JP6120104B2 - Freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage - Google Patents
Freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6120104B2 JP6120104B2 JP2015100739A JP2015100739A JP6120104B2 JP 6120104 B2 JP6120104 B2 JP 6120104B2 JP 2015100739 A JP2015100739 A JP 2015100739A JP 2015100739 A JP2015100739 A JP 2015100739A JP 6120104 B2 JP6120104 B2 JP 6120104B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat storage
- heat
- water
- space
- pit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
Description
本発明は、地表から掘り下げられて地下の位置に設けられた基礎の底盤の上に、断熱材の層を介し、夜間電力を利用する発熱体が埋設された状態に蓄熱材の層が設けられ、該蓄熱材の層を底部とする空間である蓄熱床下ピットを備え、該蓄熱床下ピットの熱エネルギーを水回りの空間に空気流を介して供給することで、該水回りの設備に係る凍結を防止する床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムに関するものである。 In the present invention, a layer of a heat storage material is provided in a state in which a heating element that uses nighttime electric power is embedded via a layer of heat insulating material on a base bottom plate that is dug down from the ground surface and provided in an underground position. A heat storage floor pit, which is a space with the layer of the heat storage material as a bottom, and supplying the thermal energy of the heat storage floor pit to the water space via an air flow, thereby freezing the equipment around the water The present invention relates to an anti-freezing system that uses underfloor heat storage to prevent water.
先行技術として、本出願人が、外側壁面（２）が地熱層（９）に面した床下コンクリ−ト囲壁（１）と、その囲壁（１）の内側壁面（３）及び地熱層（９）に開口した底面（４）一帯に張設した断熱材（５）と、その断熱材（５）の内側に敷設した深夜畜電供給源と接続した発熱体（６）を埋設した畜熱材（７）と、前記囲壁（１）及び畜熱材（７）とで合成される畜熱床下ピット（８）内に設備した床下配管・機器系（１０）、（１１）とから成る床下畜熱利用の衛生設備器具・配管・機器系の凍結防止システム（図７、特許文献１の請求項１参照）を、既に提案している。 As prior art, the Applicant has identified the underfloor concrete wall (1) with the outer wall surface (2) facing the geothermal layer (9), the inner wall surface (3) and the geothermal layer (9) of the wall (1). (4) A heat-insulating material (5) stretched over the whole area and a heat-generating material (6) embedded with a heating element (6) connected to a midnight livestock power supply source laid inside the heat-insulating material (5) ( 7) and underfloor livestock heat comprising the underfloor piping / equipment system (10) and (11) installed in the livestock underfloor pit (8) synthesized with the surrounding wall (1) and the livestock heat material (7). An anti-freezing system for use sanitary equipment / piping / equipment (see FIG. 7, claim 1 of Patent Document 1) has already been proposed.
これによれば、コンクリ−ト自体の畜熱能力に着目して水廻りの床下コンクリ−ト空間を畜熱床下ピット８として利用して、自然の地熱と割安な深夜電力の併用により畜熱、放熱を行って配管系１０、機器系１１全体の凍結を防止するものであるから、水抜き作業を不要とし、常時給水給湯を可能とし、また電熱帯の局部的被覆によらないで、上記のように深夜畜電供給源と接続した発熱体６を埋設した畜熱材７（潜熱作用）により電力消費を最小限に留めることができる（図７、特許文献１の［００１７］参照）。なお、各衛生器具に付帯されている封水トラップについては、封水トラップも全て水抜きを実施すると、排水管より臭気が家中に充満すると共に害虫が発生することがあるため、例えば従来は、水抜き時に全ての封水トラップについて不凍液を注入して凍結を防いでいた。これに対して、上記の方法によれば、その封水トラップについても保温ができるため、水抜きや不凍液の注入を行う必要がない。 According to this, paying attention to the livestock heat capacity of the concrete itself, using the underfloor concrete space around the water as the livestock underfloor pit 8, Since heat radiation is performed to prevent freezing of the piping system 10 and the equipment system 11 as a whole, draining work is unnecessary, water supply and hot water can be provided at all times, and the above-described local coverage of the electrotropics is not required. Thus, the power consumption can be kept to a minimum by the livestock heat material 7 (latent heat action) in which the heating element 6 connected to the late-night livestock power supply source is embedded (see FIG. 7, [0017] of Patent Document 1). In addition, about the seal trap attached to each sanitary appliance, if all the seal traps are drained, the odor may be filled in the house from the drain pipe and pests may be generated. For example, conventionally, Antifreeze was poured into all sealed traps at the time of draining to prevent freezing. On the other hand, according to the above method, the sealed trap can be kept warm, so that it is not necessary to drain water or inject antifreeze.
また、他の先行技術として、住宅基礎構築部分の地表から掘り下げた位置にべた基礎を造成し、べた基礎周囲に造成される基礎立ち上がりを地表上に延ばして地下壁を形成させて上部構造を構築し、地下基礎内を外断熱構造にすると共に、地下室内に非燃焼形の蓄熱式電気暖房器を設置して暖気を上部建屋内に導いて各室を暖房することにより人が不在の厳冬期であっても水道の水抜きを不要としたことを特徴とする建築物（特許文献２の請求項１参照）が提案されている。 In addition, as another prior art, a solid foundation is created at a position dug down from the ground surface of the housing foundation construction part, and the upper structure built around the solid foundation is extended on the ground surface to form an underground wall to construct the superstructure In addition, the basement has an external heat insulation structure, and a non-combustion type regenerative electric heater is installed in the basement to guide the warm air to the upper building and heat each room. Even so, there has been proposed a building (see claim 1 of Patent Document 2) characterized in that it is not necessary to drain the water supply.
