CN105450121B - A kind of motor field weakening control method - Google Patents
A kind of motor field weakening control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105450121B CN105450121B CN201511026014.1A CN201511026014A CN105450121B CN 105450121 B CN105450121 B CN 105450121B CN 201511026014 A CN201511026014 A CN 201511026014A CN 105450121 B CN105450121 B CN 105450121B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P21/001—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using fuzzy control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P21/0017—Model reference adaptation, e.g. MRAS or MRAC, useful for control or parameter estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of motor field weakening control method is a kind of Voltage Feedback penalty method based on feedforward control, determines weak magnetic limiting voltage U according to the DC bus-bar voltage of permanent magnet synchronous motor firstsmax, and pass through d, q shaft voltage and terminal voltage U is calculateds;Then according to weak magnetic limiting voltage UsmaxWith terminal voltage UsPi regulator is designed, weak magnetic is obtained and adjusts electric current Idr1;It considers further that the Parameter Perturbation of inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage, weak magnetic feedforward current I is obtained based on theoretical formula methoddr2;Weak magnetic is finally adjusted into electric current Idr1With weak magnetic feedforward current Idr2Superposition obtains the d-axis compensation electric current I of weak magnetic algorithmdrFW.The present invention can effectively promote the weak magnetic control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor, be effectively improved the problem of parameter difficulty of the existing technology adjusts, dynamic property is undesirable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of automatic control, are a kind of Voltage Feedback penalty method based on feedforward control, specifically
For a kind of motor field weakening control method.
Background technology
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (permanent magnet synchronous machine, PMSM) is close due to its high power
Degree, high reliability and efficient advantage, in the more demanding governing system such as machining equipment, robot, electric vehicle
In be widely used.Due to using permanent magnet excitation, can not excitation field, permanent magnet synchronous electric be adjusted by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
Machine must use weak magnetic technology to meet the speed governing demand of wide speed regulating range.Can constantly it be expanded using high performance weak magnetic technology
The range of speeds of motor output-constant operation keeps higher working efficiency.
At present, existing weak magnetic control technology mainly has look-up table, computing method of formula, gradient descent method in the art
With Voltage Feedback penalty method.Look-up table needs the direct-axis current that motor needs under different rotating speeds to be determined by experiment, therefore need
A large amount of experimental data is wanted, is implemented complex.Computing method of formula is very big to the dependence of the parameter of electric machine, only has centainly
Theory significance, but cannot directly meet engineer application.The calculation amount of gradient descent method is larger, realizes complex.Voltage Feedback
Penalty method is compensated by building a voltage close loop, and voltage compensation method is with robustness is good, calculation amount is small, reliable
The advantages that, suitable for engineer application.
Patent application 1, CN200910041656.7《A kind of weak magnetic control system and its control based on permanent magnet synchronous motor
Method》Voltage Feedback method has been used, feedback has been used as to realize weak magnetic using the reference voltage of vector controlled based on voltage close loop.It should
Method robustness is preferable, but there is dynamic property it is bad the problem of, have much room for improvement.
Patent application 2, CN201410108255.X《A kind of field weakening control method of enhanced permanent-magnetic synchronous motor》First
PI adjustings are carried out according to voltage error, excitation current component is obtained, then devises weak magnetic feedforward arithmetic, specifically miss voltage
Difference is multiplied by a coefficient as feedforward directional angle, and coefficient gathers to obtain by examination.This method is changed to a certain extent by feedforward
Dynamic response has been apt to it, but the coefficient examination in feedforward term gathers and lacks specific criterion, has certain blindness.In addition, with electricity
The parameters such as inductance, magnetic linkage perturb in machine operational process, and the precision of this method can be affected.
