JP6095606B2 - Indoor air conditioning method, indoor air conditioning unit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an indoor air-conditioning method and an indoor air-conditioning apparatus using the indoor air-conditioning method.

  As an indoor air-conditioning apparatus for maintaining a comfortable temperature environment with little temperature difference at any place in the indoor space, there is an air-conditioning apparatus that circulates hot water as a heat medium under the floor disclosed in Patent Document 1 by the present inventor. The indoor air-conditioning apparatus according to Patent Document 1 embeds the heated hot water or the copper pipe that flows through the cooled water disposed under the floor in the cinder concrete, and maintains the equilibrium between the hot water and the room temperature. Room heating or cooling is performed. And this indoor air conditioner is controlling so that the water of the flow volume of 50 liters may flow in a copper pipe with the flow rate of 1.5 m / sec per minute.

Japanese Patent No. 2771955

  According to the indoor air-conditioning apparatus described in Patent Literature 1, the control of the indoor temperature is improved as compared with the case of using an earlier air-conditioning apparatus. However, since a large amount of hot water of 50 liters per minute is circulated through the copper pipe at a high speed of 1.5 m per second, it deteriorates due to wear on the inner wall of the copper pipe and other pipe inner walls (for example, holes are opened in the copper pipe) It is predicted that the In addition, when the heat insulation around the room other than the floor is not sufficient, the temperature of the room tends to fluctuate due to the temperature movement between the room and the outside, and appropriate temperature control tends to be difficult.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and is intended to provide an indoor air-conditioning method and an indoor air-conditioning apparatus that are capable of efficiently cooling and heating a room, that facilitate temperature control, and that have high durability. Is.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the indoor air-conditioning method of the present invention arranges cinder concrete, which is a heat insulating material, under the indoor floor surrounded by a heat insulating material, and distributes the pipe body embedded in the cinder concrete. Water to flow at a flow rate of 0.2 m / second to 0.8 m / second, and the flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port with respect to the water tube is within 0.5 ° C. The temperature of the water is controlled so that the temperature difference with respect to the desired floor surface temperature is within 10 ° C. during heating, and within minus 7 ° C. during cooling, and the water is constantly circulated through the pipe to control the room temperature. Control, detect the temperature of the water at the return port, use the detected temperature to intermittently operate the heat exchanger, and adjust the water so that the difference between the water temperature and the floor surface temperature is within 5 ° C. We will control the temperature .

  In addition to the above invention, it is preferable that the flow rate is 0.4 m / second to 0.6 m / second and the flow rate of water flowing in the pipe body is 15 liter / minute to 20 liter / minute.

In addition, the indoor air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention is an indoor air-conditioning system that is installed in a building structure in which a pipe body through which water flows is embedded in cinder concrete, which is a heat insulating material, and a room is surrounded by a heat insulating material. An apparatus comprising a heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of water and a pump for sending water to the pipe body, the pipe body having a flow rate of 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m / sec. The flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port with respect to the water tube is within 0.5 ° C, and the temperature difference with respect to the desired floor surface temperature is within 10 ° C during heating. so as to control the temperature of the water so that within minus 7 ° C. at the time of cooling, water was always circulated in the tube body to control the room temperature, to detect the temperature of the water in the return port unit, the detected temperature So that the heat exchanger is operated intermittently so that the difference between the water temperature and the floor surface temperature is within 5 ° C. Controlling the temperature of the water, and it.

  Moreover, in addition to the said invention, it is preferable that the building structure is heat-insulated by the heat insulating material under a floor, a roof part, and an outer wall part.

  Further, in addition to the above invention, the building structure is heat-insulated on the underfloor heat insulating material and the roof portion, the outer wall portion and the ceiling portion, and on the ceiling portion, the heat insulating material is installed on the lower side of the ceiling base plate, It is preferable that the ceiling finishing material is installed under the heat insulating material.

Further, in addition to the above-described invention, a heat exchanger that controls the temperature of water and a pump that sends water to the pipe body have a flow rate of 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m / sec. The flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port with respect to the water pipe is within 0.5 ° C, and the temperature difference with respect to the desired floor surface temperature is 10 ° C during heating. It is preferable to control the temperature of the water so that it is within minus 7 ° C. during cooling so that the room temperature is constantly circulated through the pipe.

  In addition to the above invention, it is preferable that the flow rate is 0.4 m / second to 0.6 m / second and the flow rate of water flowing in the pipe body is 15 liter / minute to 20 liter / minute.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the whole structure of the indoor air-conditioning apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows a part of form of the copper pipe which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is front sectional drawing which shows the underfloor structure part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing visually recognized from the side surface direction with respect to FIG. It is structure explanatory drawing which shows typically the heat insulation structure in the common house (one-story) which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is structure explanatory drawing which shows typically a part of heat insulation structure of the building which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the underfloor structure of the 2nd floor according to embodiment of this invention. This is a measurement record (early winter early morning) in which the outside air temperature, room temperature, and hot water temperature are continuously measured. It is a measurement record (around noon in winter) that continuously measured the outside air temperature, room temperature, and hot water temperature. It is a measurement record (around summer noon) in which outside temperature, room temperature, and hot water temperature are continuously measured.

  Hereinafter, an indoor air-conditioning method and an indoor air-conditioning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The “cooling / heating” includes three types of cases where both cooling and heating are performed, only cooling is performed, and only heating is performed.

(Configuration of indoor air-conditioning apparatus 1)
Drawing 1 is an explanatory view showing the whole indoor air-conditioning system 1 composition concerning an embodiment of the invention. The indoor air conditioner 1 is a floor air conditioner that allows water as a heat medium to flow under the floor and enables indoor air conditioning and heating via a flooring. First, the configuration when the indoor air conditioner 1 is used as a heating device will be described according to the flow path of water (hot water) as a heat medium. As shown in FIG. 1, the indoor air conditioner 1 has a makeup water device 2 that takes in water from outside the building and stores it, and a boiler 3 as a heat exchanger for the heating system. A pump 4 is provided between the makeup water device 2 and the boiler 3, and water taken into the makeup water device 2 by the pump 4 is sent to the boiler 3. The water supply from the makeup water device 2 is performed by detecting the decrease when the circulated water decreases.

  Further, the indoor air conditioner 1 includes an outgoing pipe header 5 on the downstream side of the boiler 3 and a copper pipe 6 as a pipe body through which hot water heated to a predetermined temperature by the boiler 3 flows under the floor. The water heated by the boiler 3 and refluxed from the boiler 3 to the copper tube 6 and from the copper tube 6 to the boiler 3 is called hot water. In the present embodiment, the copper pipe 6 is constituted by two series of a copper pipe 7 and a copper pipe 8, and warm water is branched and passed through the copper pipe 7 and the copper pipe 8 by the forward pipe header 5. When laying the copper pipe 6 under the floor, the copper pipe 6 is arranged to meander at substantially equal intervals over the entire under floor in the room to be heated. The copper pipe 6 can be divided into one series or three or more series according to the size of the building (room), the partition configuration of the room to be heated, or the underfloor structure. An annular header 9 is provided on the downstream side of the copper tubes 7 and 8, and the annular header 9 collects hot water flowing through the copper tubes 7 and 8 into one passage and sends it to the boiler 3. . The pump 4, the boiler 3, the forward pipe header 5, the copper pipe 6, the annular pipe header 9, and the like constitute a heating system circulation mechanism for circulating hot water in the circuit. In FIG. 1, this circulation path is indicated by a thick solid arrow.

The circuit that circulates from the boiler 3 through the copper pipe 6 and back to the pump 4 is a closed circuit. It is possible to perform control such as switching the heating for each room by switching the flow of hot water using the outgoing pipe header 5. However, the heating effect (including the cooling effect described later) is enhanced when the hot water is always passed through both the copper pipe 7 and the copper pipe 8. In the case of heating the spacious interior of a factory or the like, depending on the ability of the boiler 3 and the pump 4 in accordance with the area that is capable of heating the 1000m ² ~1500m ^2. In that case, reverse-return piping will be used and an outgoing pipe header and a return pipe header will be added.