床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムに関して解決しようとする問題点は、より効率的に凍結防止ができると共、蓄熱床下ピットから上方の水平方向に離れた水回りについても適切に凍結防止ができる構造が提案されていない点にある。
そこで、本発明の目的は、より効率的に凍結防止ができると共、蓄熱床下ピットから上方の水平方向に離れた水回りについても適切に凍結防止ができる床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムを提供することにある。
The problem to be solved with the anti-freezing system using underfloor heat storage is that it can prevent freezing more efficiently, and can also prevent freezing appropriately even for water around the horizon above the heat storage underfloor pit. Is not proposed.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-freezing system using under-floor heat storage that can prevent freezing appropriately even for water around the upper horizontal direction away from the heat storage under-floor pit as well as being able to prevent freezing more efficiently. There is to do.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために次の構成を備える。
本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、地表から掘り下げられて地下の位置に設けられた基礎の底盤の上に、断熱材の層を介し、夜間電力を利用する発熱体が埋設された状態に蓄熱材の層が設けられ、該蓄熱材の層を底部とする空間である蓄熱床下ピットを備え、該蓄熱床下ピットの熱エネルギーを水回りの空間に空気流を介して供給することで、該水回りの設備に係る凍結を防止する床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムであって、前記蓄熱床下ピットから上方に離れた前記水回りの空間へ熱エネルギーを供給するように両空間を連通する熱輸送管が設けられ、該熱輸送管にあっては、前記蓄熱床下ピットから前記水回りの空間に横方向へも空気流を導く管路部について、前記水回りの空間の側へ向って高くなるように勾配が設けられた勾配管部となっている。
The present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.
According to one form of the anti-freezing system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, the nighttime power is utilized through a layer of heat insulating material on the bottom of the foundation that is dug down from the ground surface and provided in an underground position. A layer of a heat storage material is provided in a state where the heating element is embedded, and includes a heat storage underfloor pit that is a space with the heat storage material layer as a bottom, and the heat energy of the heat storage underfloor pit is transferred to the space around the water. A freezing prevention system that uses underfloor heat storage to prevent freezing related to the water-related equipment, and supplies heat energy to the water-related space distant from the heat storage underfloor pit. A heat transport pipe that communicates the two spaces, and the heat transport pipe has a pipe section that guides an air flow laterally from the heat storage floor pit to the water space. High towards the side of the space Gradient has a gradient tube portion provided on so that.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記熱輸送管は、前記水回りの空間に開口する側の部分である縦方向に延びる立ち上がり管部と、前記蓄熱床下ピットに開口する側から前記立ち上がり管部へ接続される前記勾配管部とを備えていることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the freeze prevention system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, the heat transport pipe is a rising pipe portion extending in the vertical direction, which is a portion that opens to the space around the water, and The gradient pipe part connected to the rising pipe part from the side opened to the heat storage floor lower pit may be provided.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記熱輸送管の前記勾配管部の勾配が１／５以上であることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the freezing prevention system using the underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, the gradient of the gradient pipe portion of the heat transport pipe is 1/5 or more.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記熱輸送管には、給水管及び／又は給湯管が挿通されていることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, a water supply pipe and / or a hot water supply pipe are inserted into the heat transport pipe.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記蓄熱床下ピット内にあって開口する前記勾配管部の端部が下方に向って開いているように円筒状管を斜めに切断した形状に設けられ、該円筒状管の切断された端部の先端部分が庇状となるように上側に位置されていることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the antifreezing system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, a cylindrical shape is formed so that an end portion of the gradient pipe portion opened in the heat storage underfloor pit is open downward. The tube is provided in a shape that is cut obliquely, and the tip of the cut end of the cylindrical tube is positioned on the upper side so as to have a bowl shape.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記水回りの空間が、流し台の内部に断熱材で囲まれて形成された流し台の保温空間であることを特徴とすることができる。 Further, according to one aspect of the anti-freezing system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, the space around the water is a heat insulating space of a sink formed by being surrounded by a heat insulating material inside the sink. It can be.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記流し台の保温空間から、流し台の上面に設置されたカランを覆うエコホットマフラーの内部空間に前記空気流を介して熱エネルギーを供給するように、前記流し台の保温空間の上面であって前記カランの近傍に前記エコホットマフラーの内部空間へ連通する熱輸送用の温風吹出口が設けられていることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the antifreezing system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, the air flow is passed from the heat insulation space of the sink to the internal space of the eco-hot muffler covering the curan installed on the upper surface of the sink. In order to supply heat energy, a hot air outlet for heat transportation is provided on the upper surface of the heat insulation space of the sink and in the vicinity of the currant, and communicates with the internal space of the eco-hot muffler. can do.
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、食洗機の回りに、夜間電力を利用する前記発熱体と蓄熱用器具とを配置したことを特徴とすることができる。
また、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの一形態によれば、前記蓄熱床下ピット内の壁部において、内側壁面に断熱材の層を介し、蓄熱コンクリート壁が築造されていることを特徴とすることができる。
Moreover, according to one form of the freezing prevention system using the underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, the heating element using the nighttime power and the heat storage device are arranged around the dishwasher. Can do.
