CN102296963A - Construction method for ultra-long deep-buried road tunnel - Google Patents
Construction method for ultra-long deep-buried road tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for an ultra-long deep-buried road tunnel. The construction method includes the following steps: a small-diameter tunneler is utilized to excavate a parallel pilot tunnel at the middle of the end surface of the entrance end of the road tunnel in advance, and the parallel pilot tunnel is in parallel with main tunnels; the drilling-blasting method is adopted to simultaneously carry out tunneling at the entrance ends and exit ends of the two main tunnels and the entrance end of the parallel pilot tunnel, and the tunneling speed of the parallel pilot tunnel is controlled to be higher than the tunneling speed of the main tunnels; transverse ventilation ducts are excavated on both sides of the tunneled end of the parallel pilot tunnel, new tunnel faces are excavated, and the transverse ventilation ducts and the tunnel faces are repetitively excavated every certain interval until the middle parallel pilot tunnel is cut through; the rest of the main tunnels are excavated at each tunnel face by using the drilling-blasting method; transverse pedestrian passageways and transverse vehicle passageways are excavated duly in the process of excavating the main tunnels; and construction is not finished until the main tunnels are completely cut through. The construction method is integrated with the advantages of the tunneler method and the drilling-blasting method, and makes the construction of multi-regional large road tunnels possible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the tunnel construction technology field, relate in particular to the job practices of the buried highway tunnel of a kind of speciality.
Background technology
In today of highway communication fast development, proposed strong demand to building trans-regional large-scale road channel, but because the influence of some natural conditions as the natural obstruct on large-scale mountain range, has brought very big difficulty for building of these passages.Such as, Xinjiang is subjected to the obstruct in the Mountain Ranges of Tian Shan Mountains, and the road channel between the south and north Sinkiang is just never implemented.Restrict key that these large-scale road channels implement and be exactly building of the over mountain line tunnel that passes through large-scale mountain range.Large-scale mountain range height above sea level is higher, and the tunnel that passes through these large-scale mountain ranges often has the feature of speciality, buried (buried depth reaches more than the 1000m).The problem that speciality, buried tunnel (hereinafter to be referred as long dark tunnel) have three needs to solve: the one, the geologic prospect problem in tunnel; The 2nd, the rapid construction problem in tunnel; The 3rd, the ventilation of the operation stage problem of taking precautions against natural calamities.
When edpth of tunnel reaches 1000m when above, generally can not beat vertical inspecting hole, thereby can not do effectively geological conditions such as the country rock in the scope of tunnel location, underground water and to verify.In like manner, because buried depth is too big, perpendicular inclined shaft is built in long dark tunnel almost also can not (the darkest in the world perpendicular inclined shaft be 661m at present), just can't open up many faces in the work progress, realization " long tunnel hand-to-hand fight in tights "; Equally, the operation ventilation problem of taking precautions against natural calamities of growing dark tunnel also can't effectively be solved.In order to solve above-mentioned three problems that long dark tunnel faces in construction, we are necessary the constructing structure of existing tunnel and construction are improved.
The job practices of existing tunnel mainly contains two kinds: drilling and blasting method and large-scale TBM method (tunnel machine method).The only head of drilling and blasting method month driving speed is the 150m/ month only, and efficiency of construction is lower.The domestic driving speed of large-scale TBM can reach the 400m/ month, but two-way traffic freeway tunnel diameter reaches about 11.4m, and the equipment purchase expense is up to 3～400,000,000 yuans, and power consumption is big in the construction, the use cost height, and the waste of tunnel cross-section space is big, and economy is relatively poor.And, adopt above-mentioned any job practices all to be difficult to satisfy in the large-scale road channel separately to growing the requirement of building in dark tunnel.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of construct simple, convenient, construction cost is low, the construction period is short and can effectively realize the job practices of the buried highway tunnel construction of speciality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is the construction of the buried highway tunnel of a kind of speciality, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the parallel pilot tunnel of constructing:,, utilize the minor diameter tunnel machine in advance to tunnel a parallel pilot tunnel in the centre position of this highway tunnel entrance point end face according to the tunnel location of the buried highway tunnel of having drafted of described speciality; Described parallel pilot tunnel and is arranged with tunnel master's cavity parallel between the master hole, two tunnels of described highway tunnel;
(2) bore quick-fried driving: the above-mentioned utilization in the process that the minor diameter tunnel machine tunnels parallel pilot tunnel, adopt drilling and blasting method to tunnel simultaneously at the port of export of entrance point, the port of export and the described parallel pilot tunnel in master hole, described two tunnel;
(3) open up face: in the work progress, control the driving speed of the driving speed of described parallel pilot tunnel faster than master hole, described two tunnel, excavate the transversal ventilation road respectively on the left side and the right side of described parallel pilot tunnel driving end then, make it arrive region, master hole, tunnel, both sides, open up new face in this zone then, and use drill bursting construction at this face place; Along with deepening continuously of parallel pilot tunnel, just repeat to excavate transversal ventilation road and face in the left and right sides of its driving end every a determining deviation;
(4) tunneling master hole: adopt drilling and blasting method to continue driving at the forward and backward two ends of each face of having opened up respectively, all connect until master hole, the tunnel of both sides, construction is finished.