  A closed expansion tank 10 is connected to the boiler 3. The sealed expansion tank 10 has a function of absorbing expansion water in the boiler 3. The sealed expansion tank 10 absorbs the expansion water of the boiler 3 without touching the air, and suppresses oxidative corrosion in the copper pipe 6 due to contact with the air. In addition, a fuel tank (not shown) is connected to the boiler 3 to supply fuel to the boiler 3. Kerosene is generally used as the fuel for the boiler 3, but a boiler using propane gas (petroleum gas) or city gas (liquefied natural gas) can also be used. Alternatively, electric heat can be used as a heat exchanger, or hot spring heat can be used.

  In the present embodiment, the reason for using the copper pipe 6 as the pipe body is that the fluidity of the hot water is increased and the durability of the pipe body is taken into consideration. Of course, it is also possible to use a tube made of a material other than copper.

  In addition, although water as a heat medium can use ground water, natural flowing water, etc., it is preferable to use tap water from which bubbles are removed to some extent and whose water quality is controlled. By using tap water whose water quality is controlled, it can be expected that the corrosion of the copper pipe 6 is suppressed and the durability is improved. Although there is an antifreeze as a heat medium, it has a higher thermal conductivity (small specific heat) than tap water and poor fluidity, so it is not suitable for the indoor air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment. However, this does not apply to buildings that do not always live, such as villas.

  Next, the configuration when the indoor air conditioner 1 is used as a cooling device will be described according to the flow path of water as a heat medium with reference to FIG. In addition to the configuration of the heating apparatus described above, the indoor air conditioning apparatus 1 includes a cooling tower 11 as a cooling heat exchanger and a pump 12 between the makeup water device 2 and the outgoing pipe header 5. Yes. The water stored in the makeup water device 2 is sent to the cooling tower 11 (in FIG. 1, this circulation path is indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow). The water cooled by the cooling tower 11 is branched by the pump 12 at the forward pipe header 5 and flows into the copper pipe 7 and the copper pipe 8. The cooling tower 11, the pump 12, the outgoing pipe header 5, the copper pipe 6, the annular pipe header 9, and the like constitute a cooling system circulation mechanism that circulates hot water in the circuit. Circulation paths are formed so as to return from the cooling tower 11 to the pump 12, from the pump 12 to the copper pipe 6, and from the copper pipe 6 to the cooling tower 11. This circulation path is indicated by a dotted arrow in FIG. In the following description, both water heated for heating and water cooled for cooling are described as warm water.

  Natural energy can be used as a heat exchanger for cooling. As a method using natural energy, it is possible to use, for example, a small river near a building whose water temperature is lower than room temperature (for example, 25 ° C. or less) and a substantially constant flow rate, well water, or the like. In such a case, since the cooling pipe is laid in running water or well water of a small river to cool the water in the pipe, it is possible to suppress the capital investment more than the cooling tower 11. Moreover, a small chiller can be used as a heat exchanger for cooling, and the capital investment can be suppressed as compared with the cooling tower 11.

  The pump 4 and the pump 12 described above are selected according to a predetermined flow rate of hot water. For example, when the flow rate of hot water flowing through the circuit is 20 liters per minute, it is preferable to select a pump having a flow capacity of 20 liters per minute. In other words, the flow rate and flow rate corresponding to the pump capacity are controlled to appropriate values within a predetermined range.

  Note that a pump 13 is disposed in the makeup water device 2. Both the heating system circuit and the cooling system circuit through which the hot water circulates are closed circuits. Normally, if these circuits are completely sealed, it is not necessary to supply water. However, in reality, water is gradually reduced during the circulation. Therefore, when a decrease in hot water in the circuit is detected, the pump 13 is operated to supply water from the makeup water device 2 to the heating system circuit or the cooling system circuit.

  Three-way valves 14 and 15 are installed in the water flow circuit. The three-way valve 14 switches and controls the flow between the make-up water device 2 and the boiler 3 and the flow between the make-up water device 2 and the cooling tower 11. The three-way valve 15 switches and controls the flow between the boiler 3 and the copper pipe 6 and the flow between the cooling tower 11 and the copper pipe 30. By supplying water to the boiler 3 from the make-up water device 2, the boiler 3 becomes operable, and by supplying water to the cooling tower 11, the cooling tower 11 can be operated. Thus, the three-way valve 14 and the three-way valve 15 may be switched between heating and cooling in winter and summer.

  In the water flow circuit, the pipe body at the entrance for feeding water into the copper pipe 6 is referred to as the forward pipe section 16, and the pipe body at the return port from which water is circulated from the copper pipe 6 is referred to as the return pipe section 17. The outgoing pipe section 16 is a concept including the outgoing pipe header 5 and a flow path before and after the outgoing pipe header 5, and the return pipe section 17 has a flow path before and after the return pipe header 9 and the return pipe header 9. It is a concept that includes roads. The return pipe unit 17 is provided with a sensor (not shown) for detecting the temperature of the warm water that has been refluxed inside or in the vicinity thereof. This sensor is mainly used for temperature detection during cooling, and temperature detection during heating is performed by a temperature sensor installed in the boiler 3.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the form of the copper tube 6 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower floor portion of the present embodiment includes a structure in which a large drawing material 20 and a joist 21 are combined like a cross beam, and a copper tube 6 is disposed between adjacent joists 21. Is done. Since the copper pipe 7 and the copper pipe 8 have the same configuration among the copper pipes 6, the copper pipe 7 is illustrated in FIG. 2.

  The copper tube 7 includes a straight tube portion 7a and a curved portion 7b. The curved portion 7b is a folded portion of the meandering copper tube 7, and is curved in a semicircular shape as shown in FIG. In piping construction, it is necessary to reduce the change in the inner diameter of the tubular body at the connecting portion between the straight pipe portion 7a and the curved portion 7b so that warm water can flow smoothly. When the flow rate of hot water is large, if the diameter changes at the connecting part of the straight pipe part 7a and the curved part 7b, the flow of water is hindered at this connecting part, and vortex flow and bubbles are generated, resulting in smooth water circulation. In addition to being hindered, the sound of water flowing may be generated, causing discomfort. In addition, the generation of bubbles impairs the durability of the copper pipe 6 (copper pipe 7 and copper pipe 8). For this reason, when connecting the straight pipe portion 7a and the bending portion 7b, as shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the connecting end portion 7c of the receiving-side straight pipe portion 7a is slightly increased, and the bending portion 7b is connected to the straight pipe portion 7a. The inner diameter should not change when inserted and connected. In addition, you may make it connect by connecting a socket to the outer periphery by abutting the connection end of the pipe body of the same diameter.

In addition, in the hot water flow circuit, when the valve is attached to the pipe body, it is preferable to select a valve having the same inner diameter dimension of the pipe body. When a large amount of water is circulated, a water hammer (shock) is generated when the valve is closed, which may cause the pipe body to deteriorate by impacting the pipe body. Therefore, it is preferable to use a valve having an inner diameter that does not cause such a water hammer when the valve is closed. The curvature radius of the curved portion 7b of the copper tube 7 is, for example, 100 mm or 150 mm, and is selected in accordance with the pitch between the joist materials 21 (in the structure not using the joist material 21). To do. Moreover, it is also possible to arbitrarily combine those having a curvature radius of 100 mm and those having a curvature radius of 150 mm. Thus, the hot water can be passed in a laminar flow state by increasing the radius of the curved portion 7a and controlling the flow rate of the hot water to 0.8 m or less.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, the internal diameter dimension of the copper pipe 6 is set to the range of 22 mm-28 mm. The inner diameter of a copper tube generally used from the past is 8 mm to 16 mm. In the present embodiment, the reason for using the large-diameter copper tube 6 is to increase the flow rate of water to be passed through the tube body and the total capacity in the tube as much as possible while suppressing the flow rate of water. Then, the heat insulation structure of an underfloor structure part is demonstrated.

FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view showing the underfloor structure portion in the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view seen from the side direction with respect to FIG. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the underfloor structure part of the present embodiment is characterized in that a heat insulating structure is formed on the upper surface of the foundation concrete 22 on which normally used concrete is placed. On the upper surface of the foundation concrete 22, a copper pipe 6 is arranged in a structure in which the large draw material 20 and the joist 21 are assembled so as to be orthogonal to each other at a constant interval. The pipe 6 is buried with cinder concrete 23. The copper pipe 6 is embedded in the cinder concrete 23 in a state where the copper pipe 6 is disposed so as to be bridged on the upper surface of the large draw material 20. The floor finishing material 24 is assembled so as to be in close contact with the upper surface of the cinder concrete 23. The floor finish 24 is assembled so as to crosslink the joist 21. It should be noted that, between the cinder concrete 23 and floor coverings 24, may be in the structure in which to place the underfloor member. 3, the structure shown in FIG. 4 shows a structure using a floor covering 24, tatami floor coverings, in the case of using a carpet or carpet, is omitted Obiki member 20 and joist member 2 1, It is possible to adopt a structure in which these floor finishing materials are directly laid on the upper surface of the cinder concrete 23. Moreover, since the said underfloor structure part may be changed according to the intended purpose of a building (room), in that case, a structure is adjusted between the contractor so that the target heat insulation effect can be exhibited.

  Further, in the underfloor space between the cinder concrete 23 and the foundation concrete 22, a heat insulating material such as an extruded polystyrene foam 25 (for example, Styro Home: registered trademark) is laid without a gap.

Cinder concrete 23 is obtained by mixing ceramic particles as a special heat conductor and kneading them together. In the present embodiment, obsidian perlite is used as the ceramic granular material. And the thing of the following compositions is used as a suitable mixing ratio of the cinder concrete 23. FIG. The mixing ratio was as follows: cement: 480 g, river sand: 165 kg (0.1 m ³ ), obsidian perlite 1000 liters, waterproofing agent 18 liters as additive, water cement ratio 60%. Strength of cinder concrete 23 of such mixing ratio becomes approximately ^{80kg / cm 2 ~100kg / cm 2} . However, the use of river sand may be restricted depending on the construction site. Obsidian pearlite used as a heat conductor is formed into a granular body having a diameter of about 2 mm. When comparing the thermal conductivity of the cinder concrete 23 of the present embodiment and the concrete generally used (for example, the basic concrete 22), the thermal conductivity of the basic concrete 22 is 0.8 w / m · k to 1.4 w. The thermal conductivity of the cinder concrete according to the present embodiment is 0.2 w / m · k to 0.4 w / m · k. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the cinder concrete 23 of the present embodiment is about 1/3 that of the basic concrete 22 and has high heat insulation.

  In addition, in the conventional general floor heating apparatus, a heat sink is often attached to the pipe body to facilitate heat dissipation. However, in this embodiment, the copper pipe 6 is placed in the cinder concrete 23 without providing the heat sink. Buried in Since the cinder concrete 23 has a high heat insulating effect, the temperature of the hot water in the copper pipe 6 can be maintained by the cinder concrete 23.

  The specific gravity of the foundation concrete 22 is about 1.8 to 2.2, and the specific gravity of general cinder concrete (so-called lightweight concrete) is about 1.2. On the other hand, the cinder concrete 23 of the present embodiment has a specific gravity of 0.8 to 1.0. Therefore, the specific gravity of the cinder concrete 23 is 1/2 or less that of general concrete and 3/4 or less that of general lightweight concrete, and the weight load of the building can be suppressed. For this reason, it becomes advantageous when the bottom of the house is a parking lot or when it is installed on the second floor.

  The construction of the under-floor structure part is completed by attaching the floor finishing material 24 after the cinder concrete 23 is poured and solidified on (around) the copper pipe 6. A method of laying a carpet, a carpet, a tatami mat, a tile or the like instead of the floor finish 24 is also possible. In addition, it is said that the cinder concrete 23 after hardening is easy to dry and absorb moisture, and to be easily cracked. However, in the present embodiment, the strength of the building is complemented by another structure. Also, in order to prevent cement lye from flowing out as much as possible when cinder concrete 23 is placed, and to prevent moisture from being absorbed when dried, polystyrene foam 25 and cinder concrete are used. A plastic sheet 26 is laid between 23. A moisture proof sheet or the like may be laid instead of the plastic sheet 26.

  Only the copper pipe 6 is embedded in the cinder concrete 23, and a different kind of metal other than copper, such as a heat sink, is not embedded. This is because, when different kinds of metals are mixed in the cinder concrete 23, an electrolytic corrosion action occurs between the different kinds of metals and the metal is attacked. When only the copper pipe 6 is embedded in the cinder concrete 23, since the cement as a base material is weakly alkaline, the copper pipe 6 is protected, and the copper pipe 6 is hardly corroded and has improved durability.

As described above, since the cinder concrete 23 is excellent in heat insulation, it suppresses heat conduction from the copper pipe 6 to the floor surface and acts so as not to let the heat escape from the copper pipe 6. The cinder concrete 23 thus has a heat insulating action and a heat storage action as functions . Therefore, in the construction, the mixing thickness of the cinder concrete 23 and the mixing ratio of the constituent materials must be appropriately managed.

  In the present embodiment, the overall thickness of the cinder concrete 23 having an underfloor structure is 90 mm. Then, the copper tube 6 is laid at a height position of 20 mm from the lower surface of the cinder concrete 23 (that is, the upper surface of the large pulling material 20), and the cinder cockleat 23 is driven so as to cover the periphery of the copper tube 6. Yes. For example, if the outer diameter of the copper tube 6 is 30 mm, the thickness from the upper surface of the copper tube 6 to the upper surface of the cinder concrete 23 is 40 mm. In this example, the thickness of the large pulling material 20 is 120 mm, and the thickness of the joist material 21 is 70 mm. Moreover, the measurement record which measured the temperature of each part in the room mentioned later is a thing at the time of designing in this way. If normal mortar concrete or ready-mixed concrete is used as the concrete in which the copper pipe 6 is embedded, these concretes have high heat conductivity, and thus heat dissipation increases, which impairs the heating effect and increases maintenance costs. End up. As described above, the copper pipe 6 is embedded in the cinder concrete 23 and the floor finish lower material 24 is brought into close contact with the cinder concrete 23, whereby the balance between the hot water temperature and the floor surface temperature is maintained.

  In order to effectively operate the indoor air conditioning apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, in order to suppress heat radiation from the building itself to be air-conditioned (that is, the room to be cooled and heated), the heat insulation of the building itself is required. It needs to be raised. Next, the heat insulation structure of the building itself will be described.

(Insulation structure of building)
FIG. 5 is a structural explanatory view schematically showing a heat insulating structure in a general house (one-story) according to the present embodiment. In the structure shown in FIG. 5, a heat insulating layer 31 is provided on the back side of the roof of the roof portion 30, and a heat insulating layer 33 is provided on the outer wall portion 32. Further, a heat insulating layer 35 is provided on the back side of the hut of the ceiling portion 34, and a heat insulating layer 37 is disposed on the partition wall 36. The underfloor structure employs the heat insulating structure described with reference to FIGS. An extruded polystyrene foam 27 is disposed inside the side wall 22 a of the foundation concrete 22 and intersects the heat insulating layer 33 of the outer wall portion 32. Cinder concrete 23 is filled and placed through an extruded polystyrene foam 27 in a region surrounded by the side wall 22a. Furthermore, it is more preferable that an extruded polystyrene foam is disposed on the outer side surface of the side wall 22a and the outer side surface is protected with mortar or the like. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the underfloor structure portion of the present embodiment is filled with the above various heat insulating materials so that there is no space between the foundation concrete 22 and the floor finishing material 24. In addition, for the heat insulation layers of the two rooms and the back of the hut (the roof portion 30 and the ceiling portion 34) partitioned by the partition wall 36, appropriate heat insulating materials corresponding to each of them are used. Accordingly, it is possible to enhance the cooling effect and the heating effect of the indoor air conditioner 1 by suppressing the influence of the room from the outside.