Moreover, according to one form of the freezing prevention system using the underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, a heat storage concrete wall is built on the inner wall surface through a layer of heat insulating material in the wall portion in the heat storage underfloor pit. Can be characterized.
本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムによれば、より効率的に凍結防止ができると共、蓄熱床下ピットから上方の水平方向に離れた水回りについても適切に凍結防止ができるという特別有利な効果を奏する。 According to the antifreezing system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent freezing more efficiently and at the same time, it is possible to appropriately prevent freezing even for water around the upper horizontal direction from the heat storage underfloor pit. There is an advantageous effect.
以下、本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムの形態例を図面（図１〜６）に基づいて説明する。この床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムは、地表から掘り下げられて地下の位置に設けられた基礎の底盤４Ａの上に、断熱材５の層を介し、夜間電力を利用する発熱体６が埋設された状態に蓄熱材７の層が設けられ、その蓄熱材７の層を底部８ａとする空間である蓄熱床下ピット８を備え、その蓄熱床下ピット８の熱エネルギーを水回りの空間に空気流を介して供給することで、その水回りの設備に係る凍結を防止するものである。 Hereinafter, an example of a freeze prevention system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings (FIGS. 1 to 6). In this anti-freezing system using under-floor heat storage, a heating element 6 that uses nighttime power is buried on a base floor 4A that is dug down from the ground surface and provided at a basement position, via a layer of heat insulating material 5. In this state, a layer of the heat storage material 7 is provided, and a heat storage underfloor pit 8 that is a space having the heat storage material 7 layer as a bottom 8a is provided, and the heat energy of the heat storage underfloor pit 8 is transferred to the space around the water. To prevent the freezing of the equipment around the water.
２０は熱輸送管であり、蓄熱床下ピット８から上方に離れた水回りの空間３０へ熱エネルギーを供給するように両空間を連通するように設けられている。
本形態例の熱輸送管２０では、図２に示すように、塩化ビニールパイプなどの円筒状管２１に、スチロール保温筒２２、グラスウール２３及びアルミガラスクロス２４を巻いて断熱を行い、保温効果の高い形態になっている。これによれば、蓄熱床下ピット８の熱エネルギーを、水回りの空間３０へ空気の対流現象を利用して効果的に供給することができる。
Reference numeral 20 denotes a heat transport pipe, which is provided so that both spaces communicate with each other so as to supply heat energy to a space 30 around the water that is distant from the heat storage floor lower pit 8.
In the heat transport pipe 20 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a styrene heat insulating cylinder 22, a glass wool 23, and an aluminum glass cloth 24 are wound around a cylindrical pipe 21 such as a vinyl chloride pipe to insulate it, and thus a heat insulating effect is obtained. High form. According to this, the thermal energy of the heat storage underfloor pit 8 can be effectively supplied to the space 30 around the water by utilizing the convection phenomenon of air.
そして、本発明に係る熱輸送管２０にあっては、蓄熱床下ピット８から水回りの空間３０に横方向へも空気流を導く管路部について、水回りの空間３０の側へ向って高くなるように勾配が設けられた勾配管部２５となっている。
このように熱輸送管２０に勾配が設けられることで、暖かく軽い空気は、上方へ抵抗が小さく上昇できる。反対に、冷却された空気は、重くなるため、下方へ抵抗が小さく下降でき、空気の対流がスムースになされる。すなわち、この熱輸送管２０が傾斜した状態に配されて勾配が付けられたことによれば、空気流の淀む部分がなくなり、蓄熱床下ピット８の熱エネルギーを水回りの空間へ空気の対流現象を利用して効果的に供給することができる。
In the heat transport pipe 20 according to the present invention, the pipe section that guides the air flow laterally from the heat storage underfloor pit 8 to the water space 30 is increased toward the water space 30 side. The gradient pipe portion 25 is provided with a gradient so as to be.
By providing the heat transport pipe 20 with the gradient in this way, warm and light air can rise upward with a small resistance. On the contrary, since the cooled air becomes heavier, the resistance can be lowered downward with a small resistance, and the air convection is made smooth. That is, when the heat transport pipe 20 is arranged in an inclined state and has a gradient, there is no portion where the air flow is stagnant, and the thermal energy of the pit 8 under the heat storage floor is transferred to the space around the water. Can be supplied effectively.
本形態例に係る熱輸送管２０は、水回りの空間３０に開口する側が縦方向に延びる立ち上がり管部２７と、蓄熱床下ピット８に開口する側から立ち上がり管部２７へ接続されて縦方向と共に横方向へも空気流を導く管路部であって水回りの空間３０の側へ向って高くなるように勾配が設けられている勾配管部２５とを備える。
このように立ち上がり管部２７と勾配管部２５とによって熱輸送管２０を構成することで、その熱輸送管２０を水回りの空間３０の床下から容易に配管でき、その施工性を向上させることができる。なお、立ち上がり管部２７と勾配管部２５との継手に関しては、図１に示すようなエルボ管２６を適宜に用いればよいのは勿論である。
The heat transport pipe 20 according to the present embodiment is connected to the rising pipe part 27 extending in the vertical direction on the side opened to the water-related space 30 and the rising pipe part 27 from the side opening to the heat storage floor lower pit 8 together with the vertical direction. It is provided with a gradient pipe section 25 that is a pipe section that guides the air flow in the lateral direction and that is provided with a gradient so as to increase toward the side of the space 30 around the water.
