US4721526A - Heap leaching with oxygen - Google Patents
Heap leaching with oxygen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4721526A US4721526A US06/895,977 US89597786A US4721526A US 4721526 A US4721526 A US 4721526A US 89597786 A US89597786 A US 89597786A US 4721526 A US4721526 A US 4721526A
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- pile
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- gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/08—Obtaining noble metals by cyaniding
Definitions
- Pile leaching of gold and silver ores has been increasing in popularity since pile leaching techniques can be practiced with low capital and operating costs, and may be cost-effective for use with low grade ores.
- "Pile leaching” as used in the present specification and claims covers what are conventionally known as heap leaching processes, vat leaching processes, and like processes in which a pile of ore particles or the like have a cyanide leaching liquid applied thereto, with recovery of pregnant liquor from the bottom of the pile.
- the term "ore” as used in the present specification and claims covers tailings, uncrushed ore, crushed ore, agglomerated crushed ore, and the like.
- Pile leaching normally encompasses the percolation leaching of relatively coarse gold-siver ore piled on a surface which allows collection of the pregnant liquor obtained from the percolation leaching.
- the leach rate can be increased, and/or the recovery can be increased in the same total leach time, by utilizing oxygen in the leaching process. That is oxygen containing gas, having a significantly higher precentage of oxygen therein than is obtained utilizing ambient air, is supplied to the pile. This may be practiced by introducing oxygen containing gas, such as "pure oxygen” (e.g. gas having about 99 percent oxygen) into bottom portions of the pile utilizing a plurality of pipes having gas passages therein. Additionally, or alternatively, the oxygen can be supplied to the pile by adding the oxygen to the cyanide leaching liquid that is applied to the pile to leach the gold and/or silver from the ore into the pregnant liquor.
- oxygen containing gas such as "pure oxygen” (e.g. gas having about 99 percent oxygen)
- the oxygen can be supplied to the pile by adding the oxygen to the cyanide leaching liquid that is applied to the pile to leach the gold and/or silver from the ore into the pregnant liquor.
- An ejector may be utilized to add the oxygen gas to the liquid prior to applying it to the pile, as by spraying it on top of the pile (particularly where heap leaching is utilized), flooding the top of the pile (particularly where vat leaching is practiced), or applying it as a foam (the oxygen gas and cyanide leaching liquid foaming) on top of the pile.
- the gold and/or silver may be recovered from the pregnant liquor utilizing a number of conventional techniques.
- the pregnant liquor may be withdrawn from adjcent the bottom of a heap and then treated by a carbon-adsorption system or a zinc precipitation system, or it may be withdrawn from the bottom of a rock filter of a vat leaching apparatus, and similarly treated by carbon-adsorption or zinc precipitation.
- the flow of solution to a pile could be increased to maintain the same gold concentration in solution, or, alternatively, the flow could be maintained at the same rate as in conventional pile leaching, resulting in a higher concentration of gold in solution (and thereby permitting a smaller recovery system).
- FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic view of exemplary apparatus for practicing a heap leaching method according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective detail view of a portion of an exemplary oxygen introducing pipe utilizable in the system of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a box diagram illustrating an exemplary system for the preactive of vat leaching according to the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial, side, cross-sectional view illustrating equipment utilized with one of the vats schematically illustrated in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary heap leaching system for practicing a method of heap leaching of gold and silver ore according to the present invention is illustrated schematically by reference numeral 10 in FIG. 1.
- Ore 11 is heaped in any suitable conventional manner on a sloping leach pad 12.
- the leach pad 12 may be of conventional design, having a substantially impervious surface 14 on which the ore 11 is heaped, such as a plastic heap laid over a prepared surface, a reusable pad, a locally-obtained clay lined pad, etc.
- the impervious surface 14 of the pad 12 is sloping, such as illustrated in FIG. 1, having a higher portion and a lower portion, and pregnant liquid is withdrawn from the lower portion, as utilizing the conventional pregnant solution trough 16.
- the pregnant liquid passes via conduit 20 to a conventional gold recovery station 22, which may comprise a conventional carbon-adsorption system, a conventional zinc precipitation system, or the like.
- the barren solution (cyanide leaching liquid) from the gold recovery station 22 passes in line 24 ultimately to be applied to the ore pile 11 via line 26 in conventional sprayheads 28, or the like. Desirably a portion of the pregnant liquor is recycled from line 20 to line 24 via line 30.
- the leach rate and/or the recovery of gold or silver in the same total leach time is achieved by supplying oxygen to the ore in the pile 11.
