JP6075090B2 - Motor control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a motor control device.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a second d-axis current command when switching from normal control for manipulating q-axis current and d-axis current to voltage phase-type field weakening control for manipulating voltage phase in a vector control device for a permanent magnet motor. It is described that the input value to the filter processing calculation unit is switched from the second d-axis current command value to zero. As a result, according to Patent Document 1, when there is a deviation between the set motor constant (resistance, inductance, power generation constant) and the actual value, it is caused by the motor constant deviation when switching from the normal control to the voltage phase type field weakening control. It is said that the shock at the time of switching does not occur because the phase shift is eliminated and the original phase is restored.

  In Patent Document 2, in a control device for a permanent magnet type synchronous motor, whether field weakening control is performed based on an input DC voltage (voltage of a DC power supply) to an inverter and a rotational speed calculated from a detection position of a rotor. It is described that it is determined whether to perform maximum torque control, and switching to one of field weakening control and maximum torque control is performed based on the determination result. Thus, according to Patent Document 2, stable switching can be realized even when the voltage of the DC power supply greatly fluctuates.

JP 2010-143030 A JP 2003-33097 A

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, only switching shock (sudden fluctuation of voltage / current at the time of switching) due to discontinuity of switching point due to mismatch of motor constants is regarded as a problem. It is assumed that the shock can be ignored.

  However, as a result of examination by the present inventor, when switching between normal control and flux-weakening control, each operation target is controlled by switching the operation target (current, voltage phase) more than the motor constant mismatch. It has been found that there is a possibility that the switching shock due to the difference of each controller's value (that is, motor operating state (rotation speed, voltage value, current value, etc.), hereinafter referred to as “internal state”) may increase. It was.

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, in the normal control in which the q-axis current command calculation unit and the d-axis current command calculation unit are operated to operate the q-axis current and the d-axis current, the phase to be operated by the voltage phase type field weakening control. The internal state of the error command calculation unit is indefinite. Conversely, in the voltage phase type field weakening control in which the phase error command calculation unit is operated to operate the voltage phase, the respective internal states of the q-axis current command calculation unit and the d-axis current command calculation unit to be operated in the normal control Is undefined. For this reason, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, when switching between normal control and flux-weakening control is performed, between the q-axis current command calculation unit, the d-axis current command calculation unit, and the phase error command calculation unit. There is a possibility that a large switching shock may occur due to the difference in the internal state.

  The technique described in Patent Document 2 is merely to prevent anxiety of the switching operation due to fluctuations in the voltage of the DC power supply, and Patent Document 2 has no description regarding the switching shock and depends on the internal state of each controller. There is no mention of how to reduce the switching shock.

  For example, in the technique described in Patent Document 2, when switching from maximum torque control to field weakening control, the d-axis current command value is rapidly switched from zero to a predetermined value. The predetermined value is a value obtained using a d-axis current table preset in the control device, and is considered to be a value different from zero. Thus, in the control device described in Patent Document 2, when switching from the maximum torque control to the field weakening control, the d-axis current PI calculation unit is suddenly switched from the substantially stopped state to the operating state, and the d-axis current is switched. Since the internal state of the d-axis current PI calculation unit to which the command value is input fluctuates abruptly, there is a possibility that a large switching shock may occur due to the time-series internal state difference in the d-axis current PI calculation unit.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a motor control device that can reduce a switching shock due to a difference in internal state of each controller.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a motor control device according to a first aspect of the present invention decomposes a motor current flowing through a motor into a q-axis current and a d-axis current, and the vector of the motor. A motor control device that performs control, a speed controller that generates a current command value according to a speed difference that is a difference between an angular velocity command and an angular velocity, and a difference between a q-axis current command value and a q-axis current detection value Q-axis current controller that generates a q-axis voltage command value according to the q-axis current difference and d-axis current difference that is the difference between the d-axis current command value and the d-axis current detection value. A d-axis current controller that generates an axis voltage command value, and the current command value is output as the q-axis current command value from the speed controller to the q-axis current controller in the normal control mode, Weak magnetic flux control mode corresponding to saturation of applied voltage As the current command value from Oite the speed controller to the d-axis current controller side is outputted as the d-axis current command value, characterized by comprising a switching unit for switching.

  Further, the motor control device according to the second aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the q-axis current controller is respectively in the normal control mode and the weakening magnetic flux control mode. The q-axis voltage command value is generated, and the d-axis current controller generates the d-axis voltage command value in each of the normal control mode and the weakening magnetic flux control mode.

  A motor control device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the d-axis current command value is based on the q-axis current command value in the normal control mode. And a d-axis current calculation processing unit for calculating the q-axis current command value based on the detected d-axis current value in the flux-weakening control mode. To do.

  The motor control device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the switching unit is configured to output the d-axis current from the speed controller in the normal control mode. Switching so that the current command value is output as the q-axis current command value to the calculation processing unit, and the d-axis current detection value is input to the q-axis current calculation processing unit in the flux-weakening control mode. Features.

  Further, the motor control device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein the switching unit is connected to the d-axis current calculation processing unit in the normal control mode. The calculated d-axis current command value is output to the d-axis current controller side, and the calculated q-axis current from the q-axis current calculation processing unit to the q-axis current controller side in the flux-weakening control mode. Switching is performed so that the command value is output.

  A motor control device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to any one of the third to fifth aspects of the present invention, wherein the low-pass filter detects the d-axis current detection value. It further includes a second low-pass filter that performs filter processing and outputs the value subjected to low-pass filter processing to the q-axis current calculation processing unit as a value corresponding to the detected d-axis current value.

  A motor control device according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, wherein the speed difference is calculated in the normal control mode. A value obtained by multiplying the speed difference by a negative gain is input to the speed controller and input to the speed controller in the flux-weakening control mode.

  The motor control device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects of the present invention, wherein the switching unit includes the q-axis current control. The output destination of the current command value is switched while maintaining the state where the controller and the d-axis current controller are operating.

  A motor control device according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, wherein the speed controller has at least an integrator, and the motor control device A first initial value providing unit that causes the speed controller to input the d-axis current detection value as an initial value of integral control in the weak magnetic flux control mode when the normal control mode is switched to the weak magnetic flux control mode. Is further provided.

  The motor control device according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein the q-axis current is switched when the weak magnetic flux control mode is switched to the normal control mode. The apparatus further comprises a second initial value providing unit that causes the detected value to be input to the speed controller as an initial value of integral control in the normal control mode.

  A motor control device according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention is the motor control device according to any one of the first to tenth aspects of the present invention, wherein the q-axis voltage command value and the d-axis A non-interacting controller that makes the voltage command value non-interfering, a first low-pass filter that performs low-pass filter processing on the q-axis current detection value and outputs the result to the non-interacting controller, and the d-axis And a second low-pass filter that performs low-pass filter processing on the detected current value and outputs the result to the non-interacting controller.

  According to the present invention, the internal state of the d-axis current controller before and after switching between the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode can be made close to each other, and the switching between the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode can be performed. Since the internal states of the q-axis current controllers before and after can be made close to each other, stable control switching can be performed without changing the gain of each current controller. That is, since the configuration of each controller is not changed as much as possible before and after switching, switching shock due to the time-series difference in internal state in each controller can be reduced. In addition, the speed controller, the d-axis current controller, and the q-axis current controller are commonly used as a controller for the normal control mode and a controller for the flux-weakening control mode, respectively. Thereby, the influence which the difference in the internal state between each controller has on the switching shock can be reduced as compared with the case where the respective dedicated controllers in the normal control mode and the weak magnetic flux control mode are used. Therefore, the switching shock due to the difference in the internal state of each controller can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a motor control device according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the motor control device according to the embodiment (in the normal control mode). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the motor control device according to the embodiment (in the flux-weakening control mode). FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the definition of coordinate axes in the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the definition of variable names in the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a switching operation between the normal control mode and the weak magnetic flux control mode in the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a vector diagram of the normal control mode in the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a vector diagram of the voltage saturation point B in the embodiment. FIG. 9 is a vector diagram of the flux-weakening control mode in the embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the voltage command generation unit (in the normal control mode) in the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pre-filter in the embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the voltage command generation unit (in the weak magnetic flux control mode) in the embodiment.

  Embodiments of a motor control device according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment.
A motor control device 1 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the motor control device 1. FIG. 2 shows a configuration of the motor control device 1 in a state where the mode is switched to the normal control mode. FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the motor control device 1 in a state in which the mode is switched to the flux-weakening control mode. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the definition of coordinate axes. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the definition of variable names.