Thus, by comprising the heat transport pipe 20 by the rising pipe part 27 and the gradient pipe part 25, the heat transport pipe 20 can be easily piped from under the floor of the space 30 around the water, and its workability is improved. Can do. As for the joint between the rising pipe portion 27 and the gradient pipe portion 25, it is needless to say that an elbow pipe 26 as shown in FIG.
また、その熱輸送管２０の勾配管部２５の勾配が１／５以上であるとよい。
このように勾配管部２５の勾配（傾き）が所定の角度以上になっていることで、前述したように空気の対流がスムースになされる。従って、これによれば、蓄熱床下ピット８の熱を、水回りの空間へ空気の対流現象を利用してより効果的に供給することができる。
The gradient of the gradient tube portion 25 of the heat transport tube 20 is preferably 1/5 or more.
As described above, since the gradient (inclination) of the gradient tube portion 25 is not less than a predetermined angle, air convection is smoothly performed as described above. Therefore, according to this, the heat of the heat storage underfloor pit 8 can be supplied more effectively to the space around the water by utilizing the convection phenomenon of air.
また、熱輸送管２０には、給水管３１及び／又は給湯管３２が挿通されている。
このように熱輸送管２０内に給水管３１や給湯管３２の配管がなされていることで、それらの配管自体の凍結を適切に防止できると共に、それらの配管を適切且つ効果的に配することができる。
Further, a water supply pipe 31 and / or a hot water supply pipe 32 are inserted through the heat transport pipe 20.
As described above, the water supply pipe 31 and the hot water supply pipe 32 are provided in the heat transport pipe 20, so that the pipes themselves can be appropriately prevented from being frozen, and the pipes are appropriately and effectively arranged. Can do.
そして、蓄熱床下ピット８内にあって開口する熱輸送管２０の勾配管部２５の端部が下方に向って開いているように円筒状管２１を斜めに切断した形状に設けられ、その円筒状管２１の切断がされて楕円状に尖った端部に形成されている先端部分２５ｂが庇状となるように上側に位置されている。図１に示した形態例では、その先端部分２５ｂが、基礎の立ち上がり部１の面から蓄熱床下ピット８内へ突き出るように配されているが、本発明はこれに限らず、適宜に配することができるのは勿論である。 And the cylindrical pipe | tube 21 is provided in the shape which cut | disconnected diagonally so that the edge part of the gradient pipe | tube part 25 of the heat-transport pipe | tube 20 opened in the heat storage floor lower pit 8 might open downward, The cylinder The distal end portion 25b formed at the end pointed to be elliptical when the tube 21 is cut is positioned on the upper side so as to have a hook shape. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the tip end portion 25 b is arranged so as to protrude from the surface of the foundation rising portion 1 into the heat storage floor lower pit 8. However, the present invention is not limited to this and is arranged appropriately. Of course you can.
このように熱輸送管２０の円筒状管２１の先端部分２５ｂが、蓄熱床下ピット８内に突出して庇状の鍔となっていることで、その開口２５ａが、蓄熱床下ピット８内で暖められて上昇する空気流を受ける受け口になる。すなわち、先端部分２５ｂによれば、蓄熱床下ピット８内から暖かい空気流を上方の水回りの空間３０に向って好適に案内することができる。また、その先端部分２５ｂが、給水管３１や給湯管３２の配管を保護する笠となり、それらの配管を好適に守る効果もある。 Thus, the tip 25b of the cylindrical pipe 21 of the heat transport pipe 20 protrudes into the heat storage underfloor pit 8 to form a bowl-like ridge, so that the opening 25a is warmed in the heat storage underfloor pit 8. It becomes a receptacle that receives the rising air flow. That is, according to the front-end | tip part 25b, a warm air flow can be suitably guided toward the space 30 around the upper water from the heat storage floor lower pit 8. Moreover, the front-end | tip part 25b becomes a shade which protects the piping of the water supply pipe 31 or the hot water supply pipe 32, and also has an effect which protects those piping suitably.
なお、本形態例の蓄熱床下ピット８は、基礎の底盤４Ａの全面と基礎の立ち上がり部１の一部が地熱層９（図７参照）に面して接しているが、本発明はこれに限らず、適宜に接することで、地熱を利用できればよい。
また、本形態例においては、基礎の底盤４Ａと基礎の立ち上がり部１の内面に張設される断熱材５として、発泡ウレタンの板状材が用いられている。
In the heat storage underfloor pit 8 of the present embodiment, the entire surface of the foundation base 4A and a part of the rising portion 1 of the foundation face the geothermal layer 9 (see FIG. 7). Not limited to this, it is only necessary to use geothermal heat by appropriately contacting.
In the present embodiment, a foamed urethane plate-like material is used as the heat insulating material 5 stretched on the inner surface of the foundation bottom 4A and the foundation rising portion 1.
図３〜５の形態例では、水回りの空間３０が、流し台３４の内部に断熱材５で囲まれて形成された流し台の保温空間３０ａである。本形態例では、この流し台の保温空間３０ａには、流し台３４の上面に設置された水栓金具（カラン）に接続される給水管３１や給湯管３２の配管の上部と、シンク４０の下の排水管４３や生ごみを粉砕するディスポーザー４２が収納されている。さらに、そのシンク４０の隣のスペースには食洗機５０が収納されており、コンロ（図示せず）などと合わせてシステムキッチンが構成されている。なお、４１は排水口である。 In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 5, the space 30 around the water is a heat retaining space 30 a of the sink formed by being surrounded by the heat insulating material 5 inside the sink 34. In the present embodiment, the heat retaining space 30 a of the sink has an upper part of the pipes of the water supply pipe 31 and the hot water supply pipe 32 connected to a faucet fitting (calant) installed on the upper surface of the sink 34 and below the sink 40. A drain pipe 43 and a disposer 42 for crushing garbage are stored. Furthermore, the dishwasher 50 is accommodated in the space next to the sink 40, and the system kitchen is comprised with the stove (not shown) etc. Reference numeral 41 denotes a drain outlet.