- Oxygen gas is supplied which has a significantly greater percentage of oxygen therein than does ambient air; desirably, "pure oxygen” is utilized, that is oxygen gas having a purity approaching about 99 percent or so, however gases having lower percentages of oxygen, but higher than in ambient air, also will be effective.
- the oxygen gas is supplied from a tank of oxygen, 34, via line 36.
- the oxygen gas can be supplied to the ore in pile 11 by one of, or both of, two ways.
- the oxygen gas from source 34 is applied to the cyanide leaching liquid in line 24 utilizing a conventional ejector 32, the oxygen gas being supplied to the suction 38 of the ejector 32.
- Preferably enough oxygen gas is supplied to essentially saturate the leaching liquid with oxygen gas.
- the oxygen gas is applied to the pile 11 utilizing line 40, connected to line 36, header 41, and pipes 42.
- the pipes 42 are disposed adjacent the bottom of the pile 11, and extend substantially the length thereof.
- the pipes 42 have gas passages, such as illustrated by the openings 44 in FIG. 2, therein.
- the passages 44 are designed with respect to the size of particles expected to be provided in the pile 11, so that the particles of ore do not readily clog the passages 44.
- Any suitable construction of passages can be provided in order to effect the desired results, such as by providing the entire pipes 42 of gas porous sintered material or the like, providing the passages in the side or bottoms of the pipe, etc.
- a second plurality of pipes, perpendicular to pipes 42, may also be provided adjacent the bottom of the pile and connected to tank 34.
- a cover 46 may be provided on top of the pile 11.
- the cover 46 would be formed of gas impermeable plastic, or the like, which would prevent or minimize diffusion of oxygen out of the pile 11.
- An oxygen atmosphere could be maintained beneath the cover 46, and/or the leaching liquid could be applied by spraying it on top of the cover 46 (if the cover were water permeable while still preventing or minimizing diffusion of oxygen therethrough).
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the practice of an exemplary method according to the invention in a process conventionally referred to as vat leaching.
- An exemplary system for practicing this process is illustrated generally by reference numeral 50 in FIG. 3 and preferably includes a plurality of vats 52, 53, 54, and 55.
- a typical vat, such as the vat 55 has an end wall 56, and sidewalls 57, 58. At least a portion of the bottom of the vat slopes downwardly from the open end between the walls 57, 58, toward the wall 56.
- the bottom of the vat 55 typically would contain rocks 60 providing a rock bed or filter, a layer of burlap 61, a wood support 62 or the like, and a filter 63 below the support 62 and burlap 61.
- the ore is provided in a pile 59 above the rocks 60.
- Pregnant liquor is withdrawn from the bottom of the rocks 60 via the filter 63 into lines 63', pump 64 pumping the pregnant liquid from the vat 55.
- a sump 65 is provided adjacent the filter 63.
- oxygen is supplied to the pile 59 from oxygen source 66, as via line 67 which is connected up to individual headers 68 within each vat (e.g. vat 55), with a plurality of pipes 70 extending from each header 68.
- the pipes 70 have gas passages therein, as described above with respect to pipes 42.
- the pipes 70 may be provided adjacent the bottom of the pile 59, to introduce oxygen gas into the pile 59 so that it flows generally upwardly therein.
- oxygen gas is supplied to the pile 59 by adding it to the cyanide leaching liquid from storage tank 72, which passes in line 74.
- An ejector 76 in line 74 has oxygen supplied to the suction 78 thereof, the outlet 80 from the ejector 76 applying the leaching liquid to each of the vats 52-55.
- the cyanide leaching liquid is typically applied to the piles 59 by flooding; for example see the liquid 82 above the ore 59 in FIG. 4.
- the oxygen gas and cyanide liquid could be caused to foam, and the material 82 above the ore pile 59 could be a foam.
- the pregnant liquor from each of the lines 63' associated with the vats 52-55 passes into lines 84, which ultimately pass to pregnant liquor holding tanks 86. From there the liquor is passed to a recovery station, as to the carbon columns 88 having stripping unit 90 associated therewith, from which the gold (and/or silver) is recovered.
