JP6143219B2 - Measurement method of radioactive cesium deposition in the vicinity of nuclear facilities - Google Patents
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 34
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) bromide Chemical compound Br[La](Br)Br XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910014323 Lanthanum(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-OUBTZVSYSA-N cesium-134 Chemical compound [134Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
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本発明は、原子力発電所等の原子力施設において発生した放射能漏れ等の事故後に、原子力施設近隣の地表等に沈着した放射性セシウムの沈着量を精確に測定する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for accurately measuring the amount of radioactive cesium deposited on the ground surface or the like in the vicinity of a nuclear facility after an accident such as a radioactive leak occurring in a nuclear facility such as a nuclear power plant.
例えば、原子力発電所の設置地域においては、不測の事態を避けるため、原子力発電所から周辺地域への放射能の拡散を観測するための装置が、多数設置されている。しかし、これらの観測装置は非常に高価であることから、通常想定外である原子力発電所の大規模事故を想定して、すべての原子力発電所周辺に網の目状にこれらの観測装置を設置することは現実的ではないし、実際問題として山林、河川、ビル等との関係でそのような設置は不可能である。 For example, in an area where a nuclear power plant is installed, in order to avoid unforeseen circumstances, many devices for observing the diffusion of radioactivity from the nuclear power plant to the surrounding area are installed. However, since these observation devices are very expensive, these observation devices are installed in the form of a mesh around all nuclear power plants, assuming a large-scale accident at a nuclear power plant that is not normally expected. It is not practical to do so, and as a matter of fact, such installation is impossible in relation to forests, rivers, buildings, etc.
このため、原子力発電所が万一、想定外の事態に至った場合に備え、これまで飛行機やヘリコプターに放射線測定器を搭載し、原子力発電所周辺の空間線量を測定し、その値から地表付近の放射線量を推定すると言う方法が提案されて来ている。例えば、特許文献１には、次のような発明が開示されている。 For this reason, in the unlikely event that a nuclear power plant reaches an unexpected situation, a radiation measuring instrument has been mounted on an airplane or helicopter, and the air dose around the nuclear power plant has been measured. There has been proposed a method for estimating the radiation dose. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses the following invention.
ヘリコプター搭載システムは、放射線探知器が上空での放射線強度や放射線方向および核汚染物質の組成を測定し、地図情報表示システムによって通信衛星からの位置信号で周辺の３次元地図画像を表示し、データ処理用コンピュータによって放射性物質を含む大気の位置と大きさを特定及び含まれる同位元素の組成を決定し、３次元画像でリアルタイム表示する。地上移動観測システムは、原子力施設の周辺地域に移動して放射線探知とそのデータ処理する。地上側基地システムは、気象データとヘリコプター搭載システムからの測定情報から放射性物質の拡散状況及び放射能汚染状況を３次元地図画像で表示および気象データから拡散予測を行う（特許文献１の要約書より抜粋）。 In the helicopter-mounted system, the radiation detector measures the radiation intensity and radiation direction in the sky, and the composition of nuclear pollutants, and the map information display system displays the surrounding 3D map image with the position signal from the communication satellite. The processing computer specifies the position and size of the atmosphere containing the radioactive substance, determines the composition of the isotope contained, and displays it in real time as a three-dimensional image. The ground mobile observation system moves to the surrounding area of the nuclear facility and processes radiation detection and data. The ground-side base system displays the diffusion status and radioactive contamination status of radioactive materials as a three-dimensional map image based on meteorological data and measurement information from the helicopter-mounted system, and performs diffusion prediction based on meteorological data (from the abstract of Patent Document 1) (Excerpt)
しかし、この方法では、パイロットの被爆の関係で原子力発電所の直近の空間線量を測定することが出来ないという問題があった。また、この発明において、たとえ無人ヘリコプターを使用したとしても、空気によるガンマ線計数率の減衰を考慮していないため、地表の放射性セシウム沈着量の精確な測定が出来ないという問題がある。また、Ｋ−４０，Ｕ系列などの天然放射線核種による影響なども考慮していないため、地表の放射性セシウム沈着量の精確な測定が出来ないという問題もある。 However, this method has a problem that it is impossible to measure the latest air dose at the nuclear power plant due to the exposure of the pilot. Further, in the present invention, even if an unmanned helicopter is used, there is a problem that it is impossible to accurately measure the amount of radioactive cesium deposition on the ground surface because attenuation of the gamma ray count rate due to air is not taken into consideration. Moreover, since the influence by natural radionuclides, such as K-40 and U series, is not considered, there is also a problem that the amount of radioactive cesium deposition on the ground surface cannot be accurately measured.