  In the coordinate axes used in the following description, as shown in FIG. 4, the d axis is the magnetic flux axis of the rotor (the N pole side is the + direction), the q axis is the axis orthogonal to the d axis, and θe is the rotating magnetic field. It is a rotation angle (phase difference from the fixed coordinate α-axis), and ωe is an electrical angular velocity of the dq axis. In addition, FIG. 5 shows main variable names used in the following description.

  The motor control device 1 performs vector control of the motor M by decomposing the motor current flowing through the motor M into a q-axis current and a d-axis current. The motor M is a motor having a salient pole ratio larger than 1, for example. In the motor M, when the rotational speed increases, the counter electromotive force due to the power generation action increases, and it may be difficult to further increase the rotational speed (that is, a voltage saturation state).

  On the other hand, if weakening magnetic flux control that weakens the magnetic flux in the motor M can be performed, the counter electromotive force can be suppressed and the rotational speed can be further increased. Therefore, the motor control device 1 has, for example, a normal control mode and a weak magnetic flux control mode as the control mode, and switches from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode according to the fact that the voltage saturation state is approached. It is configured to switch from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode in accordance with the distance from the voltage saturation state.

  That is, the flux-weakening control mode is a mode corresponding to the saturation of the voltage applied to the motor M. For example, switching from the normal control mode to the flux-weakening control mode may be performed when the applied voltage to the motor M is saturated, or immediately before the applied voltage to the motor M is saturated (closed to a voltage saturation state). May be performed).

  In the high rotation region control method using the weak magnetic flux, the magnetic flux in the motor M is generally weakened by advancing the phase of the voltage vector. With this method, when switching from the normal control mode to the flux-weakening control mode, switching shocks (abrupt fluctuations in voltage and current at the time of switching) can occur due to discontinuities in the switching points due to motor constant mismatches. There is sex.

  In addition, as a result of examination by the present inventor, when switching between normal control and flux-weakening control, the difference in internal state of each controller (difference in internal state among multiple controllers) exceeds the mismatch of motor constants. It was found that there is a possibility that the switching shock due to the time-series internal state in each controller increases.

  If the motor controller 1 employs a weak flux control method that advances the phase of the voltage vector, in the normal control mode, the vector control is performed by operating the q-axis current and the d-axis current, and the weak flux control mode. Then, vector control is performed by manipulating the phase of the voltage vector. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare dedicated controllers for the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode, and to switch the controller to be operated when switching between the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode.

  For example, as a controller exclusively used for the normal control mode, a q-axis current command calculation unit for calculating a q-axis current command and a d-axis current command calculation unit for calculating a d-axis current command are prepared, and a flux weakening Consider a case where a phase error command calculation unit for calculating a phase error command is prepared as a controller dedicated to the control mode. In this case, in the normal control mode in which the q-axis current command calculation unit and the d-axis current command calculation unit are operated to operate the q-axis current and the d-axis current, the internal state of the phase error command calculation unit to be operated by the flux-weakening control Is undefined. Conversely, in the magnetic flux weakening control mode in which the phase error command calculation unit is operated to operate the voltage phase, the respective internal states of the q-axis current command calculation unit and the d-axis current command calculation unit to be operated in the normal control are Indefinite. Therefore, when switching between the normal control mode and the weak magnetic flux control mode, due to the difference in internal state between the q-axis current command calculation unit and the d-axis current command calculation unit and the phase error command calculation unit, Large switching shocks can occur.

  On the other hand, it is also conceivable to weaken the magnetic flux in the motor M by manipulating the d-axis current instead of advancing the phase of the voltage vector.

  Temporarily, in the motor control device 1, the d-axis current value to be operated, that is, the d-axis current command value, is experimentally obtained in advance as a predetermined value for each combination of the torque command value and the rotational speed, and the obtained predetermined value is obtained. Consider a case in which a combination of the torque value, the torque command value, and the rotation speed is preset in the motor control device 1 as a table. In this case, each of the plurality of predetermined values in the table is considered to be a value different from zero. In the motor control device 1, in the normal control mode, the d-axis current command value fixed to zero is input to the d-axis current PI calculation unit, and in the flux weakening control mode, it is obtained from the table according to the torque command value and the rotation speed. The obtained d-axis current command value is input to the d-axis current PI calculation unit. For this reason, when switching from the normal control mode to the flux-weakening control mode, the d-axis current command value is suddenly switched from zero to a predetermined value, and the d-axis current PI calculation unit is changed from a substantially stopped state to an operating state. It will change suddenly. As a result, when switching from the normal control mode to the flux-weakening control mode, the internal state of the d-axis current PI calculation unit to which the d-axis current command value is input fluctuates rapidly. Large switching shocks can occur due to differences in internal conditions.

  Further, the control current in the normal state includes the correction amount of the controller, and even the rotating coordinate system is not necessarily a direct current value. If processing for correcting these constants and controller mismatches at the time of switching is performed, a time loss such as requiring a correction time for switching occurs, so that the followability of control may deteriorate.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the current controller has the same configuration as that in the normal state, and the speed controller is switched to the q-axis side in the normal control mode and to the d-axis side in the weak magnetic flux control mode (gain is a negative value). Therefore, it is aimed to realize a flux-weakening control with a simple control so as not to change the configuration of the controller as much as possible before and after switching.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the motor control device 1 includes a drive unit 10, a detection unit 50, a calculation unit 20, a voltage command generation unit 30, and an integration unit 60.

  The drive unit 10 drives the synchronous motor M by supplying three-phase AC signals U, V, and W to the synchronous motor M. The internal configuration of the drive unit 10 will be described later.

The detection unit 50 detects (picks up) the amplitude of at least two-phase currents. Specifically, the detection unit 50 includes a current sensor 51 and a current sensor 52. The current sensor 51 detects the amplitude of the U-phase current i _U and supplies it to the computing unit 20. The current sensor 52 detects the amplitude of the W-phase current i _W and supplies it to the computing unit 20. Each of the current sensor 51 and the current sensor 52 may AD-convert the current value and supply it to the arithmetic unit 20 as a signal that can be controlled by a digital computer.

The computing unit 20 receives the detected current vector (i _U , i _W ) from the detecting unit 50 and receives the estimated rotation angle θe ′ from the integrating unit 60. The computing unit 20 obtains an estimated angular velocity ωe ′ and an estimated angular velocity ωm ′ according to the current vector (i _U , i _W ) and the estimated rotation angle θe ′.

  Specifically, the calculation unit 20 includes a three-phase to two-phase converter (UVW / dq) 21, an axis error calculation processing unit 22, a PLL controller 23, a low-pass filter (LPF) 24, and a converter 25. Including.

The three-phase to two-phase converter 21 receives the detected value of the amplitude of the U-phase current i _U from the current sensor 51 and receives the detected value of the amplitude of the W-phase current i _W from the current sensor 52. The three-phase to two-phase converter receives the estimated rotation angle θe ′ of the rotating coordinate system from the integrating unit 60. For example, the three-phase to two-phase converter 21 converts a current vector (i _U , i _W ) in a fixed coordinate system (UVW coordinate system) to a current vector (Id, Iq) in a rotating coordinate system (dq coordinate system). Convert. The rotating coordinate system (dq coordinate system) has a d axis and a q axis that intersect each other. Alternatively, for example, current vector _(i U, _{i W)} in the fixed coordinate system (UVW coordinate system) from the current vector _{(i U, i V, i} W) estimates the, estimated current vector _(i U, _{i V} , I _W ) may be converted into a current vector (Id, Iq) in a rotating coordinate system (dq coordinate system).

Since each component in the current vector (Id, Iq) is converted from the detected current vector (i _U , i _W ), hereinafter, the d-axis current detection value Id, the q-axis current detection value Iq and I will call it.

  The three-phase to two-phase converter 21 outputs the d-axis current detection value Id and the q-axis current detection value Iq to the voltage command generation unit 30 and the axis error calculation processing unit 22.

  The axis error calculation processing unit 22 receives the d-axis current detection value Id and the q-axis current detection value Iq from the three-phase / two-phase converter 21 and outputs the d-axis voltage command value Vd * and the q-axis voltage command value Vq * to the voltage. Received from the command generator 30. The axis error calculation processing unit 22 estimates the estimated error at the estimated rotation angle θe ′ according to the d-axis current detection value Id, the q-axis current detection value Iq, the d-axis voltage command value Vd *, and the q-axis voltage command value Vq *. Is determined as an axial error Δθ. The axis error calculation processing unit 22 outputs the obtained axis error Δθ to the PLL controller 23.