- the method in its broadest concepts, envisions the percolation leaching of gold and silver ore by practicing the following steps: (a) Piling leachable gold and silver ore (as defined above) into a pile. (b) Applying a cyanide leaching liquid to the pile to leach gold and silver from the ore into a pregnant liquor. (c) Supplying gas to the pile, the gas containing oxygen in an amount greater than in ambient air, to increase the leach rate or recovery, of gold and silver.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/895,977 US4721526A (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-08-13 | Heap leaching with oxygen |
ZA867040A ZA867040B (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-09-16 | Heap leaching with oxygen |
AU75708/87A AU592000B2 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-07-14 | Heap leaching with oxygen |
CN198787105351A CN87105351A (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-08-03 | Utilize the heap leaching of oxygen |
CA000544252A CA1329485C (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-08-11 | Heap leaching with oxygen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/895,977 US4721526A (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-08-13 | Heap leaching with oxygen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4721526A true US4721526A (en) | 1988-01-26 |
Family
ID=25405398
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/895,977 Expired - Fee Related US4721526A (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-08-13 | Heap leaching with oxygen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4721526A (en) |
CN (1) | CN87105351A (en) |
AU (1) | AU592000B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1329485C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA867040B (en) |
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4929274A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-05-29 | Drew Chemical Corporation | Recovery of metal values from ores |
US5246486A (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-09-21 | Newmont Gold Co. | Biooxidation process for recovery of gold from heaps of low-grade sulfidic and carbonaceous sulfidic ore materials |
US5431717A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-07-11 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for rendering refractory sulfide ores more susceptible to biooxidation |
US5688304A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1997-11-18 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for improving the heap biooxidation rate of refractory sulfide ore particles that are biooxidized using recycled bioleachate solution |
US5766930A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1998-06-16 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method of biotreatment for solid materials in a nonstirred surface bioreactor |
US5834294A (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1998-11-10 | Newmont Gold Co. | Biooxidation process for recovery of metal values from sulfur-containing ore materials |
US5985221A (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1999-11-16 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Method of recovering precious metals |
US6083730A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2000-07-04 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Nonstirred bioreactor for processing refractory sulfide concentrates and method for operating same |
US6107065A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 2000-08-22 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Nonstirred bioreactor for processing refractory sulfide concentrates and method for operating same |
US6146444A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2000-11-14 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for recovering metal value from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
WO2001018267A1 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2001-03-15 | Billiton Intellectual Property B.V. | Recovery of precious metal from sulphide minerals by bioleaching |
US6482373B1 (en) | 1991-04-12 | 2002-11-19 | Newmont Usa Limited | Process for treating ore having recoverable metal values including arsenic containing components |
US6696283B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 | 2004-02-24 | Newmont Usa Limited | Particulate of sulfur-containing ore materials and heap made therefrom |
US6736877B2 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2004-05-18 | Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. | Heap bioleaching process for the extraction of zinc |
US20040115108A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-17 | Hackl Ralph Peter | Method for thiosulfate leaching of precious metal-containing materials |
US20040171136A1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-09-02 | Holtzapple Mark T. | Methods and systems for pretreatment and processing of biomass |
US20040206207A1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-10-21 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Method for thiosulfate leaching of precious metal-containing materials |
US20050066773A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2005-03-31 | Harlamovs Juris R | Heap bioleaching process for the extraction of zinc |
WO2007090725A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Basf Se | Aqueous solutions containing metal cyanide for cyanide leaching for the winning of gold and silver |
AU2007211912B2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2008-01-31 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Method for thiosulfate leaching of precious metal-containing materials |
US20080284068A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2008-11-20 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty. Ltd. | Heap or Dump Leaching System Having an Air Distributor |
CN102268556A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-12-07 | 广西地博矿业集团股份有限公司 | Cyaniding gold-extracting technology of dense primary gold deposit containing arsenic, antimony, lead, zinc and iron |
CN102492854A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-13 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for raising leaching rate of silver cyanide |
US20130045052A1 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-21 | Golder Associates Inc. | System and method for treating an excavation activity |
US20130106001A1 (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2013-05-02 | Netafim, Ltd. | Heap leaching aeration system |
JP2014193455A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-10-09 | Strategic Metals Ltd | Processing of sulfate- and/or sulfide-rich waste using co2-enriched gases to sequester co2, reduce environmental impacts including acid rock drainage and produce valuable reaction products |
US8931642B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2015-01-13 | William D. Simmons | Activated flotation circuit for processing combined oxide and sulfide ores |
US9051625B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2015-06-09 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Method for recovering precious metals and copper from leach solutions |
US9695050B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2017-07-04 | Terra Co2 Technologies Ltd. | Methods and systems using electrochemical cells for processing metal sulfate compounds from mine waste and sequestering CO2 |
