JP6150209B2 - Tunnel ventilation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel ventilation method used when excavating a tunnel.

  As a tunnel ventilation facility and ventilation method used when excavating a tunnel, there are facilities and methods equipped with an air passage for blowing fresh air such as air outside the tunnel (outside air). Further, as the air passage, an air pipe made of a plastic having a flame retardancy and a soft property, a plastic coating cloth, or the like is frequently used because it has high flexibility according to the progress of excavation and is inexpensive.

  On the other hand, when constructing roads, railroads, underground storage bases, underground power plants, etc., tunnels may extend over long distances or branch into multiple branches. In addition, even when branching into a plurality of cases, the main shaft, advanced guiding shaft, evacuation shaft, drainage shaft, etc. branch from the tip of a tunnel (so-called access tunnel) such as a vertical shaft, horizontal shaft, inclined shaft, etc. There are various modes such as a case where one or a plurality of tunnels are branched from the middle of the main tunnel. In any case, these tunnels have a complicated structure.

  At present, tunnel ventilation facilities and ventilation methods using wind tubes are used for such long-distance tunnels and tunnels that branch into multiple branches, as in the case of short or non-branching tunnels. Of course, when the tunnel is long-distance or branches into multiple, the main wind pipes are arranged in the tunnel part on the wellhead side, and the wind pipes following the tunnel part on the face side are arranged respectively. In general, the pipes are communicated with each other by interposing a repeater if necessary.

  However, in the tunnel part on the wellhead side and the tunnel part on the face side, or in the tunnel part on the same face side, depending on each tunnel part, the dust (dust) concentration and gas concentration (hereinafter referred to as these concentrations) in the tunnel respectively. Are also simply referred to as “contamination concentrations”), differing to the extent that ventilation is required, that is, the amount of air flow. Therefore, the ventilation equipment / ventilation method for long-distance tunnels and tunnels that diverge into multiple tunnels is more complicated.

To supplement this point, first, for example, tunnel excavation in the blasting method is used for marking, drilling, charging, blasting, sliding, sawing, primary concrete spraying, support construction, secondary concrete spraying, etc. It progresses by repeating the work. And the pollution concentration in a tunnel changes for every operation | work. Specifically, the contamination concentration is high during blasting, primary concrete spraying, secondary concrete spraying, and the like, and the contamination concentration is low during other operations. By way of example a bit, it must blast volume, for example, 600 meters ³ / min (minute) during marking, drilling during 900 meters ³ / min (minute), 900 meters ³ / min (minute) during charge, 2000 m when blasting ³ / Min (min), 1500 m ³ / min (min) at the time of sliding, 1200 m ³ / min (min) at the time of throwing, 1500 m ³ / min (min) at the time of primary concrete spraying. Therefore, since the progress of excavation is different even in the tunnel portion on the same face side, the air flow rate is different for each tunnel portion. In addition, when the cross-sectional area is different for each tunnel portion on each face side, this also causes a difference in the air flow rate. Furthermore, since the tunnel portion on the face side becomes longer as the excavation progresses, the necessary air flow rate increases. In addition to the blasting method, for example, a mechanical excavation method exists as a tunnel excavation method. However, in any excavation method, it is the same that the contamination concentration in the tunnel changes for each work. Therefore, the present invention described later can be suitably used regardless of the tunnel excavation method.

Under the background as described above, Patent Document 1 proposes the following wind pipe, taking as an example the case where two tunnels branch from the middle of the main tunnel.
That is, “a reducer with a narrowed tip opening was provided in the main pipe and the branch pipe on the downstream side of the branch portion, and the branch pipe was branched from an appropriate place in the middle of the main pipe provided with the air blowing means at the suction port. This is a wind pipe with a branch pipe.

  However, when this wind pipe is adopted, the main pipe becomes negative pressure when the amount of air blown from the branch pipe increases, and therefore, there is a problem that the main pipe is deflated if it has softness. Therefore, when the wind pipe is employed, it is necessary to always fix the air flow rate of the branch pipe and the main pipe to the maximum, which is inferior in energy efficiency. In addition, when adopting the wind pipe, in some cases, it is necessary to increase the size of the air blowing means, and depending on the environment near the wellhead, it becomes impossible to carry in the air blowing means and the construction itself becomes impossible. There is also a risk.

