JP6109619B2 - Space water treatment system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a space water treatment system for treating sewage in outer space.

  Water resources are limited in areas where humans are active in outer space such as space stations. For this reason, it has been proposed to reuse water contained in excreta such as discharged waste water and urine discharged from workers. The space station purifies water that can be reused by heating and distilling wastewater and then treating it with high-temperature catalytic oxidation.

  Moreover, as a system which processes water, there exists a system which processes water by reverse osmosis membrane and activated carbon adsorption (refer patent document 1), and a system which processes wastewater using a membrane distillation module and a reverse osmosis membrane module. .

JP 2012-217975 A Japanese Patent No. 2721694

  Here, since the system which heats and distills wastewater and further processes by high temperature catalytic oxidation processes water by a heating process, the energy concerning a process increases. In the process of heating and distilling wastewater, gas-liquid separation is required. However, because of the outer space (gravity-free space), a centrifuge or the like is required, which increases the size of the apparatus. Moreover, since the apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are apparatuses used on the ground, it is difficult to use them in outer space.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a space water treatment system that can be used in outer space and can treat water efficiently.

  The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a space water treatment system for treating water in outer space, having a variable concentration high concentration drainage tank, and storing high concentration drainage in the high concentration drainage tank. A high-concentration wastewater storage unit, a variable-capacity first buffer tank that stores the high-concentration wastewater supplied from the high-concentration wastewater storage unit, a membrane distillation module, a variable-capacity second buffer tank, and the first buffer tank; A first circulation line that heats and circulates the high-concentration waste water between the membrane distillation module and a second circulation that circulates the first treated water while cooling between the membrane distillation module and the second buffer tank. A first concentrated water tank for storing concentrated water discharged from the line and the second circulation line, and the high concentration waste water heated by the membrane distillation module. The first treated water extracted from the high-concentration waste water is supplied to the second circulation line by allowing the water component to be permeated through the second circulation line, and the first treated water in the second circulation line is supplied to the second buffer tank. A low-concentration drainage storage unit that stores a low-concentration wastewater in the low-concentration drainage tank, and a low-concentration drainage storage unit that stores the low-concentration wastewater in the low-concentration drainage tank. Third buffer tank with variable capacity for storing concentration drainage, reverse osmosis membrane module, third circulation line for circulating the low concentration drainage while pressurizing between the third buffer tank and reverse osmosis membrane module, variable capacity The fourth buffer tank and the second concentrated water tank for storing the concentrated water discharged from the third circulation line, and the reverse osmosis membrane module is added in the third circulation line. The low-concentration waste water that is circulated while being in contact with a reverse osmosis membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane unit that stores the second treated water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane in the fourth buffer tank, the first treated water, and the And at least one of the second treated water, and a catalytic oxidation unit for treating the supplied treated water by a catalytic oxidation method.

  The membrane distillation unit preferably supplies the first treated water to the catalytic oxidation unit, and the reverse osmosis membrane unit supplies the second treated water to the catalytic oxidation unit.

  The membrane distillation unit supplies the first treated water to the third buffer tank of the reverse osmosis membrane unit, and the reverse osmosis membrane unit supplies the second treated water to the catalytic oxidation unit. Is preferred.

  The membrane distillation unit supplies the first treated water to the catalytic oxidation unit, and the reverse osmosis membrane unit has a mechanism for supplying the second treated water to the first buffer tank of the membrane distillation unit. It is preferable to provide.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said reverse osmosis membrane unit is equipped with the mechanism which supplies the concentrated water stored in the said 2nd concentrated water tank to the said high concentration drainage tank.

  In addition, the catalytic oxidation unit includes an oxygen generator that generates oxygen from water, and the membrane distillation unit includes a mechanism that supplies concentrated water stored in the first concentrated water tank to the oxygen generator. preferable.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said reverse osmosis membrane unit is equipped with the mechanism which supplies the concentrated water stored in the said 2nd concentrated water tank to the said oxygen generator.

  The catalytic oxidation unit includes an oxygen generator that generates oxygen from water, and the reverse osmosis membrane unit includes a mechanism that supplies the concentrated water stored in the second concentrated water tank to the oxygen generator. Is preferred.

  Moreover, it is preferable to further have a purification unit that is supplied with the third treated water treated with the catalytic oxidation unit and removes impurities from the third treated water.

  The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a space water treatment system for treating water in outer space, having a variable concentration high concentration drainage tank, and storing high concentration drainage in the high concentration drainage tank. A high-concentration wastewater storage unit, a variable-capacity first buffer tank that stores the high-concentration wastewater supplied from the high-concentration wastewater storage unit, a membrane distillation module, a variable-capacity second buffer tank, and the first buffer tank; A first circulation line that heats and circulates the high-concentration waste water between the membrane distillation module and a second circulation that circulates the first treated water while cooling between the membrane distillation module and the second buffer tank. A first concentrated water tank for storing concentrated water discharged from the line and the second circulation line, and the high concentration waste water heated by the membrane distillation module. The first treated water extracted from the high-concentration waste water is supplied to the second circulation line by allowing the water component to be permeated through the second circulation line, and the first treated water in the second circulation line is supplied to the second buffer tank. A low-concentration drainage storage unit that stores a low-concentration wastewater in the low-concentration drainage tank, and a low-concentration drainage storage unit that stores the low-concentration wastewater in the low-concentration drainage tank. Third buffer tank with variable capacity for storing concentration drainage, reverse osmosis membrane module, third circulation line for circulating the low concentration drainage while pressurizing between the third buffer tank and reverse osmosis membrane module, variable capacity The fourth buffer tank and the second concentrated water tank for storing the concentrated water discharged from the third circulation line, and the reverse osmosis membrane module is added in the third circulation line. Wherein is circulated while being in contact with the reverse osmosis membrane of low concentration waste water, having a reverse osmosis membrane unit for storing the second treated water having passed through the reverse osmosis membrane to said fourth buffer tank.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can utilize in outer space and can process water efficiently.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing of the space water treatment system. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a membrane distillation process. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the reverse osmosis membrane process. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the catalytic oxidation process. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the concentrated water disposal process. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the concentrated water disposal process. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system of the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a space water treatment system according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the eighth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the ninth embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this embodiment. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the space water treatment system 10 is installed in a facility where a human lives in a space such as a space station. Here, the space water treatment system 10 is a device that is used in a zero-gravity environment, but can also be used in a gravitational environment that is smaller than the Earth, such as Mars or the Moon. The space water treatment system is a system for treating low-concentration wastewater such as air-conditioning drains discharged from installed facilities and high-concentration wastewater containing human body wastewater such as urine.

  The space water treatment system 10 includes a high-concentration wastewater storage unit 11 that stores high-concentration wastewater, a membrane distillation unit 12 that processes high-concentration wastewater, a low-concentration wastewater storage unit 13 that stores low-concentration wastewater, and a low-concentration wastewater. , A catalytic oxidation unit 16 for further treating the treated water purified by the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, and a controller 17 for controlling the operation of each part.