  In the axis error calculation processing unit 22, it is assumed that the rotational position of the rotor is known by some method. For example, the rotational position of the rotor may be estimated by a known sensorless method, or may be recognized by receiving a detection value from a sensor (encoder). In the following, the case of estimation using the sensorless method is described as an example. However, in the case of receiving and recognizing the detection value from the sensor (encoder), “estimated angular velocity” can be read as “real angular velocity”. The following explanation can be applied as it is.

  The PLL controller 23 corrects the estimated angular velocity ωe ′ estimated immediately before according to the axis error Δθ. The PLL controller 23 outputs the corrected estimated angular velocity ωe ′ to the integrating unit 60 and the low-pass filter 24.

  The low-pass filter 24 performs low-pass filter processing on the estimated angular velocity ωe ′ in order to remove the correction noise when there is a lot of noise (correction noise) generated by the correction by the PLL controller 23. The low-pass filter 24 outputs the estimated angular velocity ωe ″ after processing to the converter 25.

The converter 25 converts the estimated angular velocity ωe ″ into the mechanical estimated angular velocity ωm ′ of the rotor. That is, the converter 25 converts the estimated angular velocity ωe ″ of the rotating magnetic field in the fixed coordinate system (UVW coordinate system) to the pole pair P. Dividing by _n ( _Pn is the number of pole pairs of the motor) (multiplying the reciprocal 1 / _Pn of the number of pole pairs), the mechanical angular velocity ωm ′ of the rotor in the motor M is obtained. The converter 25 outputs the obtained estimated angular velocity ωm ′ to the voltage command generator 30.

  The voltage command generation unit 30 receives the d-axis current detection value Id, the q-axis current detection value Iq, and the estimated angular velocity ωm ′ from the calculation unit 20, and receives the angular velocity command ωm * from the outside (for example, a host controller not shown). . The voltage command generator 30 generates a d-axis voltage command value Vd * and a q-axis voltage command value Vq * according to the d-axis current detection value Id, the q-axis current detection value Iq, the estimated angular velocity ωm ′, and the angular velocity command ωm *. Is output to the drive unit 10 and the calculation unit 20. The details of the voltage command generator 30 will be described later.

  The integration unit 60 integrates the estimated angular velocity ωe ′ to obtain the estimated rotation angle θe ′.

  Specifically, the integration unit 60 includes an integrator 61. The integrator 61 integrates the estimated angular velocity ωe ′ of the rotating magnetic field to calculate an estimated rotating angle θe ′ that is an estimated value of the rotating magnetic field phase angle θe (see FIG. 4) in the fixed coordinate system (UVW coordinate system). To do. The integrator 61 outputs the calculated estimated rotation angle θe ′ to the drive unit 10 and the calculation unit 20, respectively.

The drive unit 10 receives the d-axis voltage command value Vd * and the q-axis voltage command value Vq * from the voltage command generation unit 30, receives the estimated rotation angle θe ′ from the integration unit 60, and receives the control signal V _DC from the outside (for example, , Received from a host controller (not shown). The drive unit 10 synchronizes the three-phase AC signals U, V, and W according to the d-axis voltage command value Vd *, the q-axis voltage command value Vq *, the estimated rotation angle θe ′, and the control signal _VDC. By supplying to M, the synchronous motor M is driven.

  Specifically, the drive unit 10 includes a two-phase to three-phase converter (dq / UVW) 11, a PWM modulator 12, and an intelligent power module (IPM) 13.

  The two-phase to three-phase converter (dq / UVW) 11 includes a d-axis voltage command value Vd * and a q-axis voltage command Vq *, that is, a voltage command vector (Vd *) in a rotating coordinate system (dq coordinate system). , Vq *) from the voltage command generator 30. The two-phase to three-phase converter 11 receives the estimated rotation angle θe ′ from the integration unit 60. For example, the two-phase to three-phase converter 11 converts the voltage command vector (Vd *, Vq *) in the rotation coordinate system (dq coordinate system) into a fixed coordinate system (UVW coordinate system) according to the estimated rotation angle θe ′. ) To voltage command vectors (Vu *, Vv *, Vw *).

The PWM modulator 12 is a voltage command vector (Vu *, Vv *, Vw *) in a fixed coordinate system (UVW coordinate system), that is, a U-phase voltage command Vu *, a V-phase voltage command Vv *, and a W-phase voltage command Vw *. Is received from the two-phase to three-phase converter 11. The PWM modulator 12 converts the U-phase voltage command Vu *, the V-phase voltage command Vv *, and the W-phase voltage command Vw * into a PWM signal according to the control signal _VDC and supplies the PWM signal to the intelligent power module 13. As a result, the PWM modulator 12 drives the synchronous motor M via the intelligent power module 13.

  The intelligent power module 13 receives a PWM signal from the PWM modulator 12. The intelligent power module 13 has a plurality of switching elements (not shown), for example, performs a power conversion operation by switching the plurality of switching elements at a predetermined timing according to the PWM signal, and generates the generated three-phase AC signal U, By supplying V and W to the motor M, the motor M is driven.

  Next, the configuration of the voltage command generation unit 30 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The voltage command generation unit 30 includes a switching unit 39, a mode control unit 71, a prefilter 31, a subtractor 32, a multiplier 38, a speed controller 33, a d-axis current calculation processing unit 34, a q-axis current calculation processing unit 44, Subtractor 35, subtractor 45, d-axis current controller 36, q-axis current controller 46, first initial value assigning unit 48, second initial value assigning unit 49, non-interacting controller 41, subtractor 37 , An adder 47, a low-pass filter (first low-pass filter) 42, and a low-pass filter (second low-pass filter) 43.

  The switching unit 39 maintains a state in which the q-axis current controller 46 and the d-axis current controller 36 are operating, and the configuration in the normal control mode (see FIG. 2) and the configuration in the weak flux control mode (see FIG. 3).

  Specifically, the switching unit 39 includes a plurality of switches SW1 to SW3.

  The switch SW1 connects the subtractor 35 to one of the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 and the speed controller 33. That is, the switch SW1 has a terminal T13 connected to the subtractor 35, a terminal T11 connected to the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34, and a terminal T12 connected to the speed controller 33. The switch SW1 connects the terminal T13 to one of the terminal T11 and the terminal T12.

  The switch SW2 connects the subtracter 45 to one of the speed controller 33 and the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44. That is, the switch SW2 has a terminal T23 connected to the subtracter 45, a terminal T22 connected to the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44, and a terminal T21 connected to the speed controller 33. The switch SW2 connects the terminal T23 to one of the terminal T21 and the terminal T22.

  The switch SW3 connects the subtractor 32 to one of the speed controller 33 and the multiplier 38. That is, the switch SW3 has a terminal T33 connected to the subtracter 32, a terminal T31 connected to the speed controller 33, and a terminal T32 connected to the multiplier 38. The switch SW3 connects the terminal T33 to one of the terminal T31 and the terminal T32.

  For example, in the normal control mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the switch SW1 connects the terminal T13 to the terminal T11, the switch SW2 connects the terminal T23 to the terminal T21, and the switch SW3 connects the terminal T33 to the terminal T31. Has been switched to.

  Or, for example, in the magnetic flux weakening control mode, as shown in FIG. 3, the switch SW1 connects the terminal T13 to the terminal T12, the switch SW2 connects the terminal T23 to the terminal T22, and the switch SW3 connects the terminal T33 to the terminal T32. Switching to connect.

  When the first initial value giving unit 48 is switched from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode, the value corresponding to the d-axis current detection value Id, that is, the d-axis current detection value Id￣ passed through the low-pass filter 43 is used. The speed controller 33 is input as an initial value of integral control in the flux-weakening control mode. The speed controller 33 has, for example, an integrator as will be described later.

  Specifically, the first initial value providing unit 48 includes a switch SW5. The switch SW5 connects the low pass filter 43 to the speed controller 33. That is, the switch SW5 has a terminal T52 connected to the low-pass filter 43 and a terminal T51 connected to the speed controller 33. The switch SW5 makes the connection between the terminal T52 and the terminal T51 conductive or interrupted.

