JP6097761B2 - 家畜廃水の処理用プロセス、装置およびシステム - Google Patents
家畜廃水の処理用プロセス、装置およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6097761B2 JP6097761B2 JP2014545046A JP2014545046A JP6097761B2 JP 6097761 B2 JP6097761 B2 JP 6097761B2 JP 2014545046 A JP2014545046 A JP 2014545046A JP 2014545046 A JP2014545046 A JP 2014545046A JP 6097761 B2 JP6097761 B2 JP 6097761B2
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- livestock wastewater
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Description
a)固形状態で家畜廃水の少なくとも部分的な好気性消化を生じる条件に動物およびヒトの堆肥をさらすこと。微生物消化に適した炭素は、40%炭素〜60%堆肥と、60%炭素〜40%堆肥との間の比率で堆肥の備蓄物中に存在する形態である必要がある。炭素は、限定されないが、オガクズ、麦わら、木材パルプまたは藻類であってよい。
b)コンポストパイル中の水分レベルは、40%〜60%水分に維持する必要がある。そのパイルを、1週〜2ヶ月の期間中に2〜10回ひっくり返し、塊に通気して、微生物によるタンパク質、炭水化物および炭素の分解を可能とする必要がある。あるいは、コンポスト攪拌機を使ってコンポストをかき回せるが、こちらの方が進行は速い。
c)パイル中の温度は、少なくとも1週間、60℃〜85℃に維持される。
d)大量のアンモニア、糖類、多糖類、アミン、アルデヒド、カルボン酸、還元硫黄およびVOCが生成される固形コンポスト化の時点で、コンポスト化パイルを嫌気性条件下で密封し、好気性コンポスト化プロセスが完全コンポスト化段階にまで継続するのを防ぐ。固形部分の完全コンポスト化段階には、アンモニアは消散し、糖類はCO2に変換されてしまい、微生物活性は大きく減少する。完全コンポスト化固形物は、その後の液状コンポスト化段階には適さない。部分的にコンポスト化した固形物は、嫌気性条件下の密封備蓄物中に保持され、上記20行目のd)に記載の品質を維持している。この静置式で覆われた備蓄物は、微生物消化用の有効な供給原料として無期限に保持できるが、好ましい方法は、静置式嫌気性備蓄とし、不通気性シートで覆ってパイル中のガスを密封した2年以内に生成物を使用することである。過剰ガスは、放出してもよい。
e)一旦、糖類、糖類およびアンモニアが検出されると、固形状態でパイルのコンポスト化プロセスを継続してはいけない。これは、液状好気性コンポスト化段階に適する理想的な形態の成分を与える堆肥炭素源を効率的に半コンポスト化する。これは、上述の的確な形態の成分に加えて、パイル中に天然に存在する高レベルの活性な微生物集団を提供し、最終の液状通気コンポスト化段階での微生物消化プロセスを完結する。固形コンポスト化プロセスである液状前の微生物消化を、アンモニアがもはや生成されず、糖類およびサッカライドがCO2に変換されてしまう段階に進ませてしまうと、液状段階コンポスト化は、効率的ではないであろう。完全なコンポスト化プロセスの途中の微生物および菌類の活性のピークの時点で液状微生物消化供給原料が供給されることは、重要である。この時点で、微生物および菌類活性ならびに熱生成のレベルと同様に、サッカライド、メチルエチルケトン、エチルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、還元硫黄、チオフェン、プロピオンアルデヒド、ブチルアルデヒド、アセトン、アミン、カルボン酸、VOC、アルデヒド、糖類、アンモニアレベルは、最高のレベルにある。一旦、的確な最大微生物および菌類活性点が到達されると、事前調整した液状微生物消化供給原料は、密封状態で保持する必要がある。本発明による殆どのコンポスト化プロセスは、固形物が懸濁状態で、通気されて保持される液状好気性段階で起こる。事前調整段階は、液状消化槽中で無機質および有機質の原料を、微生物により容易に消化される形態に変換するものである。
f)a)〜f)のステップで生成された固形消化残渣を水性の媒体中に分散すること。図1参照。
g)可溶性シリカおよび/またはゲルマニウムの存在下、ステップb)の水性分散液に通気すること。
h)通気水性分散液が完全に微生物および菌類消化された後で、液体から固形物を分離すること。この期間は、4時間〜3日であってよい。図2参照。
家畜廃水源、
家畜廃水を消化するための好気性消化槽であって、堆肥および炭素の通気パイルから構成され、ブリックス計を使って半コンポスト化堆積物中の糖度が測定され、ブリックス糖度が1〜20の読み値に達した場合は、固形物好気性コンポスト化プロセスは、停止され、備蓄物は密封され、液状微生物好気性消化段階で使用されることになるまで嫌気性条件下で保持される好気性消化槽、
固形消化残渣の水性分散液を含む容器であって、固形消化残渣が、好気性消化槽中で家畜廃水を好気的に消化することにより生成される容器、
排出口と流体連通している分離器であって、使用時、通気された水性分散液中の液体から固形物を分離するように配置されている分離器、および、
家畜廃水を前記家畜廃水源から好気性消化槽に移し、また、消化残渣を好気性消化槽から容器に移すための、それぞれ第1と第2のコンベア、
を含む。
適切な界面活性剤には、上述のものが含まれる。
Claims (22)
- 家畜廃水処理プロセスであって、
a)少なくとも部分的に好気性消化が生ずる条件下に前記家畜廃水をさらすステップ、
b)前記固相中の微生物活性のピークで形成されるアンモニア、糖類およびサッカライドレベルを維持するために、前記部分的微生物好気性消化固形物を、嫌気性条件下で保持するステップ、
c)ステップb)で生成された半コンポスト化堆肥を密封するステップ、
d)ステップa)〜c)で生成された固形消化残渣を水性媒体中に分散させるステップ、
e)可溶性シリカおよび/またはゲルマニウムの存在下で、ステップd)の前記水性分散液に通気するステップ;および
f)前記通気水性分散液由来の液体から固形物を分離するステップ
を含む、プロセス。 - 前記ステップc)が、さらに具体的に懸濁液中に固形分を保持することを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記家畜廃水を嫌気性条件にさらす前に、前記家畜廃水をセルロース系材料と混合する、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記家畜廃水を、40:60〜60:40の重量比(%w/w)の家畜廃水:セルロース系材料比率で前記セルロース系材料と混合する、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 、
前記混合物の水分含量が、0〜70%w/wの範囲である、請求項3または4に記載のプロセス。 - 前記家畜廃水を少なくとも部分的な前記家畜廃水好気性消化が生ずる条件下にさらすことが、家畜廃水とセルロース系材料の前記混合物を、酸素または酸素リッチ雰囲気の存在下で1週間〜2ヶ月間、貯蔵することを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記混合物が、前記条件下で60℃〜85℃の範囲の温度に達する、請求項3〜6のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが、前記セルロース系材料を界面活性剤で処理することを含む、請求項3〜7のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記セルロース系材料が、セルロース系材料1メートルトン当たり0.5〜5リットル界面活性剤の量で前記界面活性剤と混合される、前記プロセス請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- セルロース系材料と界面活性剤の前記混合物が、前記セルロース系材料と前記家畜廃水の混合の前に形成される、請求項8または9に記載のプロセス。