  In order to prevent the main pipe from deflating, for example, a method of separating a repeater such as a reducer from the main pipe or the branch pipe is also conceivable. However, according to this method, there is a possibility that contaminated air in the tunnel flows into the wind pipe from the separated part. In addition, fresh air may flow out from the separated part. A fresh air spill means a reduction in energy efficiency.

JP-A-3-279741

  The main problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation method that is excellent in energy efficiency and can be applied even when the tunnel extends over a long distance or when it is branched into a plurality of branches.

The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.
(Reference invention 1)
A main air passage disposed on the tunnel entrance side of the tunnel, main air blowing means provided in the main air passage, one or more subordinate air passages disposed on the face of the tunnel, the subordinate air passage, and the A tunnel ventilation facility having a repeater communicating with a main air passage,
The repeater has a buffer space into which gas from the main air passage flows, and the gas in the buffer space flows out to the sub air passage,
A pressure gauge for measuring the pressure in the buffer space, a secondary air supply means provided in the secondary air passage, a main control means for controlling the air flow rate of the main air supply means based on the measured value of the pressure gauge, Subordinate control means for controlling the amount of air blown by the subordinate air blowing means,
Tunnel ventilation equipment characterized by that.

(Reference invention 2)
A secondary pressure gauge for measuring the pressure on the outlet side of the secondary blowing means,
With the measurement value of the sub pressure gauge as at least one factor, the sub control means is configured to control the air flow rate of the sub air blowing means.
A tunnel ventilation facility according to Reference Invention 1.

(Invention of Claim 1)
A main air passage is disposed on the tunnel entrance side, the main air passage is provided with main air blowing means, and one or a plurality of subordinate air passages are disposed on the face side of the tunnel, and the subordinate air passage and the main air passage are provided. A tunnel ventilation method in which a passage is communicated by a relay, and gas is blown into the tunnel through the main air passage and the sub air passage,
As the repeater, it has a buffer space into which the gas from the main air passage flows, and uses the configuration in which the gas in the buffer space flows out to the subordinate air passage,
The buffer space functions as a buffer space for the gas flowing through the secondary air passage, and when the amount of air flowing through the secondary air passage begins to increase, the amount of gas flowing through the secondary air passage through the secondary air passage becomes insufficient. Is made up of
A pressure gauge that measures the pressure in the buffer space, and a blower unit that follows the follower air passage, so that the pressure in the buffer space is within a predetermined range based on the measured value of the pressure gauge. Subordinate control means for controlling the start and stop of the subordinate blower means based on the measured value of the pressure gauge , comprising main control means for driving the main blower means and thereby controlling the amount of air blown by the main blower means With
In the case where the face side of the tunnel is branched into a plurality from the main air passage, and configures the plurality of subordinate air passages,
Providing a main air flow detector in the main air passage, and providing an air flow detector in accordance with each of the subordinate air passages;
When the main air flow rate detected by the main air flow rate detector is compared with the sum of the sub air flow rates detected by the plurality of sub air flow rate detectors, if the deviation is excessively large, air leakage occurs in the sub air flow path. Judge that there is,
A tunnel ventilation method characterized by that.

(Main effects)
According to the tunnel ventilation equipment / method in which the repeater has a buffer space into which gas from the main air passage flows, and controls the air volume of the main air blowing means based on the pressure of the buffer space, the air volume of the main air blowing means is It can always be a minimum value. Therefore, it is excellent in energy efficiency.

In addition, when the gas in the buffer space is configured to flow out to the subordinate air passage, the air passage in which the air in the buffer space temporarily follows in the case where the amount of air in the subordinate air passage starts to increase. It will make up for the shortage of air that flows into the. Therefore, even if there is a slight time lag (delay) in the increase in the amount of air blown by the main air blowing means, the air can be smoothly blown.
If the deviation is excessively large by comparing the main air flow rate and the total amount of the sub air flow rate, it can be determined that there is an air leak in the subordinate air passage, and the presence or absence of the air leak can be determined appropriately.
Here, the necessary main air volume and sub-air volume are determined based on the cross section of the tunnel and the progress of the construction. Therefore, the deviation between the main air blowing amount and the sum of the sub air blowing amounts, which is a criterion for determining the air leakage, may be appropriately selected depending on the target site.

(Reference invention 3)
In the case where the face side of the tunnel is branched into a plurality of branches, each of the branched tunnels includes the subordinate air passage,
The main air blowing means corresponding to the maximum total value is used by adjusting the progress of the work in the branch tunnel so that the maximum total value of the contamination concentration in the plurality of branching tunnels becomes a minimum value. The tunnel ventilation method described.