  For example, in the normal control mode, as indicated by a solid line in FIG. 2, the switch SW5 blocks the connection between the terminal T52 and the terminal T51, but immediately before switching from the normal control mode in the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode. At this timing, the switch SW5 makes the connection between the terminal T52 and the terminal T51 conductive as shown by a broken line in FIG. As a result, the d-axis current detection value Id￣ passed through the low-pass filter 43 is input to the speed controller 33 as the initial value of the integration control. When the input of the initial value is completed, the switch SW5 returns to the state where the connection between the terminal T52 and the terminal T51 is cut off, as indicated by the solid line in FIG.

  In the weak magnetic flux control mode, as shown in FIG. 3, the switch SW5 blocks the connection between the terminal T52 and the terminal T51.

  When the second initial value giving unit 49 is switched from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode, the value corresponding to the q-axis current detection value Iq, that is, the q-axis current detection value Iq￣ passed through the low-pass filter 42 is obtained. The speed controller 33 is input as an initial value of integral control in the normal control mode.

  Specifically, the second initial value assigning unit 49 includes a switch SW6. The switch SW6 connects the low pass filter 42 to the speed controller 33. That is, the switch SW6 has a terminal T62 connected to the low-pass filter 42 and a terminal T61 connected to the speed controller 33. The switch SW6 makes the connection between the terminal T62 and the terminal T61 conductive or interrupted.

  For example, in the weak flux control mode, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 3, the switch SW6 blocks the connection between the terminal T62 and the terminal T61, but switches from the weak flux control mode in the weak flux control mode to the normal control mode. At the timing immediately before the switch SW6, the switch SW6 conducts the connection between the terminal T62 and the terminal T61 as indicated by a broken line in FIG. As a result, the q-axis current detection value Iq￣ passed through the low-pass filter 42 is input to the speed controller 33 as the initial value of the integration control. When the input of the initial value is completed, the switch SW6 returns to the state where the connection between the terminal T62 and the terminal T61 is cut off, as indicated by the solid line in FIG.

  In the normal control mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the switch SW6 blocks the connection between the terminal T62 and the terminal T61.

  The mode control unit 71 receives the d-axis current detection value Id￣ that has passed through the low-pass filter 43 and the q-axis current detection value Iq￣ that has passed through the low-pass filter 42. The mode control unit 71 determines, for example, whether or not the control mode should be the normal control mode, or should the weak flux control mode be set according to the d-axis current detection value Id￣ and the q-axis current detection value Iq￣. Decide whether or not. The mode control unit 71 controls the plurality of switches SW1 to SW3 according to the determination result.

  For example, the mode control unit 71 determines that the d-axis current detection value Id￣ and the q-axis current detection value Iq￣ are in the control region corresponding to the normal control mode (for example, the points A to A on the maximum torque / current curve TIC shown in FIG. In the region of point B), it is determined that the control mode should be the normal control mode, and the switch SW6 is temporarily turned on (solid line state → broken line state → solid line state shown in FIG. 3) After that, the plurality of switches SW1 to SW3 are switched from the state shown in FIG. 3 to the state shown in FIG. That is, when switching from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode, the mode control unit 71 inputs the q-axis current detection value Iq 電流 to the speed controller 33 as the initial value of the integral control in the normal control mode. The initial value applying unit 49 is controlled, and then the switching unit 39 is controlled to switch from the configuration in the weak magnetic flux control mode (see FIG. 3) to the configuration in the normal control mode (see FIG. 2).

  Alternatively, for example, in the mode control unit 71, the d-axis current detection value Id￣ and the q-axis current detection value Iq￣ are in the control region corresponding to the magnetic flux control mode (for example, the hatched region shown in FIG. 6). In this case, it is determined that the control mode should be weakened and the magnetic flux control mode should be set, and the plurality of switches SW1 to SW3 are switched to the state shown in FIG. That is, when the mode control unit 71 switches from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode, the mode controller 71 inputs the d-axis current detection value Id 軸 to the speed controller 33 as the initial value of the integral control in the weak magnetic flux control mode. 1 is controlled, and then the switching unit 39 is controlled so as to switch from the configuration in the normal control mode (see FIG. 2) to the configuration in the weak magnetic flux control mode (see FIG. 3).

The pre-filter 31 receives an angular velocity command ωm * from the outside. The pre-filter 31 performs processing for alleviating sudden fluctuations in the angular velocity command value with respect to the angular velocity command ωm *. The prefilter 31 outputs the processed angular velocity command ωm ^{to the} subtractor 32.

The subtracter 32 obtains a speed difference Δωm a difference angular velocity command .omega.m ^~ and the estimated angular velocity .omega.m '. That is, the subtractor 32 receives the angular velocity command ωm˜ ^{from the} pre-filter 31 and receives the estimated angular velocity ωm ′ from the calculation unit 20. The subtracter 32 subtracts the estimated angular .omega.m 'from the angular velocity command .omega.m ^~. The subtractor 32 outputs the subtraction result as a speed difference Δωm to the speed controller 33 side.

  For example, in the normal control mode, when the switch SW3 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 2 by the switching unit 39, the subtractor 32 outputs the speed difference Δωm to the speed controller 33 via the switch SW3.

  Alternatively, for example, in the weak magnetic flux control mode, when the switch SW3 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 3 by the switching unit 39, the subtractor 32 outputs the speed difference Δωm to the multiplier 38 via the switch SW3.

  When the multiplier 38 receives the speed difference Δωm, the multiplier 38 multiplies the speed difference Δωm by a negative gain “−G” (for example, −1). The multiplier 38 outputs a value (−G × Δωm) obtained by multiplying the speed difference by a negative gain to the speed controller 33.

  The speed controller 33 generates a current command value according to the speed difference Δωm. The speed controller 33 includes, for example, an integrator and a proportional device, and generates a current command value using the integrator and the proportional device in accordance with the speed difference Δωm.

  For example, in the normal control mode, when the switches SW2 and SW3 are switched to the state shown in FIG. 2 by the switching unit 39, the speed controller 33 receives the speed difference Δωm from the subtractor 32, and receives the current command from the speed difference Δωm. A value is generated, and the generated current command value is output to the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 and the subtracter 45 as the q-axis current command value Iq *.

  Alternatively, for example, in the weak magnetic flux control mode, when the switches SW1 and SW3 are switched to the state shown in FIG. 3 by the switching unit 39, the speed controller 33 is a value obtained by applying a negative gain to the speed difference (−G × Δωm) is received from the multiplier 38, a current command value is generated from a value obtained by multiplying the speed difference by a negative gain (−G × Δωm), and the generated current command value is subtracted as a d-axis current command value Id *. Output to the device 35.

  The d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 receives the q-axis current command value Iq * from the speed controller 33, for example, in the normal control mode. The d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 performs predetermined calculation processing on the q-axis current command value Iq *, and converts the q-axis current command value Iq * into the d-axis current command value Id * (calculates Id *). . The d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 outputs the converted d-axis current command value Id * to the subtractor 35 when the switch SW1 is switched to the state shown in FIG. To do.

  The q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 receives the value Id corresponding to the d-axis current detection value, that is, the d-axis current detection value Id￣ subjected to the low-pass filter processing from the low-pass filter 43, for example, in the flux-weakening control mode. The q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 performs a predetermined calculation process on the d-axis current detection value Id￣, and converts the d-axis current detection value Id に into a q-axis current command value Iq * (calculates Iq *). . For example, when the switch SW2 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 3 by the switching unit 39 in the flux-weakening control mode, the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 sends the converted q-axis current command value Iq * to the subtracter 45. Output.

  The subtractor 35 obtains a d-axis current difference ΔId that is a difference between the d-axis current command value Id * and the d-axis current detection value Id.

  For example, in the normal control mode, when the switch SW1 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 2 by the switching unit 39, the subtractor 35 receives the d-axis current command value Id * from the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34, and d The shaft current detection value Id is received from the calculation unit 20. The subtracter 35 subtracts the d-axis current detection value Id from the d-axis current command value Id *. The subtracter 35 outputs the subtraction result to the d-axis current controller 36 as the d-axis current difference ΔId.

  Alternatively, for example, when the switch SW1 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 3 in the magnetic flux weakening control mode, the subtractor 35 receives the d-axis current command value Id * from the speed controller 33, and d The shaft current detection value Id is received from the calculation unit 20. The subtracter 35 subtracts the d-axis current detection value Id from the d-axis current command value Id *. The subtracter 35 outputs the subtraction result to the d-axis current controller 36 as the d-axis current difference ΔId.

