JP6095453B2 - Diagnostic device for groundwater purification wall - Google Patents
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- JP6095453B2 JP6095453B2 JP2013081194A JP2013081194A JP6095453B2 JP 6095453 B2 JP6095453 B2 JP 6095453B2 JP 2013081194 A JP2013081194 A JP 2013081194A JP 2013081194 A JP2013081194 A JP 2013081194A JP 6095453 B2 JP6095453 B2 JP 6095453B2
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- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEMHQNXVHVAHDN-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VEMHQNXVHVAHDN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorosilver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag]Cl GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013398 bayesian method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は地下水浄化壁の診断装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a diagnostic apparatus for a groundwater purification wall.
特許文献１に示すような有機ハロゲン化合物や重金属などによって汚染された地下水（以下、「汚染地下水」という）を浄化するために用いる地下連続の地下水浄化壁が知られている。
この地下水浄化壁は、単に溝孔に金属系還元剤又は吸着物質を設置してつくった従来の地下水浄化壁と異なり、金属系還元剤又は吸着物質を含む円柱を地中に列状配置してつくることとになるので、金属系還元剤又は吸着物質の材料分離を防止することができ、その結果、帯水層より大きい透水性を容易に得ることが可能になるという効果を備えている。
A continuous underground water purification wall used to purify groundwater contaminated with organic halogen compounds and heavy metals (hereinafter referred to as “contaminated groundwater”) as shown in Patent Document 1 is known.
Unlike the conventional groundwater purification wall, which is simply made by installing a metal reducing agent or adsorbent in the groove, this groundwater purification wall is made up of columns containing metal reducing agent or adsorbent arranged in a row in the ground. Therefore, it is possible to prevent material separation of the metallic reducing agent or the adsorbing substance, and as a result, it is possible to easily obtain water permeability larger than that of the aquifer.
しかし上記のような地下水浄化壁では、壁の構築後からその浄化能力が徐々に低下し、所定の浄化能力がなくなった場合には壁の再構築や性能回復の処置が必要となる。
そのために、浄化能力の診断が必要であるが次のような問題があった。
＜１＞ 地下水浄化壁の下流側に観測井を設け、その内部の地下水の汚染物質濃度を測定する方法では、観測井の周辺の汚染状況や地下水の流速の影響を受ける。そのために観測井の内部の地下水の濃度変化だけでは、目的とする地下水浄化壁の反応性が低下しているか否かの判断をすることが困難である。
＜２＞ 地下水浄化壁の一部を掘削して壁に用いた浄化材を抽出して反応性を検査する方法もある。この方法では浄化剤の抽出には浄化壁の掘削工事が必要であり、検査頻度を多くすることが困難であることから、反応性能の経時変化を長期間追跡することができない。
However, in the groundwater purification wall as described above, the purification capacity gradually decreases after the construction of the wall, and when the predetermined purification capacity is lost, the wall needs to be reconstructed or performance recovery is required.
For this purpose, it is necessary to diagnose the purification capacity, but there are the following problems.
<1> The method of measuring the concentration of pollutants in the groundwater inside the observation well provided downstream of the groundwater purification wall is affected by the pollution situation around the well and the flow rate of groundwater. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether or not the reactivity of the target groundwater purification wall is lowered only by changing the concentration of groundwater inside the observation well.
<2> There is also a method of examining the reactivity by excavating a part of the groundwater purification wall and extracting the purification material used for the wall. In this method, the purification wall needs to be excavated for the purification wall, and it is difficult to increase the frequency of the inspection. Therefore, it is impossible to follow the change in the reaction performance with time.