  The high concentration drainage storage unit 11 includes a high concentration drainage supply line L1, a high concentration drainage tank 20, a pump P1, and a valve V1. The high concentration drainage supply line L1 is a pipe connecting the high concentration drainage tank 20 and the buffer tank 22 of the membrane distillation unit 12. The high concentration drainage supply line L1 is provided with a pump P1 and a valve V1 in the path.

  The high concentration drainage tank 20 is a tank for storing the supplied high concentration drainage. The high concentration drainage tank 20 is a container having a variable volume such as a bellows structure or a structure made of a stretchable material. The capacity of the high concentration drainage tank 20 increases or decreases according to the amount of the high concentration drainage stored. Thereby, the high concentration drainage tank 20 can increase or decrease the amount of the high concentration drainage stored in a state where no air is mixed therein or in a state where the internal air does not increase or decrease.

  The pump P1 is disposed in the high concentration drainage supply line L1. The pump P1 sends high-concentration wastewater from the high-concentration wastewater tank 20 toward the membrane distillation unit 12. As the pump P1, a positive displacement pump such as a plunger pump, a diaphragm pump, a piston pump, a gear pump, a vane pump, and a screw pump can be used. The valve V1 is disposed in the high concentration waste water supply line L1. The valve V1 adjusts whether the high-concentration wastewater supply line L1 flows through the high-concentration wastewater supply line L1 by switching between opening and closing, and adjusts the opening degree to adjust the flow resistance of the high-concentration wastewater supply line L1. Adjust the flow rate of high concentration drainage. The valve described below also has the same function, and adjusts the opening and the function of switching the state where the installed line is closed and the fluid does not flow, and the fluid is opened and the fluid flows. Thus, a function of adjusting the flow resistance of the line and adjusting the flow rate of the fluid is provided. Depending on the installed position, an open / close valve that switches between opening and closing can also be used. In the following, only the arrangement of the pump and the valve will be described except for those having different functions.

  The high concentration drainage storage unit 11 stores the high concentration drainage in the high concentration drainage tank 20. The high-concentration wastewater storage unit 11 opens the valve V1 and drives the pump P1 to drive the high-concentration wastewater stored in the high-concentration wastewater tank 20 via the high-concentration wastewater supply line L1 to the buffer tank 22 of the membrane distillation unit 12. To supply.

  The membrane distillation unit 12 is a unit that treats high-concentration wastewater and purifies treated water (first treated water), a circulation line (first circulation line) L2, a waste liquid line L3, and a circulation line (second circulation line). ) L4, discharge line L5, buffer tank 22, heater 24, membrane distillation module 26, buffer tank 28, chiller (temperature adjustment unit) 30, concentrated water tank 32, pumps P2, P3, P4 And valves V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V8.

  The circulation line L <b> 2 is a pipe that is connected to the buffer tank 22 and the membrane distillation module 26 and circulates high-concentration waste water between the buffer tank 22 and the membrane distillation module 26. The circulation line L2 includes a heater 24, a pump P2, a valve V2, and a valve V3 in the path. Specifically, the circulation line L2 is a loop shape in which the buffer tank 22, the pump P2, the heater 24, the valve V2, the membrane distillation module 26, the valve V3, and the buffer tank 22 are connected in this order in the flow direction of the high concentration waste water. This is the piping.

  The waste liquid line L3 is a pipe connecting the concentrated water tank 32 and the heater 24 of the circulation line L2 and the valve V2. The waste liquid line L3 is provided with a valve V4 in the path. When the valve V4 is opened, the waste liquid line L3 discharges high-concentration wastewater (concentrated water described later) flowing through the circulation line L2 to the concentrated water tank 32.

  The circulation line L4 is a pipe that is connected to the membrane distillation module 26 and the buffer tank 28 and circulates the treated water (first treated water) between the membrane distillation module 26 and the buffer tank 28. The circulation line L4 includes a chiller 30, a pump P3, a valve V5, and a valve V6 in the path. Specifically, the circulation line L4 is a loop shape in which the membrane distillation module 26, the valve V5, the buffer tank 28, the valve V6, the pump P3, the chiller 30, and the membrane distillation module 26 are connected in this order in the flow direction of the treated water. This is the piping.

  The discharge line L5 is a pipe connecting the buffer tank 28 and the storage tank 50 of the catalytic oxidation unit 16. In the discharge line L5, a valve V7, a pump P4, and a valve V8 are arranged in this order from the buffer tank 28 toward the storage tank 50 in the path. The discharge line L5 opens (opens) the valves V7 and V8 and drives the pump P4 to discharge (supply) the treated water stored in the buffer tank 28 to the storage tank 50.

  The buffer tank 22 is a tank that temporarily stores high-concentration wastewater supplied from the high-concentration wastewater storage unit 11. The buffer tank 22 is a container having a variable volume, like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 and the like, and increases or decreases the amount of high-concentration drainage stored in a state where air is not mixed therein or in which the internal air does not increase or decrease. be able to.

  The heater 24 heats the high concentration waste water circulating through the circulation line L2. Although various mechanisms can be used as the heater 24, it is preferable to use an electric heater. Thereby, it can heat with the electric power generated with sunlight.

  The membrane distillation module 26 is a device that purifies treated water (first treated water) by treating high-concentration wastewater by a membrane distillation method. The membrane distillation module 26 is supplied with high-concentration wastewater that flows through the circulation line L2 while being heated by the heater 24, and treated water that flows through the circulation line L4. The membrane distillation module 26 includes a region through which high-concentration waste water circulated in the circulation line L2 flows and treated water circulated in the circulation line L4 through a membrane that allows water vapor to pass but not water, such as a porous hydrophobic membrane. Are adjacent. Thereby, the membrane distillation module 26 can move the water vapor (gaseous water) component contained in the heated high-concentration wastewater to the treated water supplied from the circulation line L4 through the membrane. Moreover, the water vapor | steam which moved to the treated water supplied from the circulation line L4 is cooled with treated water, and turns into water. Thus, the membrane distillation module 26 extracts the treated water from the high-concentration wastewater by moving only the water component from the high-concentration wastewater flowing through the circulation line L2 to the circulation line L4. Treated water is water in which impurities are filtered from high-concentration wastewater.

  The buffer tank 28 is a tank that temporarily stores the treated water supplied from the circulation line L4. The buffer tank 28 is a container having a variable volume like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 or the like, and increases or decreases the amount of treated water stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. Can do.

  The chiller (temperature adjustment unit) 30 adjusts the temperature of the treated water flowing through the circulation line L4. The chiller 30 is basically a cooling mechanism that cools the treated water. The chiller 30 circulates in the circulation line L4 by removing the heat of the treated water moved from the circulation line L2 to the circulation line L4 by the membrane distillation module 26 and the heat received by the treated water when passing through the membrane distillation module 26. The temperature of the treated water is maintained within a certain range, and the performance of the membrane distillation module 26 is maintained.

  The concentrated water tank 32 is a tank that temporarily stores the concentrated water supplied from the circulation line L2. The concentrated water tank 32 is a container having a variable volume like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 and the like, and increases or decreases the amount of concentrated water stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. be able to.