  The subtracter 45 obtains a q-axis current difference ΔIq that is a difference between the q-axis current command value Iq * and the q-axis current detection value Iq.

  For example, in the normal control mode, when the switch SW2 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 2 by the switching unit 39, the subtractor 45 receives the q-axis current command value Iq * from the speed controller 33 and detects the q-axis current. The value Iq is received from the calculation unit 20. The subtracter 45 subtracts the q-axis current detection value Iq from the q-axis current command value Iq *. The subtracter 45 outputs the subtraction result to the q-axis current controller 46 as the q-axis current difference ΔIq.

  Alternatively, for example, in the weak magnetic flux control mode, when the switch SW2 is switched to the state shown in FIG. 3 by the switching unit 39, the subtracter 45 receives the q-axis current command value Iq * from the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44. The q-axis current detection value Iq is received from the calculation unit 20. The subtracter 45 subtracts the q-axis current detection value Iq from the q-axis current command value Iq *. The subtracter 45 outputs the subtraction result to the q-axis current controller 46 as the q-axis current difference ΔIq.

  The d-axis current controller 36 generates a d-axis voltage command value Vd ** according to the d-axis current difference ΔId. The d-axis current controller 36 includes, for example, an integrator and a proportional device, and generates a d-axis voltage command value Vd ** using the integrator and the proportional device in accordance with the d-axis current difference ΔId.

  That is, the d-axis current controller 36 continuously receives the d-axis current difference ΔId when the normal control mode is switched to the weak magnetic flux control mode, and the operating state is maintained. Further, the d-axis current controller 36 continuously receives the d-axis current difference ΔId when the flux-weakening control mode is switched to the normal control mode, and the operating state is maintained. Thereby, the internal state of the d-axis current controller 36 before and after switching between the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode can be made close to each other.

  Further, the d-axis current controller 36 is commonly used as a controller for the normal control mode and a controller for the flux-weakening control mode. That is, the d-axis current controller 36 continuously receives the d-axis current difference ΔId in each of the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode, and the d-axis voltage command value Vd is determined according to the d-axis current difference ΔId. Generate ** continuously. Thereby, the internal state of the d-axis current controller 36 in the normal control mode and the internal state of the d-axis current controller 36 in the flux-weakening control mode can be made close to each other.

  The q-axis current controller 46 generates a q-axis voltage command value Vq ** according to the q-axis current difference ΔIq. The q-axis current controller 46 includes, for example, an integrator and a proportional device, and generates a q-axis voltage command value Vq ** using the integrator and the proportional device in accordance with the q-axis current difference ΔIq.

  That is, the q-axis current controller 46 continuously receives the q-axis current difference ΔIq when the normal control mode is switched to the weak magnetic flux control mode, and the operating state is maintained. Further, when the q-axis current controller 46 is switched from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode, the q-axis current controller 46 continuously receives the q-axis current difference ΔIq, and the operating state is maintained. Thereby, the internal state of the q-axis current controller 46 before and after switching between the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode can be made close to each other.

  The q-axis current controller 46 is commonly used as a controller for the normal control mode and a controller for the flux-weakening control mode. That is, the q-axis current controller 46 continuously receives the q-axis current difference ΔIq in each of the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode, and the q-axis voltage command value Vq in accordance with the q-axis current difference ΔIq. Generate ** continuously. Thereby, the internal state of the q-axis current controller 46 in the normal control mode and the internal state of the q-axis current controller 46 in the flux-weakening control mode can be made close to each other.

  The non-interacting controller 41 decouples the q-axis voltage command value Vq ** and the d-axis voltage command value Vd **. Specifically, the non-interacting controller 41 includes a q-axis side non-interacting device 41q and a d-axis side non-interacting device 41d.

  The q-axis side decoupling device 41q receives the d-axis current detection value Id 値 from the low-pass filter 43, and decouples the q-axis voltage command value Vq ** in accordance with the d-axis current detection value Id￣. A non-interacting correction value Vqa is obtained. The q-axis side non-interacting device 41q outputs the non-interacting correction value Vqa to the adder 47.

  The d-axis side decoupling device 41d receives the q-axis current detection value Iq 値 from the low-pass filter 42, and makes the d-axis voltage command value Vd ** non-interfering according to the q-axis current detection value Iq￣. A non-interacting correction value Vda is obtained. The d-axis side non-interacting device 41 d outputs the non-interacting correction value Vda to the subtractor 37.

  The subtractor 37 corrects the d-axis voltage command value Vd ** with the non-interacting correction value Vda. That is, the subtractor 37 receives the d-axis voltage command value Vd ** from the d-axis current controller 36, and receives the decoupling correction value Vda from the d-axis side decoupling unit 41d. The subtractor 37 subtracts the non-interacting correction value Vda from the d-axis voltage command value Vd **. The subtractor 37 outputs the subtraction result to the drive unit 10 and the calculation unit 20 as the d-axis voltage command value Vd * after decoupling.

  The adder 47 corrects the q-axis voltage command value Vq ** with the non-interacting correction value Vqa. That is, the adder 47 receives the q-axis voltage command value Vq ** from the q-axis current controller 46, and receives the non-interacting correction value Vqa from the q-axis side non-interacting device 41q. The adder 47 subtracts the non-interacting correction value Vqa from the q-axis voltage command value Vq **. The adder 47 outputs the subtraction result to the drive unit 10 and the calculation unit 20 as the q-axis voltage command value Vq * after decoupling.

  The low-pass filter 42 receives the q-axis current detection value Iq from the calculation unit 20. The low-pass filter 42 performs low-pass filter processing on the q-axis current detection value Iq. The low-pass filter 42 outputs the processed q-axis current detection value Iq￣ to the mode control unit 71, the non-interacting controller 41, and the second initial value providing unit 49.

  The low pass filter 43 receives the d-axis current detection value Id from the calculation unit 20. The low-pass filter 43 performs low-pass filter processing on the d-axis current detection value Id. The low-pass filter 43 outputs the processed d-axis current detection value Id￣ to the mode control unit 71, the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44, the non-interacting controller 41, and the first initial value providing unit 48.

  If the low-pass filter 42 and the low-pass filter 43 are not provided, in the weak flux control mode, if the output voltage is saturated, the voltage cannot be output in response to a sudden change in the current controller (such as PWM full duty). The controller M may overcorrect and the motor M may stop stepping out.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the d-axis current detection value Id and the q-axis current detection value Iq are passed through the low-pass filters 42 and 43, respectively, and values obtained by removing steep changes are used for control. Can be secured.

  Specifically, it is used to determine whether to shift to the flux-weakening control from the normal time or vice versa, and at the time of switching, the integral memory of the speed PI controller is initialized with the average value so that there is no switching shock. Mode transition can be realized.

  Further, in the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 in the flux-weakening control mode, the d-axis current detection value Id￣ passed through the low-pass filter 42 is calculated as the reference current value of the q-axis current controller 46. By using it as an element, distortion of the current waveform accompanying voltage saturation can be reduced as much as possible.

  Next, operation | movement of the motor control apparatus 1 is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a switching operation between the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode.

  As described above, the motor M controlled by the motor control device 1 is a motor having a salient pole ratio larger than 1, for example.

  The motor M is a motor having a salient pole ratio Lq / Ld, which is a ratio of the q-axis inductance Lq to the d-axis inductance Ld, larger than 1, for example, an IPM (Interior Permanent Magnetic) motor.

  The IPM motor has an embedded magnet structure in which a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor. The d-axis represents the direction of the magnetic flux produced by the magnetic poles of the rotor (the central axis of the permanent magnet) and is also called the magnetic flux axis. The q axis represents an axis (an axis between permanent magnets) that is electrically and magnetically orthogonal to the d axis, and is also called a torque axis. Although not shown, the linkage flux due to the d-axis current Id is limited because a magnet with low permeability is in the middle, whereas the linkage flux due to the q-axis current Iq is a material having a higher permeability than the magnet. (E.g. silicon steel) passes through and becomes larger. During the steady operation of the IPM motor, the d-axis magnetic resistance is larger than the q-axis magnetic resistance, and the d-axis inductance Ld is smaller than the q-axis inductance Lq. That is, the salient pole ratio Lq / Ld, which is the ratio of the q-axis inductance Lq to the d-axis inductance Ld, is greater than 1.

  In such a motor M having a salient pole ratio larger than 1, the voltage applied to the motor M, that is, the PWM voltage is saturated by reluctance torque using the saliency of the inductance, as shown in equation (8) described later. The rotational speed can be increased later. After the PWM voltage is saturated, the reluctance torque can be increased by increasing the negative d-axis current.

