CN110748348A - Tunnel construction method for assisting advance pre-reinforcement of main tunnel by using service tunnel - Google Patents
Tunnel construction method for assisting advance pre-reinforcement of main tunnel by using service tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110748348A CN110748348A CN201910979566.6A CN201910979566A CN110748348A CN 110748348 A CN110748348 A CN 110748348A CN 201910979566 A CN201910979566 A CN 201910979566A CN 110748348 A CN110748348 A CN 110748348A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel construction method for assisting a main tunnel to be pre-reinforced in advance by using a service tunnel, wherein a parallel pilot tunnel is arranged between two main tunnels of a separated tunnel to serve as a service tunnel, the main tunnels are constructed by adopting a drilling and blasting method, the service tunnel is constructed by adopting a TBM (tunnel boring machine), the service tunnel is used as a 'leading tunnel' for main tunnel excavation by utilizing the speed advantage of the construction of the TBM, the characteristics of a bad geological zone in front of the tunnel face of the main tunnel are known by combining the advance geological forecast result of the service tunnel and the geological conditions actually disclosed by excavation, and accurate engineering geological and hydrogeological information is provided for implementing disposal reinforcement measures in the next step. The construction method of the invention implements the concept of 'dynamic design and dynamic construction', fully utilizes the service tunnel to carry out advanced geological forecast and advanced pre-reinforcement work of the main tunnel, effectively exerts the auxiliary construction function of the service tunnel, has more pertinence to the treatment scheme of unfavorable geology in the construction engineering, and provides powerful guarantee for the safety and the structural stability of tunnel construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels and underground engineering, in particular to a tunnel construction method for utilizing a service tunnel to assist in advance pre-reinforcement of a main tunnel.
Background
At present, the mature excavation mode of mountain tunnel construction comprises a drilling and blasting method and a TBM (tunnel boring machine), wherein the drilling and blasting method is the most extensive method adopted in the mountain tunnel construction in China, is suitable for various geological conditions and underground water conditions, is suitable for various section forms and variable sections and has high flexibility; the TBM is tunnel construction equipment integrating electromechanical, hydraulic, sensing and information technologies, can realize continuous tunneling, can simultaneously complete rock breaking, guiding, slag discharging, supporting and other operations, has the advantages of quick tunneling, high-quality excavation, high efficiency, safety, environmental protection, high degree of automation and the like, and is suitable for ultra-long and ultra-long tunnels.
The service tunnel is a special section arrangement form, usually adopts the arrangement mode parallel to the main tunnel, is suitable for the extra-long and ultra-long tunnels, and mainly provides auxiliary and guarantee measures for disaster prevention and rescue, drainage and overhaul, ventilation, tunnel maintenance and the like of the main tunnel. For the service tunnel, a large section as the main tunnel is not needed, and TBM can be preferably used for rapid tunneling, for the main tunnel, the section is usually large, the adaptability of the TBM section is poor, and the application in the large section tunnel is less, so that the combination of the main tunnel drilling and blasting method and the TBM tunneling of the service tunnel is a better choice. As the TBM tunneling speed is higher than that of a drilling and blasting method, the tunneling of the service tunnel is ahead of that of the main tunnel, and therefore the service tunnel can provide construction assistance for the main tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel construction method for utilizing a service tunnel to assist in advance pre-reinforcing a main tunnel aiming at the existing technical situation, fully utilizes the service tunnel to carry out the advance geological forecast and advance pre-reinforcing work of the main tunnel, effectively exerts the auxiliary construction function of the service tunnel, has more pertinence to the treatment scheme of unfavorable geology in the construction engineering and provides powerful guarantee for the tunnel construction safety and the structural stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tunnel construction method for utilizing a service tunnel to assist in advance pre-reinforcing a main tunnel comprises the following steps: s1, arranging a parallel pilot tunnel between two main tunnels of the separated tunnel as a service tunnel, constructing the main tunnels by adopting a drilling and blasting method, constructing the service tunnel by adopting a TBM (tunnel boring machine), and using the advantage that the construction speed of the TBM is higher than that of the drilling and blasting method to excavate the service tunnel as a 'leading tunnel' of the main tunnels, so that the characteristics of a poor geological zone in front of the tunnel face of the main tunnel are known by combining the advanced geological forecast result of the service tunnel and the geological condition actually disclosed by excavation, and accurate engineering geological and hydrogeological information is provided for implementing disposal and reinforcement measures in the next step; s2, when the construction of the TBM tunneling machine meets a bad geological zone, grouting and reinforcing the stratum, after the reinforcement, continuously tunneling by the TBM tunneling machine and passing through the bad geological zone and an unearthed section of the service tunnel, respectively arranging a plurality of transverse channels between the service tunnel and the unearthed section of the two main holes, wherein the transverse channels are positioned behind a TBM working space, additionally arranging a working face by utilizing the transverse channels to assist the construction of the main holes, and when the drilling and blasting construction meets the bad geological zone, taking the service tunnel and the transverse channels as main holes to pass through an auxiliary construction tunnel of the bad geological zone to treat and reinforce the bad geological zone in advance.