上記のような課題を解決する本発明の地下水浄化壁の診断装置は、地下水浄化壁の上部地表面付近に設置した非分極性電極と、地下水浄化壁以外の位置に設置した非分極性電極とで構成し、両非分極性電極間に電位差計を接続した装置であり、この装置によって地下水浄化壁の還元反応によって生じる電位を継続的に測定して浄化剤の反応性の変化を測定することを特徴としたものである。
そして上記の装置において、非分極性電極には銅―硫酸銅電極、銀―塩化銀電極、あるいは鉛―塩化鉛電極のいずれかを使用することができる。
The groundwater purification wall diagnostic apparatus of the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a nonpolarizable electrode installed near the upper ground surface of the groundwater purification wall, and a nonpolarizable electrode installed at a position other than the groundwater purification wall; This is a device in which a potentiometer is connected between both non-polarizable electrodes, and by using this device, the potential generated by the reduction reaction of the groundwater purification wall is continuously measured to measure the change in the reactivity of the purification agent. It is characterized by.
In the above apparatus, any one of a copper-copper sulfate electrode, a silver-silver chloride electrode, or a lead-lead chloride electrode can be used as the non-polarizable electrode.
本発明の地下水浄化壁の診断装置は以上説明したようになるから次のような効果を得ることができる。
＜１＞ 地下水浄化壁の酸化還元反応の変化を連続して監視することができる。そのために地下水浄化壁の性能の劣化を早期に発見することができる。
＜２＞ 地下水浄化壁の劣化後に回復工事を行った場合に、それ以前のデータを比較して回復の効果をすぐに確認することができる。
＜３＞ 本発明の装置とは別に独立して観測井でのモニタリングを行って異常が認められた場合に、地下水浄化壁の劣化の影響か、その他の影響かをすぐに分離して検討することができるため、異常値を評価して対応するための判断効率が大幅に向上する。
The groundwater purification wall diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is as described above, so that the following effects can be obtained.
<1> The change in the redox reaction of the groundwater purification wall can be continuously monitored. Therefore, the deterioration of the performance of the groundwater purification wall can be detected at an early stage.
<2> When recovery work is performed after the deterioration of the groundwater purification wall, the effect of the recovery can be confirmed immediately by comparing previous data.
<3> If an abnormality is detected by monitoring at the observation well independently of the apparatus of the present invention, the effect of deterioration of the groundwater purification wall or other effects is immediately separated and examined. Therefore, the judgment efficiency for evaluating and dealing with abnormal values is greatly improved.
以下図面を参照にしながら本発明の地下水浄化壁の診断装置の好適な実施の形態を詳細に説明する。 DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a groundwater purification wall diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
＜１＞全体の構成
本発明の地下水浄化壁の反応性の低下を診断する装置は、少なくとも２開所に設置する非分極性電極１と、非分極性電極１間に設置した電位差計２とによって構成する。
<1> Overall Configuration An apparatus for diagnosing a decrease in reactivity of a groundwater purification wall according to the present invention includes a nonpolarizable electrode 1 installed in at least two openings and a
＜２＞非分極性電極
非分極性電極１とは、電極反応が定常的に起こって電位を任意に変えることのできない電極のことである。
本発明の装置において、非分極性電極１としては、例えば銅―硫酸銅電極、銀―塩化銀電極、あるいは鉛―塩化鉛電極のいずれかを使用することができる。
非分極性電極１は少なくとも２か所に設置する。
そのうちの一か所は、地下水浄化壁３の上部地表面付近に設置した非分極性電極１である。
他の一か所は、地下水浄化壁３以外の位置に設置した非分極性電極１である。
<2> Non-polarizable electrode The non-polarizable electrode 1 is an electrode in which an electrode reaction occurs constantly and the potential cannot be changed arbitrarily.
In the apparatus of the present invention, as the non-polarizable electrode 1, for example, any one of a copper-copper sulfate electrode, a silver-silver chloride electrode, and a lead-lead chloride electrode can be used.
The non-polarizable electrode 1 is installed in at least two places.
One of them is the non-polarizable electrode 1 installed near the upper ground surface of the groundwater purification wall 3.
Another place is the nonpolarizable electrode 1 installed at a position other than the groundwater purification wall 3.
＜３＞非分極性電極の設置
地中に設置する非分極性電極１は、地盤との電気的接触が良好でなければならない。
そのために図２に示すように、非分極性電極１の周囲を粘土１１で包囲して固定する。
また非分極性電極１の上部を車両が通過することを考慮する場合には、養生蓋１２を設置して非分極性電極１の損傷を防止する。
<3> Installation of non-polarizable electrode The non-polarizable electrode 1 installed in the ground must have good electrical contact with the ground.