  In the operation characteristics of the motor M shown in FIG. 6, a maximum torque / current curve TIC, constant induced voltage ellipses F0 to F2, constant torque curves T1 and T2, and a maximum torque / induced voltage curve TVC are shown.

  The motor control device 1 controls the d-axis current and the q-axis current along the points A to B in the maximum torque / current curve TIC shown in FIG. 6 in the normal control mode. Assuming that the motor M is operating in a steady state (constant speed operation at an arbitrary number of revolutions) and ignoring the induced voltage term associated with the time change of the current, the voltage-current equation of the motor M (synchronous motor) is It becomes.

  In the operation characteristics of the motor M shown in FIG. 6, the point B is a state where the PWM becomes full duty and the voltage is saturated (voltage saturation point). This point B varies depending on the state of the load, and FIG. 6 shows a case where the constant torque curve T1 is balanced with the load.

  Therefore, the motor M (synchronous motor) can be efficiently controlled up to point B at an arbitrary rotational speed. In the section from point A to point B, it is most efficient to operate on the maximum torque / current curve TIC, and the d-axis current on the negative side so that the synergistic effect of magnet torque and reluctance torque works optimally. To control.

  When the q-axis side current is fed back and controlled by the controller for speed control, the d-axis current value for tracing on the maximum torque / current curve TIC at that time is given by the following equation (2). A method of controlling in accordance with Equation 2 will be referred to as a normal control mode (maximum torque / current control mode).

  A constant induced voltage ellipse F0 further intersecting at the point B is a curve indicating the induced voltage at the point B when the voltage is saturated. The induced voltage is a voltage obtained by subtracting the voltage drop due to the winding resistance from the drive voltage of the motor M (synchronous motor), and is a value represented by the following Expression 3 from Expression 1 above.

誘起電圧のスカラ値Ｖｏは、下記の式４に示すようになる。

The scalar value Vo of the induced voltage is as shown in Equation 4 below.

  Incidentally, the scalar value of the drive voltage given to the motor M (synchronous motor) is as shown in the following equation (5).

  By the way, the constant induced voltage ellipses F0 to F2 are trajectories of the d-axis current and the q-axis current at which the scalar value Vo of the induced voltage shown in Expression 4 is constant. At point B, the scalar value Vo of the induced voltage has a maximum value obtained by subtracting the voltage drop due to the resistance from the saturation voltage. Further, the induced voltage is also a function of the angular velocity ωe as shown in Equation 3 above, and the locus of each constant induced voltage ellipse F0 to F2 is also a locus where the motor M (synchronous motor) operates at a constant speed. .

  If the load is increased at point B in FIG. 6, the speed at point B can be maintained by controlling the d-axis current and the q-axis current tracing the constant induced voltage ellipse F0. If the load is T2, the speed can be maintained by matching the d-axis current and the q-axis current indicated by the intersection (point C) between the constant torque curve T2 and the constant induced voltage ellipse F0. Note that the torque increases as the constant torque curve increases (for example, T2> T1).

  The constant induction voltage ellipses F <b> 0 to F <b> 2 decrease in diameter as the rotational speed of the motor M (synchronous motor) increases. In FIG. 6, the diameter of the constant induced voltage ellipse decreases in the direction of F0 → F1 → F2 as the rotational speed increases.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a vector diagram (depending on the characteristics of the motor M (synchronous motor)) in the section from point A to point B shown in FIG. Note that the vector diagram of FIG. 7 is enlarged for explanation. Therefore, it should be noted that the scale is different from the following vector diagrams (FIGS. 8 and 9).

  Φ0 shown in FIG. 7 indicates the magnitude of the magnetic flux, and the magnitude of the magnetic flux φ0 is obtained as shown in the following Expression 6.

  Next, a vector diagram at the voltage saturation point B is shown in FIG. The meaning of the vector line segment is the same as the value shown in FIG. At the voltage saturation point B, since the drive voltage is the maximum value, the induced voltage Vo at this time is set to Vom. However, since the induced voltage is a value obtained by subtracting the voltage drop due to the resistance from the driving voltage of the motor M as described above, the maximum value varies somewhat depending on the driving current value. Therefore, when it is given as a constant value, it must be a value that takes into account the voltage drop due to resistance in the entire operation region.

  At the voltage saturation point B, the PWM voltage is saturated and it is difficult to further increase the rotational speed in the normal control mode. Therefore, the motor control device 1 switches from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode. In the flux-weakening control mode, control is performed to increase the rotational speed of the motor M (synchronous motor) while maintaining Vom.

  If the load is constant regardless of the rotation speed, the load moves to the left on the constant torque curve T1 in FIG. Since the diameter of the constant induced voltage ellipse that intersects the constant torque curve T1 is in the reduction direction, the speed of the motor M (synchronous motor) can be increased.

  However, in the case of a compressor load, the load increases as the rotational speed increases, so the constant torque curve changes upward. For example, if the compressor load in a certain state increases to torque T2 (constant torque curve T2), the constant induced voltage ellipse can transition from F0 to F1, and the motor M (synchronous motor) is on the constant induced voltage ellipse F1. Can increase speed.

  Therefore, in the magnetic flux weakening control mode, an appropriate d-axis current and q-axis in the area surrounded by the points B, C, D, and E (hatched hatched area) in FIG. Control to select the current is performed.

  When the upper limit value of the induced voltage is Vom, the equation indicating the constant induced voltage ellipse is expressed by the following equation 7 by rewriting Vo in Equation 4 above to Vom. The case of the equal sign is the case of the PWM output limit.

  From FIG. 6, it can be seen that the negative d-axis current may be increased in order to increase the rotational speed under the constant induced voltage condition. The vector diagram is as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 shows that the absolute value of the d-axis current increases, the d-axis side magnetic flux and the q-axis side induced voltage decrease, and the current angle advances toward the reluctance torque.

  In a motor M (synchronous motor) having a salient pole ratio, the output torque T is calculated by the following equation (8).

  In Equation 8, the term Pn × φa × Iq represents the magnet torque, and the term Pn × (Ld−Lq) × Id × Iq represents the reluctance torque. In the flux-weakening control mode (see FIG. 9), the q-axis current Iq may be smaller than in the normal control mode (see FIG. 7), so the magnet torque may be reduced.

  However, if the salient pole ratio Lq / Ld is a value larger than 1, (Ld−Lq) is a negative value. Therefore, if the d-axis current is increased to the negative side, the decrease in the magnet torque is reduced. To compensate, the reluctance torque can be increased and the torque before switching can be maintained.

  Curves drawn from the torque equation of Equation 8 so that T is constant are the constant torque curves T1 and T2 of FIG.

  Next, a vector control algorithm in the normal control mode will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a partial configuration of the voltage command generation unit 30 in the normal control mode. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the pre-filter 31. As shown in FIG.

The pre-filter 31 functions to alleviate sudden fluctuations in the angular velocity command ωm * and suppress excessive reaction of the controller group. For example, the pre-filter 31 may have a simple first-order lag configuration as shown in FIG. The prefilter 31 has an adder 31a and an integrator 31b. The adder 31a has an angular velocity command .omega.m *, integrators 31b adds the angular speed command .omega.m ^~ and calculated by, and inputs the addition result to the integrator 31b. The integrator 31b multiplies the input addition result by applying a coefficient _KPR . Coefficient _{K PR} of the integrator 31b is in the way of the equation 9 below. K _I and K _P in Equation 9 are the integral and proportional coefficients of the speed controller 33 in the next stage. The speed controller 33 may include a differentiator in addition to the integrator and the proportional device, for example.

  Further, the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 performs a calculation process shown in the following expression 10 to convert the q-axis current command value Iq * into the d-axis current command value Id *.

  Next, a vector control algorithm in the flux-weakening control mode will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a partial configuration of the voltage command generation unit 30 in the flux-weakening control mode.

  When the speed of the motor M (synchronous motor) is further increased at the point B shown in FIG. 6, the reluctance torque by the d-axis current is positively used.

  In FIG. 6, for example, if the load torque remains at T1, the d-axis current and the q-axis current move to the left on the constant torque curve T1 as the speed increases. At this time, the d-axis current increases, but conversely the q-axis current decreases.