US10161016B2 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2018-12-25 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Method for pre-treatment of gold-bearing oxide ores |
US10415116B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2019-09-17 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Co-current and counter current resin-in-leach in gold leaching processes |
US11639540B2 (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2023-05-02 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Method for carbon-catalysed thiosulfate leaching of gold-bearing materials |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100376697C (en) * | 2004-05-01 | 2008-03-26 | 南华大学 | Technique of heap leaching atomized liquid for cloth |
UY32794A (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2011-01-31 | Anglo Operations Ltd | LIXIVIATION PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF PRECIOUS METALS |
Citations (5)
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US2009667A (en) * | 1930-06-21 | 1935-07-30 | Harmon E Keyes | Percolation leaching method |
US4190436A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1980-02-26 | Hughes Robert M | Air mix agitation for the extraction of metals from leachable ores |
US4256705A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1981-03-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Leaching agglomerated gold - silver ores |
DE3126234A1 (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-20 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR LEANING GOLD AND SILVER |
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-
1986
- 1986-08-13 US US06/895,977 patent/US4721526A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-09-16 ZA ZA867040A patent/ZA867040B/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-07-14 AU AU75708/87A patent/AU592000B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-08-03 CN CN198787105351A patent/CN87105351A/en active Pending
- 1987-08-11 CA CA000544252A patent/CA1329485C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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US2009667A (en) * | 1930-06-21 | 1935-07-30 | Harmon E Keyes | Percolation leaching method |
US4190436A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1980-02-26 | Hughes Robert M | Air mix agitation for the extraction of metals from leachable ores |
US4256705A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1981-03-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Leaching agglomerated gold - silver ores |
DE3126234A1 (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-20 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR LEANING GOLD AND SILVER |
US4526615A (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1985-07-02 | Johnson Paul H | Cellular heap leach process and apparatus |
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Cited By (81)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU614689B2 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1991-09-05 | Ashland Inc. | Recovery of metal values from ores |
US4929274A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-05-29 | Drew Chemical Corporation | Recovery of metal values from ores |
US6482373B1 (en) | 1991-04-12 | 2002-11-19 | Newmont Usa Limited | Process for treating ore having recoverable metal values including arsenic containing components |
US5834294A (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1998-11-10 | Newmont Gold Co. | Biooxidation process for recovery of metal values from sulfur-containing ore materials |
US5246486A (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-09-21 | Newmont Gold Co. | Biooxidation process for recovery of gold from heaps of low-grade sulfidic and carbonaceous sulfidic ore materials |
US6696283B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 | 2004-02-24 | Newmont Usa Limited | Particulate of sulfur-containing ore materials and heap made therefrom |
US6387155B1 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2002-05-14 | Geobiotics, Llc | Method for recovering metal values from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
US20050005737A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2005-01-13 | Geobiotics, Llc | Method for recovering metal values from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
US5431717A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-07-11 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for rendering refractory sulfide ores more susceptible to biooxidation |
US5800593A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1998-09-01 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for rendering refractory sulfide ores more susceptible to biooxidation |
US6652622B2 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2003-11-25 | Geobiotics, Llc. | Method for recovering metal values from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
US20100199808A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2010-08-12 | Geobiotics, Llc | Method for recovering metal values from refractory sulfide ore |
US6083730A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2000-07-04 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Nonstirred bioreactor for processing refractory sulfide concentrates and method for operating same |
US5573575A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-11-12 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for rendering refractory sulfide ores more susceptible to biooxidation |
US20070107550A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2007-05-17 | Geobiotics, Inc., A California Corporation | Method For Recovering Metal Values From Concentrates of Sulfide Minerals |
US6146444A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2000-11-14 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for recovering metal value from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
US7429286B2 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2008-09-30 | Geobiotics, Llc | Method for recovering metal values from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
US7156894B2 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2007-01-02 | Geobiotics, Llc | Method for recovering metal values from concentrates of sulfide minerals |
US5611839A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1997-03-18 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for rendering refractory sulfide ores more susceptible to biooxidation |
US8029598B2 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2011-10-04 | Geobiotics, Llc | Method for recovering metal values from refractory sulfide ore |
US5985221A (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1999-11-16 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Method of recovering precious metals |
US6086656A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 2000-07-11 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for improving the heap biooxidation rate of refractory sulfide ore particles that are biooxidized using recycled bioleachate solution |
US5688304A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1997-11-18 | Geobiotics, Inc. | Method for improving the heap biooxidation rate of refractory sulfide ore particles that are biooxidized using recycled bioleachate solution |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA867040B (en) | 1987-05-27 |
AU7570887A (en) | 1988-02-18 |
CA1329485C (en) | 1994-05-17 |
AU592000B2 (en) | 1989-12-21 |
CN87105351A (en) | 1988-06-08 |
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