  As described above, the membrane distillation unit 12 circulates the treated water whose temperature is controlled in the circulation line L4 while circulating the high-concentration waste water heated in the circulation line L2. Treated water can be extracted from the wastewater. Thereby, if the membrane distillation unit 12 performs a process, the quantity of the high concentration waste water which circulates through the circulation line L2 will reduce gradually, and the treated water which circulates through the circulation line L4 will increase gradually. In the membrane distillation unit 12, the capacity of the buffer tanks 22 and 28 varies depending on the amount of water in the path. In the membrane distillation unit 12, it is preferable that a certain amount of treated water is stored in the circulation line L4 from the start of the treatment. As a result, the membrane distillation unit 12 can bring water into contact with the high-concentration wastewater through the treatment membrane in the membrane distillation module 26 from the start of the treatment, suitably cool the water vapor in the high-concentration wastewater, It can be. The membrane distillation unit 12 discharges the high-concentration waste water from which the treated water has been extracted as concentrated water to the concentrated water tank 32 and stores it in the concentrated water tank 32. As a result, high-concentration wastewater having a high impurity concentration in the circulation line L2 can be discharged out of the circulation line L2.

  The low concentration drainage storage unit 13 includes a low concentration drainage supply line L6, a low concentration drainage tank 40, a pump P5, and a valve V9. The low concentration drainage supply line L6 is a pipe connecting the low concentration drainage tank 40 and the buffer tank 42 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. The low concentration drainage supply line L6 is provided with a pump P5 and a valve V9 in the path.

  The low concentration drainage tank 40 is a tank that stores the supplied low concentration drainage. The low-concentration drainage tank 40 is a container having a variable volume like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 and the like, and the amount of low-concentration drainage stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. It can be increased or decreased.

  The low concentration drainage storage unit 13 stores low concentration drainage in the low concentration drainage tank 40. The low-concentration wastewater storage unit 13 opens the valve V9 and drives the pump P5 to drive low-concentration wastewater stored in the low-concentration wastewater tank 40 via the low-concentration wastewater supply line L6. 42.

  The reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 is a unit that processes low-concentration wastewater and purifies treated water (second treated water), and includes a circulation line (third circulation line) L7, a recovery line L8, a waste liquid line L9, and a discharge. Line L10, buffer tank 42, reverse osmosis membrane module 44, concentrated water tank 46, buffer tank 48, pumps P6, P7, and valves V10, V11, V12, V13, V14, V15, V16, Have.

  The circulation line L <b> 7 is a pipe that is connected to the buffer tank 42 and the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 and circulates low-concentration waste water between the buffer tank 42 and the reverse osmosis membrane module 44. The circulation line L7 is provided with a pump P6, a valve V10, a valve V11, and a valve V12 in the path. Specifically, the circulation line L7 is a loop in which the buffer tank 42, the valve V10, the pump P6, the reverse osmosis membrane module 44, the valve V11, the valve V12, and the buffer tank 42 are connected in this order in the flow direction of the low-concentration waste water. Pipe. Here, the pump P6 is a pressure pump that pressurizes and feeds low-concentration wastewater toward the reverse osmosis membrane module 44.

  The recovery line L8 is a pipe connecting the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 and the buffer tank 48. The recovery line L8 is provided with a valve V14 in the path. The recovery line L8 discharges treated water (second treated water) from the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 to the buffer tank 48 when the valve V14 is opened.

  The waste liquid line L9 is a pipe connecting the concentrated water tank 46 between the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 and the valve V11 of the circulation line L7. The waste liquid line L9 is provided with a valve V13 in the path. When the valve V13 is opened, the waste liquid line L9 discharges low-concentration waste water (concentrated water described later) flowing through the circulation line L9 to the concentrated water tank 46.

  The discharge line L10 is a pipe that connects the buffer tank 48 and the storage tank 50 of the catalytic oxidation unit 16. In the discharge line L10, a valve V15, a pump P7, and a valve V16 are arranged in this order from the buffer tank 48 to the storage tank 50 in the path. The discharge line L10 opens the valves V15 and V16 and drives the pump P7 to discharge (supply) the treated water stored in the buffer tank 48 to the storage tank 50.

  The buffer tank 42 is a tank that temporarily stores low-concentration wastewater supplied from the low-concentration wastewater storage unit 13. The buffer tank 42 is a container having a variable volume like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 or the like, and increases or decreases the amount of low-concentration drainage stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. be able to.

  The reverse osmosis membrane module 44 is a device that treats low-concentration wastewater by a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane method, Reverse Osmosis Membrane) and purifies treated water (second treated water). The reverse osmosis membrane module 44 includes a reverse osmosis membrane, and low-concentration wastewater circulated through the circulation line L7 and pressurized by the pump P6 is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane at a pressure equal to or higher than the osmotic pressure. Thereby, as for the reverse osmosis membrane module 44, a reverse osmosis membrane selectively passes a water component among low concentration drainage. The passed water component is discharged to the recovery line L8 as treated water (second treated water). As described above, the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 extracts the treated water from the low concentration wastewater by moving only the water component from the low concentration wastewater flowing through the circulation line L7 to the recovery line L8. Treated water is water in which impurities are filtered from low-concentration wastewater.

  The concentrated water tank 46 is a tank that temporarily stores the concentrated water supplied from the circulation line L7. The concentrated water tank 46 is a container having a variable volume like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 and the like, and increases or decreases the amount of concentrated water stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. be able to.

  The buffer tank 48 is a tank that temporarily stores the treated water supplied from the recovery line L8. The buffer tank 48 is a container having a variable volume, similar to the high-concentration drainage tank 20 or the like, and increases or decreases the amount of treated water stored in a state where air is not mixed therein or in which the internal air does not increase or decrease. Can do.

  As described above, the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 can extract the treated water from the low concentration wastewater by the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 by circulating the low concentration wastewater pressurized in the circulation line L7. As a result, when the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 executes processing, the amount of low-concentration waste water circulating through the circulation line L7 is gradually reduced, and treated water is sequentially supplied from the recovery line L8 to the buffer tank 48. In the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, the capacity of the buffer tank 42 varies according to the amount of moisture in the path. Further, the capacity of the buffer tank 48 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 varies depending on the amount of the treated water supplied. The reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 discharges the low-concentration waste water from which the treated water is extracted as concentrated water to the concentrated water tank 46 and stores it in the concentrated water tank 46. Thereby, the low concentration waste water in which the concentration of impurities is increased in the circulation line L7 can be discharged out of the circulation line L7.

  The catalytic oxidation unit 16 is a device for further processing the treated water purified by the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 and purifying the treated water from which impurities have been further removed (third treated water). (Fourth circulation line) L11, discharge line L12, storage tank 50, catalytic oxidation module 52, recovery tank 54, pump P8, and valves V17, V18, V19, V20.

  The circulation line L <b> 11 is a pipe that is connected to the storage tank 50 and the catalytic oxidation module 52 and circulates treated water between the storage tank 50 and the catalytic oxidation module 52. The circulation line L11 includes a pump P8, a valve V17, a valve V18, and a valve V19 in the path. Specifically, the circulation line L11 has a loop shape in which the storage tank 50, the valve V17, the pump P8, the catalytic oxidation module 52, the valve V18, the valve V19, and the storage tank 50 are connected in this order in the flow direction of the treated water. It is piping.