これによれば、流し台の保温空間３０ａに、蓄熱床下ピット８から空気流を介して熱エネルギーが供給されるため、その流し台の保温空間３０ａの内部に収納された給水管３１や給湯管３２及びディスポーザー４２や封水トラップ（図示せず）などの凍結を防止でき、水抜きが不要であるため、常に給水給湯及び排水を適切にすることができる。また、蓄熱床下ピット８の熱エネルギーは、夜間電力によって蓄熱されるものであり、日中は蓄熱材に蓄熱された熱エネルギーの放散によって凍結を防止し、地熱を利用することと合わせて電力消費を最小限に留めることができる。 According to this, since heat energy is supplied to the heat retaining space 30a of the sink from the heat storage floor pit 8 via the air flow, the water supply pipe 31 and the hot water pipe 32 housed in the heat retaining space 30a of the sink Since it is possible to prevent freezing of the disposer 42, the sealing trap (not shown), and the like, and draining is unnecessary, it is possible to always make water supply and hot water supply and drainage appropriate. In addition, the thermal energy in the pit 8 below the thermal storage floor is stored by night electricity. During the day, freezing is prevented by the dissipation of the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage material, and power consumption is combined with the use of geothermal heat. Can be kept to a minimum.
すなわち、本発明によれば、在来工法よりもランニングコストを１／３程度に抑えることができる。
さらに本発明によれば、水回りの空間３０内の相対湿度は１５％前後となり、シロアリ、カマドウマ等の害虫が生息できなくなるため、建物寿命も長くなるという利点もある。
That is, according to the present invention, the running cost can be reduced to about 1/3 as compared with the conventional construction method.
Further, according to the present invention, the relative humidity in the space 30 around the water is around 15%, and pests such as termites and catfish cannot live.
また、図３に示すように、流し台の保温空間３０ａから、流し台３４の上面に設置された水栓金具であるカラン３３を覆うエコホットマフラー３７の内部空間３７ａに空気流を介して熱エネルギーを供給するように、流し台の保温空間３０ａの上面であってカラン３３の近傍にエコホットマフラー３７の内部空間３７ａへ連通する熱輸送用の温風吹出口３５が設けられている。なお、図４に示すように、３６は温風吹出口メクラキャップであり、凍結の心配がない場合の常時には、温風吹出口３５を塞ぐように設けられている。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, heat energy is transferred from the heat retaining space 30a of the sink to the internal space 37a of the eco-hot muffler 37 that covers the caran 33, which is a faucet fitting installed on the upper surface of the sink 34, through an air flow. A hot air outlet 35 for heat transport that communicates with the internal space 37 a of the eco-hot muffler 37 is provided on the upper surface of the warm space 30 a of the sink and in the vicinity of the currant 33 so as to be supplied. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, 36 is a hot air blower outlet mekra cap, and it is provided so that the hot air blower outlet 35 may be plugged up in the case where there is no fear of freezing.
本形態例のエコホットマフラー３７は、袋状に設けられている。さらに詳細には、エコホットマフラー３７が、断熱性を向上できるように布材やシート材によって複数層からなる袋状に形成され、袋の縁にあたる部分であって逆さになって流し台３４の上面に接して置かれる部分は、折返しの中に錘が入っているように構成することができる。例えば、外側シートナイロンとポリエステルの起毛仕上げの生地とによる二層からなる袋状に構成され、錘としては球状の形態のものを用いることができる。これによれば、エコホットマフラー３７を、カラン３３を包み込むように安定的に覆うことができ、カラン３３をより好適に保温することができる。
なお、このエコホットマフラー３７については、本形態例のような柔軟性のある素材によって構成されるものに限らず、箱状のハードカバー状に形成されたものであってもよい。すなわち、カラン３３を覆って保温性の内部空間３７ａを構成できるものであればよい。
The eco-hot muffler 37 of this embodiment is provided in a bag shape. More specifically, the eco-hot muffler 37 is formed in a bag shape composed of a plurality of layers by a cloth material or a sheet material so as to improve heat insulation, and is a portion corresponding to the edge of the bag and turned upside down. The part placed in contact with can be configured such that a weight is contained in the fold. For example, it is configured in a bag shape composed of two layers of an outer sheet nylon and a polyester brushed fabric, and a weight in a spherical shape can be used. According to this, the eco-hot muffler 37 can be stably covered so as to wrap the currant 33, and the currant 33 can be kept warm more appropriately.
In addition, about this eco-hot muffler 37, it is not restricted to what is comprised by a flexible raw material like this embodiment, The thing formed in the box-shaped hard cover shape may be sufficient. That is, it is sufficient if it can cover the currant 33 and constitute the heat retaining internal space 37a.
図５に示した形態例では、食洗機５０の回りに、夜間電力を利用する発熱体６と蓄熱用器具７ａとを配置した構成になっている。
これによれば、食洗機５０についてより確実に凍結を防止できると共に、前述した流し台の保温空間３０ａについても暖めることになり、水回りの機器についてより確実に凍結を防止できる。
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a heating element 6 that uses nighttime power and a heat storage device 7 a are arranged around the dishwasher 50.