(Main effects)
Based on the maximum total value of the pollutant concentration, the progress of the work at the branch tunnel by adjusting each unduly prevent the use of feed Kazete stages of large, it is possible to economical operation.

  According to the present invention, the tunnel ventilation method is excellent in energy efficiency that can be applied even when the tunnel extends over a long distance or when the tunnel is branched into a plurality of branches.

It is explanatory drawing of a tunnel ventilation equipment and a tunnel ventilation method. It is an example of arrangement | positioning of the various apparatuses which comprise a tunnel ventilation installation. It is explanatory drawing of the positional relationship of the tunnel itself and the various apparatuses which comprise tunnel ventilation equipment.

Next, modes for carrying out the invention will be described.
(Application example)
As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel ventilator of the present embodiment includes a main air passage 2 arranged on the tunnel head side of the tunnel T, a subordinate air passage 6 arranged on the face side of the tunnel T, the main air passage 2, and Devices such as the relay 3 that communicates with the subordinate air passage 6 are appropriately combined.

  When the tunnel T extends over a long distance, these elements 2, 3 and 6 are, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (1), in the order of the main air passage 2, the relay 3, and the subordinate air passage 6. In addition to being able to communicate, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), the main air passage 2, the relay 3, the secondary air passage 6, the relay 3 and the secondary air passage 6 can be communicated in this order. . In other words, the tunnel ventilation facility / method of the present invention can be connected to a plurality of serially repeated air passages 6 through the repeater 3 in series, and can be applied to a tunnel over an extremely long distance. Can do.

  In addition, as a case where the tunnel T branches into a plurality, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (3), in addition to the case where a plurality of subordinate tunnels TB branch from the middle of the main tunnel TA, 4) As shown in 4), the tunnel TB followed by the main mine, advanced guiding mine, evacuation mine, drainage mine, etc. branches off from the tip of the main tunnel (access tunnel) TA such as a vertical pit, horizontal mine, and inclined shaft. It can also be applied to cases.

  It should be noted that in the tunnel ventilator and method of the present invention, it is essential that the main air passage 2 is disposed in the main tunnel TA and the air passage 6 in accordance with the subordinate tunnel TB is disposed. This is not a requirement. That is, as shown in (2) of FIG. 3, as shown in (2) of FIG. 3, as shown in (2) of FIG. 3, as shown in (2) of FIG. The main air passage 2 extends to the middle of the tunnel TB, and the subordinate air passage 6 is arranged through the repeater 3 from the middle of the subordinate tunnel TB, or the tunnel TB that the subordinate air passage 6 follows. It is also possible to repeat the arrangement via the repeater 3 in FIG.

  Therefore, in the following, among various application modes, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of, from the front end portion (termination portion) of the main tunnel (access tunnel) TA, in the illustrated example, six subordinate tunnels TB˜ A case where the TG branches will be described as an example.

(Blower passage)
In this embodiment, a main air passage 2, a secondary air passage 6, and an auxiliary air passage 4 are provided as air passages. The main air passage 2 is disposed on the wellhead side of the tunnel T, in the illustrated example, the main tunnel TA. Further, the subordinate air passage 6 is arranged on the face side of the tunnel T, in the illustrated example, subordinate tunnels TB to TG. Further, the auxiliary air passage 4 is a position connecting the repeater 3 and the subordinate air blowing means 5 and is arranged in the subordinate tunnels TB to TG in the illustrated example.

  For these air passages 2, 4 and 6, so-called ducts and general wind tubes (including hard wind tubes) can also be used. However, from the viewpoints of economy and workability, it is preferable to use a wind tube having softness (soft wind tube), and it is more preferable to use a wind tube having softness and flame retardancy. As the flexible wind tube, a wind tube made of tarpaulin can be suitably used.

(Blower means)
In this embodiment, a main air blowing means 1 that blows air from the main air passage 2 and a sub air blowing means 5 that blows air from the sub air passage 6 are provided. The main air blowing means 1 is disposed in the vicinity of the wellhead of the main tunnel TA. The main air blowing means 1 takes in fresh air (outside air) outside the tunnel and blows air inside the main air passage 2. Further, the subordinate blowing means 5 is arranged on the start end side of the subordinate tunnels TB to TG, that is, the main tunnel TA side. The subordinate air blowing means 5 takes in the air from the main air passage 2 through the relay 3 and the auxiliary air passage 4, and blows the air inside the subordinate air passage 6 toward the face.

