JP6065309B2 - Forward / reverse switching unit, prime mover including the forward / reverse switching unit, and work machine including the prime mover - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an external type forward / reverse switching unit arranged outside the engine for switching the rotation of the output shaft of the engine between a forward rotation direction and a reverse rotation direction, a prime mover including the forward / reverse rotation switching unit, and the prime mover. It is related with the provided working machine.

  Various work machines that perform various kinds of work using the rotation of the output shaft of the engine have been developed and used at various work sites. For example, in the field of agriculture, a riding tractor is used for excavating and cultivating the ground of a cultivated land, and for leveling and setting up. Further, the rotation of the output shaft of the engine of the tractor is used for brazing. A brazing machine as shown in Patent Document 1 to be performed has been developed.

On the other hand, a hand-held field cultivator is often used for cultivation in small-scale fields, medium-sized, and small-scale greenhouses. Work machines such as hand-claw molding machines and hand-carried transport carts equipped with engines are also used.

In the case of the above-described riding-type tractor and hand-plowed field cultivator, a forward / reverse switching mechanism capable of switching the rotation of the output shaft of the engine between the forward rotation direction and the reverse rotation direction is standard on the machine body itself. However, there are many things that are not equipped with the above-mentioned forward / reverse switching mechanism in the above-mentioned cage forming machine and transport cart, which are dedicated machines from which unnecessary machines have been removed as much as possible. .

JP 2002-84807 A JP 2007-236329 A

However, even when brazing is performed using the above-described ridge forming machine, one side of the cultivated land is brazed and the traveling direction is changed by 90 ° at the tip of the ridge so as to enter the next side. In such a case, there may be a case where a sufficient turning space of the airframe cannot be secured.
In addition, when a step is applied to the rear part of the truck bed and the above-described saddle forming machine and transport cart are loaded on the truck bed, the running wheels are rotated by running the engine of these work machines. Loading with the help of driving. However, in a light truck with a small truck bed area, it may not be possible to change the travel direction by 180 ° by turning the paddle forming machine or the carriage truck on the truck bed. When the vehicle is lowered, the clutch is made neutral, and the operator gradually moves backward while taking the weight of the work machine and lowers it from the truck bed.

  The present invention has been made based on such points, and the object of the present invention is to add the forward / reverse switching function to the existing working machine that does not have the forward / reverse switching function. An object of the present invention is to provide a forward / reverse switching unit capable of moving forward and backward to improve workability and safety, a prime mover including the forward / reverse switching unit, and a work machine including the prime mover.

In order to achieve the above object, a forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 1 of the present invention is connected to an output shaft of an engine, and is an external type forward / reverse rotation that switches the rotation of the output shaft of the engine between a forward rotation direction and a reverse rotation direction. In the switching unit,
A first drive shaft connected to the output shaft of the engine;
A second drive shaft provided in a fixed state parallel to the first drive shaft;
A reverse rotation mechanism comprising: a drive gear attached to the first drive shaft in a fixed state; and a driven gear attached to the second drive shaft in an idle state and meshing with the drive gear;
A first power transmission mechanism that transmits rotation of the drive gear to an input shaft of a power conversion mechanism for performing a target operation / operation;
A second power transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the driven gear to an input shaft of a power conversion mechanism for performing a desired work / operation;
A power transmission switching mechanism that selectively switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism and the second power transmission mechanism;
The first power transmission mechanism includes a first drive pulley that rotates integrally with the drive gear;
A first driven pulley attached to the input shaft;
An endless belt wound between the first drive pulley and the first driven pulley, and
The second power transmission mechanism includes a drive sprocket that rotates integrally with the driven gear;
A driven sprocket that fits externally on the first drive shaft and rotates independently of the first drive shaft;
An endless chain wound between the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket;
A second drive pulley that rotates integrally with the driven sprocket;
A second driven pulley attached to the input shaft;
And an endless belt wound between the second drive pulley and the second driven pulley .

The forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 2 is the forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 1, wherein the power transmission switching mechanism is configured to switch between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism. A power transmission switching mechanism; and a second power transmission switching mechanism that switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the second power transmission mechanism.
The first power transmission switching mechanism and the second power transmission switching mechanism are a tension roller that transmits a power by bringing the belt in a relaxed state into a tension state by being pressed against the belt,
A swing arm provided with the tension roller at a free end and swinging about a swing support;
An operation lever for switching between a power transmission state in which the tension roller is pressed against the belt and a power non-transmission state in which the tension roller is separated from the belt;
One end is connected to a connection point provided at an intermediate position between the operating point of the swing arm to which the tension roller is attached and the swing support point of the swing arm, and the other end is connected to the operation lever. It is characterized by comprising each operation wire.

Further, the forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 3 is the forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 2 , wherein one of the operation levers of the first power transmission mechanism and the operation lever of the second power transmission mechanism is located near one of the operation levers. This is characterized in that a lever lock mechanism is provided which allows only the operation lever to be operated and restricts the operation of the other operation lever.

In addition, a prime mover according to claim 4 of the present invention is connected to an engine that generates motive power as a source for performing a desired work / operation and outputs it as a rotation of an output shaft, and is connected to the output shaft of the engine. An engine having an external type forward / reverse switching unit for switching the rotation of the output shaft of the engine between a forward rotation direction and a reverse rotation direction, wherein the forward / reverse rotation switching unit is a forward rotation according to any one of claims 1 to 3. It is a reverse rotation switching unit.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a work machine comprising: an operation execution means for directly executing a target work / operation; a prime mover for generating power for performing the target work / motion; and the prime mover. A work machine comprising: a power conversion mechanism that converts and distributes the power generated by the power and transmits the power to the operation executing means, wherein the prime mover includes the forward / reverse switching unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Item 4. A motor according to item 4 .

Further, the work machine according to claim 6 is the work machine according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of the operation execution means transports or moves the machine body on which the prime mover and the power conversion mechanism are mounted to a target place. It is a moving means provided with the traveling drive wheel used when switching directions.

The work machine according to claim 7 is the work machine according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein the work machine excavates the ground of the cultivated land and forms a fill on the lateral side of the excavated ground. It is a brazing machine for molding.

And the following effects are acquired by the said means. First, according to the forward / reverse switching unit according to the present invention, the forward / reverse switching unit is an external type forward / reverse switching unit disposed outside the engine, so that forward / reverse switching can be performed for an existing work machine. The unit can be taken in later, and a work machine having a forward / reverse switching function can be manufactured at low cost.
In addition, the rotation of the output shaft of the existing engine is used as a power source, and the rotation in the forward rotation direction and the rotation in the reverse rotation direction are selectively performed with respect to the input shaft of the power conversion mechanism for performing a desired work / operation. Of a forward / reverse switching unit including a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, a reverse rotation mechanism, a first power transmission mechanism, a second power transmission mechanism, and a power transmission switching mechanism. By adopting it, the rotation direction can be reliably switched and transmitted to the input shaft of the power conversion mechanism with a relatively simple configuration.

The first power transmission mechanism is wound around a first drive pulley that rotates integrally with a drive gear attached to the first drive shaft, a first driven pulley attached to the input shaft, and the first drive pulley. that a belt, by constructing by comprising a first drive shaft in the same direction on the first drive shaft, it is possible to arrange the first driving pulley to rotate at the same speed, said first driving pulley It is possible to transmit the rotation in the forward direction of the same direction and the same speed to the input shaft of the power conversion mechanism provided at a separated position.

The second power transmission mechanism is externally fitted to the drive sprocket that rotates integrally with a driven gear attached to the second drive shaft, and rotates independently of the first drive shaft. A driven sprocket, a chain wound between them, a second drive pulley that rotates integrally with the driven sprocket, a second driven pulley attached to the input shaft, and a belt wound between them When, by constructing by comprising a first drive shaft and the opposite direction on the first drive shaft, it is possible to arrange the second driving pulley to rotate at the same speed, the same and the second drive pulley The rotation in the reverse direction at the same speed can be transmitted to the input shaft of the power conversion mechanism provided at a separated position.

