JP6107441B2 - 液晶化合物、液晶組成物およびその重合体 - Google Patents
液晶化合物、液晶組成物およびその重合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6107441B2 JP6107441B2 JP2013119888A JP2013119888A JP6107441B2 JP 6107441 B2 JP6107441 B2 JP 6107441B2 JP 2013119888 A JP2013119888 A JP 2013119888A JP 2013119888 A JP2013119888 A JP 2013119888A JP 6107441 B2 JP6107441 B2 JP 6107441B2
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- liquid crystal
- compound
- film
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- polymerizable
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
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- NGAVKPIEGZEJAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphtho[1,2-g]phthalazine Chemical compound N1=NC=C2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=CC2=C1 NGAVKPIEGZEJAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUIBKAHUQOOLSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CCCCCCC(Cl)=O PUIBKAHUQOOLSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002921 oxetanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N parbenate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)O GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCNCC1 FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KIWATKANDHUUOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)O KIWATKANDHUUOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003397 sorbic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005369 trialkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
[6][5]項に記載の液晶組成物に紫外光を照射して得られる重合体。
[7][5]項に記載の液晶組成物を重合することによって得られる光学異方性フィルム。
[8][7]項に記載の光学異方性フィルムを有する液晶表示素子。
本発明の化合物は、重合性基として両末端にフェニレン基に直結したビニルケトンを有する下記式(1)で表される化合物である。
A1は独立して1,4−フェニレン、1,4−シクロへキシレン、ピリジン−2,5−ジイルおよびナフタレン−2,6−ジイルから選ばれるいずれかの二価基であり、該二価基において、少なくとも一つの水素はフッ素、塩素、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、ホルミル、トリフルオロアセチル、ジフルオロメチル、トリフルオロメチル、炭素数1〜5のアルキル、炭素数1〜5のアルコキシ、炭素数1〜5のアルキルエステルまたは炭素数1〜5のアルカノイルで置き換えられてもよい。
R1は独立して水素または炭素数1〜5のアルキルであり、好ましくは水素またはメチルであり、より好ましくは水素である。
nは独立して0〜4の整数であり、好ましくは0〜2の整数である。
化合物(1)は、有機合成化学の手法を組み合わせることにより合成できる。出発物質に目的の末端基、環および結合基を導入する方法は、ホーベン−ワイル(Houben-Wyle, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart)、オーガニック・シンセシーズ(Organic Syntheses, John Wily & Sons, Inc.)、オーガニック・リアクションズ(Organic Reactions, John Wily & Sons Inc.)、コンプリヘンシブ・オーガニック・シンセシス(Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Pergamon Press)、および、新実験化学講座(丸善)等の成書に記載されている。なお、合成された化合物の構造は、例えば、プロトンNMRスペクトルにより確認することができる。
本発明の液晶組成物は、式(1)で表される化合物の群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物を含有する。本発明の液晶組成物は、比較的低い温度でネマチック相やスメクチック相の液晶相を有する。本発明の液晶組成物を、ラビング処理等の配向処理がなされているプラスチック基板上やプラスチックの薄膜で表面が被覆された支持基板上に塗工して製膜する場合、ホモジニアス配向やハイブリッド配向となる。また、本発明の液晶組成物に、後述する非重合性あるいは重合性の光学活性化合物を添加した場合にはツイスト配向となる。本発明の液晶組成物に後述するカルド構造を有する化合物、または単官能の液晶化合物を加えるとホメオトロピック配向が得られやすくなる。