For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 2, the periphery of the non-polarizable electrode 1 is surrounded by clay 11 and fixed.
When considering that the vehicle passes over the nonpolarizable electrode 1, the
＜４＞非分極性電極の設置深さ
地下水浄化壁３に設置する非分極性電極１は、その地下水浄化壁３の内部に設置してもよい。
しかし本発明の装置による診断は、年単位の長期間の計測であることから機器の交換や修理、検査などの保守のしやすさを考慮すると、地下水浄化壁３の地表部近くに設置することが好ましい。
<4> Depth of Installation of Nonpolarizable Electrode The nonpolarizable electrode 1 installed on the groundwater purification wall 3 may be installed inside the groundwater purification wall 3.
However, since the diagnosis by the apparatus of the present invention is a long-term measurement in units of years, it should be installed near the ground surface of the groundwater purification wall 3 considering the ease of maintenance such as equipment replacement, repair, and inspection. Is preferred.
＜５＞非分極性電極の配置例
非分極性電極１の設置位置と地下水浄化壁３の位置との関係を図３、４について説明する。
<5> Arrangement Example of Nonpolarizable Electrode The relationship between the installation position of the nonpolarizable electrode 1 and the position of the groundwater purification wall 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.
＜５−１＞壁を挟んだ配置（図３）
非分極性電極１を地下水浄化壁３の上流側と下流側に、地下水浄化壁３を挟んだ状態で配置する構成である。
この配置であると、地下水浄化壁３の上流側と下流側とでの地下水の流れの変化の影響を少なくすることができる。
<5-1> Arrangement with wall in between (Fig. 3)
In this configuration, the non-polarizable electrode 1 is disposed on the upstream side and the downstream side of the groundwater purification wall 3 with the groundwater purification wall 3 interposed therebetween.
With this arrangement, the influence of changes in the flow of groundwater between the upstream side and the downstream side of the groundwater purification wall 3 can be reduced.
＜５−２＞壁の上流側に配置（図４）
非分極性電極１を地下水浄化壁３の上流側にのみ配置する構成である。
この配置であると、場所による地下水流動の相違の影響を受けにくくすることができる。
一般に地下水浄化壁３は、汚染地下水の、汚染サイトの敷地外への流出を阻止するものである。
そのため地下水浄化壁３は敷地の境界に設置する場合が多く、その場合には地下水浄化壁３の下流側は他人の土地であるために利用できないので、図４の配置のように、地下水浄化壁３の上流側にのみ非分極性電極１を配置する構成を採用することになる。
<5-2> Arranged upstream of the wall (FIG. 4)
In this configuration, the nonpolarizable electrode 1 is disposed only on the upstream side of the groundwater purification wall 3.
With this arrangement, it is possible to make it less susceptible to the difference in groundwater flow depending on the location.
In general, the groundwater purification wall 3 prevents contaminated groundwater from flowing out of the site of the contaminated site.
For this reason, the groundwater purification wall 3 is often installed at the boundary of the site. In this case, since the downstream side of the groundwater purification wall 3 is another person's land, it cannot be used. Therefore, a configuration in which the non-polarizable electrode 1 is disposed only on the upstream side of 3 is adopted.