Invention content
The problem to be solved in the present invention is:Parameter difficulty existing for the existing weak magnetic control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor adjusts, is dynamic
The problem of state property can be undesirable proposes a kind of Voltage Feedback penalty method based on feedforward control, improves permanent magnet synchronous motor weak magnetic
The dynamic response performance of control.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of motor field weakening control method is a kind of Voltage Feedback based on feedforward control
Penalty method specifically includes following steps:
Step 1:Weak magnetic limiting voltage U is determined according to the DC bus-bar voltage of permanent magnet synchronous motorsmax;
Step 2:Terminal voltage U is calculated by d, q shaft voltages;
Step 3:According to weak magnetic limiting voltage UsmaxWith terminal voltage UsPi regulator is designed, weak magnetic is obtained and adjusts electric current Idr1;
Step 4:Consider the Parameter Perturbation of inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage, fed before obtaining weak magnetic based on theoretical formula method
Flow Idr2;
Step 5:Weak magnetic is adjusted into electric current Idr1With weak magnetic feedforward current Idr2Superposition obtains the d-axis compensation of weak magnetic algorithm
Electric current IdrFW。
The part significant feature of the invention is that weak magnetic feedovers, the pi regulator applied to weak magnetic module can be traditional PI
Adjuster, or fuzzy pi regulator or the pi regulator of other forms.For various forms of pi regulators, principle
It is upper it is identical be that input all be deviation e, output is all that weak magnetic adjusts electric current Idr1, difference is that the specific algorithm of PI is different.It passes
Pi regulator of uniting is the prior art, is no longer described in detail, and the present invention further describes the setting of fuzzy pi regulator in detail.
The present invention and the something in common of two parts of patent documents of background technology are to all employ Voltage Feedback method.
The difference of present invention and patent application 1 is:Patent of invention one without weak magnetic feedover, and invention increases weak magnetic before
Feedback.
The difference of present invention and patent application 2 is:The make of feedforward is different, and patent application 2 uses voltage error
Coefficient is multiplied by as feedforward, the present invention is to calculate weak magnetic feedforward current based on motor model, and while presenting before use considers
The Parameter Perturbation of inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage.
Present invention uses weak magnetic feedforwards, in the prior art, have following two parts of documents using this technical characteristic:
Document one《Built-in permanent-magnet synchronous motor weak magnetic controls experimental study》(Wang Ying, Tang Renyuan, Cao Xianqing, Zhu Jian
Light,《Micro machine》O. 11th in 2008), using built-in permanent-magnet synchronous motor as research object, turn during according to motor operation
Square and stator flux linkage set value obtain the cross, straight shaft current reference value of motor by tabling look-up;It is transported at a high speed to solve motor simultaneously
Parameter drift problem during row, has been superimposed the Closed-loop Control Strategy based on output voltage, effectively on the basis of feedforward control
Improve the robustness of system.
Document two《Feedforward Flux-Weakening Control of Surface-Mounted
Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors Accounting for Resistive Voltage Drop》
(Marco Tursini, Enzo Chiricozzi, and Roberto Petrella, IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics(Impact Factor:6.5).02/2010;57(1):440-448.) with durface mounted permanent magnet
Synchronous motor is research object, respectively for shallow weak magnetic area and deep weak magnetic area, the stator electricity based on feedback rotating speed and previous moment
Stream devises weak magnetic feedforward so that motor can reliably be operated in a wide range of weak magnetic region.
The present invention and the difference of document one are:The acquisition modes of feedforward are different, and document one is obtained using the method tabled look-up
Weak magnetic feedforward value, the present invention are based on motor model, using theoretical formula method weak magnetic feedforward current.It is used due to document one
Method is look-up table, has the shortcomings that arithmetic accuracy is relatively low, test job amount is big, and algorithm of the invention is based on model in itself, tool
There is the advantages of precision is higher, easy to use.
The difference of the present invention and document two is the method that two, document has used feedforward, has the shortcomings that poor robustness;And this
Invention combines Voltage Feedback method on the basis of feedforward, improves the robustness of weak magnetic control.
The present invention can effectively promote the weak magnetic control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor, be effectively improved ginseng of the existing technology
The problem of number hardly possible adjusts, dynamic property is undesirable, is embodied in:
1) prior art is multiplied by a coefficient using voltage error and feedovers as weak magnetic, and the coefficient in feedforward term is gathered with examination
Method determines.The present invention is based on motor models to calculate weak magnetic feedforward current, and all parameters are all known in calculation formula, are not required to
It to be obtained by the method for trying to gather, avoid the blindness during adjusting.And the weak magnetic feedforward current in the present invention calculates
Formula also contemplates the Parameter Perturbation of inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage, avoids the variation of motor operating state and leads to parameter drift
Influence, improve the control accuracy of system.