シリコーン系非イオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、未変性シリコーンあるいは変性シリコーンを主成分とした共栄社化学(株)製のポリフローATF―2、グラノール100、グラノール115、グラノール400、グラノール410、グラノール435、グラノール440、グラノール450、グラノールB−1484、ポリフローKL−250、ポリフローKL−260、ポリフローKL−270、ポリフローKL−280、BYK−300、BYK−302、BYK−306、BYK−307、BYK−310、BYK−315、BYK−320、BYK−322、BYK−323、BYK−325、BYK−330、BYK−331、BYK−333、BYK−337、BYK−341、BYK−342、BYK−344、BYK−345、BYK−346、BYK−347、BYK−348、BYK−370、BYK−375、BYK−377、BYK−378、BYK−3500、BYK−3510、およびBYK−3570などが挙げられる。
次に、その他の重合性化合物、添加物、有機溶剤を例示する。これらの化合物は市販品でもよい。
紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、チヌビンPS、チヌビンP、チヌビン99−2、チヌビン109、チヌビン213、チヌビン234、チヌビン326、チヌビン328、チヌビン329、チヌビン384−2、チヌビン571、チヌビン900、チヌビン928、チヌビン1130、チヌビン400、チヌビン405、チヌビン460、チヌビン479、チヌビン5236、アデカスタブLA−32、アデカスタブLA−34、アデカスタブLA−36、アデカスタブLA−31、アデカスタブ1413、およびアデカスタブLA−51などが挙げられる。「チヌビン」はBASFジャパン(株)の商品名であり、「アデカスタブ」はADEKAの商品名である。これら紫外線吸収剤は単独で使用してもよく、2つ以上を混合して使用してもよい。また、これら紫外線吸収剤は市販品であってもよい。
アセテート系溶剤としては、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、アセト酢酸メチル、および1−メトキシ−2−プロピルアセテートなどが好ましい。
液晶フィルムは、液晶表示素子(特に、アクティブマトリックス型およびパッシブマトリックス型の液晶表示素子)に適用する光学補償素子として有効である。この液晶フィルムを光学補償膜として使用するのに適している液晶表示素子の型の例は、IPS型(イン・プレーン・スイッチング)、OCB型(光学的に補償された複屈折)、TN型(ツィステッド・ネマティック)、STN型(スーパー・ツィステッド・ネマティック)、ECB型(電気的に制御された複屈折)、DAP型(整列相の変形効果)、CSH型(カラー・スーパー・ホメオトロピック)、VAN/VAC型(垂直配向したネマチック/コレステリック)、OMI型(光学モード干渉)、SBE型(超複屈折効果)などである。さらにゲスト−ホスト型、強誘電性型、反強誘電性型などの表示素子用の位相レターダーとして、この液晶フィルムを使用することもできる。なお、液晶フィルムに求められるチルト角の厚み方向の分布や厚みなどのパラメーターの最適値は、補償すべき液晶表示素子の種類とその光学パラメーターに強く依存するので、素子の種類によって異なる。
<化合物の構造確認>
500MHzのプロトンNMR(ブルカー:DRX−500)の測定により合成した化合物の構造を確認した。記載した数値はppmを表し、sはシングレット、dはダブレット、tはトリプレット、mはマルチプレットを表す。
偏光顕微鏡を備えた融点測定装置のホットプレートに試料を置き、3℃/分の速度で昇温した。相が別の相に転移する温度を測定した。Cは結晶、Gはガラス状態、Nはネマチック相、Sはスメクチック相、Iは等方性液体を意味する。NI点は、ネマチック相の上限温度またはネマチック相から等方性液体への転移温度である。「C 50 N 63 I」は、50℃で結晶からネマチック相に転移し、63℃でネマチック相から等方性液体へ転移したことを示す。括弧内はモノトロピックの液晶相を示す。
窒素雰囲気下において、室温で250Wの超高圧水銀灯(ウシオ電機社製、マルチライト−250)を用いて30mW/cm2(365nm)の強度の光を30秒間照射した。
(1)ラビング処理済み配向膜付きガラス基板の作成
厚さ1.1mmのガラス基板に、低プレチルト角(水平配向モード)用ポリアミック酸(リクソンアライナー:PIA−5370 JNC(株)製)をスピンコートし、スピンコートした塗膜から溶媒を80℃のホットプレート上で除去後、該塗膜を230℃で30分間、オーブンで焼成したものをレーヨン布を利用してラビング処理した。
クロスニコルに配置した2枚の偏光板の間に位相差フィルムを形成した基板を挟持して観察し、基板を水平面内で回転させ、明暗の状態を確認した。位相差フィルムを形成した基板を偏光顕微鏡観察し、配向欠陥の有無を確認した。
シンテック(株)製のOPTIPRO偏光解析装置を用い、位相差フィルムを形成した基板に波長が550nmの光を照射した。この光の入射角度をフィルム面に対して90°から減少させながらレタデーションを測定した。レタデーション(retardation;位相遅れ、リタデーションとも呼ばれる)はΔn×dで表される。記号Δnは光学異方性値であり、記号dは重合体フィルムの厚さである。
液晶フィルム付きガラス基板の液晶フィルムの層を削りだして、その段差を微細形状測定装置(KLA TENCOR(株)製 アルファステップIQ)を用いて測定した。
ホモジニアス配向を有する液晶フィルムについて求めたレタデーションと膜厚値から、レタデーション/膜厚として算出した。
JIS規格「JIS−K−5400 8.4 鉛筆引掻試験」の方法に準じて測定した。
[実施例1]
下記に示す化合物(1−1−1)を以下のようにして合成した。
相転移温度:C 74(N 59) I
1H−NMR(CDCl3;δppm):8.00(d,4H),7.22(d,4H),7.16(d,2H),7.13(d,2H),6.45(d,2H),5.95(d,2H),2.72−2.66(m,4H),1.95−1.87(m,4H).