本発明の一つの観点にかかる原子力施設近隣の放射性セシウム沈着量の測定方法では、無人ヘリコプターに搭載された放射線検出器で検出されるガンマ線計数率を、空間線量率の値に換算するための空間線量率換算計数を予め算出し、記憶しておくと共に、予め特定された一地点における複数の対地高度とガンマ線計数率との関係から、空気によるガンマ線計数率の減弱係数を予め算出し、記憶しておき、前記無人ヘリコプターに搭載された放射線検出器およびＧＰＳによって、ある対地高度で飛行中のある時点でのガンマ線計数率とその時点での位置情報を求め、予め求められている前記減弱係数を用いてその位置における地表１ｍの空間線量率を算出し、地表面における放射性セシウムの沈着量と地表１ｍ高さでの空間線量率の換算計数から、地表面における放射性セシウムの沈着量を求めるステップを有する。 In the method for measuring radioactive cesium deposition in the vicinity of a nuclear facility according to one aspect of the present invention, a space for converting a gamma ray count rate detected by a radiation detector mounted on an unmanned helicopter into a value of an air dose rate. The dose rate conversion count is calculated and stored in advance, and the attenuation coefficient of the gamma ray count rate due to air is calculated and stored in advance from the relationship between a plurality of ground altitudes and the gamma ray count rate at one point specified in advance. A gamma ray count rate at a certain point in flight at a certain altitude and position information at that point are obtained by a radiation detector and GPS mounted on the unmanned helicopter, and the attenuation coefficient obtained in advance is calculated. Use this to calculate the air dose rate of the ground surface 1m at that position, and to convert the amount of radioactive cesium deposited on the ground surface and the air dose rate at the surface height of 1m Et al., Comprises the step of obtaining the deposition of radioactive cesium in the ground surface.
したがって、本発明の目的は、事故後の原子力施設近隣における空間線量率の測定に影響を与える要因を考慮することで、測定の精度を上げ、地表の放射性セシウムの沈着量をより一層精確に測定することができる方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to increase the accuracy of the measurement by taking into account the factors affecting the measurement of the air dose rate in the vicinity of the nuclear facility after the accident, and to measure the deposition amount of radioactive cesium on the surface more accurately. It is to provide a way that can be done.
本発明では、事故後の原子力施設近隣における空間線量率の測定に影響を与える要因を様々な観点から考慮しているので、地表の放射性セシウム沈着量をこれまで以上に精確に測定することができる。特に、海や湖のように地表に沈着した放射性セシウムからの放射線の影響を受けない、すなわち原子力施設から直接受ける空間放射線量のみを測定し、その値を考慮して地表の放射性セシウム沈着量を計算によって求めることによって、原子力施設の近隣、例えば3km圏内においても地表の放射性セシウムから受ける空間線量率を精確に測定でき、結果として地表の放射性セシウムの沈着量も精確に測定することができる。 In the present invention, the factors affecting the measurement of the air dose rate in the vicinity of the nuclear facility after the accident are considered from various viewpoints, so that the amount of radioactive cesium deposition on the ground surface can be measured more accurately than before. . In particular, measure only the radiation dose not directly affected by radioactive cesium deposited on the surface of the sea or lake, that is, directly received from nuclear facilities, and consider the value to determine the amount of radioactive cesium deposited on the surface. By calculating, it is possible to accurately measure the air dose rate received from the radioactive cesium on the surface even in the vicinity of the nuclear facility, for example, within 3 km, and as a result, the amount of radioactive cesium deposited on the surface can also be accurately measured.
原子力施設近隣おける地表の放射性セシウム沈着量の測定にあたっては、ヤマハ発動機株式会社製の自律飛行型無人ヘリコプターRMAXG1を使用した。飛行高度は50-80m程度、測線間隔は80m(一部50mで実施)程度で飛行しながら、地上からのガンマ線及び直達線や散乱線によるガンマ線(計数率)とエネルギースペクトルを1秒間に1回連続測定した。また、放射線検出器はLaBr3(Ce)(ランタンブロマイド)シンチレーション検出器(1.5"Φ×1.5"×3本)を用いた。 The autonomous flight type unmanned helicopter RMAXG1 made by Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. was used to measure the amount of radioactive cesium deposition on the ground surface near the nuclear facility. Gamma rays from the ground, gamma rays (counting rate) and energy spectra from direct rays and scattered rays and energy spectrum once per second while flying at a flight altitude of about 50-80m and a measurement interval of about 80m (partially conducted at 50m). Continuous measurement was performed. The radiation detector used was a LaBr3 (Ce) (lanthanum bromide) scintillation detector (1.5 "Φ x 1.5" x 3).
無人ヘリコプターを活用した、事故後の原子力施設から3km圏内の空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量の測定について以下に示す。 The measurement of air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition within 3 km from the post-accident nuclear facility using an unmanned helicopter is shown below.