2) experimental result of Fig. 5~7 has absolutely proved advantages of the present invention.Wherein from the result of rotating-speed tracking shown in Fig. 5
In it can be seen that:Given rotating speed 4000rpm, the overshoot of the prior art is 60rpm, and overshoot of the invention is 20rpm.From Fig. 6 institutes
Show in the waveform of prior art direct-axis current tracking and can be seen that:The characteristics of prior art is locally overshooted there are direct-axis current is moved
The waveform of state process is more precipitous.It can be seen that from the waveform of direct-axis current tracking of the present invention shown in Fig. 7:There is no straight by the present invention
The problem of shaft current locally overshoots, the waveform of dynamic process is relatively gentle.In conclusion compared with prior art, present invention tool
Have that speed overshoot is small, direct-axis current is without local overshoot, and current tracking transient process is gentle, and dynamic property is superior.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall plan control principle drawing when present invention is applied to motor, and Iqr is d-axis to constant current, Iqr in figure
It is quadrature axis to constant current.
Fig. 2 is the weak magnetic control principle drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the control principle drawing of PI type Fuzzy in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the membership function oscillogram of fuzzy PI hybrid control in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is in the case that permanent magnet synchronous motor gives step rotating speed 4000rpm, and the rotating speed of the prior art and the present invention are real
Test comparative result figure.
Fig. 6 is the d shaft currents tracking test of the prior art as a result, Id is defined as d-axis feedback current in figure.
Fig. 7 is the d shaft current tracking test results of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is a kind of Voltage Feedback penalty method based on feedforward control, and Fig. 1 is the present invention for the control in motor
Schematic diagram, the weak magnetic module in Fig. 2 corresponding diagrams 1, for the weak magnetic control principle drawing of the present invention, Fig. 3 corresponds to the PI type Fuzzy in Fig. 2
Part is specific fuzzy PI hybrid control schematic diagram.
Make detailed design step explanation to the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Step 1:Weak magnetic limiting voltage U is determined according to DC bus-bar voltagesmax。
Weak magnetic limiting voltage UsmaxThe control main circuit inverter of theoretical value permanent magnet synchronous motor can export most
Big voltage magnitude, the amplitude and DC bus-bar voltage size UdcRelated, relational expression is
Step 2:Terminal voltage U is calculated by d, q shaft voltages。
Step 3:According to UsmaxAnd UsThe fuzzy pi regulator of design, obtains weak magnetic and adjusts electric current Idr1。
The U obtained according to step 1smaxThe U obtained with step 2s, acquire error amount e=Usmax-Us.It is fuzzy to e designs
Pi regulator obtains weak magnetic and adjusts electric current Idr1.The construction method of PI type Fuzzy is as follows:
1) deviation e=U is calculatedsmax-Us, the differential e of deviationc=de/dt;
2) by the fuzzy subset for outputting and inputting variable be expressed as 7 fuzzy sets set NB, NM, NS, ZE, PS, PM,
PB }, domain is set as { -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3 };Fuzzy subset can be described by 7 linguistic variable values, respectively:It is negative big
NB, NM in bearing, bear small NS, zero ZE, and just small PS hits exactly PM and honest PB, corresponding 7 fuzzy sets;
3) quantizing factor K is determinede、KecAnd scale factor KKP、KKI。Ke=1/em, Kec=3/ecm, KKP=Pm/ 3, KKI=
Im/ 3, wherein emFor the amplitude of e, ecmFor ecAmplitude, PmFor output variable Δ KPMaximum value, ImFor output variable Δ KIMost
Big value;
4) Triangleshape grade of membership function shown in Fig. 4 is used, accurate input variable is blurred, to determine x points in mould
Paste the degree of membership in subset;
5) continuous quantity changed between [- 3,3] is divided into 7 grades, one fuzzy set of every grade of correspondence, realization was blurred
Journey.As shown in table 1;
1 Fuzzy processing of table
X ranges | (-∞,-2.5) | [-2.5,-1.5) | [-1.5,-0.3] | (-0.3,0.3) | [0.3,1.5] | (1.5,2.5] | (2.5,∞) |
Fuzzy set | NB | NM | NS | ZE | PS | PM | PB |
6) ambiguity solution obtains fuzzy control to the end as shown in table 2 and table 3.