According to this, the dishwasher 50 can be more reliably prevented from freezing, and the above-described warming space 30a of the sink is also warmed, so that the equipment around the water can be more reliably prevented from freezing.
なお、本形態例の蓄熱材７の層は、断熱材５の上にシート状の発熱体６を敷き、その上に、蓄熱量の大きな蓄熱剤が封入されたパイプを複数並べて一体化した形態の蓄熱用器具７ａ（図１参照）を置き、ワイヤーメッシュを敷いてモルタルを流し込んでコンクリートが打設されることでコンクリートの層として設けられている。
また、本形態例では、流し台３４に関する凍結防止システムを中心に説明してきたが、トイレや風呂場の水回りの空間３０にも同様に適用できるのは勿論であり、例えば、トイレや風呂場の部屋自体が狭い空間であれば、その空間自体が以上に説明してきた凍結防止すべき水回りの空間３０とすることができる。
In addition, the layer of the heat storage material 7 of this embodiment is a form in which a sheet-like heating element 6 is laid on the heat insulating material 5 and a plurality of pipes in which a heat storage agent having a large heat storage amount is placed are arranged side by side. The heat storage device 7a (see FIG. 1) is placed, and a concrete layer is provided by pouring mortar and pouring the concrete with a wire mesh.
In the present embodiment, the freeze prevention system related to the sink 34 has been mainly described. However, the present invention can be similarly applied to the water space 30 of the toilet or bathroom. If the room itself is a narrow space, the space itself can be the water-related space 30 to be prevented from freezing as described above.
また、図７に示すように、蓄熱床下ピット内８の壁部（床下コンクリート囲壁１）において、内側壁面３に断熱材５の層を介し、蓄熱コンクリート壁７Ａを築造してもよい。なお、この蓄熱コンクリート壁７Ａは、図７に示すように内側壁面３の一部であってもよいし、内側壁面３の全面であってもよい。これによれば、床下コンクリート囲壁１と蓄熱コンクリート壁７Ａとの間に断熱材５を挟んだサンドウィッチ構造となり、蓄熱容量をさらに増大させることができ、より安定的に熱エネルギーを解放させることができる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a heat storage concrete wall 7 </ b> A may be built on the inner wall surface 3 through a layer of a heat insulating material 5 in the wall portion (underfloor concrete surrounding wall 1) in the heat storage floor lower pit 8. The heat storage concrete wall 7A may be a part of the inner wall surface 3 as shown in FIG. According to this, it becomes a sandwich structure in which the heat insulating material 5 is sandwiched between the underfloor concrete surrounding wall 1 and the heat storage concrete wall 7A, the heat storage capacity can be further increased, and the heat energy can be released more stably. .
次に、本発明の意義について、簡単に説明しておく。
過去１世紀の長きにわたり、寒冷地域では住宅内の凍害被害に悩んで来た歴史があり、建築技術が大きく発展したにもかかわらず凍害対策技術は今もって未発達状況であると共に、省エネルギーの観点からも不十分な状態であった。特に、寒冷地域のリゾート地帯の別荘群は、水抜き水出しという非生産的作業が付きまとう、粗末な設備技術であった。
これに対して、以上に説明した本発明に係る床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システムによれば、省エネルギーで運用できる通年利用型の凍結防止技術が完成されることになり、住宅の付加価値を格段に高め、地域活性化をもたらすことができる革新的な凍結防止技術なっている。
Next, the significance of the present invention will be briefly described.
For a long time in the past century, there has been a history of suffering frost damage in houses in cold regions, and despite the great development of building technology, frost damage countermeasure technology is still undeveloped, and an energy saving perspective The situation was insufficient. In particular, the villas in the resort area in the cold region were poor equipment technology that was accompanied by non-productive work of draining water.
On the other hand, according to the anti-freezing system using underfloor heat storage according to the present invention described above, the year-round anti-freezing technology that can be operated with energy saving is completed, and the added value of the house is remarkably improved. It has become an innovative anti-freeze technology that can enhance and bring about regional revitalization.
以上、本発明につき好適な形態例を挙げて種々説明してきたが、本発明はこの形態例に限定されるものではなく、発明の精神を逸脱しない範囲内で多くの改変を施し得るのは勿論のことである。 As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.