(1)無人ヘリコプターによる測定でのデータの取得方法
○無人ヘリコプターの飛行高度は対地高度で50〜80m程度であり、その測定値は、無人ヘリコプター下部の半径50〜80m程度(飛行高度により変化)の円内のガンマ線量を平均化したものである。
○無人ヘリコプターの軌跡幅(測線間隔)は、50mまたは80mとする。
○無人ヘリコプターの飛行速度は、8m/s(=28.8km/h)程度である。
○取得データは、放射線検出器で測定される1秒毎のガンマ線量のデータ(計数率) とエネルギースペクトル及びそれに対応するGPSによる位置情報を記録する。
(1) Data acquisition method by measurement with unmanned helicopter ○ The flight altitude of unmanned helicopter is about 50 to 80m at ground level, and the measured value is about 50 to 80m radius under unmanned helicopter (changes with flight altitude) The gamma dose in the circle is averaged.
○ The unmanned helicopter trajectory width (measurement interval) shall be 50 m or 80 m.
○ The flight speed of unmanned helicopters is about 8m / s (= 28.8km / h).
○ Acquired data records gamma dose data (count rate) measured by the radiation detector, energy spectrum, and corresponding GPS location information.
(2)無人ヘリコプターで取得された測定データの空間線量率への換算 (2) Conversion of measurement data obtained by unmanned helicopter to air dose rate
○無人ヘリコプターを用いた空間線量率、放射性セシウムの沈着量の解析のイメージを図１に示す。 ○ Figure 1 shows an image of analysis of air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition using an unmanned helicopter.
○上空で測定されたガンマ線量を空間線量率の値に換算するための係数を算出するため、警戒区域内において空間線量率の勾配が小さく、平坦な場所をテストサイトとして設定し、Nalサーベイメータを用いて、テストサイトを中心とした半径100mの円内における地上から1m高さの空間線量率の平均値を求める。 ○ In order to calculate the coefficient for converting the gamma dose measured in the sky to the value of the air dose rate, set the Nal survey meter as a test site where the slope of the air dose rate is small and flat in the alert area. The average value of the air dose rate at a height of 1 m above the ground in a circle with a radius of 100 m centered on the test site is obtained.
○次に、無人ヘリコプターで、テストサイト上空の対地高度80m付近をホバリングし、この高度(基準高度)で取得されたガンマ線量(計数率)と上述したテストサイト周辺の地上における空間線量率とを比較し、空間線量率換算係数CD(cps/μSv/h)を算出する。 ○ Next, use an unmanned helicopter to hover near the ground altitude of 80m above the test site, and obtain the gamma dose (count rate) acquired at this altitude (reference altitude) and the air dose rate on the ground around the test site described above. The air dose rate conversion coefficient CD (cps / μSv / h) is calculated by comparison.
○その後、テストサイト上空の対地高度10mから100mまでを10m毎にホバリングし、各高度におけるガンマ線(計数率)を測定する。測定された高度毎のガンマ線計数率を基に、対地高度とガンマ線(計数率)との関係式を求め、空気によるガンマ線計数率の減弱係数μを算出する。 ○ After that, hover from 10m to 100m above the test site every 10m and measure the gamma rays (counting rate) at each altitude. Based on the measured gamma ray count rate for each altitude, a relational expression between ground altitude and gamma ray (count rate) is obtained, and an attenuation coefficient μ of the gamma ray count rate due to air is calculated.
○最後に、実際のフライトで取得されたガンマ線計数率を上述した空間線量率換算係数CDから空間線量率(μSv/h)に換算するとともに、対地高度と空気によるガンマ線量の減弱係数μにより、高度補正を行う。なお、対地高度はGPSにより測定した海抜高度から国土地理院が作成した10mメッシュの数値標高モデル(DEM: Digital Elevation Model)のデータを差し引いて、測定地点の対地高度を求める。 ○ Finally, the gamma ray count rate acquired in the actual flight is converted into the air dose rate (μSv / h) from the air dose rate conversion coefficient CD described above, and the gamma dose attenuation coefficient μ due to the ground altitude and air, Perform altitude correction. The ground altitude is calculated by subtracting the 10m mesh digital elevation model (DEM) data created by the Geospatial Information Authority from the altitude measured by GPS.
(3)無人ヘリコプターで取得された測定データの放射性セシウムの沈着量への換算 (3) Conversion of measurement data obtained by unmanned helicopters into radioactive cesium deposition
○警戒区域内で独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構がゲルマニウム半導体検出器を用いたin-situ測定の結果を基に、天然放射性核種(K-40、U系列、Th系列)による空間線量率の平均値(43±20nSv/h=誤差=標準偏差σ)を評価し、前に求められた空間線量率から、この値を差し引くことにより、放射性セシウム(Cs-134,137)のみによる空間線量率を算出する。 ○ Based on the results of in-situ measurements by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency using germanium semiconductor detectors in the alert area, the air dose rate due to natural radionuclides (K-40, U series, Th series) Evaluate the average value (43 ± 20nSv / h = error = standard deviation σ), and subtract this value from the previously obtained air dose rate to calculate the air dose rate using only radioactive cesium (Cs-134,137). To do.