  Next, the structure of the roof part 30, the outer wall part 32, the ceiling part 34, and the partition wall 36 of the building shown in FIG. 5 will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the structure shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and can be changed depending on the structure of the building and the construction method.

  FIG. 6 is a structural explanatory view schematically showing a part of the heat insulating structure of the building according to the present embodiment. First, the heat insulation structure of the roof part 30 is demonstrated. The roof portion 30 is provided with a field board 43 on the upper surface side of a ventilation rafter 42 assembled so as to pass between the purlin 40 and the eaves girder 41 and a roof frame 44 on the upper layer thereof. A moisture-proof sheet 45 is laid between the field board 43 and the roof covering material 44. A ground plate 46 is assembled on the lower surface side of the ventilation rafter 42, and an air passage 47 is formed between the field plate 43 and the ground plate 46. The ventilation path 47 communicates with the opening of the ventilation ridge 48 at the roof top. In FIG. 6, the flow of air flowing through the ventilation path 47 is indicated by an arrow, but it may flow in the opposite direction in summer and winter, and natural flow of air accompanying expansion and contraction of air. Is to encourage. Such a roof structure is used for a general building structure, and can be applied to a dormitory structure or a gable structure. The heat insulating layer 31 of the roof portion 30 is formed by spraying foamed urethane 49 with a thickness of about 100 mm on the base plate 46 from the back side of the cabin.

  Next, the heat insulation structure of the outer wall part 32 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 6, in the outer wall portion 32, a heat insulating layer 33 is provided between an outer wall 55 that contacts outside air and an inner wall 56 on the indoor side. The heat insulating layer 33 has glass wool 57 having a thickness of 100 mm disposed on the inner wall 55 side, and between the glass wool 57 and the outer wall 55 is filled with urethane foam 58 by a spraying method. Thus, the heat insulating layer 33 is formed between the outer wall 55 and the inner wall 56 so that there is no gap between the glass wool 57 and the urethane foam 58.

Next, the heat insulation structure of the ceiling part 34 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 6, the ceiling portion 34 has a ceiling base plate 61 attached to a suspension tree 60, and an extruded polystyrene foam 62 as a heat insulating material is attached to the ceiling base plate 61 from the indoor side so that the heat insulating layer 35 is attached. Is configured. A ceiling finishing material 63 is attached from the indoor side of the extruded polystyrene foam 62. Extruded polystyrene foam 62 has a thickness of at least 50 mm. The extruded polystyrene foam 62 is constructed so that there is no gap between the back of the cabin and the room. As the heat insulating material, in addition to extruded polystyrene foam 62 may be such as glass wool or urethane foam or a rigid urethane foam follower over arm. In addition, foamed urethane 49 is sprayed on the inside of the eaves beam 41. By disposing the heat insulating material on the ceiling portion 34 in this way, a structure that reflects the radiant heat from the floor surface is formed at the same time as suppressing the temperature shift between the room and the back of the cabin.

  Next, the heat insulating structure of the partition wall 36 will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, glass wool 57 is disposed as a heat insulating layer 37 between the one indoor wall 65 and the other indoor wall 66 on the partition wall 36 without any gap. In this way, by arranging the heat insulating material also on the partition wall 36, a structure that reflects the radiant heat from the floor surface is formed at the same time as the temperature movement between the partitioned rooms is suppressed.

  Although not shown in the drawings, between the roof portion 30 and the outer wall portion 32, between the outer wall portion 32 and the ceiling portion 34, and between the outer wall portion 32 and the underfloor structure, blowing urethane foam is omitted. Eliminate gaps during construction.

  The building structure described above surrounds the interior of the underfloor structure portion shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the roof portion 30 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the outer wall portion 32, the ceiling portion 34, and the partition wall 36. Insulation is done. In order to obtain a desired indoor heating and cooling effect, it is preferable to use a heat insulating structure for at least the roof 30 and the outer wall 32 in addition to the underfloor structure. It is more preferable to employ a heat insulating structure for the ceiling portion 34 and the partition wall 36. In addition, although the heat insulation structure may act other than those described above, the above structure is preferable. The heat insulating structure of each part of the present embodiment can be applied to buildings having an S structure (steel structure), an RC structure (reinforced concrete structure), and an SRC structure (steel reinforced concrete structure).

  In addition, in the case of a structure having a window in a building, for example, it is preferable to use a double glazing or a double sash as the window structure. In such a case, it is preferable to use a material having excellent heat insulation such as a resin frame or a wooden frame, and it is possible to increase the heat insulation effect by constructing the frame having high heat insulation so as to be in close contact with the inner wall 56. It will be. In addition, since these sashes are heavy, it is preferable to avoid external and anti-external structures and to adopt internal structures.

  Moreover, although the building demonstrated above illustrated the common one-story house, it is applicable also to buildings, such as 2 stories and 3 stories. In the case of such a multi-layered building structure, it is desirable to have two or more floors by adopting the above-described underfloor heat insulation structure and ceiling heat insulation structure between the floors (one is the floor and the other is the ceiling). It becomes possible to control at the temperature. The structure will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the underfloor structure of the second floor according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, under the second floor, a 28 mm thick plywood 71 is stretched in a region surrounded by a girder 70 and a trunk difference (not shown). An extruded polystyrene foam 73 is laid on the upper surface of the plywood 71, and cinder concrete 74 is placed on top of the extruded polystyrene foam 73. The copper pipe 6 is embedded in the cinder concrete 74, but is disposed at a position where the thickness from the copper pipe 6 to the upper surface of the cinder concrete 74 is at least 20 mm. The cinder concrete 74 is composed of cement, obsidian perlite, waterproofing agent and water cement as additives. This composition is obtained by removing river sand from cinder concrete 23 used in the first floor underfloor structure. The thermal conductivity of the cinder concrete 74 is lowered by removing river sand. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the extruded polystyrene foam 73 is 50 mm, and the thickness of the cinder concrete 74 is 70 mm. In addition, it is preferable to lay a plastic sheet (not shown) between the extruded polystyrene foam 73 and the cinder concrete 74. The floor finish 75 is laid at a position 2 mm to 3 mm lower than the outer periphery of the cinder concrete 74.

The thickness of the cinder concrete 23 in the first floor underfloor structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 was 90 mm, but the weight of the cinder concrete 74 on the second floor was reduced to 70 mm, thereby reducing the weight. The weight load is reduced. The load capacity of a general wooden building is 180 kg / m ² , but the weight of the cinder concrete 74 is 70 kg / m ² or less, and there is a sufficient margin for the load resistance. As the plywood 71, one having a thickness of 28 mm having sufficient strength to withstand the weight of the cinder concrete 74 is used. Since the cinder concrete 74 is filled and placed over the entire plane of the second floor, it has a structure that receives the force in the horizontal direction over the entire surface, and therefore has a large horizontal load resistance and high earthquake resistance. Will be provided.