１ 床下コンクリート囲壁、基礎の立ち上がり部
２ 外側壁面
３ 内側壁面
４ 底面
４Ａ 基礎の底盤
５ 断熱材
６ 発熱体
７ 蓄熱材
７Ａ 蓄熱コンクリート壁
７ａ 蓄熱用器具
８ 蓄熱床下ピット
８ａ 底部
９ 地熱層
１０ 配管系
１１ 機器系
２０ 熱輸送管
２１ 円筒状管
２２ スチロール保温筒
２３ グラスウール
２４ アルミガラスクロス
２５ 勾配管部
２５ａ 開口
２５ｂ 先端部分
２６ エルボ管
２７ 立ち上がり管部
３０ 水回りの空間
３０ａ 流し台の保温空間
３１ 給水管
３２ 給湯管
３３ カラン
３４ 流し台
３５ 温風吹出口
３６ 温風吹出口メクラキャップ
３７ エコホットマフラー
３７ａ 内部空間
４０ シンク
４１ 排水口
４２ ディスポーザー
４３ 排水管
５０ 食洗機
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Underfloor concrete enclosure, Foundation rising part 2 Outer wall surface 3 Inner wall surface 4 Bottom surface 4A Foundation base 5 Insulation material 6 Heat generating element 7 Heat storage material 7A Thermal storage concrete wall 7a Thermal storage appliance 8 Thermal storage floor pit 8a Bottom section 9 Geothermal layer 10 Piping system DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Equipment system 20 Heat transport pipe 21 Cylindrical pipe 22 Styrofoam heat insulation tube 23 Glass wool 24 Aluminum glass cloth 25 Gradient pipe part 25a Opening 25b Tip part 26 Elbow pipe 27 Rising pipe part 30 Space around water 30a Heat insulation space 31 of sink 32 Hot water supply pipe 33 Karan 34 Sink 35 Hot air outlet 36 Hot air outlet Mekura cap 37 Eco hot muffler 37a Internal space 40 Sink 41 Drain outlet 42 Disposer 43 Drain pipe 50 Dishwasher
Claims (7)
前記蓄熱床下ピットから上方に離れた前記水回りの空間へ熱エネルギーを供給するように両空間を連通する熱輸送管が設けられ、該熱輸送管にあっては、前記蓄熱床下ピットから前記水回りの空間に横方向へも空気流を導く管路部について、前記水回りの空間の側へ向って高くなるように勾配が設けられた勾配管部となっており、
前記熱輸送管の前記勾配管部の勾配が１／５以上であることを特徴とする床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システム。 A layer of a heat storage material is provided in a state where a heating element that uses night electricity is embedded via a layer of heat insulation material on a base bottom plate that is dug down from the ground and provided in an underground position, and the heat storage material The floor under the heat storage floor pit, which is a space with the bottom of the floor, and the thermal energy of the heat storage underfloor pit is supplied to the space around the water via an air flow to prevent freezing related to the equipment around the water Freezing prevention system using heat storage,
A heat transport pipe that communicates both spaces is provided so as to supply thermal energy to the space around the water that is spaced upward from the heat storage floor pit, and in the heat transport pipe, the water is transferred from the heat storage floor pit to the water. For the pipe part that guides the air flow in the lateral direction to the surrounding space, it is a gradient pipe part provided with a gradient so as to become higher toward the side of the water surrounding space ,
An anti-freezing system using underfloor heat storage , wherein the gradient of the gradient pipe portion of the heat transport pipe is 1/5 or more .
前記蓄熱床下ピットから上方に離れた前記水回りの空間へ熱エネルギーを供給するように両空間を連通する熱輸送管が設けられ、該熱輸送管にあっては、前記蓄熱床下ピットから前記水回りの空間に横方向へも空気流を導く管路部について、前記水回りの空間の側へ向って高くなるように勾配が設けられた勾配管部となっており、
前記蓄熱床下ピット内にあって開口する前記勾配管部の端部が下方に向って開いているように円筒状管を斜めに切断した形状に設けられ、該円筒状管の切断された端部の先端部分が庇状となるように上側に位置されていることを特徴とする床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システム。 A layer of a heat storage material is provided in a state where a heating element that uses night electricity is embedded via a layer of heat insulation material on a base bottom plate that is dug down from the ground and provided in an underground position, and the heat storage material The floor under the heat storage floor pit, which is a space with the bottom of the floor, and the thermal energy of the heat storage underfloor pit is supplied to the space around the water via an air flow to prevent freezing related to the equipment around the water Freezing prevention system using heat storage,
A heat transport pipe that communicates both spaces is provided so as to supply thermal energy to the space around the water that is spaced upward from the heat storage floor pit, and in the heat transport pipe, the water is transferred from the heat storage floor pit to the water. For the pipe part that guides the air flow in the lateral direction to the surrounding space, it is a gradient pipe part provided with a gradient so as to become higher toward the side of the water surrounding space ,
The end portion of the cylindrical tube is provided in a shape that is cut obliquely so that the end portion of the gradient tube portion that opens in the pit under the heat storage floor is open downward, and the end portion of the cylindrical tube that is cut An anti-freezing system using under-floor heat storage, wherein the tip portion of the floor is positioned on the upper side so as to have a bowl shape .