2 Δ K of tablePFuzzy control
3 Δ K of tableIFuzzy control
Step 4:Consider the Parameter Perturbation of inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage, weak magnetic feedforward current I is calculateddr2。
The voltage equation of permanent magnet synchronous motor is:
Under steady state conditions, have:
When weak magnetic controls,It is to maintain as UsmaxConstant, have:
Usmax 2=Ud 2+Uq 2=(Rid-ωrLqiq)2+(Riq+ωrLdid+ωrψf)2, (3)
The general very littles of resistance R of motor, ignore RidAnd Riq, have:
Usmax 2=Ud 2+Uq 2=(ωrLqiq)2+(ωrLdid+ωrψf)2, (4)
By formula (4), weak magnetic feedforward current I is obtaineddr2Theoretical calculation formula be
In formula (1)~(5), UsmaxFor weak magnetic limiting voltage;ωrAngular rate for motor;LdD axle inductances for motor;
LqQ axle inductances for motor;idFor the d shaft currents of motor, iqFor the q shaft currents of motor, UdFor d shaft voltages, UqFor q shaft voltages;
ψfFor permanent magnet flux linkage.L in formula (5)d、Lq、ψfIt can change with the operating status of motor, need using Ld、Lq、ψfIt
Preceding carry out off-line measurement.
Ld、LqChange little with the variation of rotating speed, but reduce with the increase of current of electric, at testing of electric motors
The corresponding inductance under different current conditions obtains inductance-current curve.Test method is:Motor is made to be in rated speed item
It is run under part, gives different idAnd iq, measure and obtain in each idAnd iqUnder Ld、Lq, to measuring the data march obtained
Line is fitted, so as to obtain inductance-current curve, i.e. Ld=f1 (id, iq) curve and Lq=f2 (id, iq) curve.
ψfBecome smaller with the raising of temperature T, corresponding ψ under condition of different temperatures is in by testing of electric motorsfObtain permanent magnet
Magnetic linkage-temperature table.Test method is:Motor is made to be in continuous operation under rated speed, motor temperature is with run time
It lengthens and increases, measurement obtains the permanent magnet flux linkage ψ under each temperature Tf, so as to obtain permanent magnet flux linkage-temperature table, i.e.,
ψf- T tables, ψfThis table is looked into be obtained with two point interpolation methods.
The changing value L that test experiment is obtainedd、Lq、ψfAnd Usmax、ωr、iqIt is updated in formula (5), obtains Idr2。
Step 5:Weak magnetic is adjusted into electric current Idr1With weak magnetic feedforward current Idr2Superposition obtains the d-axis compensation of weak magnetic algorithm
Electric current IdrFW.The d-axis compensation electric current of weak magnetic algorithm is IdrFW=Idr1+Idr2.The I being calculated abovedrFWIt is given as d-axis
Electric current Idr, i.e. Idr=IdrFW。
Fig. 5-7 is the result of implementation of the present invention, it is seen that under the method for the present invention, motor speed overshoot is small, and direct-axis current is without office
Portion overshoots, and current tracking transient process is gentle, and dynamic property is superior.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Above-described embodiment is not limit the invention in any way, every technical side obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Case is all fallen in protection scope of the present invention.The present invention lays special stress on protecting weak magnetic feedforward part, and the PI applied to weak magnetic module is adjusted
No matter device is all fallen within protection scope of the present invention in using which kind of form.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of motor field weakening control method, it is characterized in that for a kind of Voltage Feedback penalty method based on feedforward control, it is specific to wrap
Include following steps:
Step 1:Weak magnetic limiting voltage U is determined according to the DC bus-bar voltage of permanent magnet synchronous motorsmax;
Step 2:Terminal voltage U is calculated by d, q shaft voltages;
Step 3:According to weak magnetic limiting voltage UsmaxWith terminal voltage UsPi regulator is designed, weak magnetic is obtained and adjusts electric current Idr1:According to
The U that step 1 obtainssmaxThe U obtained with step 2s, acquire deviation e=Usmax-Us, fuzzy pi regulator is designed e, is obtained weak
Magnetically condition electric current Idr1, obscure pi regulator construction method it is as follows:
1) deviation e=U is calculatedsmax-Us, the differential e of deviationc=de/dt;
2) fuzzy subset for outputting and inputting variable is expressed as to the set { NB, NM, NS, ZE, PS, PM, PB } of 7 fuzzy sets,