  In a two-story building as shown in FIG. 7, a heat insulating structure is provided on the ceiling portion 80 on the first floor room side. After attaching the field edge 72 to the lower surface of the girder 70, the ceiling part 80 attaches the ceiling base plate 82 to the suspension 81 attached downward from the field edge 72, and the extruded polystyrene foam 83 from the first floor indoor side. After being attached to the entire bottom surface so as to be in close contact with the ceiling base plate 82, the ceiling finishing material 84 is attached from the indoor side. The ceiling finishing material 84 is attached to the field edge 72 using a ceiling finishing material 84, an extruded polystyrene foam 83, and a mounting bracket (not shown) that penetrates the ceiling base plate 82. The ceiling base plate 82 and the extruded polystyrene foam 83, and the extruded polystyrene foam 83 and the ceiling finishing material 84 are constructed so that there is no gap between them. Note that urethane foam 49 is sprayed on the inside of the beam 70 on the outer wall 32 side.

  Even in a two-story building, as in the case of the one-story building described above, the outer wall portion 32 has a glass wool 57 (thickness 100 mm) and urethane foam 58 between the outer wall 55 and the inner wall 56 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to adopt a heat insulating structure using (thickness 20 mm to 30 mm). It is preferable to employ the heat insulating structure shown in FIG. When constructing, when a gap is formed in the joint portion, it is preferable to close the gap in the joint portion by urethane foam spraying construction.

  For indoor heating of a multi-story building such as a two-story or a three-story building, the boiler 3 and the pump 4 are disposed at a position suitable for the head of the pump 4. For example, it is possible to arrange the pump 4 at the second floor position and to flow through the copper pipe 6 on each floor. In such a case, the reverse return type piping as described above is used. At this time, the boiler 3 can also be arranged at the same position as the pump 4.

(Indoor air-conditioning method using the indoor air-conditioning apparatus 1)
First, a heating method using the indoor air conditioner 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of heating, first, the flow path to the cooling tower 11 is closed by the three-way valve 14 so that the makeup water device 2 and the boiler 3 communicate with each other. Further, the flow path from the cooling tower 11 is closed by the three-way valve 15 so that the boiler 30 and the copper pipe 6 communicate with each other. Thus, the hot water circulation path is formed and the pump 4 is operated.

  After pump operation, the water being sent is heated by the boiler 3 so that the temperature difference with respect to the floor surface temperature is within 10 ° C, preferably within 7 ° C, more preferably within 5 ° C, and the outgoing pipe header 5, hot water is passed through the copper pipe 6.

  In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the copper pipe 6 (copper pipe 7 and copper pipe 8) is set to 22 mm to 28 mm, and the flowing water amount is 15 liters to 20 liters per minute. Furthermore, the flow rate of hot water is set to 0.4 m / sec to 0.6 m / sec. Since the amount of water discharged when the water faucet of a general house is fully opened is about 13 to 20 liters per minute, the flow rate of water flowing through the copper pipe 6 in this embodiment is the amount of water discharged from the water supply. Almost comparable. The flow rate may be in the range of 10 liters / minute to 30 liters / minute. The flow rate may be in the range of 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m / sec, or may be refluxed 100 m in 1.5 to 3.5 minutes.

  In order to enhance the heating effect, a large amount of water as a heat medium should be allowed to flow slowly and slowly, there must be a large amount of hot water in the heating circuit, and the water temperature in this region should be almost constant. It is important to be. This hot water temperature depends on the time during which the hot water circulates in the circuit. On the premise that the underfloor heat insulation structure according to the present embodiment is used, for example, when the piping length of the hot water flow circuit is 100 m, the copper pipe can be circulated in about 1.5 to 3.5 minutes. 6, the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe portion 16 and the return pipe portion 17 can be suppressed to within 0.2 ° C. to 0.3 ° C. (at most, within 0.5 ° C.).

  Since the time required to circulate one cycle of hot water depends on the pipe length, the pipe diameter and pipe length of the heating system circuit are set in consideration of the flow rate and flow velocity in the construction. And the said flow volume and flow velocity are controlled so that the temperature difference of the outward pipe part 16 and the return pipe part 17 may be within 0.5 degreeC, Preferably, it is within 0.3 degreeC. That is, the inner diameter of the copper tube 6 is set to 22 mm to 28 mm, and hot water having a flow rate of 15 liters to 20 liters per minute is flow velocity of 0.2 m / second to 0.8 m / second, preferably 0.4 m / second to 0. The flow rate is adjusted to 6 m / sec, and the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 is adjusted to within 0.5 ° C. by adjusting the pipe diameter of the heating system circuit, the pipe length, and the capacity of the pump 4. .

  Hot water refluxed from the copper pipe 6 is passed to the pump 4 through the ring pipe header 9. When the predetermined flow rate is not ensured in the flow by the pump 4, the predetermined flow rate is always ensured by supplying water from the makeup water device 2 by the pump 13. Next, a measurement record when the indoor air conditioner 1 is operated as a heating device will be described.

(Explanation of heating measurement record)
FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are measurement records when the outside air temperature, the room temperature, and the hot water temperature are continuously measured during heating, and FIG. 8 shows from 3 to 8 in the early morning in winter (February). FIG. 9 shows the measurement record from 9 o'clock to 15 o'clock around noon the next day. As the measurement records, the outside air temperature during that time period, the hot water temperature of the outgoing pipe section 16, the hot water temperature of the return pipe section 17 (measurement records below the hot water temperature of the outgoing pipe section 16 in FIGS. 8 and 9), and the floor surface It represents the temperature and the room temperature at a position 50 cm above the floor, a position 120 cm above the floor, and 240 cm above the floor (near the ceiling). As conditions at this time, the inner diameter dimension of the copper tube 6 is 28 mm, the flow rate range is 15 liters to 20 liters per minute, and the flow velocity range is 0.4 m / sec to 0.6 m / sec. It is adjusted by the pipe diameter of the heating system circuit, the pipe length, and the ability of the boiler 3. As the heating system equipment, the boiler capacity was 3200 kcal / H, the flow capacity of the pump 4 was 20 liters / minute, and the lift was 5 m. The measurement records shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are actual measurement records when the boiler 3 and the pump 4 are always operated for 24 hours a day. As the building structure, a heat insulating structure as shown in FIG. 6 is adopted. The normal operation means that the boiler 3 is intermittently fired by setting the ignition temperature and the extinguishing temperature, and the pump 4 is continuously operated.

  For example, when the temperature difference between ignition and extinguishing is 5 ° C., the boiler 3 starts combustion when the temperature of the return pipe 17 reaches 26 ° C. and extinguishes when 31 ° C. The operating conditions are set to repeat the cycle. The boiler 3 is provided with a temperature sensor, and measures the temperature of hot water flowing into the boiler 3 to control the timing of ignition and extinguishing. As shown in FIG. 8, the outside temperature gradually decreases from before 3 o'clock to around 6:45, becomes minus 10 ° C. at 5 o'clock, and then gradually decreases and then gradually increases. . The outside air temperature is measured at two locations on the north side and south side of the building. Between 3:00 and 6:00, there is almost no difference in the outside temperature between the north and south sides. After 6:45, the south side outside air temperature is higher than the north side outside air temperature due to the effect of sunshine, and the variation in measured values becomes large due to the south wind.

  Description will be made by paying attention to the temperature of each part from 2:30 am to 8:30 am around 6 am. In the measurement record in this time zone, the difference in the hot water temperature between the outgoing pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 is about 0.3 ° C. (however, there is about 2 ° C. immediately after boiler combustion). The time until the warm water temperature of the return pipe part 17 reaches from 26 ° C. to 31 ° C. (in FIG. 8, the time from the lowest temperature of the return pipe part temperature to the highest temperature located on the left side) is about 5 minutes, It can be seen that the combustion time of the boiler 3 is about 120 minutes out of 24 hours per day because one cycle from the start to the extinguishing is about 60 minutes. Since the heating system is always in operation, the floor surface temperature decreases to about 23 ° C, although it decreases slightly due to the outside air temperature, from 2:30 am to around 8:00 am affected by sunlight. It is kept. The temperature difference between the 50 cm position and the 120 cm position is approximately 1 ° C., and the temperature at each floor height position is maintained at approximately 16 ° C. while being substantially parallel to the floor surface temperature. At a position of 240 cm above the floor, the temperature is maintained at about 18 ° C. while being substantially parallel to the floor surface temperature. Further, when the hot water temperature is 31 ° C. with respect to the floor surface temperature of 23 ° C., the difference between the floor surface temperature and the hot water temperature is about 8 ° C. Therefore, if the circulation mechanism of the heating system is always operated, even if the hot water temperature is changed from 26 ° C. to 31 ° C. by the boiler 3, the floor surface temperature and the temperature at the height position from each floor in the room are changed. There are almost no. From the above, it is appropriate to set the difference between the hot water temperature during ignition and the hot water temperature during fire extinguishing in the boiler 3 to 5 to 8 ° C.

  Next, the temperature relationship of each part around 12:00 will be described with reference to FIG. The combustion setting conditions of the boiler 3 are not changed. In the measurement record of FIG. 9, the passage of time is continuous with the measurement record of FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the outside air temperature gradually increases from 9 o'clock to 14 o'clock, and a temperature peak exists between 12 o'clock and 14 o'clock. The difference in the outside air temperature during this period is large between the north side of the building and the south side of the building. The south outside temperature rises to around + 6 ° C because it is strongly affected by sunlight, and the north side outside temperature is only affected by sunlight and rises only to around + 3 ° C between 8:30 am and 3 pm. The floor surface temperature rises as the outside air temperature rises, but is kept in the range of 23 ° C. to 24.5 ° C. because the circulation mechanism of the heating system is always operated. The temperature at each floor height position is the majority of this time zone, and the temperature difference between the 50 cm position and the 120 cm position and the 240 cm position on the floor is about 1 ° C or less, and changes along with the transition of the floor surface temperature. However, it is kept at 17.5 ° C. to 22 ° C., and is kept at 21 ° C. to 22 ° C. and 20 ° C. around 13:00. In addition, as the outside air temperature gradually decreases after 15:00, the floor surface temperature and the temperature at each floor height position start to gradually decrease, but show almost the same tendency as the early morning time zone shown in FIG. It has been confirmed.

  When the boiler 3 is operated under the combustion setting conditions described above and the pump 4 is continuously operated, the change in the floor surface temperature is about 2 ° C. when the outside air temperature is in the range of minus 10 ° C. to + 3 ° C. (+ 6 ° C. on the south side). It can be said that there is no major fluctuation. In the example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the operating conditions are set so that the boiler 3 burns when the hot water temperature is 26 ° C. and extinguishes when the hot water temperature is 31 ° C. That is, when the desired indoor temperature reference is the floor surface temperature, the boiler 3 may be operated to burn so that the hot water temperature is 1.5 ° C. to 8 ° C. higher than the floor surface temperature. Moreover, since the floor surface temperature is low in the range of 1.5 ° C. to 3 ° C. with respect to the lowest value of the hot water temperature (the temperature of the return pipe section 17), the hot water temperature of the return pipe section 17 is detected. Correct the difference and replace it with the floor surface temperature. The temperature setting for controlling the ignition and extinguishing of the boiler 3 can be freely set according to the desired room temperature.

  Next, a cooling method using the indoor air conditioner 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of cooling, first, the flow path to the boiler 3 is closed by the three-way valve 14 to allow communication between the makeup water device 2 and the cooling tower 11. Further, the flow path from the boiler 3 is closed by the three-way valve 15, while the flow path from the cooling tower 11 is released to allow communication between the cooling tower 11 and the copper pipe 6. The pump 12 and the cooling tower 11 are operated by forming such a hot water circulation path. The water sent to the cooling tower 11 is cooled so that the temperature difference with respect to the floor surface temperature is within 7 ° C, preferably within 5 ° C. Then, the cooled water is passed through the copper pipe 6 through the outgoing pipe header 5.

  In the present embodiment, the inner diameter dimension, the amount of flowing water, and the flow velocity of the copper pipe 6 (copper pipe 7 and copper pipe 8) are the same as the heating conditions described above. In order to enhance the cooling effect, a large amount of hot water as a heat medium is passed slowly. Accordingly, when the piping length of the cooling system circuit is 100 m, the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 is suppressed to within 0.5 ° C. if circulation is performed in about 1.5 to 3.5 minutes. It is possible.

  Since the time required for one cycle of hot water depends on the pipe length, the pipe diameter and pipe length of the cooling system circuit and the capacity of the pump 12 are set in consideration of the flow rate and flow velocity in the construction. That is, the flow rate and flow velocity are controlled so that the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 is within 0.5 ° C. (preferably within 0.3 ° C.). In the present embodiment, as in the heating system, the inner diameter of the copper tube 6 is set to 22 mm to 28 mm, and hot water having a flow rate of 15 liters to 20 liters per minute is supplied at a flow rate of 0.4 m / second to 0.6 m / second. The pipe diameter and the pipe length of the cooling system circuit are adjusted so that the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 of the copper pipe 6 is within 0.5 ° C.

  Hot water recirculated from the copper pipe 6 is passed to the cooling tower 11 via the ring pipe header 9. When a predetermined flow rate is not ensured in the flow by the pump 12, water is replenished from the makeup water device 2 by the pump 13, and a predetermined flow rate is always ensured. Next, a measurement record when the indoor air conditioner 1 is operated as a cooling device will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, a cooling tower 11 is used as a cooling heat exchanger, and the room temperature is controlled by operating the cooling tower 11 while the cooling system circulation mechanism (the cooling tower 11 and the pump 12) is always operated. To control. The cooling system circuit is a closed circuit, and hot water is constantly circulated in the circuit by the pump 12 at a constant flow rate and a constant flow rate. In the present embodiment, the room temperature is managed based on the floor surface temperature as in the heating system. The difference of the temperature of the warm water cooled with respect to the floor surface temperature (the temperature of the return pipe portion 17) is set to be within 7 ° C. However, this temperature difference may be within 10 ° C., but if the hot water temperature is 7 ° C. or more lower than the floor surface temperature, the floor surface is condensed, so this temperature difference is within 7 ° C. When the floor surface temperature becomes higher than the desired floor surface temperature, the hot water cooled by the cooling tower 11 is sent to the copper pipe 6. Then, when the floor surface temperature becomes lower than the predetermined floor surface temperature, the cooling by the cooling tower 11 is stopped. However, hot water will continue to flow. By repeating this cycle, the floor surface temperature (room temperature) can be controlled to a desired temperature. Then, the measurement recording of the cooling when the indoor air conditioner 1 is operated will be described.

(Explanation of cooling measurement record)
FIG. 10 is a measurement record obtained by continuously measuring the outside air temperature, the room temperature, and the hot water temperature during cooling, and represents a measurement record from 7:00 to 14:00 in summer (July). The measurement record includes the outside air temperature, the hot water temperature, the floor surface temperature, and the room temperature at a position 120 cm above the floor during that time period. Moreover, this measurement record uses not the cooling tower 11 as a heat exchanger for cooling, but the natural flowing water of a small river having an average water temperature of 18 degrees to 20 degrees Celsius. The operating conditions at this time are such that the inner diameter of the copper tube 6 is 28 mm, the flow rate is 15 liters to 20 liters per minute, and the flow rate is 0.4 m / sec to 0.6 m / sec. The pipe diameter and the pipe length were adjusted, and the flow capacity of the pump 12 was 20 liters / minute. The measurement record shown in FIG. 10 is an actual measurement record when the cooling system of the air conditioner 1 is always operated for 24 hours a day. As the building structure, a heat insulating structure as shown in FIG. 6 is adopted.

