JP6143197B2 - 負熱膨張性材料 - Google Patents
負熱膨張性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6143197B2 JP6143197B2 JP2014531487A JP2014531487A JP6143197B2 JP 6143197 B2 JP6143197 B2 JP 6143197B2 JP 2014531487 A JP2014531487 A JP 2014531487A JP 2014531487 A JP2014531487 A JP 2014531487A JP 6143197 B2 JP6143197 B2 JP 6143197B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018553 Ni—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910000608 Fe(NO3)3.9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
BiNi1−xMxO3・・・(1)
(1)式中、Mは3価イオンとなり得る金属元素である。また、xは0.02≦x≦0.50を満たす。
Bi1−yRyNi1−xMxO3・・・(2)
(2)式中、Rは3価イオンにのみなり得る金属元素である。また、yは0<y<0.50を満たす。この場合、RがLa、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Yなる群より選ばれてもよい。
実施形態1に係る負熱膨張性材料は、母物質のBiNiO3において、Niの一部が3価が安定な金属元素Mで置換された化合物である。具体的には、実施形態1に係る負熱膨張性材料は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む。
BiNi1−xMxO3・・・(1)
(1)式中、Mは3価イオンとなり得る金属元素であり、好ましくは、3価が他の価数よりも安定な金属元素である。具体的には、MはAl,Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co、Ga,Nb、Ru,Rh,Inからなる群より選ばれる。また、(1)式中、xは0.02≦x≦0.50を満たす。本実施形態に係る負熱膨張性材料は、所定の温度範囲(たとえば、300-390K)において−40ppm/℃以上の負の熱膨張を示す。なお、xが0.02より小さいと、十分な負の熱膨張性を得ることができない。
上記一般式(1)で表される化合物の作製方法は特に限定されないが、各金属元素が均一に固溶した複合金属酸化物を合成して任意の形状に成形できる方法であると好ましい。例えば、Bi、M、Niの各酸化物を目的物と同じモル比で混合して高圧(例えば2GPa以上)を付与しながら焼結すると、各金属元素が均一に固溶した複合金属酸化物が得られる。得られた酸化物を粉砕してから、成形して前記焼結の温度以下で焼き固めると、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物からなる熱膨張抑制部材が得られる。この他、本実施の形態に係る負熱膨張性材料は、上述した作製方法に限られず、スパッタ法、化学溶液法、レーザアブレ−ション法などによる、単結晶基板上の薄膜育成によっても作製することができる。
実施形態2に係る負熱膨張性材料は、母物質のBiNiO3において、実施形態1と同様にNiの一部が3価イオンとなり得る金属元素Mで置換され、かつ、Biの一部が3価のみを取り得る金属元素Rで置換された化合物である。具体的には、実施形態2に係る負熱膨張性材料は、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む。
Bi1−yRyNi1−xMxO3・・・(2)
(2)式中、Mは3価イオンとなり得る金属元素であり、好ましくは、3価が他の価数よりも安定な金属元素である。具体的には、MはAl,Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co、Ga,Nb、Ru,Rh,Inからなる群より選ばれる。xは0.02≦x≦0.50を満たす。Rは3価イオンにのみなり得る金属元素である。RはLa、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Yなる群より選ばれる。また、yは0<y<0.05を満たす。本実施形態に係る負熱膨張性材料は、金属元素Rの含有量を低減しつつ、実施形態1と同様に負の熱膨張を示す。さらに、本実施形態では、MおよびRの比率を調節することにより、負の熱膨張を示す温度領域をBiの一部のみを置換した場合と、Niの一部のみを置換した場合との間の温度領域に設定することができる。また、本実施の形態では、負の熱膨張を示す温度領域を、Biの一部のみを置換した場合と、Niの一部のみを置換した場合に比べて、広げることができる。このため、ゼロ熱膨張材料を作製する際に、樹脂材料の選択の幅を広げたり、より幅広い温度範囲でゼロ膨張を実現できるといった効果を奏する。
実施形態3に係る負熱膨張性複合体は、上述したいずれかの実施形態の負熱膨張性材料と樹脂材料とを混合した複合体である。樹脂材料は特に限定されないが、たとえば、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリカーボネートなどが挙げられる。負熱膨張性材料と樹脂材料との混合比(体積比)は、使用する負熱膨張性材料および樹脂材料の熱膨張係数にもよるが、たとえば、5:95〜80:20である。本実施形態によれば、樹脂材料の正の熱膨張が負熱膨張性材料の負の熱膨張によって相殺されることにより、温度変化に対する寸法変化の割合が小さい材料が提供される。