Domain is set as { -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3 };
3) quantizing factor K is determinede、KecAnd scale factor KKP、KKI, Ke=1/em, Kec=3/ecm, KKP=Pm/ 3, KKI=Im/ 3,
Middle emFor the amplitude of e, ecmFor ecAmplitude, PmFor output variable Δ KPMaximum value, ImFor output variable Δ KIMaximum value;
4) using Triangleshape grade of membership function, accurate input variable is blurred, to determine x points being subordinate in fuzzy subset
Degree;
5) continuous quantity changed between [- 3,3] is divided into 7 grades, one fuzzy set of every grade of correspondence realizes fuzzification process;
6) ambiguity solution obtains Δ K to the endPWith Δ KIFuzzy control;
Step 4:Consider the Parameter Perturbation of inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage, weak magnetic feedforward current is obtained based on theoretical formula method
Idr2, the voltage equation of permanent magnet synchronous motor is:
Under steady state conditions, have:
When weak magnetic controls,Remain UsmaxIt is constant, have:
Usmax 2=Ud 2+Uq 2=(Rid-ωrLqiq)2+(Riq+ωrLdid+ωrψf)2, (3)
The resistance R very littles of motor, ignore RidAnd Riq, have:
Usmax 2=Ud 2+Uq 2=(ωrLqiq)2+(ωrLdid+ωrψf)2, (4)
By formula (4), weak magnetic feedforward current I is obtaineddr2Calculation formula be:
In formula (1)~(5), UsmaxFor weak magnetic limiting voltage;ωrAngular rate for motor;LdD axle inductances for motor;LqFor
The q axle inductances of motor;idFor the d shaft currents of motor, iqFor the q shaft currents of motor, UdFor d shaft voltages, UqFor q shaft voltages;ψfFor
Permanent magnet flux linkage;
Step 5:Weak magnetic is adjusted into electric current Idr1With weak magnetic feedforward current Idr2Superposition obtains the d-axis compensation electric current of weak magnetic algorithm
IdrFW。
2. a kind of motor field weakening control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the step 1 is specially:Weak magnetic pole
Voltage limit UsmaxTheoretical value permanent magnet synchronous motor the maximum voltage amplitude that can export of control main circuit inverter, the width
Value and DC bus-bar voltage size UdcIt is related, weak magnetic limiting voltage UsmaxFor
3. a kind of motor field weakening control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the step 2 is specially:Terminal voltage
UsFor permanent magnet synchronous motor d shaft voltages UdWith q shaft voltages UqQuadratic sum extraction of square root value, i.e.,
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CN106160612B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2019-08-06 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | A kind of high-speed permanent magnetic generator field weakening control method and device |
US10008967B2 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-06-26 | Microchip Technology Inc. | Closed loop flux weakening for permanent magnet synchronous motors |
CN106452265B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-09-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of field weakening control method adjusted based on observation compensation and coupling |
CN106712631B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-09-27 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor system and its method and a device for controlling weak magnetism |
CN107040179A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-08-11 | 澳特卡新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | A kind of guard method out of control of weak magnetic based on motor compressor |
CN107257219A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-10-17 | 合肥君信信息科技有限公司 | Single-current weak-magnetic torque closed-loop control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
CN107979317A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-01 | 江苏理工学院 | Permanent magnet synchronization motor spindle weak magnetic speed regulating method |
CN111262486B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-11-16 | 中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor control method |
CN112311286B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2023-06-30 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Power control device and method for wind generating set |
CN112104278B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-07-29 | 浙江零跑科技股份有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous anti-destabilization weak magnet method |
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