  In the present embodiment, a main air flow detector 8A is provided for the main air blowing means 1, and air flow detectors 8B to 8G according to the sub air blowing means 5 are provided. According to this embodiment, it is possible to detect the outflow of air from the air passages 2, 4 and 6 from the relationship between the air flow rate by the subordinate air flow rate detectors 8B to 8G and the air flow rate by the main air flow rate detector 8A. it can.

  Here, in this embodiment, since the face side of the tunnel T branches to the subordinate tunnels TB to TG, the maximum total value of the contamination concentrations in the plurality of subordinate tunnels TB to TG becomes the minimum value. Thus, it is preferable to adjust the progress of the work in each of the subordinate tunnels TB to TG and use a device corresponding to the maximum total value as the main blowing means 1. According to this form, the main air blowing means 1 can be reduced in size, carrying-in, installation, etc. become easy, and it is excellent in energy efficiency.

(Repeater)
In this embodiment, a repeater 3 that communicates the main air passage 2 and the subordinate air passage 6 via the auxiliary air passage 4 in the illustrated example is provided. The repeater 3 is disposed in the vicinity of the branch portion where the subordinate tunnels TB to TG branch, which is the front end portion (termination portion) of the main tunnel TA.

  The repeater 3 is provided in the tunnel T (TA to TG) so that the air in the air passages 2, 4, 6 does not flow out of the main air passage 2 and the subordinate air passage 6 or the auxiliary air passage 4. So that the contaminated air does not flow into the air passages 2, 4, 6.

  Here, the repeater 3 of this embodiment has a buffer space (not shown) into which air from the main air passage 2 flows, and the air in the buffer space flows out to the subordinate air passage 6 or the auxiliary air passage 4. It is set as the structure to which it has. When the repeater 3 having this configuration is used, when the amount of air blown from the secondary air passage 6 or the auxiliary air passage 4 starts to increase, the air passage 6 or the auxiliary air passage 4 where the air in the buffer space temporarily follows. It will make up for the shortage of air that flows into the. Therefore, even if the increase in the amount of air blown by the main air blowing means 1 is slightly delayed, it is possible to continue blowing smoothly. That is, the buffer space of the repeater 3 functions as a buffer space for air to be blown.

  Note that, in the present embodiment in which there are a plurality of subordinate tunnels TB to TG, the amount of air blown by the subordinate blower means 5 changes for each subordinate blower means 5, so that the total amount of air blown by the subordinate blower means 5 is Change is extremely intense. Therefore, the presence of this buffer space is extremely useful.

  Thus, since the buffer space of the repeater 3 functions as a buffer, it does not have to be just a space, but needs to be a space having a predetermined capacity or more. Since the required capacity of the buffer space differs depending on the performance of the main air blowing means 1 and the like, it cannot be said unconditionally. In addition to the performance of the main air blowing means 1 itself, the performance of the control means for controlling the main air blowing means 1, depending on circumstances. This is determined in consideration of the performance of the subordinate air blowing means 5 and the like. However, if the capacity of the buffer space is large, it does not cause a major inconvenience in the tunnel ventilation equipment and method of this embodiment, so if there is no problem in terms of transportation and installation, the buffer space is enlarged, For example, it may be set to be 1.5 to 3.0 times the capacity of the main air passage 2.

  Further, the buffer space of the repeater 3 is preferably made of a material that does not expand and contract due to pressure fluctuations as long as it functions as a buffer. Specifically, for example, a rigid structure made of a material that does not expand and contract under a pressure of −200 to +200 Pa is preferable. However, the safety of construction in the tunnel is extremely important, and it is necessary to prevent an unexpected situation that the repeater 3 is damaged. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a positive pressure safety valve 12 and a negative pressure safety valve 12 communicating with the buffer space in the repeater 3 as in the illustrated example.

(Control of main air blowing means)
In this embodiment, a pressure gauge 9 for measuring the pressure in the buffer space and a main control means for controlling the air flow rate of the main air blowing means 1 based on the measurement value of the pressure gauge 9, for example, a PID control means are provided. . In this embodiment, for example, after the signal (measured value) of the pressure gauge 9 is taken into the controller 10 if necessary, the inverter controller 11 is set so that the pressure in the buffer space is within a predetermined range. The main air blowing means 1 is driven through this, and the air flow is controlled accordingly. As a result, the main air blowing means 1 rotates based on the rotational speed command given from the inverter controller 11 and blows a predetermined air volume into the buffer space of the repeater 3 through the main air passage 2. The pressure is subsided within a predetermined range.