下記に示す化合物(1−1−2)を以下のようにして合成した。
相転移温度:C 85(N 61) I
1H−NMR(CDCl3;δppm):8.00(d,4H),7.21(d,4H),7.16(d,2H),7.13(d,2H),6.46(d,2H),5.94(d,2H),2.62(t,4H),1.86−1.76(m,4H),1.56−1.48(m,4H).
実施例3,4で使用した化合物を以下に示す。
化合物(1−1−1):化合物(M2−7−1)=50:50の重量比で、これらの化合物を混合した。この混合物をMIX(A)とする。このMIX(A)の重量100に対して、重量比0.2の非イオン性のフッ素系界面活性剤((株)ネオス製、商品名フタージェント FTX−218)、および重量比6の重合開始剤イルガキュアー907(チバ・ジャパン製)を添加した。さらにシクロペンタノン/プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)=7/3(重量比)を加えて、固形分の割合が30重量%である液晶組成物(S−1)を得た。得られた液晶組成物(S−1)は、相分離等せず均一に混合していた。この液晶組成物(S−1)は、重合性基を有する液晶化合物を100重量%含有しており、重合性液晶組成物である。
この基板を80℃で3分間加熱、室温で2分間冷却し、溶剤が除去した重合性液晶層を空気中で紫外線により重合させて、液晶の配向状態を固定させた光学異方性ポリマーを得た。この光学異方性ポリマーを偏光顕微鏡観察したところ、配向欠陥はなく、均一なホモジニアス配向を有していた。この光学異方性ポリマーのレタデーションを測定したところ、フィルム面に対して90度のレタデーション測定値は138nmであり、膜厚は1260nmであったことからΔnは0.11と算出された。また、得られた薄膜の鉛筆硬度はHであった。
化合物(1−1−2):化合物(M1−2−1):化合物(M2−7−1)=25:25:50の重量比で、これらの化合物を混合した。この混合物をMIX(B)とする。このMIX(B)の重量1に対して、重量比0.002の非イオン性のフッ素系界面活性剤((株)ネオス製、商品名フタージェント FTX−218)、および重量比0.06の重合開始剤イルガキュアー907(BASFジャパン製)を添加した。さらにシクロヘキサノンを加えて、固形分の割合が25重量%である液晶組成物(S−2)得た。得られた液晶組成物(S−2)は、相分離等せず均一に混合していた。この液晶組成物(S−2)は、重合性基を有する液晶化合物を100重量%含有しており、重合性液晶組成物である。
この異方性ポリマーを偏光顕微鏡観察したところ、配向欠陥はなく均一なホモジニアス配向を有していた。この異方性ポリマーのレタデーションを測定したところ、フィルム面に対して90度のレタデーション測定値は110nmであり、膜厚は980nmであったことからΔnは0.11と算出された。また、得られた薄膜の鉛筆硬度はBであった。
比較例1で使用した化合物を以下に示す。
化合物(C−1):化合物(M2−7−1)=50:50の重量比で、これらの化合物を混合した。この混合物をMIX(C)とする。このMIX(C)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして光学異方性ポリマーの作成を試みたが、結晶化が進行し、均一な配向を有する光学異方性ポリマーを作成することは困難であった。
比較例2で使用した化合物を以下に示す。
相転移温度:C 146 I
1H−NMR(CDCl3;δppm):7.18−7.08(m,8H),6.61(d,2H),6.36−6.28(m,2H),6.03(d,2H),2.68−2.62(m,4H),1.92−1.86(m,4H).
化合物(C−1):化合物(M2−7−1)=50:50の重量比で、これらの化合物を混合した。この混合物をMIX(C)とする。このMIX(C)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして異方性ポリマーの作成を試みたが、MIX(C)は液晶相を示さず光学異方性ポリマーを作成することはできなかった。
化合物(M2−7−1)の重量1に対して、重量比0.002の非イオン性のフッ素系界面活性剤((株)ネオス製、商品名フタージェント FTX−218)、および重量比0.06の重合開始剤イルガキュアー907(チバ・ジャパン製)を添加した。さらにシクロペンタノン/プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)=7/3(重量比)を加えて、固形分の割合が30重量%である液晶組成物(CS−1)を得た。
この異方性ポリマーを偏光顕微鏡観察したところ、均一なホモジニアス配向を有していた。得られた薄膜の鉛筆硬度を測定したところ5Bであった。
Claims (7)
- 上記式(1−1)中、R1は独立して水素またはメチルであり;Yは−OCO(CH 2 ) s COO−であり、ここで、sは4〜12の整数であり;W1は独立してメチルであり;nは独立して0〜4の整数である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 上記式(1−1)中、nは独立して0〜2の整数である、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含有する液晶組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶組成物に紫外光を照射して得られる重合体。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶組成物を重合することによって得られる光学異方性フィルム。
- 請求項6に記載の光学異方性フィルムを有する液晶表示素子。
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