  When natural running water is used as the heat exchanger for cooling, the temperature of the annular tube portion 17 reaches the desired temperature when the flow rate of water as the heat medium is 0.4 m / sec to 0.6 m / sec. A pipe having a length and an inner diameter that can be cooled is embedded in running water.

  FIG. 10 is a measurement record for 7 hours from 7 o'clock to 14 o'clock in one day. The outside air temperature is around 27 ° C. from about 8 o'clock to past 11 o'clock, and is substantially the same as the room temperature at a position 120 cm above the floor. Around 13:00, the outside air temperature is 30 ° C to 32 ° C. The floor surface temperature during this period is 24 ° C. around 7 o'clock, 24.5 ° C. around 8:30, 23 ° C. around 12 o'clock, and 24 ° C. around 14 o'clock. It fluctuates within the range of 5 ° C. The room temperature at a position of 120 cm above the floor is kept almost constant in the range of 26 ° C. to 27 ° C. without being affected by the level of the outside air temperature. That is, it is shown that the temperature difference between the floor surface temperature and the room 120 cm above the floor can be controlled within about 4 ° C. regardless of the outside air temperature. Moreover, the difference between the indoor temperature of 120 cm above the floor and the temperature of the natural running water is not limited to the fluctuation of the outside air temperature, but is maintained at approximately 7 ° C. to 8 ° C. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 10, the timing of the change of the floor surface temperature is the timing at which the hot water temperature (the temperature of the annular tube portion 17) changes.

  That is, when the floor surface temperature corresponding to the desired room temperature (the same temperature as the temperature of the annular tube portion 17) is 24 ° C., the hot water cooled when the floor surface temperature exceeds 24 ° C. is allowed to flow. This is because the circulation of the hot water cooled when the temperature of the annular pipe portion 17 is 21 ° C. is stopped, and the hot water recirculated from the copper pipe 6 is recirculated as it is. Therefore, the pump 12 is always operated even during the cooling setting period.

  In addition, the natural flowing water of the small river used as the cooling medium in the present embodiment has a substantially constant flow rate, and the water temperature is in the range of 18 ° C. to 20 ° C. in the time zone from 7:00 to 15:00. Although not shown, the temperature of this natural running water is 15 ° C to 23 ° C throughout 24 hours a day. Further, the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 is within 0.5 ° C., and the temperature of the return pipe section 17 can be said to be the hot water temperature in the copper pipe 6. In addition, when the temperature of natural flowing water is higher than the Example of FIG. 10 (when close to the floor surface temperature corresponding to desired room temperature), the cooled warm water is always circulated only in piping.

  8 to 10 are only described for a specific time of the day in winter (February) and summer (July) due to space limitations, but the average outside temperature in winter, spring and autumn, or summer The concept of indoor temperature control corresponding to is described with reference to Table 1. The temperature of the hot water flowing through the copper pipe 6 is appropriately set at the start of cooling. For example, suitable room cooling and heating can be performed with each temperature setting as shown in Table 1, and the temperature can be set with reference to Table 1 during each season. Naturally, since the average outside air temperature varies according to the season depending on the region, and the comfortable indoor temperature varies depending on the resident, the floor surface temperature is set corresponding to the desired room temperature, and the temperature setting of the indoor air conditioner 1 can be adjusted. That's fine.

  For example, in Table 1, 25 ° C. to 33 ° C., which is set as the hot water temperature during heating (winter, spring and autumn), attempts to heat when a temperature transfer loss of 3 to 5 ° C. is expected with respect to the floor surface temperature. The temperature is almost the same as the room temperature. This embodiment is different from a method of passing hot water having a temperature much higher (50 ° C. to 60 ° C.) than room temperature to be set as in the conventional floor heating method. In addition, the temperature of 22 ° C to 25 ° C, which is set as the hot water temperature during cooling in summer, is almost the same as the floor surface temperature, and it is intended to cool by assuming a temperature transfer loss within 5 ° C with respect to the floor surface temperature. The room temperature is almost the same as the room temperature.

  In the indoor air conditioning method described above, the cinder concrete 23 that is a heat insulating material is placed under the indoor floor surrounded by the heat insulating material, and hot water that circulates the copper pipe 6 embedded in the cinder concrete 23, The flow rate is 0.2 m / second to 0.8 m / second. Then, the flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the outgoing pipe part 16 (inlet part) and the return pipe part 17 (return port part) with respect to the hot water copper pipe 6 is within 0.5 ° C., and the desired floor surface temperature is obtained. On the other hand, the temperature of the hot water is controlled so that the temperature difference is within 10 ° C. during heating and within −7 ° C. during cooling, and the indoor temperature is controlled by constantly circulating the hot water in the copper pipe 6.

  In the case of heating, if the boiler 3 and the pump 4 are always operated and the hot water is constantly circulated, even if the temperature of the hot water is varied from 26 ° C. to 31 ° C. by the boiler 3, the floor surface temperature and each floor surface in the room There is almost no fluctuation in the temperature at the height position. Even when the outside air temperature is minus 10 ° C, the floor surface temperature is maintained at approximately 23 ° C, and the temperature at each floor height position is maintained at approximately 16 ° C with a temperature difference of about 1 ° C between the 50 cm position and the 120 cm position. It becomes possible. In the case of cooling, if the temperature of the hot water is controlled so that the temperature difference is within minus 7 ° C. with respect to the desired floor surface temperature and the hot water is constantly circulated in the copper pipe 6, the outside air temperature is 27 ° C. Even if it fluctuates to ˜32 ° C., the floor surface temperature is in the range of 23 ° C. to 24.5 ° C., and the indoor temperature at this time can be kept almost constant in the range of 26 ° C. to 27 ° C. Become.

  According to the indoor air-conditioning method and the indoor air-conditioning apparatus 1 described above, the temperature difference between the forward pipe section 16 and the return pipe section 17 is controlled to be within 0.5 ° C. Temperature control) becomes easier. Moreover, since the variation in the difference between the floor surface temperature and the hot water temperature is small, it is possible to efficiently cool and heat the room. In addition, when the hot water temperature is 26 ° C. to 31 ° C., the floor surface temperature is kept at about 23 ° C., and there is no worry of low-temperature burns even if sitting directly on the floor surface, the feet are warm and the upper part is cold. There is no such thing. Furthermore, pots such as foliage plants can be placed directly on the floor surface, and the temperature difference between the room temperature (height and plane position) is small, so that vegetation can be enjoyed even in the severe winter season.

  Further, the flow rate of water is set to 0.2 m / second to 0.8 m / second, and the flow rate of water flowing through the copper pipe 6 is set to 15 liters / minute to 20 liters / minute. Moreover, the hot water temperature at the time of heating is around 30 degreeC. That is, low-temperature warm water is slowly passed as a heating medium. Compared to the conventional technology that circulates a large amount of hot water of 50 liters per minute at a high speed of 1.5 m per second at a high temperature of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C., the inner wall of the copper pipe 6 and other pipe inner walls It is possible to suppress deterioration due to wear or the like (for example, a hole is easily opened in a copper tube) and to achieve high durability. In addition, the temperature of the temperature source of the heater which has been generally used is that the blowing temperature of the FF type oil hot air heater is 100 ° C to 120 ° C, and the temperature of the hot water hot air heater is 60 ° C to 80 ° C. Or the warm water temperature of the conventional floor heating apparatus is 50 to 60 degreeC. In contrast to the use of convection of indoor air, by using cinder concrete 23 with high heat insulation (heat storage), the hot water temperature is lowered to around 30 ° C. to suppress heat convection and radiant heat from the floor surface. A sufficient heating effect can be obtained even if the hot water temperature is lowered.