In the technical scheme, after the characteristics of the unfavorable geological zone in front of the main tunnel face are detected, the main tunnel face is controlled according to the principle that the distance between the main tunnel face and the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 10m, main tunnel construction is organized according to the principle that one section is detected, reinforced and passed through one section, a transverse channel between one main tunnel and a service tunnel is selected as an auxiliary reinforcing channel according to the 'nearby principle', and a treatment reinforcing scheme is selected by combining the form of the unfavorable geological zone.
As one example, the method for treating and reinforcing the unfavorable geological zone is as follows: and directly taking the cross section of the cross passage as a cross passage treatment reinforcement working face to perform advanced grouting pre-reinforcement on the unfavorable geological zone to be penetrated by the main tunnel, and improving the unfavorable geological zone to the tunnel surrounding rock which can safely pass through, so that the subsequent tunneling of the main tunnel is smoothly performed.
Preferably, the distance between the reinforcement operation working surface and the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 5m in the cross channel treatment.
As one example, the method for treating and reinforcing the unfavorable geological zone is as follows: and excavating the cross channel section to a main tunnel to treat a reinforcement working face, performing measures of advancing pipe sheds and advancing curtain grouting in the main tunnel to pre-reinforce, and after the reinforcement effect is checked to be effective, opening up a new main tunnel face by using the cross channel to continue to advance.
Preferably, the distance between the reinforcing operation working surface and the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 10m at the main hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the construction method of the invention implements the concept of 'dynamic design and dynamic construction', is more suitable for tunnel construction with complicated and various geological conditions, and is more beneficial to the control of construction quality; the service tunnel is rapidly tunneled by the TBM, advance geological forecast results of the service tunnel and geological conditions actually disclosed by excavation are obtained, the geological conditions of the unearthed sections of the main tunnel are mastered in more detail, the safety problem caused by lack of understanding of bad geological zones is avoided, advance measures are further taken in a targeted manner, and powerful guarantee is provided for tunnel construction safety and structural stability; the two designs of the service tunnel and the nearby transverse channel are utilized to treat the reinforcement working surface, so that advanced reinforcement measures are more flexibly implemented, and construction is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the layout relationship between the main tunnel and the service tunnel according to the present invention.
Description of the labeling: 1. the tunnel comprises a main tunnel, 2, a service tunnel, 3, a transverse channel, 4, an inverted arch working face, 5, a secondary lining working face, 6, a main tunnel face, 7, a main tunnel unearthed section, 8, a bad geological zone, 9, a TBM working space, 10, a service tunnel unearthed section, 11, a transverse channel treatment reinforcement working face, 12, a transverse channel unearthed section, and 13, a main tunnel treatment reinforcement working face.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for constructing a tunnel by using an advanced pre-reinforcement of an auxiliary main tunnel of a service tunnel includes the following steps: s1, arranging a parallel pilot tunnel between two main tunnels 1 of a separated tunnel as a service tunnel, constructing the main tunnels 1 by adopting a drilling and blasting method, constructing the service tunnel 2 by adopting a TBM (tunnel boring machine), and using the advantage that the construction speed of the TBM is higher than that of the drilling and blasting method to use the service tunnel 2 as a 'leading tunnel' for excavating the main tunnels 1, wherein the characteristics of a bad geological zone 8 in front of a tunnel face 6 of the main tunnel, including but not limited to area, scale and form, are known by combining the advanced geological forecast result of the service tunnel 2 and the geological conditions actually disclosed by excavation, so that accurate engineering geological and hydrogeological information is provided for implementing disposal reinforcement measures in the next step; s2, when the construction of the TBM tunneling machine meets the unfavorable geological zone 8, grouting and reinforcing the stratum, after the reinforcement, the TBM tunneling machine continuously tunnels and penetrates through the unfavorable geological zone 8 and the non-excavated sections 10 of the service tunnel, a plurality of transverse channels 3 are respectively arranged between the service tunnel 2 and the two non-excavated sections 7 of the main tunnel, the transverse channels 3 are located behind a TBM working space 9, the transverse channels 3 are used for additionally arranging working faces to assist the construction of the main tunnel 2, when the drilling and blasting construction meets the unfavorable geological zone 8, the service tunnel 2 and the transverse channels 3 are used as auxiliary construction tunnels through which the main tunnel 2 penetrates through the unfavorable geological zone 8, and the unfavorable geological zone 8 is treated and reinforced in advance.
