JP6134251B2 - Co2を封鎖し、酸性岩排水を含む環境影響を低減し、かつ、有価反応生成物を製造するための、co2富化ガスを使用する硫酸塩および/または硫化物に富む廃棄物の加工処理 - Google Patents
Co2を封鎖し、酸性岩排水を含む環境影響を低減し、かつ、有価反応生成物を製造するための、co2富化ガスを使用する硫酸塩および/または硫化物に富む廃棄物の加工処理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6134251B2 JP6134251B2 JP2013229649A JP2013229649A JP6134251B2 JP 6134251 B2 JP6134251 B2 JP 6134251B2 JP 2013229649 A JP2013229649 A JP 2013229649A JP 2013229649 A JP2013229649 A JP 2013229649A JP 6134251 B2 JP6134251 B2 JP 6134251B2
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- RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous carbonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C([O-])=O RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005338 frosted glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052959 stibnite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004174 sulfur cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004557 technical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/08—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by sulfides; Roasting reaction methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/73—After-treatment of removed components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/02—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
(表1)
表1:硫化物鉱物の部分的リスト1
鉱物 組成
黄鉄鉱 FeS2
白鉄鉱 FeS2
黄銅鉱 CuFeS2
輝銅鉱 Cu2S
閃亜鉛鉱 ZnS
方鉛鉱 PbS
針ニッケル鉱 NiS
磁硫鉄鉱 Fe1−xS(式中、0<x<0.2)
硫砒鉄鉱 FeAsS
辰砂 HgS
Ferguson、K.D.およびP.M.Erickson、1988、酸性鉱山排水の採掘前予測、Dredged Material and Mine Tailings(編者:Dr.Willem SalomonsおよびDr.Ulrich Forstner教授、版権:Springer−Verlag Berlin Heidelberg、1988年)。
別の態様において、硫酸塩および/または硫化物に富む廃棄物(金属硫化物鉱物を含む)を安定化するためのプロセスであって、廃棄物をCO2富化ガス混合物に曝露すること、CO2富化ガス混合物を硫酸塩鉱物および/または金属硫化物鉱物と反応させること、ならびに、CO2枯渇ガス混合物と、炭酸塩含有化合物と、精製金属(または、精錬もしくは精製のために好適な金属に富む化合物)、硫酸、イオウ、硫化水素、二酸化イオウ、三酸化イオウおよび亜硫酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの生成物とを形成することを含むプロセスが提供される。
本プロセスの付随的な、それにもかかわらず、重要な態様は、硫酸塩鉱物および/または硫化物鉱物の変換のために使用されるCO2富化ガス混合物が、炭化水素燃焼操作または他のCO2生成産業プロセスから直接に使用され得ることであり、それにより、そのような操作の温室効果ガス排出物を著しく低減させる。
FeS2+CO2+2H2O → FeCO3+2H2S+0.5O2
FeS2+CO2+2H2O+3.5O2 → FeCO3+2H2SO4
FeS+CO2+H2O → FeCO3+H2S
FeS+CO2+H2O+2O2 → FeCO3+H2SO4
ZnS+CO2+H2O → ZnCO3+H2S
ZnS+CO2+H2O+2O2 → ZnCO3+H2SO4
・約500℃まで
・約400℃まで
・約300℃まで
・約200℃まで
・約150℃まで
の温度に上がる場合がある。
・約10気圧まで
・約7気圧まで
・約5気圧まで
・約2気圧まで
局所的に上げられる場合がある。
a)約500℃まで
b)約400℃まで
c)約300℃まで
d)約200℃まで
e)約150℃まで
の1つから選択され、
かつ、圧力が、
a)約10気圧まで
b)約7気圧まで
c)約5気圧まで
d)約2気圧まで
の1つから選択される。