  The pressure in the buffer space is preferably set to be 0 to 300 Pa, and more preferably set to be +100 Pa (positive pressure). If the pressure is within the above range, it is possible to balance the prevention of air inflow / outflow in the buffer space of the repeater 3 and the economy.

  Further, in this embodiment, although the repeater 3 is provided with a buffer space, from the viewpoint of smooth air blowing, as the main air blowing means 1, the acceleration time and the deceleration time of the air volume are less than those in the subordinate air blowing means 5. It is preferable to use a fast one or set it to be fast.

(Subordinate blower control)
The amount of air blown by the subordinate air blowing means 5 is, for example, the contamination concentration such as dust (dust) concentration, CO gas concentration, and NO ₂ gas concentration measured by the dust concentration sensor or gas concentration sensor in the sub tunnels TB to TB. Can be determined based on

However, it is preferable to provide a pressure gauge according to the outlet portion of the subordinate air blowing means 5 and determine the amount of air flow in consideration of the measured value of the subordinate pressure gauge . The subordinate tunnels TB to TG become longer as the excavation progresses, and as the length increases, the necessary air flow increases, and the pressure at the outlet of the subordinate air blowing means 5 increases. Therefore, by determining the blowing amount in consideration of the measurement value of the sub pressure gauge, an appropriate blowing amount corresponding to the length of the sub tunnels TB to TG is determined.
Here, the air blowing amount of the air blowing means 5 is appropriately selected based on the cross section of the tunnel and the construction progress length.

(Other)
When ventilation is required in the subordinate tunnels TB to TG, for example, the opening and closing means 7 such as a damper provided in the communication air pipe 4 is opened, and the subordinate air blowing means 5 is activated to perform the subordinate ventilation. Air is sent along the paths TB to TG. At this time, a condition that the pressure of the buffer space is 50 Pa or more can be added to the start of the subordinate fan 5, and a condition that the pressure is stopped when the pressure of the buffer space becomes 0 Pa or less can be added. .

  The type, structure, etc. of the opening / closing means 7 are not particularly limited. However, if safety and smoothness are taken into consideration, it is preferable to use an air-operated automatic opening / closing damper.

  Moreover, although the ventilation system of the subordinate tunnel TB-TG is not specifically limited, Usually, it will be based on the ventilation system which the country or the public organization established.

  The present invention is applicable as a tunnel ventilation method used when excavating a tunnel.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main ventilation means 2 Main ventilation path 3 Relay device 4 Auxiliary ventilation path 5 Subordinate ventilation means 6 Subordinate ventilation path 7 Damper 8 Blower volume sensor 9 Subordinate pressure gauge 10 Controller 11 Inverter controller 12 Safety valve TA Main tunnel TB-TG Secondary tunnel

Claims (1)

A main air passage is disposed on the tunnel entrance side, the main air passage is provided with main air blowing means, and one or a plurality of subordinate air passages are disposed on the face side of the tunnel, and the subordinate air passage and the main air passage are provided. A tunnel ventilation method in which a passage is communicated by a relay, and gas is blown into the tunnel through the main air passage and the sub air passage,
As the repeater, it has a buffer space into which the gas from the main air passage flows, and uses the configuration in which the gas in the buffer space flows out to the subordinate air passage,
The buffer space functions as a buffer space for the gas flowing through the secondary air passage, and when the amount of air flowing through the secondary air passage begins to increase, the amount of gas flowing through the secondary air passage through the secondary air passage becomes insufficient. Is made up of
A pressure gauge that measures the pressure in the buffer space, and a blower unit that follows the follower air passage, so that the pressure in the buffer space is within a predetermined range based on the measured value of the pressure gauge. Subordinate control means for controlling the start and stop of the subordinate blower means based on the measured value of the pressure gauge , comprising main control means for driving the main blower means and thereby controlling the amount of air blown by the main blower means With
In the case where the face side of the tunnel is branched into a plurality from the main air passage, and configures the plurality of subordinate air passages,
Providing a main air flow detector in the main air passage, and providing an air flow detector in accordance with each of the subordinate air passages;
When the main air flow rate detected by the main air flow rate detector is compared with the sum of the sub air flow rates detected by the plurality of sub air flow rate detectors, if the deviation is excessively large, air leakage occurs in the sub air flow path. Judge that there is,
A tunnel ventilation method characterized by that.

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