- 前記セルロース系材料と界面活性剤の混合物が、前記処理セルロース系材料と前記家畜廃水との混合の前に、少なくとも1ヶ月間、好気性条件にさらされる、請求項8〜10のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記界面活性剤が、前記セルロース系材料が前記家畜廃水と混合されるのと同じ時間、またはその前後に前記セルロース系材料と混合される、請求項8〜11のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- その後、前記半コンポスト化堆肥が炭素と共に嫌気性条件下に保持して、前記糖類およびサッカライドがさらなる好気性分解して、CO2を形成し、アンモニアが消散するのを防ぐ、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記固形消化残渣を水性媒体中に分散させる前記ステップが、前記固形消化残渣を水または水溶液と、2.5〜50リットルの水または水溶液に対し1kgの固形消化残渣の範囲の重量/容量比率で混合することを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記固形消化残渣の前記水性分散液が、界面活性剤,好気性微生物接種剤もしくはその前駆物質,可溶性シリカおよび/もしくはゲルマニウム、窒素源、ならびに微生物のエネルギー源を含む群から選択される1つまたは複数の添加物をさらに含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記添加物が、可溶性シリカおよび/またはゲルマニウムである、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つまたは複数の添加物が、前記固形消化残渣を前記水性媒体中に分散するのと同じ時間、またはその前後に添加される、請求項15または16のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つまたは複数の添加物が、前記水性分散液に添加される、請求項15〜17のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つまたは複数の添加物が、前記固形消化残渣が水または前記水溶液と混合される前に、前記固形消化残渣に添加される、請求項15〜18のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水溶液が、前記固形消化残渣と混合される前に前記1つまたは複数の添加物を含む、請求項15〜19のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水性分散液に通気する前記ステップが、0.5m3〜5.0m3の通気媒体/100Lの水/時間の範囲の速度で、通気媒体を陽圧で前記水性分散液中を通過させることを含む、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水性分散液に通気する前記ステップが、最大4日間期間行われる請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
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PCT/AU2012/001508 WO2013086561A1 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-12-10 | Process, apparatus and system for treatment of animal effluent |
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AUPR104100A0 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2000-11-16 | Organic Resource Technologies Ltd | New improved method and apparatus for aerating organic material during aerobic treatment |
DE10114740A1 (de) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-09-26 | Alfred Schymalla | Verfahren zur Konversion biogener Stoffe |
US8092680B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2012-01-10 | Landmark Structures I, Lp | System and method for anaerobic digestion of biomasses |
FR2924441A1 (fr) | 2007-12-04 | 2009-06-05 | Yves Lebesgue | Procede de bio-traitement de matieres organiques a des fins de production de bio-gaz et de compost |
US20100010089A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Don Calvin Van Dyke | System and method for production and use of fulvic acid |
KR101175287B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-08-20 | (주)비케이 | 축분 또는 축분슬러지를 이용한 축분탄 및 그 제조방법 |
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CN104105396B (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
AU2012350345B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
US20140338411A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
AU2012350345A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
JP2015505722A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
MY167600A (en) | 2018-09-20 |
CN104105396A (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2790485A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
WO2013086561A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
EP2790485A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
US9260351B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
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