○その後、文部科学省「ゲルマニウム半導体検出器を用いたin-situ測定法」(p.83-84)に記載されている緩衝深度(β=1.Og/cm*)の場合の地表面における放射性セシウムの沈着量と地上lm高さでの空間線量率の換算係数を使用し、地表面におけるセシウム134及びセシウム137の沈着量を算出する。無人ヘリコプターの検出器で測定されたガンマ線のエネルギースペクトルの例を図２に示す。図２において、紙面に向かって上側にあるスペクトルが地上高度８０ｍでのもので、下側が海上高度１００ｍのものを示している。
○ After that, in the case of the buffer depth (β = 1.Og / cm *) described in the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology “In-situ measurement method using germanium semiconductor detector” (p.83-84) Using the amount of radioactive cesium deposited and the conversion factor of the air dose rate at the lm height above the ground, the amount of deposited
(4)空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量の測定結果の一定時点への換算(減衰補正) (4) Conversion of measurement results of air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition to a fixed point (attenuation correction)
○各地点の測定結果は測定日が異なるため、各測定地点における地上1m高さの空間線量率及び地表面への放射性セシウムの沈着量の値は、放射性セシウムの物理的減衰を考慮し、今回の原子力施設から3km圏内の無人ヘリコプターの測定最終日の値に換算する。 ○ Because the measurement results at each point differ on the measurement date, the air dose rate at a height of 1 m above the ground and the value of radioactive cesium deposition on the ground surface at each measurement point take into account the physical decay of radioactive cesium. Convert to the value of the last day of measurement of an unmanned helicopter within 3 km from the nuclear facility in Japan.
(5)無人ヘリコプターを活用した、空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量を記したマップの作成 (5) Creation of a map showing air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition using an unmanned helicopter
○測定されていない地域の空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量の値は、各測定地点の空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量の測定結果を基に、内挿法(クリギング法)を用いて内挿補間する。 ○ The values of air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition in areas not measured are calculated using the interpolation method (kriging method) based on the measurement results of the air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition at each measurement point. Interpolate.
○空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量を記したマップの作成にあたっては、補間したデータを含め、文部科学省が実施している航空機モニタリングの空間線量率及び放射性セシウムの沈着量の大きさごとに色分けしてマッピングする。 ○ When creating a map that shows the air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition amount, including the interpolated data, for each air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition amount of the aircraft monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Map by color coding.
Claims (4)
前記テストサイトにおいて無人ヘリコプターによって測定された、予め特定された一地点における複数の対地高度とガンマ線計数率との関係から、空気によるガンマ線計数率の減弱係数を予め算出し、記憶するステップと、
前記無人ヘリコプターに搭載された放射線検出器およびＧＰＳによって、前記事故後の原子力施設から３km圏内を或る対地高度で飛行中の或る時点でのガンマ線計数率と、その時点での位置情報を求めるステップと、
予め求められている前記減弱係数を用いてその位置における地表１ｍの空間線量率を算出するステップと、
地表面における放射性セシウムの沈着量と地表１ｍ高さでの空間線量率の換算計数を用いて、地表面における放射性セシウムの沈着量を算出するステップとから成る、
ことを特徴とする原子力施設近隣の放射性セシウム沈着量の測定方法。 The spatial dose rate conversion factor for converting the gamma-ray count rate detected by the radiation detector mounted on the unmanned helicopter to the value of the spatial dose rate to fly nuclear facilities nearby 3km Situated from nuclear facilities after the accident, a step of pre-calculated, stored in the test sites distant 3km above from the reactor facility,
From the relationship between a plurality of ground altitudes at one point specified in advance and a gamma ray count rate measured by an unmanned helicopter at the test site, calculating and storing in advance an attenuation coefficient of the gamma ray count rate due to air;
Using a radiation detector and GPS mounted on the unmanned helicopter, obtain a gamma ray count rate at a certain point during flight at a certain altitude within 3 km from the post-accident nuclear facility , and position information at that point. Steps ,
Calculating the spatial dose rate of surface 1m at that position by using the attenuation coefficients obtained in advance,
Calculating the amount of radioactive cesium deposited on the ground surface by using the amount of radioactive cesium deposited on the ground surface and the conversion count of the air dose rate at a height of 1 m above the ground surface .
A method for measuring the amount of radioactive cesium deposition in the vicinity of a nuclear facility.
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| KR102051339B1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-12-04 | 한국원자력연구원 | Movable apparatus for detecting radiation, method of detecting radiation movably and computer readable medium |
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