(a)破砕または粉砕された廃棄岩石、乾燥尾鉱、湿潤尾鉱、鉱石備蓄物、あるいは、硫酸塩および/または硫化物に富む他の物質の少なくとも1つを含む鉱山廃棄物または産業廃棄物を含む反応器/反応域;
(b)CO2富化ガス混合物の送達のための反応器/反応域内への供給ライン;
(c)水および他の反応物のための供給ライン;および
(d)固体および液体の反応生成物を分離するための手段
を含む装置が本明細書中に提供される。
より長期間の高温での実験6B、実験7および実験8では、CO2が実験の経過期間中にわたって漏れていたことが、(フラスコに挿入された、火のついたマッチ棒の火が、純CO2環境では消えるであろうが、消えなかったという点で)三角フラスコを開けたときに明らかであった。実験9および実験10において、ゴム栓には、グリセリンが塗布され、これにより、低い温度と一緒になって、ガス保持が改善された。この時点で、本発明者らは、より良好な封止機構を有する特注容器を探し始めた。
両方の実験のPXRDパターンは、類似したものであり、元素S、Fe硫酸塩相(ほとんどがリョクバン(Fe(SO4)・7H2O)である)、三価鉄の酸化物である針鉄鉱(FeOOH)および鉄水酸化物の存在、ならびに、炭酸ナトリウム塩に由来する強い線を示す。系における炭酸塩の存在にもかかわらず、炭酸塩が鉄と一緒に形成することの兆候は何もない。
Claims (21)
- 金属硫酸塩化合物および/または金属硫化物化合物に富む廃棄物を安定化するためのプロセスであって、
前記廃棄物をCO 2 富化ガスに曝露すること、
前記CO 2 富化ガスを前記金属硫酸塩化合物および/または前記金属硫化物化合物と反応させること、ならびに、
CO 2 枯渇ガスと、炭酸塩含有化合物と、精製金属、または、金属に富む化合物、硫酸、イオウ、硫化水素、二酸化イオウ、三酸化イオウおよび亜硫酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの生成物と、を形成することを含み、
前記反応させること、および、前記形成することは、前記廃棄物を安定化させる、プロセス。 - 前記CO 2 富化ガスが商業的CO 2 排出源および工業的CO 2 排出源の少なくとも1つに由来する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO 2 富化ガスが1重量%超のCO 2 を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO 2 富化ガスが、CO 2 と、O 2 、N 2 および/またはSO 2 の少なくとも1つとを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO 2 富化ガスが、化石燃料に基づく水素製造設備、および、CO 2 を発生しているバイオマスエネルギー施設のうちの1つに由来する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO 2 富化ガスが、発電所、石灰釜、セメント工場、炭化水素を燃料とする発電施設、暖房設備、天然ガス加工処理工場および合成燃料工場の少なくとも1つに由来する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃棄物が、表土、非鉱石岩石、低品位鉱石、尾鉱および湿式冶金残渣からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃棄物が乾燥鉱山尾鉱および湿潤鉱山尾鉱の少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃棄物が、黄鉄鉱、磁硫鉄鉱、白鉄鉱(marcasite)、硫砒鉄鉱、輝銀鉱、黄銅鉱、辰砂、方鉛鉱、輝水鉛鉱、硫鉄ニッケル鉱、鶏冠石、閃亜鉛鉱および輝安鉱の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記精製金属が、鉛、亜鉛、銅および鉄からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの高濃度金属および/または精製金属を含む金属に富む化合物である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃棄物が、反応域においてCO 2 富化ガスに最初に曝露されるとき、実質的に標準温度と標準圧力(STP)である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記反応は、
a)約500℃まで、
b)約400℃まで、
c)約300℃まで、
d)約200℃まで、または
e)約150℃まで、
の1つから選択される温度、
かつ、
a)約10気圧まで、
b)約7気圧まで、
c)約5気圧まで、または
d)約2気圧まで、
の1つから選択される圧力での、
反応器または反応域における前記廃棄物および前記CO 2 富化ガスの間における反応を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記反応は、前記CO 2 富化ガスと、前記金属硫酸塩化合物および/または前記金属硫化物化合物との間における反応を含み、i)反応器またはii)反応域の1つにおいて生じ、かつ、前記反応域は、i)廃棄物処理場、および、ii)2つ以上の向流セルから選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 金属硫酸塩化合物および/または金属硫化物化合物に富む廃棄物を安定化するためのプロセスであって、
