CN109374721B - Method and device for monitoring pollution of urban shallow groundwater - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring pollution of urban shallow groundwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN109374721B CN109374721B CN201811379517.0A CN201811379517A CN109374721B CN 109374721 B CN109374721 B CN 109374721B CN 201811379517 A CN201811379517 A CN 201811379517A CN 109374721 B CN109374721 B CN 109374721B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for monitoring urban shallow groundwater pollution environment, wherein the device comprises a measuring host, a control cross box body, a power supply generator, a measuring large line, a measuring electrode and an infinite reference electrode, the monitoring method comprises the steps that according to shallow groundwater bodies with different occurrences in cities, a point electrode and a long electrode applying a ground electric field respectively pass through the positive electrode of a switch power supply generator, wherein the long electrode is arranged below a shallow water layer, the infinite reference electrode switches the negative electrode of the power supply generator to form a loop with the ground, a five-star double-ring-shaped or five-star double-ring-shaped observation mode is adopted in a monitoring area, and due to the fact that the resistivity is obviously changed after the groundwater is polluted, the measuring electrode monitors the abnormal change of the potential of the ground electric field and the infinite reference electrode, the geophysical inversion imaging of monitoring data is carried out by combining the observation results of the point electrode and the long electrode, and the pollution condition, the pollution area and depth information of the groundwater can be intuitively inferred.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban shallow groundwater monitoring, in particular to a geophysical method and a device for monitoring urban shallow groundwater pollution environment.
Background
With the rapid development of urban industrialization, shallow groundwater pollution and destruction are increasingly aggravated, and adverse effects are brought to ecological environment quality. The urban shallow groundwater is affected by the comprehensive action of various pollution sources, including sewage disposal plant sewage, leachate of refuse landfill, factory sewage, drainage pipeline leakage, atmospheric settlement, building waste, recreation ground sewage and the like. Therefore, the pollution condition of the urban shallow groundwater can be accurately and timely effectively monitored, the environmental quality of the urban shallow groundwater is improved, and the method has important significance for ecological construction, industrial development and resident life.
The existing monitoring method for shallow groundwater in cities mainly adopts the steps of periodically sampling in a monitoring well, and analyzing the components and the concentration of pollutants in a water sample by a water chemical method so as to determine the pollution condition of the groundwater. Obviously, the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the sampling analysis result has hysteresis, and the boundary range of the underground polluted water body cannot be given. The concentration of nitrate ions in underground water is increased due to various urban pollutions, carcinogenic heavy metals in underground water seriously exceed the standard in some cities and regions with higher industrial development levels, and the conductivity of shallow underground water is obviously improved due to the increase of the concentration of the nitrate ions and the permeation of the heavy metals. The electrical properties of the underground polluted water body are obviously different from those of the uncontaminated water body and the surrounding environment in the aspects of physical properties such as resistivity and the like.
Therefore, it is urgent to find a fast and effective method for monitoring the groundwater in shallow urban areas for a long time. The geophysical method is mainly used for detecting the medium structure, the material composition and the evolution formation of the earth body and the near-earth space, has very wide application in the aspects of engineering, environmental protection, mineral products and the like, and has remarkable advantages in the aspect of underground water exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a method and a device for monitoring pollution of urban shallow groundwater, which provide scientific basis for safe utilization and pollution treatment of urban shallow groundwater.
1) The scheme of the method and the device for monitoring the pollution of the urban shallow groundwater comprises a measurement host, a control cross box body, a power supply generator, a measurement large line, a measurement electrode and an infinite reference electrode.
2) According to shallow underground water under different occurrence conditions in cities, power supply electrodes for manually applying an electric field are arranged, wherein the power supply electrodes comprise point electrodes and long electrodes, the long electrodes need to go deep into the underground shallow water layer, loop electrodes of the point electrodes and the long electrodes are arranged far enough, namely infinite reference electrodes, and generally speaking, the infinite reference electrode distance is more than 5 times larger than the occurrence depth of a diving surface.
3) According to ground observation conditions, arranging a measuring electrode on the ground, and adopting a five-star double-ring observation mode if the terrain is flat; for monitoring underground water of roads or buildings, a multi-line observation mode can be adopted.
4) The power supply applies a direct current electric field to the ground by using the long electrode and the traditional electrode through the power supply change-over switch.
5) After the underground water is polluted, the resistivity is obviously changed, the distribution of the earth electric field is obviously changed under the direct current excitation action of the long electrode and the point electrode, and the earth electric field measuring electrodes arranged on the ground respectively observe the earth electric field change of the long electrode and the point electrode under the current excitation action.