  In the case of a compressor load, the load also increases as the speed increases. Therefore, it seems that the d-axis current and the q-axis current tend to increase until current limitation is applied. Since it has been found that the q-axis current (q-axis voltage) is not always in the increasing direction, this must be reflected in the control algorithm.

  Therefore, in the flux-weakening control mode, the configuration of the voltage command generator 30 is switched so that the reluctance torque is the main control and the speed control is shifted to the d-axis side. When the magnetic flux weakening control mode is entered, the configuration of the voltage command generator 30 is switched from the configuration shown in FIG. 10 to the configuration shown in FIG.

  A low-pass filter (LPF) 43 in FIG. 12 is inserted to suppress fluctuations in the d-axis current. Basically, the PWM voltage output is saturated in the flux-weakening control mode, so there are many cases where it is impossible to output a voltage that can instantly correspond to the fluctuation value. In particular, in the flux-weakening control mode, since the speed tracking is performed on the d-axis side, the d-axis for generating the q-axis current command value is created so as not to fall into an uncontrollable state due to divergence, competing with the sequential correction on the q-axis side. A low pass filter 43 is inserted in the current.

  The low-pass filter 43 is, for example, a first-order lag filter, and its cutoff frequency is, for example, several tens (Hz).

  Further, the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 performs a calculation process shown in the following expression 11 derived from the constant induced voltage expression of the above expression 7, and converts the d-axis current detection value Id￣ passed through the low-pass filter 43 to q Converted to shaft current command value Iq *.

In the case of line-to-line two-phase modulation, the maximum induced voltage value Vom used in Expression 11 is obtained by the following Expression 12 using the average current value of the d-axis current and the q-axis current and the winding resistance value. Here, V _DC is a DC bus voltage.

なお、最大誘起電圧値Ｖｏｍを求める際に直流母線電圧Ｖ_ＤＣにかける係数は、変調の方式により異なる。例えば、線間２相変調の場合、式１２に示すように、１／√（２）である。あるいは、例えば、３相変調の場合、√（３）／（２×√（２））である。すなわち、３相変調の場合、式１２における１／√（２）を√（３）／（２×√（２））に置き換えた式により、最大誘起電圧値Ｖｏｍを求めることができる。

The coefficient applied to the DC bus voltage V _DC when obtaining the maximum induced voltage value Vom differs depending on the modulation method. For example, in the case of line-to-line two-phase modulation, as shown in Expression 12, 1 / √ (2). Or, for example, in the case of three-phase modulation, √ (3) / (2 × √ (2)). That is, in the case of three-phase modulation, the maximum induced voltage value Vom can be obtained by an expression in which 1 / √ (2) in Expression 12 is replaced with √ (3) / (2 × √ (2)).

  In this algorithm, except that the speed control is shifted to the d-axis side, the parameters of the controller are the same as those in the normal control mode. However, since the d-axis current increases on the negative side with respect to the acceleration, a negative gain “−G” (for example, −1) is added as shown in FIG. 12.

  Further, the calculated value of the non-interacting controller 41 is also applied to the d-axis current detection value Id￣ passed through the low-pass filter 43 and the q-axis current detection value Iq￣ passed through the low-pass filter 42 for the reason described above. Equations 13 and 14 are used. If these formulas 13 and 14 are used, the fluctuation value by control can be suppressed, a current waveform can be made smooth and a harmonic can be reduced.

  If the current PI controller (d-axis current controller 36, q-axis current controller 46) takes charge of the transient correction, the decoupling term is defined by the voltage-current equation of the motor M (synchronous motor). Since it gives a steady term (Equation 1) during high-speed operation, it seems that it is not necessary to react very steeply. Therefore, Expressions 13 and 14 are applied to the decoupling term even in the normal mode.

  That is, if Equations 13 and 14 can be commonly applied in the normal control mode and the weak magnetic flux control mode, the discontinuity of the operations of the low-pass filters 42 and 43 accompanying the mode switching can be avoided.

  Next, control mode switching determination in the mode control unit 71 will be described.

  A determination formula for determining switching from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode and a determination formula for determining switching in the opposite direction are shown below.

The determination formula for determining the switching from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode is, for example, that if Formula 7 is applied in the form of a magnetic flux formula, Formula 12 is a PWM saturation voltage, and therefore the upper limit voltage is commanded. flux divided by the rotational speed ^{ωe ~ (= ωm ~ × Pn} ) becomes the upper magnetic flux in the normal mode. The difference between this magnetic flux value and the average magnetic flux calculated from the inductance is defined as the following judgment formula (Formula 15).

When Expression 15 is satisfied (that is, when _{fVj (IN)} is negative), the normal control mode is switched to the weak magnetic flux control mode. In order to calculate Equation 15, the values Id￣ and Iq￣ passed through the low-pass filters 43 and 42 are adopted as the d-axis current and the q-axis current, respectively.

  If an instantaneous value is applied to the judgment formula, the judgment formula frequently reacts in the immediate vicinity of the mode switching point. As a result, a large speed pulsation may occur, and the mode transition point tends to be a discontinuity point.

  Therefore, in Formula 15, since the smooth current values Id￣ and Iq￣ values are adopted, the mode transition point is unlikely to be discontinuous even if the motor control device does not have a configuration with hysteresis. Hunting can be suppressed.

  Although Formula 15 is in the form of magnetic flux, the induced voltage may be compared with the upper limit voltage by multiplying the magnetic flux of the second term on the right side in Formula 15 by the command rotational speed.

  Moreover, said Formula 2 is used for the determination formula for determining the transition from the weak magnetic flux control mode to the normal control mode. That is, since the equation 2 is calculated from the values IdＩ and Iq￣ passed through the low-pass filters 43 and 42 and the angular velocity command ωm * and the transition determination is performed based on the magnitude of the d-axis current value, the determination equation is as follows: Equation 16 is used.

When Expression 16 is satisfied (that is, when _{fVj (OUT)} is 0 or more), the magnetic flux weakening control mode is switched to the normal control mode.

  Note that the mode control unit 71 also controls initialization processing associated with the transition. For example, when shifting from the normal mode to the flux-weakening control mode, the mode control unit 71 initializes the integrator of the speed control PI controller (speed controller 33) with the LPF passage value of the d-axis current, and vice versa. In this case, the integrator of the speed control PI controller (speed controller 33) is initialized with the LPF passage value of the q-axis current.

  As described above, in the embodiment, in the motor control device 1, the switching unit 39 maintains the operating state of the q-axis current controller 46 and the d-axis current controller 36, and the speed in the normal control mode. The current command value is output as the q-axis current command value Iq * from the controller 33 to the q-axis current controller 46 side, and the current command value is d from the speed controller 33 to the d-axis current controller 36 side in the flux-weakening control mode. The output is switched so as to be output as the shaft current command value Id *. Thereby, the internal state of the d-axis current controller 36 before and after switching between the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode can be made close to each other, and before and after switching between the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode. Since the internal states of the q-axis current controller 46 can be close to each other, stable control switching can be performed without changing the gain of each current controller. That is, since the configuration of each controller is not changed as much as possible before and after switching, switching shock due to the time-series difference in internal state in each controller can be reduced.

  In the embodiment, the speed controller 33, the d-axis current controller 36, and the q-axis current controller 46 are commonly used as a controller for the normal control mode and a controller for the weak flux control mode, respectively. ing. Thereby, the influence which the difference in the internal state between each controller has on the switching shock can be reduced as compared with the case where the respective dedicated controllers in the normal control mode and the weak magnetic flux control mode are used.

  In the embodiment, the q-axis current controller 46 generates the q-axis voltage command value Vq * in each of the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode, and the d-axis current controller 36 In each of the flux-weakening control modes, a d-axis voltage command value Vd * is generated. Thereby, the internal state of the q-axis current controller 46 in the normal control mode and the internal state of the q-axis current controller 46 in the flux-weakening control mode can be made close to each other. Further, the internal state of the d-axis current controller 36 in the normal control mode and the internal state of the d-axis current controller 36 in the flux-weakening control mode can be made close to each other. That is, it is possible to reduce the necessity of performing an operation for adjusting the internal state of each controller for switching between the normal control mode and the magnetic flux weakening control mode, and compared with the case of performing a correction process at the time of switching, The switching operation time can be shortened. In other words, a seamless controller can be provided without spending hysteresis processing or switching stabilization processing time during switching.

  In the embodiment, the switching unit 39 receives the current command value from the speed controller 33 as the q-axis current command value Iq * to the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 in the normal control mode, and the weak flux control mode. , So that the value Id 値 corresponding to the detected d-axis current value is input to the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44. Thus, the state in which the q-axis current controller 46 and the d-axis current controller 36 are operating can be easily maintained when switching between the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode.