＜６＞電位差計
上記の二か所の非分極性電極１間に電位差計２を接続する。
電位差計２とは、未知電圧と既知電圧を検出器を用いて比較し，零位法によって未知電圧を求める測定器のことである。
回路に一定電流を流し，可変抵抗部の端子電圧(＝電流×抵抗)と未知電圧を比較するもので，一定電流を得るため標準電池を用いる。この場合平衡のための検出器は切り換えて使用する
電位差計２を介在させるために、両非分極性電極１の間には電線２１を配線する。
電位差計２は常時接続しておく必要はなく、両非分極性電極１から配線した電線２１に定期的に接続して電位差を記録して診断することもできる。
<6> Potentiometer A
The
A constant current is passed through the circuit, and the terminal voltage (= current x resistance) of the variable resistor is compared with the unknown voltage. A standard battery is used to obtain a constant current. In this case, an
The
＜７＞診断の原理
上記したように本発明は、少なくとも二か所に設置した両非分極性電極１間に電位差計２を接続した装置であり、この装置によって地下水浄化壁３の還元反応によって生じる電位を継続的に測定して浄化剤の反応性の変化を測定するものである。
<7> Principle of Diagnosis As described above, the present invention is a device in which the
＜８＞非分極性電極の問題点
非分極性電極１を用いて地盤の自然電位を測定する方法は、地下水流動の測定や地熱貯留層の評価などに用いられている。
しかし実際に採用するのは簡単ではない。
なぜなら（１）自然電位は微弱である、（２）電源ノイズなどの人為的な電気ノイズの影響がある、（３）降雨の浸透による不飽和帯の比抵抗の変化がある、（４）地下水流動の変化による流動出の影響がある、（５）地下水浄化壁３を設置するような工場地帯では、周辺環境に存在する金属製の人工構造物の影響など低比抵抗材料の影響をうける、といった問題があるからである。
本発明ではそのような問題を前提に、その影響を取り除くために次のような解決策を採用した。
<8> Problems of Non-Polarizable Electrode The method of measuring the natural potential of the ground using the non-polarizable electrode 1 is used for measurement of groundwater flow, evaluation of geothermal reservoirs, and the like.
However, it is not easy to actually adopt.
Because (1) The natural potential is weak, (2) There is an influence of artificial electric noise such as power supply noise, (3) There is a change in specific resistance of the unsaturated zone due to infiltration of rain, (4) Groundwater (5) In a factory zone where the groundwater purification wall 3 is installed, it is affected by low resistivity materials such as the influence of metal artificial structures in the surrounding environment. This is because there is a problem.
In the present invention, on the assumption of such a problem, the following solution is adopted in order to remove the influence.
＜９＞参照電極の設置位置
自然電位測定の基準となる基準電極（参照電極）は、一般に自然電位が安定した場所に設置するが、本発明では安定した自然電位との電位差ではなく、地下水浄化壁３と同様の自然環境にある参照電極との電位差で評価する方法を採用する。
そのため参照電極の設置位置は、降雨の影響、地下水流動の影響の程度が地下水浄化壁３の構築部と同程度の場所を選択する。
そして二か所以上の参照電極の電位を平均値をもって地下水浄化壁３の自然電位測定の基準とする。
<9> Installation position of reference electrode Although a reference electrode (reference electrode) serving as a reference for measuring a natural potential is generally installed in a place where the natural potential is stable, in the present invention, it is not a potential difference from a stable natural potential, but groundwater purification. A method is used in which the evaluation is performed based on the potential difference between the wall 3 and a reference electrode in the same natural environment.
Therefore, the installation position of the reference electrode is selected so that the influence of rainfall and the influence of groundwater flow are the same as those of the construction part of the groundwater purification wall 3.
And the potential of two or more reference electrodes is used as a standard for measuring the natural potential of the groundwater purification wall 3 with an average value.
＜１０＞時系列データの統計的処理
地下水浄化壁３の酸化還元反応の速度は、初期には早く、徐々に穏やかな反応となるため、地下水浄化壁３の還元作用により発生する自然電位の時系列データも同様に、穏やかで連続的な変化を示す。
前記したようなノイズを含んでいる時系列データから穏やかな自然電位を変化の傾向をとらえるため、フーリエ変換やベイズ法を用いる。
このような方法により、人為的な高周波の電気ノイズや統計的に異常値と判断されるデータを除去した自然電位の時間的変化のトレンドを把握することが可能となる。
<10> Statistical processing of time-series data Since the redox reaction speed of the groundwater purification wall 3 is fast in the initial stage and gradually becomes a mild reaction, the natural potential generated by the reduction action of the groundwater purification wall 3 Series data similarly shows a mild and continuous change.