  The discharge line L12 is a pipe that connects the recovery tank 54 between the catalytic oxidation module 52 and the valve V18 of the circulation line L11. The discharge line L12 is provided with a valve V20 in the path. When the valve V20 is opened, the discharge line L12 is discharged to the collection tank 54 that flows through the circulation line L11.

  The storage tank 50 is a tank that temporarily stores the treated water supplied from the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. The storage tank 50 is a container having a variable volume like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 and the like, and increases or decreases the amount of treated water stored in a state where air is not mixed therein or in a state where the internal air does not increase or decrease. Can do.

  The catalytic oxidation module 52 is an apparatus for treating treated water by a catalytic oxidation method and purifying treated water (third treated water) with fewer impurities. The catalyst oxidation module 52 has a region where the catalyst is held and oxygen is supplied, and passes the treated water circulating in the region, thereby oxidizing impurities contained in the treated water, Vaporize or precipitate and remove from treated water. Thus, the catalyst oxidation module 52 can filter the treated water by oxidizing and removing impurities from the treated water flowing through the circulation line L11.

  The recovery tank 54 is a tank that stores the treated water supplied from the discharge line L12. The recovery tank 54 is a container having a variable volume, like the high-concentration drainage tank 20, and increases or decreases the amount of treated water stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. Can do.

  As described above, the catalytic oxidation unit 16 can extract the treated water from which impurities have been further removed by oxidizing and decomposing the impurities in the treated water circulating through the circulation line L11 by the catalytic oxidation module 52.

  The control device 17 controls the operations of the high-concentration wastewater storage unit 11, the membrane distillation unit 12, the low-concentration wastewater storage unit 13, the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, and the catalytic oxidation unit 16, and the high-concentration wastewater and the low-concentration wastewater unit. Treated water is purified from concentrated wastewater. The space water treatment system 10 is configured as described above.

  Next, the operation of the space water treatment system 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing of the space water treatment system. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a membrane distillation process. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the reverse osmosis membrane process. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the catalytic oxidation process. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the concentrated water disposal process. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the concentrated water disposal process. 2 to 7 can be realized by the control device 17 controlling the operation of each unit.

(Whole process)
First, the overall operation of the space water treatment system will be described with reference to FIG. When the control device 17 detects the user's operation or the start of processing at the set time (step S12), the control device 17 determines whether to perform the membrane distillation process (step S14). When it is determined that the membrane distillation process is started (Yes in Step S14), the control device 17 starts the membrane distillation process (Step S16).

  When it is determined that the membrane distillation process is not started (No in Step S14), or when the membrane distillation process is started (Step S16), the control device 17 determines whether to execute the reverse osmosis membrane process (Step S18). ). When it is determined that the reverse osmosis membrane process is started (Yes in Step S18), the control device 17 starts the reverse osmosis membrane process (Step S20).

  When it is determined that the reverse osmosis membrane process is not started (No in Step S18), or when the reverse osmosis membrane process is started (Step S20), the control device 17 determines whether to perform the catalytic oxidation process (Step S20). S22). When it is determined that the catalytic oxidation process is started (Yes in Step S22), the control device 17 starts the catalytic oxidation process (Step S24).

  When it is determined that the catalytic oxidation process is not started (No in Step S22), or when the catalytic oxidation process is started (Step S24), the control device 17 determines whether to execute the concentrated water disposal process (Step S26). ). When it is determined that the concentrated water discarding process is started (Yes in step S26), the control device 17 starts the concentrated water discarding process (step S28).

  When it is determined that the concentrated water discarding process is not started (No in step S26) or when the concentrated water discarding process is started (step S28), the control device 17 determines whether the processing is finished (step S30). If it is determined that the process is not finished (No in step S30), the control device 17 returns to step S14 and executes the above process again. If the control device 17 determines that the processing is complete (Yes in step S30), the control device 17 ends this processing.

  The control device 17 can execute each process by executing the processing shown in FIG. Each process can be executed in parallel. Whether or not to execute each process may be determined based on the amount of waste water to be treated, the amount of treated water, and the like. Next, each process will be described.

(Membrane distillation process)
First, the membrane distillation process will be described with reference to FIG. First, the controller 17 closes the valves V1 to V7 (step S30), stores high-concentration wastewater in the high-concentration wastewater tank 20 (step S32), and determines whether to start processing (step S34). . In addition, the control apparatus 17 can use various references | standards as a reference | standard which starts a process. For example, it may be determined whether the high-concentration waste water is stored in the high-concentration drain tank 20 or whether the process is started based on whether the stored amount exceeds a threshold value.

  If it is determined that the process is not started (No in step S34), the control device 17 returns to step S30 and executes the above process again. When the control device 17 determines that the process is started (Yes in step S34), the valve V1 is opened, the pump P1 is driven (step S36), and the high concentration drainage from the high concentration drainage tank 20 to the buffer tank 22 is performed. Start liquid feeding. The control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 22 is finished when the liquid feeding of the high concentration waste water is started (step S38). When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 22 has not ended (No in Step S38), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S38 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S38 until the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 22 is completed.

  When the controller 17 determines that the liquid supply to the buffer tank 22 has ended (Yes in step S38), the control device 17 closes the valve V1, stops the pump P1, and opens the valves V2, V3, V5, and V6 ( Step S40), the pumps P2, P3, the heater 24, and the chiller 30 are driven (step S42). As a result, the heated high-concentration wastewater flows through the circulation line L2, and the temperature-controlled treated water flows through the circulation line L4, and the treatment of the high-concentration wastewater in the membrane distillation module 26 is started. Is purified.

  When the high concentration drainage process is started, the control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 28 is finished (step S44). For example, the control device 17 determines that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 28 is finished when the high-concentration waste water is processed and a certain amount of treated water is stored in the buffer tank 28.

  When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 28 is not completed (No in Step S44), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S44 again. The control device 17 repeats the process of step S44 until the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 28 is completed. When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 28 is finished (Yes in Step S44), the control device 17 stops the pumps P2, P3, the heater 24, and the chiller 30 (Step S46), and the valves V2, V3, V3. V5 and V6 are closed (step S48), and this process is terminated. The control device 17 can purify the treated water from the high-concentration waste water by executing the process shown in FIG.

(Reverse osmosis membrane process)
Next, the reverse osmosis membrane process will be described with reference to FIG. The controller 17 closes the valves V9 to V15 (step S50), stores low-concentration wastewater in the low-concentration wastewater tank 40 (step S52), and determines whether to start processing (step S54). In addition, the control apparatus 17 can use various references | standards as a reference | standard which starts a process. For example, it may be determined whether the low concentration drainage tank 40 stores low concentration drainage or whether the process is started based on whether the stored amount exceeds a threshold.

  If it is determined that the process is not started (No in step S54), the control device 17 returns to step S50 and executes the above process again. When the control device 17 determines that the process is started (Yes in step S54), the valve V9 is opened, the pump P5 is driven (step S56), and the low concentration drainage from the low concentration drainage tank 40 to the buffer tank 42 is performed. Start liquid feeding. The control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 42 is finished when the liquid feeding of the low concentration wastewater is started (step S58). When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 42 has not ended (No in Step S58), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S58 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S58 until the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 42 is completed.