As to further improvement in the technical proposal, in the above-mentioned construction, carry out the advance geologic exploration and the geologic prediction in the place ahead by the described parallel pilot tunnel of driving in advance.Country rock situation and the underground Shuifu County that can verify in the scope of tunnel location, the place ahead by geological prospecting and geologic prediction deposit situation, can instruct the tunneling construction in master hole, described two tunnels better according to situation about verifying.Concrete geological prospecting means those skilled in the art can select voluntarily and make up according to the needs of common practise, geological conditions and the forecast of long medium or short range.
In the construction of the above-mentioned buried highway tunnel of speciality, the driving radius of described minor diameter tunnel machine is preferably 3.5m～5m.
In the construction of the above-mentioned buried highway tunnel of speciality, described construction preferably ventilates by a construction ventilation passage, this construction ventilation passage comprises air delivery duct of being served as by described parallel pilot tunnel and the exhast duct that is served as by the described master of tunneling hole, described air delivery duct and exhast duct are communicated with by described People's Bank of China transverse passage-way, garage's transverse passage-way and/or transversal ventilation road, and by jet blower and axial flow blower guides wind to.
In the construction of the above-mentioned buried highway tunnel of speciality, described construction is preferably slagged tap by a dregs transport channel, this dregs transport channel comprises that the unloaded car that is served as by described parallel pilot tunnel advances the hole passage and the fully loaded car of dregs that served as by the described master of construction tunnel hole is appeared passage, described unloaded car advances the hole passage and the fully loaded car of dregs is appeared passage by described People's Bank of China transverse passage-way, garage's transverse passage-way and/or transversal ventilation road are communicated with, the unloaded car of control advances fresh air in hole route and the described construction ventilation passage and flows to consistently in the work progress, and it is consistent with the foul atmosphere flow direction in the described construction ventilation passage that the control dregs is fully loaded with the car route of appearing.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: job practices of the present invention is to adopt the TBM method to add drilling and blasting method to unite construction, utilize minor diameter TBM speedy drivage, about open up a parallel pilot tunnel in the middle of the master hole, two tunnels, utilize parallel pilot tunnel to solve because of not beating the problem that can't carry out geological prospecting that vertical inspecting hole causes, and parallel pilot tunnel is opened up the technical barrier that a plurality of faces have solved rapid construction in conjunction with drilling and blasting method after forming, utilize parallel pilot tunnel at last, the channel network that transversal ventilation road and master hole, tunnel, the left and right sides are formed has solved construction operation stage owing to can not beat ventilation that perpendicular inclined shaft the causes difficult problem of taking precautions against natural calamities.To sum up, adopt job practices of the present invention to solve the rapid construction, geological prospecting of speciality, buried highway tunnel and the ventilation of construction operation stage guardian technique problem such as take precautions against natural calamities, build for the construction of speciality, buried highway tunnel from now on and opened up wide application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the construction sequence 1 and the construction view in step 2 stage in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the construction view in 3 stages of construction sequence in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the construction sequence 4 and the construction view in step 5 stage in the specific embodiment of the invention.