Advanced geological prediction has three main ways: performing geological analysis, namely performing engineering geological analysis according to existing exploration data and supplementary geological data to preliminarily judge unfavorable geological conditions; the geophysical prospecting method mainly comprises TSP advanced prediction, GPR advanced detection and infrared detection, wherein the detection range of the TSP advanced prediction in a soft rock section is 100-150 m, the detection range of the TSP advanced prediction in a hard rock section is 150-200 m, the prediction precision of a fault broken zone is high, the prediction precision of karst is not high, underground water cannot be predicted, analysis is not easy, the method is generally arranged on the whole line of a tunnel, the GPR advanced detection range is 20-30 m, the prediction precision of the fault broken zone is high, the karst prediction accuracy is certain, the method can be used as an enhanced detection means in an unfavorable geological zone, infrared detection can be adopted in a water-rich zone, and the detection range is 20-30 m; and thirdly, an advanced drilling method generally adopts advanced exploratory holes, which is the most visual and effective detection means, and can also adopt advanced horizontal drilling in the unfavorable geological zone to obtain the most accurate state of the unfavorable geological zone.
Aiming at the complex geological condition of the tunnel, geological analysis can be used as a macro forecast, TSP and advanced drilling can be used as a long-term advanced forecast of the service tunnel 2, GPR and infrared detection can be used as a short-term advanced forecast, and the type and the scale of the adverse geological zone 8 can be comprehensively determined by utilizing advanced horizontal drilling. The service tunnel 2 provides powerful geological information for the construction of the main tunnel according to the advance geological forecast result and the geological condition actually revealed by excavation.
After the characteristics of the unfavorable geological zone 8 in front of the main tunnel face 6 are detected, the main tunnel face 6 is controlled according to the principle that the distance from the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 10m, namely the minimum length of an unearthed section 7 of the main tunnel is controlled according to 10m, the construction of the main tunnel 1 is organized according to the principle of detecting one section, reinforcing one section and passing one section, the transverse channel 3 between one main tunnel 1 and the service tunnel 2 is selected as an auxiliary reinforcing channel according to the 'nearby principle', and a reinforcing scheme is selected by combining the form of the unfavorable geological zone 8. The unfavorable geological zone 8 mainly comprises faults, karst cave, water-rich areas, joint dense zones, structural broken zones and the like.
As one example, the method for treating and reinforcing the unfavorable geological zone 8 is as follows: the cross section of the cross passage 3 is directly used as a cross passage treatment reinforcement working face 11 to carry out advanced grouting pre-reinforcement on the unfavorable geological zone 8 which is about to pass through the main tunnel, the unfavorable geological zone 8 is improved to tunnel surrounding rocks which can pass through safely, and the subsequent tunneling of the main tunnel 1 is carried out smoothly. Preferably, the distance between the working surface 11 of the cross channel treatment and reinforcement work and the unfavorable geological zone 8 is not less than 5m, namely, the minimum length of the un-excavated segment 12 of the cross channel is controlled by 5 m.
As one example, the method for treating and reinforcing the unfavorable geological zone 8 is as follows: and excavating the cross section of the transverse channel 3 to a main tunnel treatment and reinforcement working face 13, performing measures of advancing pipe sheds and advancing curtain grouting in the main tunnel 1 for pre-reinforcement, and after the reinforcement effect is tested to be effective, opening up a new main tunnel face 6 by using the transverse channel 3 to continue to advance. Preferably, the distance between the main hole treatment and reinforcement work surface 13 and the unfavorable geological zone 8 is not less than 10 m.