  When the controller 17 determines that the liquid supply to the buffer tank 42 has ended (Yes in step S58), the control device 17 closes the valve V9, stops the pump P5, and opens the valves V10, V11, V12, and V14 ( Step S60), the pump P6 is driven to adjust the opening degree of the valve V11 (Step S62). Thereby, the pressurized low concentration waste water flows through the circulation line L7, the treatment of the low concentration waste water in the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 is started, and the treated water is purified. In addition, the control apparatus 17 can adjust the pressure of the low concentration wastewater to circulate by controlling the liquid feeding amount of the pump P6 and the opening degree of the valve V11. For example, the pressure of the low concentration wastewater sent to the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 can be increased by reducing the opening of the valve V11. The treated water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane module 44 passes through the recovery line L8 and is supplied to the buffer tank 48. At this time, the treated water moves toward the buffer tank 48 with the pressure pushed out from the reverse osmosis membrane module 44.

  When the low concentration drainage process is started, the control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 48 is finished (step S64). For example, the control device 17 determines that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 48 is finished when the low-concentration waste water is processed and a certain amount of treated water is stored in the buffer tank 48.

  When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 48 is not completed (No in Step S64), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S64 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S64 until liquid feeding to the buffer tank 48 is completed. When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the buffer tank 48 is finished (Yes in Step S64), the control device 17 stops the pump P6 (Step S66) and closes the valves V10, V11, V12, and V14 (Step S68). ), This process is terminated. The control device 17 can purify the treated water from the low-concentration waste water by executing the process shown in FIG.

(Catalytic oxidation process)
Next, the catalytic oxidation process will be described with reference to FIG. The control device 17 closes the valves V7, V8, and V15 to V20 (step S70), and determines whether to start the process (step S72). In addition, the control apparatus 17 can use various references | standards as a reference | standard which starts a process. For example, what is necessary is just to determine whether a process is started according to whether the treated water is stored in the buffer tanks 28 and 48 and the stored amount exceeds a threshold value.

  When it is determined that the process is not started (No in step S72), the control device 17 returns to step S70 and executes the above process again. When the control device 17 determines that the process is started (Yes in Step S72), the valves V7 and V8 are opened, the pump P4 is driven (Step S74), and the treated water from the buffer tank 28 to the storage tank 50 ( The liquid supply of the first treated water is started. The control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the storage tank 50 is finished when the liquid feeding of the treated water is started (step S76). When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the storage tank 50 has not ended (No in Step S76), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S76 again. That is, the control apparatus 17 repeats the process of step S76 until the liquid feeding to a storage tank is complete | finished.

  When the controller 17 determines that the liquid supply to the storage tank 50 has ended (Yes in step S76), the control device 17 closes the valves V7 and V8, stops the pump P4 (step S78), and opens the valves V15 and V16. Then, the pump P7 is driven (step S80), and the supply of treated water (second treated water) from the buffer tank 42 to the storage tank 50 is started. The control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the storage tank 50 is finished when the liquid feeding of the treated water is started (step S82). When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the storage tank 50 has not ended (No in Step S82), the control device 17 performs the process of Step S82 again. That is, the control apparatus 17 repeats the process of step S82 until the liquid feeding to the storage tank is completed.

When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the storage tank 50 has ended (Yes in Step S82), the control device 17 closes the valves V15 and V16, and stops the pump P7 (Step S84).
The valves V17 to V19 are opened (step S86), the pump P8 is driven, and the catalytic oxidation module 52 is driven (step S88). Thereby, the treated water in the storage tank 50 circulates in the circulation line L11, and the treatment of the treated water in the catalytic oxidation module 52 is started.

  When starting the treatment of the treated water, the control device 17 determines whether the treatment is finished (step S90). For example, the control device 17 determines that the treatment is completed when the treatment is performed for a certain period of time, or when impurities in the treated water become a certain concentration or less.

  When it is determined that the process is not finished (No in step S90), the control device 17 executes the process of step S90 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S90 until the process ends. When it is determined that the process is to be ended (Yes in step S90), the control device 17 closes the valves V18 and V19, opens the valve V20 (step S92), and determines whether or not to end the liquid supply to the collection tank 54. (Step S94). For example, the control device 17 determines that the liquid feeding to the recovery tank 54 is finished when a certain amount of treated water is stored in the recovery tank 54.

  When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the collection tank 54 is not completed (No in Step S94), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S94 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S94 until the liquid feeding to the collection tank 54 is completed. When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the collection tank 54 is finished (Yes in Step S94), the control device 17 stops the pump P8 (Step S96), closes the valves V17 and V20 (Step S98), and performs this process. Exit. The control apparatus 17 can refine | purify the treated water which further removed the impurity from treated water by performing the process shown in FIG.

(Concentrated water disposal process)
Next, the concentrated water disposal process will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The concentrated water disposal process includes a process executed by the membrane distillation unit 12 and a process executed by the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14.

  First, the process performed in the membrane distillation unit 12 is demonstrated using FIG. The control device 17 closes the valves V1 to V6 (step S110), and determines whether to start the process (step S112). In addition, the control apparatus 17 can use various references | standards as a reference | standard which starts a process. For example, what is necessary is just to determine whether a process is started by whether the density | concentration of the high concentration waste_water | circulation which circulates through the circulation line L2 exceeds the threshold value, or the process of the high concentration waste_water | drain was complete | finished.

  If it is determined that the process is not started (No in step S112), the control device 17 returns to step S110 and executes the above process again. When it is determined that the process is started (Yes in Step S112), the control device 17 opens the valve V4, drives the pump P2 (Step S114), and discharges high-concentration wastewater from the circulation line L2 to the concentrated water tank 32. Start feeding. At this time, the high-concentration waste water is after the treatment in the membrane distillation unit 12, and since the water is extracted more than a certain amount by the membrane distillation module 26, it is a concentrated water having a high impurity concentration. . The control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 32 is finished when the concentrated water feeding is started (step S116). When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 32 is not completed (No in Step S116), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S116 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S116 until the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 32 is completed.

  When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 32 has ended (Yes in step S116), the control device 17 closes the valve V4, stops the pump P2 (step S118), and ends this process. The control device 17 can discharge the concentrated water from the circulation line L2 by executing the processing shown in FIG.

  Next, the process performed in the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 is demonstrated using FIG. The control device 17 closes the valves V9 to V15 (step S120), and determines whether to start the process (step S122). In addition, the control apparatus 17 can use various references | standards as a reference | standard which starts a process. For example, what is necessary is just to determine whether a process is started by the density | concentration of the low concentration waste water circulating through the circulation line L7 exceeding the threshold value, or the process of the low concentration waste water having been completed.