前記蓄熱床下ピットから上方に離れた前記水回りの空間へ熱エネルギーを供給するように両空間を連通する熱輸送管が設けられ、該熱輸送管にあっては、前記蓄熱床下ピットから前記水回りの空間に横方向へも空気流を導く管路部について、前記水回りの空間の側へ向って高くなるように勾配が設けられた勾配管部となっており、
前記水回りの空間が、流し台の内部に断熱材で囲まれて形成された流し台の保温空間であって、該流し台の保温空間から、該流し台の上面に設置されたカランを覆うエコホットマフラーの内部空間に前記空気流を介して熱エネルギーを供給するように、前記流し台の保温空間の上面であって前記カランの近傍に前記エコホットマフラーの内部空間へ連通する熱輸送用の温風吹出口が設けられていることを特徴とする床下蓄熱を利用した凍結防止システム。 A layer of a heat storage material is provided in a state where a heating element that uses night electricity is embedded via a layer of heat insulation material on a base bottom plate that is dug down from the ground and provided in an underground position, and the heat storage material The floor under the heat storage floor pit, which is a space with the bottom of the floor, and the thermal energy of the heat storage underfloor pit is supplied to the space around the water via an air flow to prevent freezing related to the equipment around the water Freezing prevention system using heat storage,
A heat transport pipe that communicates both spaces is provided so as to supply thermal energy to the space around the water that is spaced upward from the heat storage floor pit, and in the heat transport pipe, the water is transferred from the heat storage floor pit to the water. For the pipe part that guides the air flow in the lateral direction to the surrounding space, it is a gradient pipe part provided with a gradient so as to become higher toward the side of the water surrounding space ,
The space around the water is a heat insulating space of a sink formed by being surrounded by a heat insulating material inside the sink, and an eco-hot muffler covering the currant installed on the upper surface of the sink from the heat insulating space of the sink A hot air outlet for heat transport, which is connected to the internal space of the eco-hot muffler on the upper surface of the heat insulation space of the sink and in the vicinity of the curan so as to supply heat energy to the internal space via the air flow, An anti-freezing system using underfloor heat storage, which is provided .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015100739A JP6120104B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2015-05-18 | Freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015100739A JP6120104B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2015-05-18 | Freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2016217576A JP2016217576A (en) | 2016-12-22 |
| JP6120104B2 true JP6120104B2 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
Family
ID=57581942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015100739A Active JP6120104B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2015-05-18 | Freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6120104B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS483730Y1 (en) * | 1969-08-25 | 1973-01-30 | ||
| JPS607431Y2 (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1985-03-12 | 英美 中村 | washing area unit |
| JPS5687564U (en) * | 1979-12-01 | 1981-07-13 | ||
| US4332681A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-06-01 | Jambry Jean Francois | Junction and connection terminal for the service of fixed or mobile premises in particular for the supply of a sanitary unit which may be itself attached to a caravan or a camping-car |
| JPS57108025U (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-07-03 | ||
| JPS60159232A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1985-08-20 | 岩城 邦宗 | Anti-freeze apparatus of tap water |
| JPH0614262U (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1994-02-22 | シーケー金属株式会社 | Wall faucet box cap structure |
| JPH07224449A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-22 | Fujikura Ltd | Freezing preventive structure of service water pipe |
| US5878776A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-03-09 | Love; Ruth | Insulating jacket |
| JP3531898B2 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2004-05-31 | ミサワホーム株式会社 | Under-floor piping construction method of building unit and under-floor piping structure of building unit |
| JP2000017735A (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-18 | Misawa Homes Co Ltd | Unit building |
| JP3394912B2 (en) * | 1998-07-03 | 2003-04-07 | 株式会社 ノ−スウィング | Sanitary equipment using underfloor livestock heat Freezing prevention system for equipment, piping and equipment |
| JP3485180B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-01-13 | 芳明 佐々木 | Water supply and drainage freezing prevention equipment in buildings |
| JP2003214641A (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-30 | Misawa Homes Co Ltd | Kitchen with hot air heater |
| JP2003342981A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-03 | Maezawa Kyuso Industries Co Ltd | Piping method for building, suitable for cold temperature area, and piping unit |
| JP2012229597A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-11-22 | Ozawakensoh Inc | System for storing drinking water for emergency |
| JP6087711B2 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2017-03-01 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Hot water supply exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system |
-
2015
- 2015-05-18 JP JP2015100739A patent/JP6120104B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2016217576A (en) | 2016-12-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6109248B2 (en) | Solar heat storage snow melting system and control method thereof. | |
| JP5505836B2 (en) | Improved earth / solar system (Ground heat recovery pipe method) | |
| JP5742009B2 (en) | Earth / Solar / Zero Energy Housing | |
| KR101891827B1 (en) | Mobile lavatory equipped with freeze protection means for piping | |
| JP2007333295A (en) | Heat storage system | |
| JP2007333296A (en) | Heat storage system | |
| EP2619509B1 (en) | System for storing thermal energy, heating assembly comprising said system and method of manufacturing said system | |
| KR101416513B1 (en) | The frost protection for portable toilets | |
| JP6120104B2 (en) | Freezing prevention system using underfloor heat storage | |
| JP2008121960A (en) | Direct heat utilization heating apparatus | |
| US4117305A (en) | Heat sump system for building structures | |
| JP6087711B2 (en) | Hot water supply exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system | |
| JP5505837B2 (en) | Earth / Solar system (basement compatible) | |
| JP3514059B2 (en) | Piping cover | |
| KR101338034B1 (en) | Mobile toilets to prevent freezing of the system | |
| US4190761A (en) | Heat loss control system for building heat sumps | |
| JP3394912B2 (en) | Sanitary equipment using underfloor livestock heat Freezing prevention system for equipment, piping and equipment | |
| JP2010096364A (en) | Electric water heater | |
| CN216446119U (en) | Indoor non-heating outdoor toilet anti-freezing structure | |
| JP6135907B2 (en) | Earth / Solar system | |
| KR102304455B1 (en) | Movable toilet | |
| JP2007100419A (en) | Building temperature retaining device and building temperature retaining method | |
| JP2003336865A (en) | Floor heating and skeleton cooling system for building using coldness of tap water | |
| AU2003204209B2 (en) | Underfloor climate control apparatus-improvements/modifications | |
| JP4351014B2 (en) | Snow melting system in heat insulation foundation building. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20161110 |
|
| A871 | Explanation of circumstances concerning accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A871 Effective date: 20161110 |
|
| A975 | Report on accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971005 Effective date: 20161220 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170110 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170208 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170228 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170315 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6120104 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |