a direction orthogonal to the width direction of the blade portion,
The edge cutting method is a curved cutting method in which a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade portion is tangent to the second curve at the second position . In claim 1 ,
The first curve has a first curvature;
The curve cutting method, wherein the second curve has a second curvature different from the first curvature. In claim 1 or 2 ,
The first curve is a first arc having a first center;
The curve cutting method, wherein the second curve is a second arc having a second center at a position different from the first center. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 ,
The circular cutting method is a curved cutting method in which the circular saw moves by performing an interpolation operation between the first position and the second position. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 ,
In the cutting step, the rotary shaft of the circular saw is inclined, and the upper surface of the workpiece on the rotary shaft side of the circular saw and the processed product surface are cut at a predetermined angle. Method. In claim 5 ,
The rotating shaft is a curved cutting method in which the main body of the circular saw is tilted within a range in which the circular saw does not interfere with the workpiece in the cutting width. In claim 5 or 6 ,
The cutting step is a curved cutting method in which the rotation axis is inclined and the circular saw is moved relative to the upper surface to change the interval between the rotation center of the circular saw and the upper surface. A circular saw having a substantially disc-shaped main body portion, and a blade portion formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion;
A rotating means for rotating the circular saw;
A biasing means for biasing a side surface of the main body of the circular saw in a direction parallel to a rotation axis to curve the circular saw;
Moving means for moving the circular saw relative to the workpiece;
Control means for controlling the rotating means, the biasing means, and the moving means;
Have
The control means bends the main body within a range of a cutting width cut by a blade in front of the circular saw in the traveling direction, and a blade at the rear in the traveling direction of the circular saw The circular saw is moved relative to the workpiece so as to pass through the range of the cutting width cut by the blade portion in the forward direction of travel, and the blade portion in the forward direction of the circular saw is preset. Cutting the workpiece along the curved line ,
The curve has a first curve and a second curve continuous with the first curve, and the curve has a first position on the first curve and a small distance from the first position. When the second position on the second curve is set, the control means sets the range of the settling while the circular saw moves to the next position separated by a minute distance from the current position. The deflection of the main body is changed, and the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade portion at one end in the width direction of the blade portion is tangent to the first curve at the first position. Curve cutting which advances the blade part and advances the blade part so that the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the blade part at the end is tangent to the second curve at the second position. apparatus. In claim 8 ,
Further comprising an inclination moving means for inclining the rotary shaft of the circular saw with respect to the workpiece;
The control means tilts the rotary shaft of the circular saw by the tilt moving means, and cuts the upper surface of the circular saw on the rotary shaft side of the workpiece and the processed product surface at a predetermined angle. A curved cutting device. In claim 9 ,
The rotary shaft is a curved cutting device in which the main body portion of the circular saw is tilted within a range in which the circular saw does not interfere with the workpiece in the cutting width. In claim 10 ,
The control means tilts the rotation shaft and moves the circular saw relative to the upper surface to change the interval between the rotation center of the circular saw and the upper surface.

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