Bi2O3(3.7040g)、Ni(0.9822g)、Al(NO3)3・9H2O(0.3139g)を35%硝酸溶液50mlに溶解し、スターラーで撹拌しながら蒸発乾固させた。得られた粉体を空気中で750℃で熱処理し、酸化物の混合粉とした後、酸化剤として働く過塩素酸カリウムを20質量%混ぜ込み、金カプセルに封入した。このカプセルを高圧合成装置を用いて、6万気圧、1000℃の条件下で30分間処理した。得られた試料を水洗して塩化カリウムを除去して負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Niを0.8169gを用い、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oを0.6278g用いて、Alの比率xを0.10としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてGa2O3を0.0798g用いて、Gaの比率xを0.05としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Niを0.9068gを用い、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてGa2O3を0.1596g用いて、Gaの比率xを0.10としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてCr2O3を0.06490g用いて、Crの比率xを0.05としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてFe(NO3)3・9H2Oを0.3269g用いて、Feの比率xを0.05としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Niを0.9068g用い、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてFe(NO3)3・9H2Oを0.6538g用いて、Feの比率xを0.10としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Niを0.8788g用い、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてFe(NO3)3・9H2Oを0.9807g用いて、Feの比率xを0.15としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてCo(NO3)2・6H2Oを0.2399g用いて、Coの比率xを0.05としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Al(NO3)3・9H2Oに代えてGa2O3を0.0808g用いて、Gaの比率xを0.05とし、さらに、Bi2O3を3.8170gとし、La2O3(0.1405g)を用いて、Laの比率yを0.05としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
Bi2O3を3.8402gとし、La2O3(0.1413g)を用いてLaの比率yを0.05し、かつ、Ni(1.0185g)を用いて、Mを用いない点を除いて、実施例1と同様な手順にて負熱膨張性材料を得た。
実施例8の負熱膨張性材料と、ビスフェノール型のエポキシ樹脂(ナミックス社製)とを体積比20:80にて混合し、樹脂複合体を作製した。この樹脂複合体の熱膨張率の温度依存性を歪みゲージを用いて計測した。図3に、実施例11の樹脂複合材の熱膨張率の温度依存性を示す。エポキシ樹脂単体の熱膨張係数は80ppm/Kである。これに対して、実施例11の樹脂複合材では、室温近傍での熱膨張係数は−8.4ppm/Kであり、負の値を示すことが確認された。このことから、負熱膨張性材料の添加量を17体積%にすれば、熱膨張がゼロになると推察される。
Claims (4)
- 負の熱膨張性を有する負熱膨張性材料であって、
下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする負熱膨張性材料。
BiNi1−xMxO3・・・(1)
(1)式中、MはAl,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Gaからなる群より選ばれる金属元素である。また、xは0.02≦x≦0.50を満たす。 - MがAl,Fe,Cr,Gaからなる群より選ばれる請求項1に記載の負熱膨張性材料。
- Biの一部がRでさらに置換された下記一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む請求項1または2に記載の負熱膨張性材料。
Bi1−yRyNi1−xMxO3・・・(2)
(2)式中、RはLa、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Yからなる群より選ばれる金属元素である。また、yは0<y<0.05を満たす。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の負熱膨張性材料と樹脂材料とを混合した複合体。
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