The construction view of Fig. 4 for constructing in the specific embodiment of the invention after finishing.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional drawing of highway tunnel in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is that the aeration flow of construction ventilation passage in the specific embodiment of the invention is to schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 for the dregs traffic flow of dregs transport channel in the specific embodiment of the invention to schematic diagram (the solid arrow line represents that unloaded car advances the hole route among Fig. 7, and empty arrow line is represented the fully loaded car of the dregs route of appearing among Fig. 7).
(among above Fig. 1～Fig. 7, tail end band square arrow represents that fresh air enters the hole and flows to, and tail end band circle arrow is represented the foul atmosphere flow direction of appearing).
Marginal data
1, tunnel master hole; 11, People's Bank of China and garage's transverse passage-way; 2, parallel pilot tunnel; 3, minor diameter tunnel machine; 4, transversal ventilation road; 5, face; 6, jet blower; 7, axial flow blower.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment:
Certain proposes speciality, the buried highway tunnel of meter construction, long 14km, and it passes through the Tianshan Mountains master pulse, belong to high mountain and glacial erosion and pile up landforms, high and steep mountains along the line, tunnel, grow in the glacier, mountain top, and the massif lithology is mainly white clouds matter marble, crystalline limestone folder green mud Sericite-quartz-schist etc.The tunnel route intends adopting the speedway scheme, and line needs and in order to avoid long-term frozen soil in mountain top and glacier, the tunnel is imported and exported absolute altitude and is respectively 2840m and 2760m according to opening up, and minimum buried depth reaches 1700m, and maximum buried depth reaches 2400m.This tunnel is because route is long, buried depth is big, and covering glacier, mountain top, and perpendicular slope construction is very risky, therefore adopts construction of the present invention that this highway tunnel is constructed.
A kind of construction of the buried highway tunnel of speciality of the present invention as Fig. 1～shown in Figure 5 specifically comprises following construction sequence.
(1) the parallel pilot tunnel of constructing: at first, according to the design scheme of this highway tunnel of having determined, this tunnel adopts with the unidirectional section structure form (referring to Fig. 5) in two holes of parallel pilot tunnel, the also corresponding establishment of its tunnel location and basic constructure scheme; As Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 5, vault in the centre position of the master hole, two tunnels of present embodiment highway tunnel 1 entrance point (be among Fig. 1 A end), utilize the open type minor diameter tunnel machine 3(TBM of 4m～5m earlier) from the entrance point speedy drivage of tunnel location, to form a parallel pilot tunnel 2 that is arranged in parallel with master hole, tunnel 1.
(2) bore quick-fried driving: as shown in Figure 1, the port of export (being the B end among Fig. 1) at the entrance point in master hole, two tunnels 1 (being the A end among Fig. 1), the port of export (being the B end among Fig. 1) and parallel pilot tunnel 2 adopts drilling and blasting method to tunnel and be excavated to design section simultaneously; The driving speed of minor diameter tunnel machine 3 in parallel pilot tunnel 2 (can adjust according to construction requirement by the driving speed of minor diameter tunnel machine, driving speed was controlled at the 800m/ month in general month) faster than the driving speed in master hole, two tunnels 1 driving speed of master hole, tunnel, two tunnels 1 (about can construct) by the 400m/ month, and carry out the advance geologic exploration and the geologic prediction in the place ahead by leading parallel pilot tunnel 2, the main means of advance geologic exploration and geologic prediction have (the TST test of tunnel geology advanced prediction system, TSP test etc.), geological radar, transient electromagnetic method, infrared detection technique etc. (these technological means are this area routine techniques), the test of Kaiser effect will be comprehensively used in the geostatic stress test, technology such as test of cave wall stress and finite element numerical simulation, these technological means can be used in combination according to the needs of geological conditions and the forecast of long medium or short range by those skilled in the art.
In the construction of above-mentioned steps (1) and step (2), construction ventilation is simple relatively, and the appearing of the hole flow direction and foul atmosphere of advancing of fresh air flows to shown in the arrow among Fig. 1.