6) And establishing a geological physical model for the underground water of the shallow layer of the city, and acquiring the potential change data of the measured ground electric field, and acquiring the pollution distribution condition of the underground water through geophysical inversion imaging.
6) Alternatively, the change condition of the ground electric field can be observed in the vertical direction of the monitoring holes, and the pollution distribution condition of the underground water can be obtained through geophysical inversion imaging.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the long electrode penetrates into the urban shallow underground water body deeply and is combined with the point electrode to realize timely monitoring of the urban shallow underground water pollution condition, compared with the existing underground water monitoring well for sampling, the long electrode penetrates into the urban shallow underground water body to obtain the ground electric field potential abnormal change with higher signal-to-noise ratio by using a water chemical method analysis technology, and the long electrode is combined with the traditional electrode to analyze the information such as underground water pollution spatial distribution characteristics and the like more quickly and accurately, so that the urban shallow underground water monitoring effect is improved, and a basis is provided for ecological environment evaluation and treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model schematic diagram of an environmental monitoring method for urban shallow groundwater pollution.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an environmental monitoring device for urban shallow groundwater pollution.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of five-star double-ring observation for an environmental monitoring method for urban shallow groundwater pollution.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of parallel line-shaped observation for monitoring environment polluted by shallow groundwater in cities.
FIG. 5 is a graph of potential changes observed under time-point electrode excitation with and without contamination in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a plot of the potential change observed with long electrode excitations with and without contamination in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a two-star observation inversion pollution distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure 2, 1-measurement host, 2-control cross box, 3-power generator, 4-measurement large line, 5-measurement electrode, 6-infinite reference electrode.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic model diagram of a method for monitoring an environment polluted by shallow groundwater in an urban area according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the model schematic diagram, the urban shallow stratum comprises a base water-resisting layer, a shallow water layer and a fourth series covering layer; the long electrode is deep into the water body of the shallow water layer, meanwhile, a point electrode is arranged nearby, the long electrode and the point electrode are connected to the positive electrode of a power supply through a change-over switch, the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with a reference electrode at infinity, namely, a loop electrode is formed between the long electrode and the reference electrode at infinity and the power supply positive electrode, and the distance between the reference electrode at infinity and the depth of the shallow water layer is more than 5 times; and arranging the measuring electrode of the earth electric field on the ground surface, or drilling a hole nearby and arranging the measuring electrode of the earth electric field in the hole.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for monitoring an environment polluted by shallow groundwater in a city according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the structural block diagram: 1-the measurement host is a PC (or notebook computer) and has the main functions of man-machine interaction, data storage, field measurement data preprocessing and the like; 2-controlling the cross box body to realize the functions of the digital electrode, the PC host and the adapter of the power supply generator, wherein the functions comprise receiving a command sent by the measuring host, respectively sending the command to the ground electric field measuring electrodes, measuring the power supply current of the power supply generator, and transmitting the measuring data transmitted back by the measuring electrodes to the measuring host; 3, a power supply generator mainly generates a power supply such as direct current or square wave in electrical measurement, wherein a positive electrode is connected to a long electrode or a point electrode through a change-over switch, and a negative electrode is connected to an infinite reference electrode; 4-the measuring large line comprises a communication line and a power supply line, and the control box body is connected with the measured electrode for power supply and data communication; 5, the ground electric field measuring electrode receives an instruction of the control box body, measures the potential difference between the ground electric field and the infinite common electrode, and sends a measuring result to the control box body; the 6-infinite reference electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply generator, forms a power supply loop for the long electrode or the point electrode and the ground, and is used as a potential reference during the measurement of the ground electric field, or called as a reference potential.
In specific implementation, the power supply device is tightly coupled with the ground through the long electrode, the point electrode, the measuring electrode and the infinite reference electrode, wherein the power generator applies a stable electric field to the ground through the long electrode or the point electrode, the measuring electrode can measure the potential difference between the ground electric field and the reference electrode, and the measuring electrode can observe abnormal changes of the ground electric field in time after shallow water is polluted.
Firstly, a drilling method is used for investigating the geotechnical and hydrogeological background conditions of a monitored area, and a long electrode is deeply inserted into a stratum below a shallow water surface, namely a shallow water body of a shallow city layer, and a point electrode is arranged at the same time.
And step two, arranging an infinite reference pole at a distance which is more than 5 times of the existing depth of the shallow water layer from the long electrode and the point electrode.