  The power transmission switching mechanism includes a first power transmission switching mechanism that switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism, and a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the second power transmission mechanism. And a second power transmission switching mechanism for switching between the power transmission state and the power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism and the second power transmission mechanism can be individually performed. A mechanism having the same configuration including a tension roller, a swing arm, an operation lever, and an operation wire is arranged symmetrically and used as a first power transmission switching mechanism or a second power transmission switching mechanism, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to provide a power transmission switching mechanism that is easy to operate and has a simple structure.

  In addition, a lever lock mechanism is provided in the vicinity of the operation lever of the first power transmission mechanism and the operation lever of the second power transmission mechanism so that only one of the operation levers can be operated and the operation of the other operation lever is restricted. Can prevent the simultaneous rotation of the forward and reverse rotations to the input shaft of the power conversion mechanism, thereby improving safety during operation. To do.

Further, according to the prime mover of the present invention, in the prime mover including the engine and the forward / reverse switching unit, the various operations and effects of the forward / reverse switching unit can be enjoyed, and the intended work / operation is different. The prime mover can be applied to various work machines.
Further, according to the work machine according to the present invention, in the work machine provided with the operation execution means, the prime mover, and the power conversion mechanism, it becomes possible to enjoy the above-described various functions and effects of the forward / reverse switching unit and the prime mover. It is possible to improve the functionality and operability of various work machines having different works and operations.

Further, when at least one of the operation execution means is a moving means having traveling drive wheels, the work machine is loaded on a loading platform such as a light truck or a working machine loaded on a loading platform such as a light truck. This makes it easier to lower the machine to the ground and improves safety during work.
Further, when the work machine is a brazing machine, after the brazing of one side of the section of the cultivated land is completed, the traveling direction is changed by 90 ° at the tip portion of the cultivated land and the next side is going to be entered. This makes it possible to secure a sufficient swivel space for the airframe and facilitate the brazing operation.

  As described above in detail, according to the forward / reverse switching unit, the prime mover including the forward / reverse switching unit, and the work machine including the prime mover according to the present invention, the existing work machine having no forward / reverse switching function is retrofitted. Thus, the forward / reverse switching function can be added, and the work machine can be moved forward and backward to improve workability and safety.

It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a perspective view which shows the brazing machine which mounts a normal / reverse rotation switching unit. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a left view which shows the brazing machine which mounts a forward / reverse rotation switching unit. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a right view which shows the brazing machine which mounts a forward / reverse rotation switching unit. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a rear view which shows the brazing machine which mounts a forward / reverse rotation switching unit. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a perspective view which expands and shows the shift lever periphery which varies the traveling speed of a driving wheel. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a perspective view which expands and shows the action lever periphery which switches the action | operation of a tilling rotary, and a stop. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and is an enlarged perspective view showing an operation lever and a lever lock mechanism when the first power transmission switching mechanism is activated, and an operation when the second power transmission switching mechanism is activated. It is a perspective view (b) which expands and shows a lever and a lever lock mechanism. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a plane sectional view which shows a forward / reverse switching unit. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is the side view (a) at the time of the 1st power transmission mechanism which shows a forward / reverse switching unit operating, and the side view (b) at the time of the 2nd power transmission mechanism operating. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a perspective view which shows a hook surface hit means and its rocking | fluctuation link mechanism. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a rear view which shows a hook surface hit means and its rocking | fluctuation link mechanism. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a plane cross-sectional view which shows a saddle molding and its power transmission mechanism. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a power transmission diagram which shows typically the power transmission path | route inside a power conversion mechanism. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is explanatory drawing which shows a mode that a collar is shape | molded in steps. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a side view which shows a mode that the brazing machine which mounts a forward / reverse switching unit is loaded on the truck bed (a), and a state where it is lowered from the truck bed to the ground (b) is there.

Hereinafter, taking the illustrated embodiment as an example, the forward / reverse switching unit 1 of the present invention, the prime mover 3 including the forward / reverse switching unit 1, and the work machine 5 including the prime mover 3 will be specifically described.
In the following description, a hand-operated brazing machine 6 as shown in FIG. 1 used for brazing the cultivated land 7 having a relatively small area will be described as an example of the work machine 5.