  Moreover, the hot water temperature is detected by the return pipe section 17, the boiler 3 or the cooling tower 11 is intermittently operated using the detected temperature, and the difference between the hot water temperature and the floor surface temperature is within 5 ° C. To control. As described above, since the difference between the floor surface temperature and the room temperature is small, the difference between the hot water temperature and the floor surface temperature is controlled within 5 ° C. As a result, the running cost can be reduced by intermittent combustion of the boiler 3 that warms to a desired hot water temperature and intermittent operation of the cooling tower 11.

Moreover, the calorie consumption calculated from the average fuel consumption in the severe winter season from January to March under the combustion conditions (intermittent combustion) of the boiler 3 described above was 20 kcal / m ² H. This means that the average calorie consumption required by the Japan Gas Petroleum Industries Association's heating room standard value is approximately 12% of the calorie consumption of 169 kcal / m ² H (highly insulated specification 2009). . The calorie consumption is suppressed to 20% of the conventional calorie consumption of 100 kcal / m ² H. Also from this, the running cost can be reduced.

  Moreover, in addition to installing a heat insulating material under the floor, the building structure is heat-insulated on the roof portion 30 and the outer wall portion 32. By providing the heat insulating material so as to surround the room in this way, it is possible to enhance the cooling effect and the heating effect by suppressing the influence of the room from the outside. Furthermore, the room temperature is balanced by the radiant heat from the floor surface and the radiant heat (re-radiant heat) from the outer wall part 32 and the ceiling part 34 having high heat insulation properties, and the indoor place (the position from the height and the position from the wall) is maintained. ) Can be reduced. In addition, as a building structure, although the heat insulation structure as mentioned above is required, high airtightness is not necessarily required.

Also, the building structure includes a floor insulation, roof 30, in addition to the outer wall portion 32 adopts a structure subjected to further thermal insulation construction in the ceiling portion 34. On the ceiling 34, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material 62 is installed below the ceiling base plate 61, and a ceiling finishing material 63 is installed below the extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material 62. By adopting such a heat insulating structure, it is possible to further enhance the cooling effect and the heating effect by suppressing the influence of the room from the back of the cabin.

  The indoor air conditioner 1 has a heat exchanger that controls the temperature of water and pumps 4 and 12 that send hot water to the copper pipe 6, and the water is 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m. The flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port with respect to the water pipe is within 0.5 ° C, and the temperature difference with respect to the desired floor surface temperature. The temperature of water is controlled so that it is within 10 ° C. during cooling and within minus 7 ° C. during cooling, and the room temperature is controlled by constantly circulating water through the pipe.

  By doing in this way, temperature control (namely, indoor temperature control) of warm water becomes easy. Moreover, since the variation in the difference between the floor surface temperature and the hot water temperature is small, it is possible to efficiently cool and heat the room.

  It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes modifications and improvements as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. For example, in the above-described embodiment, water as a heating medium is heated or cooled based on the temperature of the return pipe section 17, but the temperature of the outgoing pipe section 16 may be measured, or the floor surface temperature May be measured directly, or the indoor temperature may be measured by defining the height above the floor.

  Moreover, you may use together the indoor air conditioning apparatus 1 of this Embodiment, and another air conditioning apparatus and a heating apparatus. For example, if a circulator is used in combination, it is possible to promote the circulation of room air during heating, and if an air conditioner or chiller is placed near the ceiling, air convection in the room is promoted and the floor surface condenses during cooling. Can be prevented. These circulators or air conditioners are auxiliary and may be very small. Further, it may be used only for the heating system without providing a cooling system device, or conversely, it may be used only for cooling without providing a heating system device.

  Further, the heat insulating structure and the heat insulating material provided around the room are not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 6, and can be appropriately selected according to the size and structure of the building or a combination of various heat insulating materials.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the explanation is given for indoor cooling and heating of a general wooden house. However, the present invention is not limited to a general house, and is used for floor tiles for walking tile decks such as hot spring pools, pet rooms and barns, or bedrock baths. be able to.

1 ... Indoor air conditioner 3 ... Boiler (Heating system heat exchanger)
4,12 ... Pump 6,7,8 ... Copper tube
7a ... straight pipe part 7b ... curved part 11 ... cooling tower (cooling system heat exchanger)
14, 15 ... Three-way valve 16 ... Out-pipe part (entrance part)
17 ... Return pipe part (return port part)
22 ... Foundation concrete 23, 74 ... Cinder concrete 24, 75 ... Floor finish 25 ... Extruded polystyrene foam 30 ... Roof part 32 ... Outer wall part 34 ... Ceiling part 36 ... Partition wall 49, 58 ... Urethane foam 55 ... Outer wall 56 ... Inner wall 57 ... glass wool 63,84 ... ceiling finish

Claims (7)

Cinder concrete, which is a heat insulating material, is placed under the indoor floor surrounded by a heat insulating material, and the water flowing through the pipe embedded in the cinder concrete is 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m / sec. At a flow rate of
The flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port of the water with respect to the tube is within 0.5 ° C .;
Controlling the temperature of the water so that the temperature difference with respect to the desired floor surface temperature is within 10 ° C. during heating, and within minus 7 ° C. during cooling;
Controlling the room temperature the water is circulated at all times to the tube body,
The temperature of the water is detected at the return port, and the heat exchanger is intermittently operated using the detected temperature, so that the difference between the water temperature and the floor surface temperature is within 5 ° C. Control the temperature of the
The indoor air-conditioning method characterized by the above-mentioned. In the indoor air-conditioning / heating method according to claim 1,
The flow rate is 0.4 m / sec to 0.6 m / sec, and the flow rate of water flowing through the tube is 15 liters / minute to 20 liters / minute,
The indoor air-conditioning method characterized by the above-mentioned. An indoor air conditioner installed in a building structure that embeds a pipe body through which water flows under the indoor floor in a cinder concrete that is a heat insulating material, and surrounds the interior of the room with a heat insulating material,
A heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of the water;
A pump for feeding the water to the pipe body,
Flowing the water through the tube at a flow rate of 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m / sec,
The flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port with respect to the pipe body of water is within 0.5 ° C.,
Desired such that the temperature difference with respect to the bed surface temperature is within 10 ° C. during the heating to control the temperature of the water so that within minus 7 ° C. at the time of cooling,
Controlling the room temperature the water is circulated at all times to the tube body,
The temperature of the water is detected at the return port, and the heat exchanger is intermittently operated using the detected temperature, so that the difference between the water temperature and the floor surface temperature is within 5 ° C. Control the temperature of the
An indoor air conditioner characterized by the above. The indoor air conditioning apparatus of Claim 3 WHEREIN:
In the building structure, heat insulation is applied to the heat insulating material under the floor, the roof portion, and the outer wall portion,
An indoor air conditioner characterized by the above. The indoor air conditioning apparatus of Claim 3 WHEREIN:
The building structure is heat-insulated on the insulating material under the floor, the roof, the outer wall, and the ceiling,
In the ceiling portion, a heat insulating material is installed below the ceiling base plate, and a ceiling finishing material is installed under the heat insulating material,
An indoor air conditioner characterized by the above. In the indoor air-conditioning / heating device according to any one of claims 3 to 5 ,
A heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of the water;
A pump for feeding the water to the pipe body,
Flowing the water through the tube at a flow rate of 0.2 m / sec to 0.8 m / sec,
The flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the return port of the water with respect to the tube is within 0.5 ° C .;
Desired such that the temperature difference with respect to the bed surface temperature is within 10 ° C. during the heating to control the temperature of the water so that within minus 7 ° C. at the time of cooling,
The indoor temperature is constantly circulated through the pipe to control the room temperature.
An indoor air conditioner characterized by the above. In the room air conditioner according to any one of claims 6 claim 3,
The flow rate is 0.4 m / sec to 0.6 m / sec, and the flow rate of water flowing through the tube is 15 liters / minute to 20 liters / minute,
An indoor air conditioner characterized by the above.

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