In order to grasp the tendency of a change in a gentle natural potential from time series data including noise as described above, Fourier transform or Bayesian method is used.
By such a method, it is possible to grasp the trend of the temporal change of the natural potential from which artificially high frequency electrical noise and data that are statistically determined to be abnormal values are removed.
＜１１＞統計的に処理できない場合
非分極性電極１を、金属材料などの低比抵抗の材料が自然電位の測定に影響を及ぼす環境に設置した場合には、局所的な電場の乱れにより自然電位の分布が変化し、自然電位の測定値が変化する。
それが一時的な変化であれば異常値として統計的に処理できるが、環境そのものが変化した場合には測定値がシフトし、統計処理では取り除くことができない。
そこで自然電位の変化は緩やかで連続していると仮定し、時系列データの変曲点の前後でトレンドが同一であるとして、自然電位のシフト量を求め、連続したデータに補正することで、測定環境にある人工構造物の影響を取り除く。
このような操作により、長期的な地下水浄化壁３の還元能力の変化の測定が可能となる。
<11> When it cannot be statistically processed When the non-polarizable electrode 1 is installed in an environment where a low resistivity material such as a metal material affects the measurement of the natural potential, The distribution of potential changes, and the measured value of the natural potential changes.
If it is a temporary change, it can be statistically processed as an abnormal value, but if the environment itself changes, the measured value shifts and cannot be removed by statistical processing.
Therefore, assuming that the change of the natural potential is gentle and continuous, assuming that the trend is the same before and after the inflection point of the time series data, the shift amount of the natural potential is obtained and corrected to continuous data. Eliminate the effects of man-made structures in the measurement environment.
By such an operation, it is possible to measure a long-term change in the reducing ability of the groundwater purification wall 3.
＜１２＞処理した測定例（図５）
相対的な電位差の計測により自然電位のノイズを軽減しても、測定値にはばらつきが生じする。
これらをフーリエ変換やベイズ法により確率的にもっとも確からしいトレンドにフィッティングする。
この変化傾向は連続的であることから、計測値が全体的にシフトするような場合は、周辺環境の変化の影響を受けたことが想定される。
この影響を考慮して変曲点前後の連続性が保たれるように曲線を移動して将来の性能を予測して診断するものである。
<12> Processed measurement examples (FIG. 5)
Even if the noise of the natural potential is reduced by measuring the relative potential difference, the measurement value varies.
These are fitted to the most probable trends by Fourier transform and Bayesian method.
Since this change tendency is continuous, it is assumed that the measurement value is affected by the change in the surrounding environment when the measured value shifts as a whole.
Considering this influence, the curve is moved so that the continuity before and after the inflection point is maintained, and the future performance is predicted and diagnosed.
１：非分極性電極
２：電位差計
３：地下水浄化壁
1: Non-polarizable electrode 2: Potentiometer 3: Groundwater purification wall
Claims (2)
地下水浄化壁以外の位置に設置した非分極性電極とで構成し、
両非分極性電極間に電位差計を接続した装置であり、
この装置によって地下水浄化壁の還元反応によって生じる電位を継続的に測定して浄化剤の反応性の変化を測定することを特徴とする、
地下水浄化壁の診断装置。 A non-polarizable electrode installed near the upper ground surface of the groundwater purification wall;
It consists of a non-polarizable electrode installed at a position other than the groundwater purification wall,
It is a device with a potentiometer connected between both non-polarizable electrodes,
This device is characterized by continuously measuring the potential generated by the reduction reaction of the groundwater purification wall and measuring the change in the reactivity of the purification agent.
Diagnosis device for underground water purification wall.
非分極性電極は、銅―硫酸銅電極、銀―塩化銀電極、あるいは鉛―塩化鉛電極のいずれかである、
地下水浄化壁の診断装置。 The apparatus of claim 1.
The non-polarizable electrode is either a copper-copper sulfate electrode, a silver-silver chloride electrode, or a lead-lead chloride electrode.
Diagnosis device for underground water purification wall.
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