  Further, in the embodiment, the switching unit 39 has the d-axis current command value Id converted by the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 from the d-axis current calculation processing unit 34 to the d-axis current controller 36 side in the normal control mode. * Is output, and the q-axis current command value Iq * converted by the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 is output from the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 to the q-axis current controller 46 side in the flux-weakening control mode. Switch to. That is, since the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 is also shared as a controller for the normal control mode and a controller for the weak magnetic flux control mode, a controller dedicated for each of the normal control mode and the weak magnetic flux control mode is provided. Compared with the case where it uses, the influence which the internal state difference between each controller has on the switching shock can further be reduced.

  In the embodiment, the low-pass filter 43 performs low-pass filter processing on the d-axis current detection value Id, and sets the value Id￣ subjected to low-pass filter processing as a value corresponding to the d-axis current detection value as the q-axis. Output to the current calculation processing unit 44. As a result, the d-axis current detection value Id￣ that has passed through the low-pass filter 42 in the q-axis current generation processing in the q-axis current calculation processing unit 44 in the weak magnetic flux control mode is used as the reference current value of the q-axis current controller 46. Since the distortion of the current waveform caused by voltage saturation can be reduced as much as possible, the switching stability can be ensured.

  In the embodiment, the switching unit 39 receives the speed difference Δωm input to the speed controller 33 in the normal control mode, and a value obtained by multiplying the speed difference by a negative gain (−G) in the flux weakening control mode− Switching is performed so that G × Δωm is input to the speed controller 33. Thereby, the d-axis current can be increased on the negative side. That is, the reluctance torque can be increased so as to compensate for the decrease in the magnet torque, and the torque before switching can be maintained.

  In the embodiment, when the first initial value imparting unit 48 is switched from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode, the integral control in the weak magnetic flux control mode is performed by setting the value Id￣ corresponding to the d-axis current detection value. Is input to the speed controller 33 as an initial value. Thereby, for example, the initial value of the integral control in the weak magnetic flux control mode can be set in the speed controller 33 at the timing immediately before switching from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode in the normal control mode. The d-axis current continuity with the flux-weakening control mode can be ensured. As a result, the switching shock when switching from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode can be reduced.

  In the embodiment, when the second initial value giving unit 49 is switched from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode, the value IqＩ corresponding to the q-axis current detection value is changed to the integral control in the normal control mode. The speed controller 33 is input as an initial value. Thereby, for example, the initial value of the integral control in the normal control mode can be set in the speed controller 33 at the timing immediately before switching from the weak flux control mode to the normal control mode in the weak flux control mode. The continuity of q-axis current with the flux-weakening control mode can be ensured. As a result, the switching shock when switching from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode can be reduced.

  In the embodiment, the low-pass filter 42 outputs a value Iq￣ obtained by performing the low-pass filter processing on the q-axis current detection value to the non-interacting controller 41, and the low-pass filter 43 outputs the d-axis current detection value. Is output to the non-interference controller 41, and the non-interference controller 41 performs the low-pass filter processing on the q-axis current detection value IqＩ subjected to the low-pass filter processing. The q-axis voltage command value Vq ** and the d-axis voltage command value Vd ** are made non-interactive according to the applied d-axis current detection value IdＩ. As a result, it is possible to average the fluctuations of the d-axis current and the q-axis current, respectively, and to switch at an intermediate value in the fluctuations of the d-axis current and the q-axis current.

  In the embodiment, since the low-pass filters 42 and 43 continuously operate in each of the normal control mode and the weak flux control mode, the internal state of the low-pass filters 42 and 43 and the weak flux control mode in the normal control mode. The internal state of the low-pass filters 42 and 43 can be close to each other (for example, saturated state). That is, it is possible to reduce the necessity of performing an operation for adjusting the internal state of the low-pass filters 42 and 43 for switching between the normal control mode and the magnetic flux weakening control mode, compared with a case where correction processing is performed at the time of switching. Thus, the switching operation time can be shortened. In other words, a seamless controller can be provided without spending hysteresis processing or switching stabilization processing time during switching.

  As described above, the motor control device according to the present invention is useful for controlling the motor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Motor control apparatus 10 Drive part 11 2-phase-3 phase converter 12 PWM modulator 13 Intelligent power module 20 Calculation part 21 3-phase-2 phase converter 22 Axis error calculation process part 23 PLL controller 24 Low pass filter 25 Converter DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 30 Voltage command production | generation part 31 Prefilter 32 Subtractor 33 Speed controller 34 d-axis current calculation process part 35 Subtractor 36 d-axis current controller 37 Subtractor 38 Multiplier 39 Switching part 41 Decoupling controller 42, 43 Low-pass filter 44 q-axis current calculation processing unit 45 subtractor 46 q-axis current controller 47 adder 48 first initial value giving unit 49 second initial value giving unit 50 detection unit 51, 52 current sensor 60 integration unit 61 integration 71 Mode controller

Claims (11)

A motor control device that performs vector control of the motor by decomposing a motor current flowing through the motor into a q-axis current and a d-axis current,
A speed controller that generates a current command value according to a speed difference that is a difference between the angular speed command and the angular speed;
a q-axis current controller that generates a q-axis voltage command value according to a q-axis current difference that is a difference between the q-axis current command value and the q-axis current detection value;
a d-axis current controller that generates a d-axis voltage command value in accordance with a d-axis current difference that is a difference between the d-axis current command value and the d-axis current detection value;
The current command value is output as the q-axis current command value from the speed controller to the q-axis current controller in the normal control mode, and the speed is controlled in the flux-weakening control mode corresponding to the saturation of the voltage applied to the motor. A switching unit for switching so that the current command value is output as the d-axis current command value from the controller to the d-axis current controller side;
A motor control device comprising: The q-axis current controller generates the q-axis voltage command value in each of the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode,
The motor control device according to claim 1, wherein the d-axis current controller generates the d-axis voltage command value in each of the normal control mode and the flux-weakening control mode. A d-axis current calculation processing unit that calculates the d-axis current command value based on the q-axis current command value in the normal control mode;
A q-axis current calculation processing unit that calculates the q-axis current command value based on the d-axis current detection value in the flux-weakening control mode;
The motor control device according to claim 1, further comprising: In the normal control mode, the switching unit inputs the current command value from the speed controller as the q-axis current command value to the d-axis current calculation processing unit, and in the weakening magnetic flux control mode, the d-axis current The motor control device according to claim 3, wherein the detection value is switched so as to be input to the q-axis current calculation processing unit. The switching unit outputs the calculated d-axis current command value from the d-axis current calculation processing unit to the d-axis current controller in the normal control mode, and the q-axis in the weakening magnetic flux control mode. The motor control device according to claim 4, wherein switching is performed so that the calculated q-axis current command value is output from the current calculation processing unit to the q-axis current controller side. A second low-pass filter that performs low-pass filter processing on the detected d-axis current value and outputs the value subjected to low-pass filter processing to the q-axis current calculation processing unit as a value corresponding to the detected d-axis current value The motor control device according to claim 3, further comprising: The speed difference is input to the speed controller in the normal control mode, and a value obtained by multiplying the speed difference by a negative gain is input to the speed controller in the flux-weakening control mode. The motor control apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 6. 8. The switch according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit switches an output destination of the current command value while maintaining a state in which the q-axis current controller and the d-axis current controller are operating. The motor control apparatus of Claim 1. The speed controller has at least an integrator;
The motor control device
When switching from the normal control mode to the weak magnetic flux control mode, a first initial value that causes the speed controller to input a value corresponding to the d-axis current detection value as an initial value of integral control in the weak magnetic flux control mode The motor control device according to claim 8, further comprising a value giving unit. A second initial value that causes the speed controller to input a value corresponding to the q-axis current detection value as an initial value of integral control in the normal control mode when switching from the flux-weakening control mode to the normal control mode. The motor control device according to claim 9, further comprising an imparting unit. A non-interference controller that makes the q-axis voltage command value and the d-axis voltage command value non-interactive;
A first low-pass filter that performs a low-pass filter process on the q-axis current detection value and outputs the processed value to the non-interacting controller;
A second low-pass filter that performs low-pass filter processing on the d-axis current detection value and outputs the result to the non-interacting controller;
The motor control device according to claim 1, further comprising:

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