  If it is determined that the process is not started (No in step S122), the control device 17 returns to step S120 and executes the above process again. When it is determined that the process is started (Yes in Step S122), the control device 17 opens the valves V10, V11, and V13, drives the pump P6 (Step S124), and connects the circulation line L7 to the concentrated water tank 46. Begin sending low-concentration wastewater. At this time, the low-concentration waste water is after the treatment in the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 and the water is extracted more than a certain amount by the reverse osmosis membrane module 44, so that the concentrated water has a high impurity concentration. ing. The control device 17 determines whether or not the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 46 is completed when the concentrated water feeding is started (step S126). When it is determined that the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 46 has not ended (No in Step S126), the control device 17 executes the process of Step S126 again. That is, the control device 17 repeats the process of step S126 until the liquid feeding to the concentrated water tank 46 is completed.

  When the controller 17 determines that the liquid supply to the concentrated water tank 46 has ended (Yes in step S126), the control device 17 closes the valves V10, V11, and V13, stops the pump P6 (step S128), and performs this process. finish. The control device 17 can discharge the concentrated water from the circulation line L7 by executing the processing shown in FIG.

  As described above, the space water treatment system 10 treats high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12, treats low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, and further purifies treated water with the catalytic oxidation unit 16. By treating, wastewater mixed with impurities can be treated appropriately, and treated water (third treated water) from which impurities are reduced or removed can be purified.

  In this embodiment, the wastewater is divided into high-concentration wastewater and low-concentration wastewater, the high-concentration wastewater is selectively treated with the membrane distillation unit 12, and the low-concentration wastewater is selectively treated with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, The amount processed by each of the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 can be reduced.

  The space water treatment system 10 can reduce the energy required for the treatment because the process of heating and treating the wastewater is only the treatment by the membrane distillation unit 12. In addition, since the space water treatment system 10 can treat the low-concentration wastewater without heating, the energy consumption of the entire apparatus can be reduced.

  The space water treatment system 10 can perform treatment in a liquid phase by the membrane distillation unit 12, the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, and the catalytic oxidation unit 16. Since the membrane distillation unit 12 also moves the vapor vaporized in the high-concentration waste water circulating in the liquid state to the liquid treated water, an apparatus for collecting the generated vapor is not necessary. Therefore, since gas-liquid separation is not necessary, it is possible to suitably perform processing with a compact device even in a zero-gravity space. Specifically, pseudo gravity is generated by a centrifugal separator or the like, and it is not necessary to perform gas-liquid separation, so that the apparatus can be miniaturized. Further, the space water treatment system 10 can be a system in which no gap (gas phase portion) is generated in the tank by making each tank storing liquid a variable capacity tank. Thereby, the gas-liquid separation in a path | route becomes unnecessary, and can distribute | circulate the liquid suitably in a line.

  The space water treatment system 10 can use the tank as a buffer without generating a gas phase by making each tank storing the liquid a variable capacity tank. Thereby, each process can be driven simultaneously using the tank as a buffer. Therefore, the space water treatment system 10 can perform either continuous treatment or batch treatment of waste water.

  Here, the space water treatment system 10 can improve the water quality of the high-concentration wastewater to the same water quality as the treated water of the low-concentration wastewater by the membrane distillation unit 12. Thereby, it can process by adjusting the load concerning each unit efficiently by performing a process in each of the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. That is, it is possible to suppress the load from being concentrated on some units. The space water treatment system 10 can appropriately adjust the processing load in each unit, so that useless processing operations can be omitted, and the load on the membrane of the membrane distillation process and the membrane of the reverse osmosis membrane process can be reduced. The life of the film can be extended. By extending the life of the membrane, the replacement frequency of the membrane can be reduced and the material launch cost can be reduced. In addition, the operator's working time can be saved by reducing the frequency of membrane replacement.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system of the second embodiment. Next, the space water treatment system 10a of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10a, portions having the same configuration as the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10a will be described.

  In the space water treatment system 10a, the discharge line L5a of the membrane distillation unit 12a is connected to the buffer tank 42 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. Thereby, in the space water treatment system 10a, the treated water (first treated water) treated by the membrane distillation unit 12a is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. The space water treatment system 10a treats high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12a, and then treats it with the low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14.

  The space water treatment system 10a can treat the high-concentration wastewater more preferentially by treating the high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12a and then treating with the low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. Thereby, even when the concentration of the high concentration wastewater is high and the treated water treated by the membrane distillation unit 12a is worse in quality than the treated water treated by the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, the wastewater is suitably treated. can do. Moreover, since the structure of each unit is the same as that of the space water treatment system 10 in the space water treatment system 10a, the various effects described above can be obtained.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the third embodiment. Next, the space water treatment system 10b of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10b, parts having the same configuration as the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10b will be described.

  In the space water treatment system 10b, a concentrated water supply line L13 is connected to the concentrated water tank 46 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14a. The concentrated water supply line L13 connects the concentrated water tank 46 and the high concentration drainage tank 20. The concentrated water supply line L13 is provided with a pump P9 and a valve V21 in the path. The concentrated water supply line L13 opens (opens) the valve V21 and drives the pump P9 to discharge (supply) the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46 to the high concentration drainage tank 20. The space water treatment system 10b treats the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46 with the high-concentration wastewater in the membrane distillation unit 12.

  The space water treatment system 10b can extract further moisture from the concentrated water of the low-concentration waste water by treating the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46, that is, the concentrated water of the low-concentration waste water, with the membrane distillation unit 12. The concentrated water to be discarded can be reduced. Thereby, water resources can be used effectively. In addition, since the amount of waste can be reduced, the space can be effectively used. Further, the concentrated water of the low concentration wastewater basically has a lower concentration of impurities than the high concentration wastewater, so that it is possible to increase the treated water to be purified while suppressing an increase in the load on the membrane distillation unit 12. Moreover, the concentration of the wastewater treated by the membrane distillation unit 12 can be diluted by mixing the concentrated water of the low concentration wastewater having a low impurity concentration with the high concentration wastewater, and the load on the membrane of the membrane distillation module 26 is reduced. Can be reduced, and the life of the film can be extended. Moreover, since the structure of each unit is the same as that of the space water treatment system 10 in the space water treatment system 10b, the various effects described above can be obtained.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the fourth embodiment. Next, the water treatment system for space 10c of 4th Embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10c, portions having the same configuration as the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10c will be described. The space water treatment system 10c is a combination of the configurations of the space water treatment system 10a and the space water treatment system 10b.

  In the space water treatment system 10c, the discharge line L5a of the membrane distillation unit 12a is connected to the buffer tank 42 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14a. Thereby, in the water treatment system for space 10c, the treated water (first treated water) treated by the membrane distillation unit 12a is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane unit. The space water treatment system 10c treats high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12a and then treats it with the low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14a.

  In the space water treatment system 10c, a concentrated water supply line L13 is connected to the concentrated water tank 46 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14a. The concentrated water supply line L13 connects the concentrated water tank 46 and the high concentration drainage tank 20. The concentrated water supply line L13 is provided with a pump P9 and a valve V21 in the path. The concentrated water supply line L13 opens (opens) the valve V21 and drives the pump P9 to discharge (supply) the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46 to the high concentration drainage tank 20. The space water treatment system 10c treats the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46 together with the high-concentration wastewater by the membrane distillation unit 12a.