(3) open up face: as shown in Figure 2, (concrete length can be determined according to the construction requirement in the practice after parallel pilot tunnel 2 tunnels certain-length, for example can select about 1km), transversal ventilation road 4 is excavated on left side and right side at parallel pilot tunnel 2 driving ends respectively, make and arranged on left and right sides transversal ventilation road 4 reach 1 region, master hole, tunnel, both sides, the end in transversal ventilation road 4 uses drilling and blasting method to open up face 5 then; Along with the continuous driving of parallel pilot tunnel 2, every 4km(3km～5km all can) just repeat to excavate transversal ventilation road 4 and face 5 in left and right sides of its driving end, satisfy the requirement of master hole, two tunnels 1 design and construction until the quantity of face 5; In the construction of this step (3), the appearing of the hole flow direction and foul atmosphere of advancing of fresh air flows to shown in the arrow among Fig. 2.
(4) open up People's Bank of China and garage's transverse passage-way:, in the tunneling process in master hole, two tunnels 1, open up the People's Bank of China and the garage's transverse passage-way 11 that are communicated with master hole, two tunnels 1 as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 in good time; The spacing distance of each People's Bank of China and garage's transverse passage-way 11 is controlled at 250m～500m(also can be provided with People's Bank of China's transverse passage-way and garage's transverse passage-way respectively separately); People's Bank of China and garage's transverse passage-way 11 not only can be used as the construction ventilation passage, the more important thing is also to can be used as the dregs transport channel.
(5) tunneling master hole: as shown in Figure 3, after the parallel pilot tunnel 2 in the middle for the treatment of connects, utilize itself and master hole, tunnel, the left and right sides 1 to excavate part and form construction ventilation passage and dregs transport channel; Continue to adopt drilling and blasting method to carry out two-way driving at the face 5 forward and backward two ends of having excavated, having excavated same continuation of part at the port of export of the entrance end in master hole, two tunnels 1 and parallel pilot tunnel 2 tunnels with drilling and blasting method, all connect until the master hole, tunnel 1 of both sides as shown in Figure 4, after master hole, tunnel 1 all connects, parallel pilot tunnel 2 expanded dig the formation design section, construction is finished.
As shown in Figure 6, above-mentioned construction ventilation passage comprises that the air delivery duct of being served as by parallel pilot tunnel 2 sends into fresh air and discharge foul atmosphere by the exhast duct that serve as in construction tunnel master hole 1, air delivery duct and exhast duct are communicated with by People's Bank of China and garage's transverse passage-way 11 and transversal ventilation road 4, and by jet blower 6 and axial flow blower 7 guides wind to.
As shown in Figure 7, above-mentioned dregs transport channel comprises that the unloaded car that is served as by parallel pilot tunnel 2 advances the hole passage and by the fully loaded lorry of dregs that serve as in the construction tunnel master hole 1 passage of appearing, the unloaded car of control advances fresh air in hole route and the construction ventilation passage and flows to consistently in the work progress, and it is consistent with the foul atmosphere flow direction in the construction ventilation passage that the control dregs is fully loaded with the car route of appearing.
Highway tunnel with long 14km definite in this specific embodiment is an example, this highway tunnel can be finished the construction of phase I about 15 months, parallel pilot tunnel 2 is connected fully, about 36th month, can finish the construction of this highway tunnel substantially.If adopt existing drill bursting construction, driving speed is pressed the 250m/ month, and then the driving time is 32 months, and 3 months preparation of construction phases, equipment is installed 12 months meters, amounts to 47 months durations; Large-scale development machine driving speed is got the 400m/ month, because be that solely head tunnels, then the driving time is 40 months, preparation of construction 5 months, and equipment is installed 12 months meters, amounts to 57 months durations.
Adopted the job practices of minor diameter TBM in the above-mentioned specific embodiment, promptly earlier formed parallel pilot tunnel, carried out the rapid construction in master hole, tunnel in conjunction with drilling and blasting method expansion face simultaneously with the speedy drivage of going ahead of the rest of minor diameter development machine in conjunction with drilling and blasting method.This job practices combines quick, the safe characteristics of minor diameter TBM construction flexible and efficiently and drilling and blasting method is flexible, the advantage of technology maturation, has sizable technical advantage.The more important thing is, above-mentioned job practices can be utilized and tunnel the tunnel minor diameter TBM(month and reached for 800～1000 m/ months) form parallel pilot tunnel fast, solve the technical barrier in speciality, the buried highway tunnel construction process, make that passing through large-scale mountain range builds trans-regional large-scale road channel and become possibility.