(a)前記金属硫酸塩化合物および/または前記金属硫化物化合物を含む廃棄物を反応域においてCO 2 富化ガスと接触させて、反応混合物を製造すること;
(b)前記反応混合物から金属副生成物を回収すること;および
(c)硫酸、イオウ、硫化水素、二酸化イオウ、三酸化イオウおよび亜硫酸の1つまたは複数を前記反応混合物から分離および回収することを含むプロセス。 - 金属硫酸塩化合物および/または金属硫化物化合物に富む鉱山廃棄物および産業廃棄物を加工処理するための装置であって、
(a)破砕または粉砕された、廃棄岩、乾燥尾鉱、湿潤尾鉱、鉱石備蓄物、あるいは、硫酸塩および/または硫化物に富む他の廃棄物の少なくとも1つを含む鉱山廃棄物および/または産業廃棄物を含む反応器/反応域;
(b)CO 2 富化ガスの送達のための前記反応器/反応域内への供給ライン;
(c)水および他の反応物のための供給ライン;および
(d)固体および液体の反応生成物を分離するための手段
を含む装置。 - (a)水および他の反応物の温度を制御するための熱交換器;
(b)前記CO 2 富化ガスの温度を低下または上昇させるための熱交換器;
(c)H 2 SO 4 を前記液体の反応生成物から分離する反応器;
(d)元素イオウを前記液体の反応生成物から製造する反応器;
(e)溶液中の高濃度金属または固体の金属生成物のどちらかを製造する精製装置;
(f)反応済みガス生成物の捕集を可能にする圧力放出システム;
(g)H 2 Sガス、SO 2 ガスまたはSO 3 ガスを前記反応済みガス生成物から除くスクラバーの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項15に記載の装置。 - (a)硫酸(H 2 SO 4 )を液体の反応生成物から分離する反応器;(b)元素イオウ
を液体の反応生成物から製造する反応器;(c)溶液中の高濃度金属または固体の金属生
成物のどちらかを製造する精製装置;(d)様々なサイズの供給流由来の微粒子物質を製
造することができる破砕および粉砕回路;(e)硫化水素(H 2 S)ガス、二酸化イオウ
(SO 2 )ガスまたは三酸化イオウ(SO 3 )ガスをいずれかの反応済みガス生成物から
除くスクラバーの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項15に記載の装置。 - 金属硫酸塩化合物および/または金属硫化物化合物に富む廃棄物を安定化するためのシステムで、内部で生じるプロセスを含むために適合化され、反応域が、封じ込められた廃棄物処理場であるシステムであって、
(a)不浸透性裏張り上のi)堆積およびii)山積みの1つに位置する、前記金属硫
酸塩化合物および/または前記金属硫化物化合物に富む鉱山廃棄物および/または産業廃
棄物の供給源;
(b)液体生成物を前記不浸透性裏張りから排水するための一連のパイプ/内
張りされた溝;
(c)前記液体生成物を貯蔵するための容器;
(d)注入ガスを閉じ込めるためのキャップ/カバー;
(e)CO 2 富化ガスの供給源;
(f)水および他の反応物;
(g)水および反応物を前記堆積/山積みに分配するための、前記キャップ/カバーの
下にあるパイプシステム;および
(h)CO 2 富化ガスが、前記廃棄物、水および他の反応物と混合され得る、前記CO 2 富化ガスを前記廃棄物の中に注入するためのパイプシステムを含むシステム。 - 前記反応域は、堆積/山積みからなり、かつ、反応が、i)標準温度と標準気圧(STP)、または、ii)約250℃までの高い温度および/または約5気圧までの高い圧力の1つで生じる、請求項18に記載のシステム。
- 金属硫酸塩化合物および/または金属硫化物化合物に富む廃棄物を安定化するためのプロセスで、前記廃棄物を反応器/反応域においてCO 2 富化ガスに曝露することを含み、ただし、前記反応器/反応域が少なくとも2つの向流セルを含み、かつ、廃棄物、試薬および/または水が、連続している第1のセルの中に流れ、その後、(第1の方向で)前方に進み、一連の後続セルを通って最後のセルにまで達し、かつ、CO 2 富化ガスが、第2の逆向き方向で、すなわち、CO 2 富化ガスが前記最後のセルに入り、前記第1のセルにまで進むように前記第1の方向に対して対向流で流れるプロセスであって、CO 2 枯渇ガスと、炭酸塩含有化合物と、精製金属、または、金属に富む化合物、硫酸、イオウ、硫化水素、二酸化イオウ、三酸化イオウおよび亜硫酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの生成物と、を形成し、
前記曝露すること、および、前記形成することは、前記廃棄物を安定化させる、プロセス。 - CO 2 を封鎖するためのプロセスであって、
金属硫酸塩化合物および/または金属硫化物化合物を含む物質を準備すること、
封鎖されるCO 2 を含むCO 2 富化ガスに前記物質を曝露すること、
前記CO 2 富化ガスを前記金属硫酸塩化合物および/または前記金属硫化物化合物と反応させること、ならびに、
CO 2 枯渇ガスと、炭酸塩含有化合物と、精錬金属、または、金属に富む化合物、硫酸、イオウ、硫化水素、二酸化イオウ、三酸化イオウおよび亜硫酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの生成物とを形成することを含み、
前記曝露すること、および、前記反応させることは、CO 2 を封鎖する、プロセス。
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