  As described above, after treating the high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12a and also treating with the low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14a, the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46 can be treated with the high-concentration wastewater. By treating with 12a, water resources can be utilized effectively and treated water can be purified efficiently.

[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a space water treatment system according to a fifth embodiment. Next, the water treatment system for space 10d of 5th Embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10d, portions having the same configuration as the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, points specific to the space water treatment system 10d will be described.

  In the space water treatment system 10d, the catalytic oxidation unit 16a includes an oxygen generator 70. The oxygen generator 70 electrolyzes water to generate oxygen, and supplies the generated oxygen to the catalytic oxidation module 52. The catalytic oxidation module 52 removes impurities from the treated water using the supplied oxygen and catalyst.

  In the space water treatment system 10d, a concentrated water supply line L14 is connected to the concentrated water tank 32 of the membrane distillation unit 12b. The concentrated water supply line L <b> 14 connects the concentrated water tank 32 and the oxygen generator 70. The concentrated water supply line L14 is provided with a pump P10 and a valve V22 in the path. The concentrated water supply line L <b> 14 opens the valve V <b> 22 and drives the pump P <b> 10 to discharge (supply) the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 32 to the oxygen generator 70. The space water treatment system 10 d generates oxygen with the oxygen generator 70 using water contained in the concentrated water.

  The space water treatment system 10d uses the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 32, that is, concentrated water of high-concentration waste water, as water of the oxygen generator 70, thereby further extracting water from the concentrated water of high-concentration waste water. The concentrated water to be discarded can be reduced. Thereby, water resources can be used effectively. In addition, since the amount of waste can be reduced, the space can be effectively used. Moreover, since the structure of each unit is the same as that of the space water treatment system 10 in the space water treatment system 10d, the various effects described above can be obtained.

[Sixth Embodiment]
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the sixth embodiment. Next, the space water treatment system 10e of 6th Embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10e, the same components as those in the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10e will be described.

  In the space water treatment system 10e, the catalytic oxidation unit 16a includes an oxygen generator 70. The oxygen generator 70 electrolyzes water to generate oxygen, and supplies the generated oxygen to the catalytic oxidation module 52. The catalytic oxidation module 52 removes impurities from the treated water using the supplied oxygen and catalyst.

  In the space water treatment system 10e, a concentrated water supply line L14 is connected to the concentrated water tank 32 of the membrane distillation unit 12b. The concentrated water supply line L <b> 14 connects the concentrated water tank 32 and the oxygen generator 70. The concentrated water supply line L14 is provided with a pump P10 and a valve V22 in the path. The concentrated water supply line L <b> 14 opens the valve V <b> 22 and drives the pump P <b> 10 to discharge (supply) the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 32 to the oxygen generator 70.

  Further, in the space water treatment system 10e, a concentrated water supply line L15 is connected to the concentrated water tank 46 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14b. The concentrated water supply line L15 connects the concentrated water tank 46 and the oxygen generator 70. The concentrated water supply line L15 is provided with a pump P11 and a valve V23 in the path. The concentrated water supply line L15 opens (opens) the valve V23 and drives the pump P11 to discharge (supply) the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46 to the oxygen generator 70. The space water treatment system 10 e generates oxygen with the oxygen generator 70 using water contained in the concentrated water supplied from the concentrated water tanks 32 and 46.

  The space water treatment system 10e uses the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 32, that is, concentrated water of high-concentration wastewater, and the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water tank 46, that is, concentrated water of low-concentration wastewater, as an oxygen generator. By using it as 70 water, water can be further extracted from the concentrated water of the high concentration wastewater and the concentrated water of the low concentration wastewater, and the concentrated water to be discarded can be reduced. Thereby, water resources can be used effectively. In addition, since the amount of waste can be reduced, the space can be effectively used. Moreover, since the structure of each unit is the same as that of the space water treatment system 10 in the space water treatment system 10e, the various effects mentioned above can be acquired. Further, the concentrated water of the low concentration drainage may be supplied to both the high concentration drainage tank 20 and the oxygen generator 70.

[Seventh Embodiment]
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the seventh embodiment. Next, a space water treatment system 10f according to a seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10f, portions having the same configuration as the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10f will be described.

  In the space water treatment system 10f, the discharge line L5a of the membrane distillation unit 12a is connected to the buffer tank 42 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. Thereby, in the space water treatment system 10f, the treated water (first treated water) treated by the membrane distillation unit 12a is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. The space water treatment system 10f treats high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12a and then treats it with the low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14.

  The space water treatment system 10 f includes a purification unit 80. The purification unit 80 treats the treated water (third treated water) purified by the catalytic oxidation unit 16 and refines treated water (fourth treated water, final treated water) obtained by further removing impurities from the treated water. The purification unit 80 includes a purification module 82, a recovery tank 84, a recovery line L16, a pump P12, and a valve V24.

  The recovery line L16 connects the recovery tank 54 and the recovery tank 84. In the recovery line L16, the valve V24, the pump P12, and the purification module 82 are arranged in this order from the recovery tank 54 to the recovery tank 84 in the path. The recovery line L16 opens (opens) the valve V24 and drives the pump P12 to discharge (supply) the treated water stored in the recovery tank 54 to the recovery tank 84.

  The purification module 82 is a mechanism for removing impurities that cannot be treated by the catalytic oxidation method containing the treated water, and includes an ion exchange resin tower and an activated carbon tower. The purification module 82 removes impurities that cannot be treated by the catalytic oxidation method including the treated water with the ion exchange resin and the activated carbon.

  By providing the purification unit 80, the space water treatment system 10f can remove more impurities from the treated water, and can further improve the quality of the treated water. Moreover, since the structure of each unit is the same as that of the space water treatment system 10 in the space water treatment system 10f, the various effects described above can be obtained.

[Eighth Embodiment]
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the eighth embodiment. Next, a space water treatment system 10g according to an eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10g, the same components as those in the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10g will be described.

  In the space water treatment system 10g, the discharge line L10a of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14c is connected to the buffer tank 22 of the membrane distillation unit 12. Thereby, in the space water treatment system 10g, the treated water (second treated water) treated by the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14c is supplied to the membrane distillation unit 12. The space water treatment system 10g treats low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14c, and then treats it with the high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12.

  The space water treatment system 10g can dilute and treat the high-concentration wastewater by treating the low-concentration wastewater with the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14c and then treating with the high-concentration wastewater with the membrane distillation unit 12. Thereby, even when the density | concentration of high concentration waste_water | drain is high, the load concerning the membrane distillation unit 12 can be reduced and a lifetime of a membrane can be extended. Moreover, since the structure of each unit of the space water treatment system 10g is the same as that of the space water treatment system 10, the various effects described above can be obtained. The space water treatment system 10g connects the discharge line L10a to both the buffer tank 22 and the storage tank 50, supplies a part of the treated water to the buffer tank 22, and supplies the remaining treated water to the storage tank 50. You may make it do.

[Ninth Embodiment]
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the space water treatment system according to the ninth embodiment. Next, a space water treatment system 10h according to a ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Here, in the space water treatment system 10h, the same components as those in the space water treatment system 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, the points peculiar to the space water treatment system 10h will be described.