More than used specific case principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of this embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept.One of ordinary skill in the art part that in using process of the present invention, on the specific embodiment and details, all can change.For example can adopt two minor diameter development machines to substitute through the economic technology contrast from the then available drilling and blasting method of driving of master hole, two tunnels driving (to be equal to the drill bursting construction of replacing master hole, tunnel) parallel pilot tunnel; Interim interconnection also can be set between the transversal ventilation road connect go ahead of the rest parallel pilot tunnel and main hole; Above benching tunnelling method speedy drivage etc. in the work progress of main hole.Therefore, the content of the foregoing description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the construction of the buried highway tunnel of speciality may further comprise the steps:
(1) the parallel pilot tunnel of constructing:,, utilize the minor diameter tunnel machine in advance to tunnel a parallel pilot tunnel in the centre position of this highway tunnel entrance point end face according to the tunnel location of the buried highway tunnel of having drafted of described speciality; Described parallel pilot tunnel and is arranged with tunnel master's cavity parallel between the master hole, two tunnels of described highway tunnel;
(2) bore quick-fried driving: the above-mentioned utilization in the process that the minor diameter tunnel machine tunnels parallel pilot tunnel, adopt drilling and blasting method to tunnel simultaneously at the port of export of entrance point, the port of export and the described parallel pilot tunnel in master hole, described two tunnel; In the work progress, control the driving speed of the driving speed of described parallel pilot tunnel faster than master hole, described two tunnel;
(3) open up face: the transversal ventilation road is excavated on left side and right side at described parallel pilot tunnel driving end respectively, make it arrive region, master hole, tunnel, both sides, open up new face in this zone then, along with deepening continuously of parallel pilot tunnel, just repeat to excavate transversal ventilation road and face in the left and right sides of its driving end every a determining deviation; Use drilling and blasting method to excavate master hole, remaining tunnel at each face place;
(4) open up People's Bank of China and garage's transverse passage-way: in the tunneling process of master hole, two tunnels, open up the People's Bank of China's transverse passage-way and the garage's transverse passage-way that are communicated with master hole, two tunnels in good time;
(5) tunneling master hole: adopt drilling and blasting method to continue driving at the forward and backward two ends of each face of having opened up respectively, all connect until master hole, the tunnel of both sides, construction is finished.
2. the construction of the buried highway tunnel of speciality according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the advance geologic exploration and the geologic prediction that carry out the place ahead by the described parallel pilot tunnel of driving in advance.
3. the construction of the buried highway tunnel of speciality according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the driving radius of described minor diameter tunnel machine is 3.5m～5m.
4. the construction of the buried highway tunnel of speciality according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described construction is to ventilate by a construction ventilation passage, this construction ventilation passage comprises air delivery duct of being served as by described parallel pilot tunnel and the exhast duct that is served as by the described master of tunneling hole, described air delivery duct and exhast duct are communicated with by described People's Bank of China transverse passage-way, garage's transverse passage-way and/or transversal ventilation road, and by jet blower and axial flow blower guides wind to.
5. the construction of the buried highway tunnel of speciality according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described construction is to slag tap by a dregs transport channel, this dregs transport channel comprises that the unloaded car that is served as by described parallel pilot tunnel advances the hole passage and the fully loaded car of dregs that served as by the described master of construction tunnel hole is appeared passage, described unloaded car advances the hole passage and the fully loaded car of dregs is appeared passage by described People's Bank of China transverse passage-way, garage's transverse passage-way and/or transversal ventilation road are communicated with, the unloaded car of control advances fresh air in hole route and the described construction ventilation passage and flows to consistently in the work progress, and it is consistent with the foul atmosphere flow direction in the described construction ventilation passage that the control dregs is fully loaded with the car route of appearing.
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| CN102628372A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-08 | 中南大学 | Method for determining minimum buried depth of underground tunnel based on engineering control measures |
| CN102628372B (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2014-07-30 | 中南大学 | Method for determining minimum buried depth of underground tunnel based on engineering control measures |
| CN102720520A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-10 | 西南交通大学 | Method for ventilating drainage tunnel of extremely-long double-hole tunnel of expressway during construction |
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