The specific treatment and reinforcement scheme is determined according to the type and the shape of the unfavorable geological zone 8. And (3) adopting targeted and efficient treatment measures for each encountered unfavorable geological zone 8, and adopting different treatment measures for the unfavorable geological zones 8 with different forms, different scales and different harmfulness by utilizing the two treatment operation working faces according to geological results provided by the service tunnel 2, wherein the treatment measures are not limited to a single scheme.
After the main tunnel face 6 is excavated, the working face 4 of the inverted arch and the working face 5 of the secondary lining are also advanced until the tunnel is communicated.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent changes in the principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A tunnel construction method for utilizing a service tunnel to assist advance pre-reinforcement of a main tunnel is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: s1, arranging a parallel pilot tunnel between two main tunnels of the separated tunnel as a service tunnel, constructing the main tunnels by adopting a drilling and blasting method, constructing the service tunnel by adopting a TBM (tunnel boring machine), and using the advantage that the construction speed of the TBM is higher than that of the drilling and blasting method to excavate the service tunnel as a 'leading tunnel' of the main tunnels, so that the characteristics of a poor geological zone in front of the tunnel face of the main tunnel are known by combining the advanced geological forecast result of the service tunnel and the geological condition actually disclosed by excavation, and accurate engineering geological and hydrogeological information is provided for implementing disposal and reinforcement measures in the next step; s2, when the construction of the TBM tunneling machine meets a bad geological zone, grouting and reinforcing the stratum, after the reinforcement, continuously tunneling by the TBM tunneling machine and passing through the bad geological zone and an unearthed section of the service tunnel, respectively arranging a plurality of transverse channels between the service tunnel and the unearthed section of the two main holes, wherein the transverse channels are positioned behind a TBM working space, additionally arranging a working face by utilizing the transverse channels to assist the construction of the main holes, and when the drilling and blasting construction meets the bad geological zone, taking the service tunnel and the transverse channels as main holes to pass through an auxiliary construction tunnel of the bad geological zone to treat and reinforce the bad geological zone in advance.
2. The method for constructing the tunnel by using the advanced pre-reinforcement of the auxiliary main tunnel of the service tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the characteristics of the unfavorable geological zone in front of the main tunnel face are detected, the main tunnel face is controlled according to the principle that the distance between the main tunnel face and the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 10m, main tunnel construction is organized according to the principle that one section is detected, reinforced and passed through one section, a transverse channel between one main tunnel and a service tunnel is selected as an auxiliary reinforcing channel according to the 'nearby principle', and a treatment reinforcing scheme is selected according to the form of the unfavorable geological zone.
3. The method for constructing the tunnel by using the advanced pre-reinforcement of the auxiliary main tunnel of the service tunnel according to claim 2, wherein: the method for treating and reinforcing the unfavorable geological zone comprises the following steps: and directly taking the cross section of the cross passage as a cross passage treatment reinforcement working face to perform advanced grouting pre-reinforcement on the unfavorable geological zone to be penetrated by the main tunnel, and improving the unfavorable geological zone to the tunnel surrounding rock which can safely pass through, so that the subsequent tunneling of the main tunnel is smoothly performed.
4. The method for constructing the tunnel by using the advanced pre-reinforcement of the auxiliary main tunnel of the service tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between the transverse channel treatment and reinforcement working face and the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 5 m.
5. The method for constructing the tunnel by using the advanced pre-reinforcement of the auxiliary main tunnel of the service tunnel according to claim 2, wherein: the method for treating and reinforcing the unfavorable geological zone comprises the following steps: and excavating the cross channel section to a main tunnel to treat a reinforcement working face, performing measures of advancing pipe sheds and advancing curtain grouting in the main tunnel to pre-reinforce, and after the reinforcement effect is checked to be effective, opening up a new main tunnel face by using the cross channel to continue to advance.
6. The method for constructing the tunnel by using the advanced pre-reinforcement of the auxiliary main tunnel of the service tunnel according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between the main hole treatment reinforcing operation working surface and the unfavorable geological zone is not less than 10 m.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113153309A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-23 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Tunnel construction method |
| CN113863939A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-31 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Rapid construction method for adopting TBM (tunnel boring machine) to lead double-hole cross tunneling in complex stratum |
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| CN101864960A (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2010-10-20 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Carst region double-arch road tunnel construction method |
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