  The space water treatment system 10 h includes a high-concentration wastewater storage unit 11, a membrane distillation unit 12, a low-concentration wastewater storage unit 13, a reverse osmosis membrane unit 14, and a recovery tank 90. That is, the space water treatment system 10 h does not include the catalytic oxidation unit 16. The recovery tank 90 is a tank that stores treated water supplied from the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14. The collection tank 90 is a container having a variable volume, like the high-concentration drainage tank 20 and the like, and increases or decreases the amount of high-concentration drainage stored in a state where air is not mixed in or inside air is not increased or decreased. be able to. The collection tank 90 is connected to discharge lines L5 and L10. In the space water treatment system 10h, treated water purified by the membrane distillation unit 12 and the reverse osmosis membrane unit 14 is supplied to the recovery tank 90 and stored.

  Since the space water treatment system 10h is configured not to include the catalytic oxidation unit 16, the apparatus configuration can be further simplified, the system can be reduced in size, and power can be saved. Moreover, it can use suitably as a treated water of the use which does not require the process in the catalyst oxidation unit 16.

  As mentioned above, although this indication was demonstrated, this indication is not limited by the content mentioned above. In addition, the constituent elements of the present disclosure described above include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those in a so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the above-described components can be appropriately combined. In addition, various omissions, substitutions, and changes of the components can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g, 10h Space water treatment system 11 High concentration drainage storage unit 12, 12a, 12b Membrane distillation unit 13 Low concentration drainage storage unit 14, 14a, 14b Reverse osmosis membrane unit 16 Catalytic oxidation unit 17 Control device 20 High concentration drainage tank 22, 28, 42, 48 Buffer tank 24 Heater 26 Membrane distillation module 30 Chiller (temperature adjustment unit)
32, 46 Concentrated water tank 40 Low concentration drainage tank 44 Reverse osmosis membrane module 50 Storage tank 52 Catalytic oxidation module 54, 84 Recovery tank 70 Oxygen generator 80 Purification unit 82 Purification module L1 High concentration drainage supply line L2, L4, L7, L11 Circulation line L3, L9 Waste liquid line L5, L10, L12 Discharge line L6 Low concentration drainage supply line L8, L16 Recovery line L13, L14, L15 Concentrated water supply line P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8 , P9, P10, P11, P12 Pump
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9, V10, V11, V12, V13, V14, V15, V16, V17, V18, V19, V20, V21, V22, V23, V24 Valve

Claims (7)

A space water treatment system for treating water in outer space,
A high concentration drainage storage unit having a variable concentration high concentration drainage tank and storing the high concentration drainage in the high concentration drainage tank;
A variable capacity first buffer tank, a membrane distillation module, a variable capacity second buffer tank, between the first buffer tank and the membrane distillation module for storing the high concentration waste water supplied from the high concentration waste water storage unit. A first circulation line for circulating the high-concentration waste water while heating, a second circulation line for circulating the first treated water while cooling between the membrane distillation module and the second buffer tank, and the first circulation line. The first concentrated water tank for storing the concentrated water discharged from the high-concentration waste water by allowing the water component contained in the high-concentration waste water heated by the membrane distillation module to pass through the second circulation line. A membrane distillation unit that supplies the first treated water extracted from the second circulation line and stores the first treated water of the second circulation line in the second buffer tank;
A low concentration drainage storage unit having a variable concentration low concentration drainage tank and storing the low concentration drainage in the low concentration drainage tank;
The variable-capacity third buffer tank for storing the low-concentration wastewater supplied from the low-concentration wastewater storage unit, the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the low-concentration wastewater between the third buffer tank and the reverse osmosis membrane module. A third circulation line that circulates while pressurizing; a fourth buffer tank having a variable capacity; and a second concentrated water tank that stores the concentrated water discharged from the third circulation line, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane module includes the third circulation line. A reverse osmosis membrane unit for contacting the low-concentration wastewater circulated while being pressurized in a circulation line with a reverse osmosis membrane, and storing the second treated water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane in the fourth buffer tank;
Wherein at least one of the first treated water and the second treated water is supplied, the supplied process water possess the catalytic oxidation unit for processing by the catalytic oxidation method, a
The membrane distillation unit supplies the first treated water to the third buffer tank of the reverse osmosis membrane unit,
The reverse osmosis membrane unit is a space water treatment system for supplying the second treated water to the catalytic oxidation unit. A space water treatment system for treating water in outer space,
A high concentration drainage storage unit having a variable concentration high concentration drainage tank and storing the high concentration drainage in the high concentration drainage tank;
A variable capacity first buffer tank, a membrane distillation module, a variable capacity second buffer tank, between the first buffer tank and the membrane distillation module for storing the high concentration waste water supplied from the high concentration waste water storage unit. A first circulation line for circulating the high-concentration waste water while heating, a second circulation line for circulating the first treated water while cooling between the membrane distillation module and the second buffer tank, and the first circulation line. The first concentrated water tank for storing the concentrated water discharged from the high-concentration waste water by allowing the water component contained in the high-concentration waste water heated by the membrane distillation module to pass through the second circulation line. A membrane distillation unit that supplies the first treated water extracted from the second circulation line and stores the first treated water of the second circulation line in the second buffer tank;
A low concentration drainage storage unit having a variable concentration low concentration drainage tank and storing the low concentration drainage in the low concentration drainage tank;
The variable-capacity third buffer tank for storing the low-concentration wastewater supplied from the low-concentration wastewater storage unit, the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the low-concentration wastewater between the third buffer tank and the reverse osmosis membrane module. A third circulation line that circulates while pressurizing; a fourth buffer tank having a variable capacity; and a second concentrated water tank that stores the concentrated water discharged from the third circulation line, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane module includes the third circulation line. A reverse osmosis membrane unit for contacting the low-concentration wastewater circulated while being pressurized in a circulation line with a reverse osmosis membrane, and storing the second treated water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane in the fourth buffer tank;
Wherein at least one of the first treated water and the second treated water is supplied, the supplied process water possess the catalytic oxidation unit for processing by the catalytic oxidation method, a
The membrane distillation unit supplies the first treated water to the catalytic oxidation unit,
The reverse osmosis membrane unit is a space water treatment system comprising a mechanism for supplying the second treated water to the first buffer tank of the membrane distillation unit. The space water treatment system according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the reverse osmosis membrane unit includes a mechanism for supplying the concentrated water stored in the second concentrated water tank to the high concentration drainage tank. The catalytic oxidation unit includes an oxygen generator that generates oxygen from water,
4. The space water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the membrane distillation unit includes a mechanism for supplying concentrated water stored in the first concentrated water tank to the oxygen generator. 5. 5. The space water treatment system according to claim 4 , wherein the reverse osmosis membrane unit includes a mechanism that supplies the concentrated water stored in the second concentrated water tank to the oxygen generator. The catalytic oxidation unit includes an oxygen generator that generates oxygen from water,
4. The space water treatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the reverse osmosis membrane unit includes a mechanism that supplies the concentrated water stored in the second concentrated water tank to the oxygen generator. 5. The space water treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , further comprising a purification unit that is supplied with the third treated water treated by the catalytic oxidation unit and removes impurities from the third treated water.

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