Moreover, in the following description, the case where the cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 14 forms trapezoidal ridges 9 as shown in FIG. 14 is explained. The slope on the brazing machine 6 side of 9a and 9 is defined as the slope 9b.
Moreover, before and after using in this specification is the front and rear in the direction of travel when the brazing machine 6 moves forward, and left and right used in this specification means progress when the brazing machine 6 moves forward. Left and right of direction. Moreover, the upper and lower used in this specification are the upper and lower in the height direction of the brazing machine 6, the horizontal is the direction parallel to the ground 7 a of the cultivated land 7, and the vertical is the ground of the cultivated land 7. The direction is orthogonal to 7a.

First, an outline of the basic structure of the brazing machine 6 on which the forward / reverse rotation switching unit 1 of the present invention is mounted will be described. Next, the configuration and operation mode of the forward / reverse rotation switching unit 1 of the present invention will be described. This will be described together with the related operation procedures.
This brazing machine 6 is a hand-held brazing machine suitable for cultivation in a small-scale field, a middle, or a small-scale greenhouse. Specifically, the engine 11 is provided at the upper center portion, and the power conversion for converting the power to perform the intended work / operation such as running, tilling, forming the rod 9 or the like under the engine 11 or distributing the power is performed. It has a mission 13, which is a mechanism.

Further, as the operation execution means 10 for directly executing the intended work / operation on the left and right sides and the front side of the mission 13, the traveling drive wheel 15, the tilling rotary 17, the dredging means 19, The scissors moldings 21 are respectively disposed.
Further, on the upper surface near the rear side of the mission 13, a support frame 23 is raised obliquely upward, and the brazing machine 6 is moved to the upper part of the support frame 23 or the brazing operation is performed. An operation handle 25 is attached to be operated with a hand.

Further, in the middle of the arm 25a on the right side of the operation handle 25 extending from the upper part of the support frame 23, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. A throttle lever 28 for adjusting the amount of supplied air is provided.
On the other hand, in the middle of the arm 25b on the left side of the operation handle 25, there are two operation levers 29A and 29B and a lever lock used when operating the forward / reverse switching unit 1 of the present invention as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. A mechanism 31 is provided.

Further, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, a shift lever 33 that can change the traveling speed of the traveling drive wheel 15 between a low speed during operation and a high speed during movement and can select a neutral position is provided on the rear surface of the mission 13. Is provided.
In addition, a safety guard 35 is disposed above the tilling rotary 17, and a traveling auxiliary wheel 37 whose height is adjustable is attached to the front of the tilling rotary 17.

The engine 11 has a function of generating power as a base for performing the above-described work / operation, and the engine 11 is interposed between the output shaft 12 of the engine 11 and the input shaft 14 of the mission 13 described above. The forward / reverse switching unit 1 of the invention is attached.
The prime mover 3 of the present invention includes the engine 11 and the forward / reverse switching unit 1, and the brazing machine 6, which is the work machine 5 of the present invention, directly performs the intended work / operation. The operation drive means 15 to be executed includes the traveling drive wheel 15, the tilling rotary 17, the hook surface hitting means 19, and the hook molding 21, and further includes the prime mover 3 and the mission 13. It is configured.

The mission 13 switches the rotation in the forward rotation direction A output from the output shaft 12 of the engine 11 to the forward rotation direction A and the reverse rotation direction B by the forward / reverse rotation switching unit 1 of the present invention, and transfers it to the input shaft 14 of the mission 13. The transmitted one is used as power.
Specifically, according to the power transmission diagram shown in FIG. 13, the power transmitted to the input shaft 14 is chain C2, sprockets S5 and S6 on the shaft T2, chain C3, sprockets S7 and S7A on the shaft T3, chain C4 is transmitted to the rotary shaft 50 by the sprocket S9B.

  The power transmitted to the rotary shaft 50 is transmitted to the drive shaft 51 via the sprocket S9A, the chain C5, the sprocket S1C, S1D of the idle shaft T1B on the shaft T1A, the chain C6, and the sprocket S10C, and further driven. The sprocket S10A or S10B with pawl clutch at both ends of the shaft 51 is transmitted to the sprockets S2A and S2B via the chain C7 or C8, the sprocket S1E, S1G or S1F, S1H, the chain C9 or C10, and left and right via the cylindrical portions 50A and 50B. Are transmitted to the traveling drive wheels 15A and 15B.