And step three, the long electrode and the point electrode are connected with the anode of the power supply generator through a change-over switch, and the infinity reference electrode is connected with the cathode of the power supply generator.
Fourthly, arranging ground electric field measuring electrodes around the long electrode and the point electrode, and adopting a five-star double-ring ground electric field observation mode shown in the attached figure 3.
Alternatively, for roads or building sites, etc., where five-star double-ring observation cannot be performed, the parallel linear ground electric field observation mode shown in fig. 4 may be adopted.
Fifthly, measuring potential changes of the ground electric field by the measuring electrode through a direct current electric field excited by the long electrode on the urban shallow geological layer at the positive electrode of the power supply generator; then, the power supply generator switches the direct current electric field excited by the positive electrode to the point electrode to the urban shallow layer geology, and the measuring electrode measures the potential change of the ground electric field.
If the resistivity changes due to pollution of shallow water and the like, the measuring electrode can observe potential abnormity in time, and the underground water pollution distribution range can be estimated through the potential change before and after pollution. For example, under the action of the point electrode excitation current, after groundwater is polluted, the conductivity is increased, more distributed currents of the ground electric field are absorbed, the ground surface potential is reduced, potential changes before and after the ground electric field potential shallow layer water pollution are observed, and the boundary of the polluted area can be analyzed, as shown in fig. 5.
Similarly, under the action of the long electrode, more excitation current can be transmitted to the underground, the conductivity is increased after the underground water body is polluted, the excitation current passes through the water body to obviously increase the surface potential of the upper part of the polluted area, the potential drop rate at the boundary of the polluted area is obviously changed, and the inside of the boundary of the polluted area can also be analyzed through comparison before and after pollution, as shown in fig. 6.
By combining the observation results of the point electrode and the long electrode, the pollution area, the depth distribution information and the like of the underground water can be more accurately determined.
In addition, a geophysical model of the observation area is established, and inversion imaging processing is performed on the observation data, so that pollution information of underground water can be intuitively disclosed, as shown in fig. 7.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be noted that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made without departing from the technical principle of the invention shall be included in the protection scope of the invention within the spirit and principle of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A city shallow groundwater pollution monitoring method comprises a measuring host, a control cross box body, a power supply generator, a measuring large line, a measuring electrode and an infinite reference electrode, wherein a power supply electrode for manually applying a ground electric field is arranged according to a shallow underground water body under a city occurrence condition, the power supply electrode comprises a traditional point electrode and a long electrode, the long electrode extends into the position below a shallow layer and is far enough to arrange a loop electrode of the point electrode and the long electrode, namely the infinite reference electrode, meanwhile, according to a ground observation condition, a five-star double-ring-shaped ground electric field measuring electrode is arranged on the ground, a geological physical model is built for an observation area, and the distribution condition of the underground water pollution area is imaged through inversion according to the abnormal condition of the ground electric field monitored by the measuring electrode;
the power supply device is closely coupled with the ground through the long electrode, the point electrode, the measuring electrode and the infinite reference electrode, wherein the power generator applies a stable electric field to the ground through the long electrode or the point electrode, the measuring electrode can measure the potential difference between the ground electric field and the reference electrode, and the measuring electrode can observe the abnormal change of the ground electric field in time after shallow water is polluted, and the specific implementation comprises the following steps:
firstly, investigating the geotechnical and hydrogeological background conditions of a monitored area by a drilling method, and enabling a long electrode to penetrate into a stratum below a shallow water surface, namely a shallow water body of a shallow city layer, and meanwhile, arranging a point electrode;
step two, arranging an infinite reference pole at a distance which is 5 times or more of the occurrence depth of the shallow water layer from the long electrode and the point electrode;
thirdly, the long electrode and the point electrode are connected with the anode of the power supply generator through a change-over switch, and the infinity reference electrode is connected with the cathode of the power supply generator;
fourthly, arranging ground electric field measuring electrodes around the long electrode and the point electrode, and adopting a five-star double-ring ground electric field observation mode;
fifthly, measuring potential changes of the ground electric field by the measuring electrode through a direct current electric field excited by the long electrode on the urban shallow geological layer at the positive electrode of the power supply generator; then, the power supply generator switches the direct current electric field excited by the positive electrode to the point electrode to the urban shallow layer geology, and the measuring electrode measures the potential change of the ground electric field.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein for monitoring underground water of roads or buildings, the potential change of the ground electric field can be monitored by a multi-line observation mode or a vertical in-hole observation mode.
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