  The power transmitted to the rotating shaft 50 is distributed and transmitted to the rotating shaft T11 via the sprocket S11, the chain C11, the sprocket S12 and the clutch means 55 on the rotating shaft 50, and is attached to the rotating shaft T11. It is comprised so that the to-be-molded body 21 to be driven may be driven.

On the shaft T3 to which the sprockets S7 and S7A are attached, there is provided a sprocket S13 to which power is transmitted by the on / off operation of the pawl clutch of the sprocket S7A, and the chain C12 and sprocket S14 are transmitted from the sprocket S13. The power is transmitted to the rotary shaft T5 of the tilling rotary 17 to which the tilling blade R is attached.
Similarly, a sprocket S15 is provided on the shaft T3 to which the sprockets S7 and S7A are attached. The sprocket S15 to which power is transmitted by the on / off operation of the pawl clutch of the sprocket S7A is provided. Via S16, the power is transmitted to the drive shaft T4 to which the drive disk 20 for driving the grooving means 19 is attached.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the traveling drive wheels 15 that function as moving means are provided at the ends of the rotating shaft 50 provided so as to protrude horizontally from the left and right side surfaces of the mission 13 described above. These are large-diameter wheels attached to the cylindrical portions 50A and 50B, and a plurality of anti-slip convex portions 16 are provided on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the tilling rotary 17 is composed of a plurality of sets of tilling blades R attached to the rotary shaft T5. By rotating the rotary shaft T5, the ground 7a of the cultivated land 7 is moved. Tilling work that excavates and digs up, work that forms a bank on the side of the excavated ground 7a, and work that scrapes off the slope 9b of the old scissors 9 are successively executed. In FIG. 13, the tilling blade that mainly performs the tilling operation is R1, the tilling blade that mainly performs the embankment forming operation is R2, and the tilling blade that performs the shaving operation of the slope 9b of the old rod 9 is R3. As identified.

The saddle surface tapping means 19 forms the scissors 9 and strikes the irregularities of the surface prior to the secondary forming operation for finishing the scissors top surface 9a and the scissors surface 9b performed by the scissors molded body 21 described later. It is used in the primary molding operation to keep it compacted.
10 and 11 can be adopted as an example, and the saddle surface hitting means 19 includes an upper surface plate 41 that is formed by hitting the roof surface 9a, and a saddle method. A slope plate 43 that is formed by hitting the surface 9b, and a swing link mechanism 45 that swings the upper face plate 41 and the slope plate 43 about a swing support point O1 by a predetermined angle are configured as an example. Yes.

The scissors molded body 21 is used in a secondary molding operation in which the surfaces of the scissors top surface 9a and the scissors surface 9b, which are primarily formed by the above-described scooping surface hitting means 19, are finished with a scissors.
Specifically, a saddle-molded body 21 having a structure as shown in FIG. 12 can be adopted as an example, and the saddle-molded body 21 is formed by a tapered tapered cylinder that abuts against the ceiling surface 9a and performs a molding action. The upper surface molded body 61 is configured, and an umbrella-shaped slope surface molded body 63 that abuts against the slope surface 9b and performs a molding action is provided.

Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, the clutch means 55 for switching the connection and disconnection of power to the rotary shaft T11 to which the upper surface molded body 61 and the slope molded body 63 are attached, and the eccentricity of the rotary shaft 50 and the rotary shaft T11. A height adjusting mechanism 65 that varies the operational height of the upper surface molded body 61 and the sloped surface molded body 63 by using the amount is provided.
Further, the slope-shaped molded body 63 can be formed in a polygonal pyramid shape by overlapping a plurality of fan-shaped plate materials at the end, in addition to forming a single plate material in a conical shape. is there.

The forward / reverse switching unit 1 of the present invention applied to the brazing machine 6 configured as described above is connected to the output shaft 12 of the engine 11 and rotates the output shaft 12 of the engine 11 in the forward direction. This is an external type forward / reverse switching unit that switches between direction A and reverse direction B.
Specifically, the first drive shaft 71 connected to the output shaft 12 of the engine 11, the second drive shaft 73 provided in a fixed state in parallel with the first drive shaft 71, and the first drive shaft 71 A rotation mechanism 79 including a drive gear 75 attached in a fixed state and a driven gear 77 attached to the second drive shaft 73 in a free rotation state and meshing with the drive gear 75; The first power transmission mechanism 81 that transmits to the input shaft 14 of the aforementioned mission 13 for performing work and operations, and the second power transmission mechanism that also transmits the rotation of the driven gear 77 to the input shaft 14 of the mission 13. 83, and a power transmission switching mechanism 85 that selectively switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism 81 and the second power transmission mechanism 83. Reverse switching unit 1 is basically formed.

The first drive shaft 71 is a cylindrical shaft-like member that is externally fitted to the output shaft 12 of the engine 11 and fixed by a setscrew 72, and a drive gear 75 is fixed to the base end portion thereof by welding or the like. Yes.
Further, the shaft portion of the first drive shaft 71 is formed in a stepped shape, and the first drive pulley 87 of the first power transmission mechanism 81 is externally fitted to the shaft portion 71A on the distal end side with a small diameter, and the key 89 And a fixed screw 72 so that the first drive shaft 71 and the first drive shaft 71 can rotate together.

On the other hand, a second drive pulley 91 of the second power transmission mechanism 83 is rotatable via a bearing 93 on a shaft portion 71B on the base end side that is formed to have a slightly larger diameter than the shaft portion 71A on the distal end side. It is attached in a state.
Further, a screw hole is formed in the end surface of the second drive pulley 91, and the second drive pulley 91 is driven by a fixed bolt 97 inserted from the driven sprocket 95 side of the second power transmission mechanism 83. It is attached in a fixed state so that it can rotate integrally with 95.

The second drive shaft 73 is a round bar-like member in which a groove for attaching the snap ring 99 is formed at the tip, and is attached to a flat plate-like fixed plate 101 attached to the side surface of the engine 11 using a fixing bolt 97. On the other hand, the base end portion is welded to support the first drive shaft 71 in parallel.
As described above, the driven gear 77 that meshes with the drive gear 75 and the drive sprocket 103 that is a constituent member of the second power transmission mechanism 83 to be described later can rotate on the second drive shaft 73 via a bearing 105. It is attached with.

Further, a screw hole penetrating in the axial direction Y is formed on the end face of the driven gear 77, and the drive sprocket 103 is fixed by a fixing bolt 97 inserted from the drive sprocket 103 side of the second power transmission mechanism 83. It is fixedly attached so that it can rotate integrally with the driven gear 77.
Then, as described above, the snap ring 99 is fitted from the outside to the groove portion at the tip of the second drive shaft 73 in which the integral drive sprocket 103 and the driven gear 77 are inserted, and the integral drive sprocket 103 and A driven gear 77 is attached.

The first power transmission mechanism 81 includes a first drive pulley 87 that rotates integrally with the drive gear 75, a first driven pulley 107 that is attached to the input shaft 14 of the transmission 13, the first drive pulley 87, and the first drive pulley 87. An endless belt 109 wound between the driven pulley 107 and the driven pulley 107 is provided as an example.
The belt 109 is constituted by a V-belt as an example, and the first drive pulley 87 and the first driven pulley 107 are formed with V-shaped cross-sectional grooves that engage with the belt 109, respectively. .

The second power transmission mechanism 83 includes a drive sprocket 103 that rotates integrally with the driven gear 77, a driven sprocket 95 that is fitted on the first drive shaft 71 and rotates independently of the first drive shaft 71, and An endless chain 111 wound between the drive sprocket 103 and the driven sprocket 95, a second drive pulley 91 that rotates integrally with the driven sprocket 95, and a first shaft attached to the input shaft 14 of the mission 13. 2 driven pulley 113 and an endless belt 115 wound between the second driving pulley 91 and the second driven pulley 113.
The belt 115 is constituted by an example of a V-belt having the same length as the belt 109 of the first power transmission mechanism 83, and the belt 115 is provided between the second driving pulley 91 and the second driven pulley 113. A groove portion having a V-shaped cross section that engages with each other is formed separately.

The power transmission switching mechanism 85 includes a first power transmission switching mechanism 85A that switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism 81, and a power transmission state and power of the second power transmission mechanism 83. A second power transmission switching mechanism 85B that switches between the non-transmission states is provided as an example.
The first power transmission switching mechanism 85A and the second power transmission switching mechanism 85B have the same constituent members, and are configured by arranging these constituent members symmetrically.

  Specifically, tension belts 121A and 121B for transmitting power by bringing the belts 109 and 115 in a relaxed state into tension by being brought into pressure contact with the belts 109 and 115, and the tension rollers 121A and 121B are provided at the free ends, The swing arms 123A and 123B swinging around the swing support points O2, the power transmission state in which the tension rollers 121A and 121B are pressed against the belts 109 and 115, and the tension rollers 121A from the belts 109 and 115, respectively. , 121B, the operating levers 29A, 29B for switching between power non-transmission states, and the action points P of the swing arms 123A, 123B to which the tension rollers 121A, 121B are attached and the swing arms 123A. , 123B with the swing fulcrum O2 The first power transmission switching mechanism 85A is provided with operation wires 127A and 127B having one end connected to a connecting point Q provided at the intermediate position and the other end connected to the left and right operation levers 29A and 29B. And the 2nd power transmission switching mechanism 85B is comprised as an example.

  Then, the operation levers 29A and 29B are tilted in the forward direction F as shown in FIG. 7 to bring the tension rollers 121A and 121B into pressure contact with the belts 109 and 115, thereby causing the first power transmission mechanism 81 or the second power transmission mechanism 83 to move. Is set in the power transmission state, and the tension rollers 121A and 121B are separated from the belts 109 and 115 by being tilted in the backward direction G, so that the first power transmission mechanism 81 or the second power transmission mechanism 83 is in the power non-transmission state.

Further, in the vicinity of the operation lever 29A of the first power transmission mechanism 81 and the operation lever 29B of the second power transmission mechanism 83, only one of the operation levers 29A and 29B can be operated, and the other operation lever A lever lock mechanism 31 that restricts the operation of 29B and 29A is provided.
The lever lock mechanism 31 includes a stopper 129 that prevents the operation levers 29A and 29B from rotating in the forward direction F at the base end, and a left and right operation bar 131a of the lock lever 131 that is bent in an L shape at the distal end. It is constituted as an example by a mechanism that can rotate about 180 ° in the direction.

Next, an operation mode of the forward / reverse switching unit 1 of the present invention configured as described above will be described together with an operation procedure related to the brazing machine 6.
(1) When transmitting power in the forward direction (see FIGS. 6, 7 (a), 8, 9 (a))
For example, when a brazing operation is performed using the brazing machine 6 or when the brazing machine 6 is moved to a predetermined place, the brazing machine 6 is used at step 113 as shown in FIG. When loading on the loading platform 137 of the truck 135, the traveling drive wheel 15 is moved by tilting the operation lever 29A of the first power transmission switching mechanism 85A of the forward / reverse switching unit 1 in the forward direction F as shown in FIG. The rotation in the normal rotation direction A is transmitted to.

During the above movement or when the truck 135 is loaded on the loading platform 137, it is not necessary to drive the tilling rotary 17, the hook surface hitting means 19, and the hook forming body 21. Therefore, the operation lever 27 is operated to connect the clutch means 55. Is released so that power is not transmitted to the rotation axis T11 of the ridge formed body 21.
In addition, the power transmission to the drive shaft T4 and the rotary shaft T5 is interrupted by operating the claw clutch of the sprocket 7A. In addition, when the vehicle is not moving, the speed of the traveling drive wheel 15 is set to a low speed by setting the shift lever 33 to the working position.

When the operating lever 29A is tilted in the forward direction F as shown in FIG. 7A, the operating power 127A connected to the operating lever 29A is pulled and the first power in which the tip of the operating wire 127A is connected. The swing arm 123A of the transmission switching mechanism 85A swings clockwise as shown in FIG. 9A around the swing support point O2.
As the swing arm 123A swings, the tension roller 121A provided at the tip of the swing arm 123A comes into pressure contact with the belt 109 of the first power transmission mechanism 81, and the belt 109 is in a tensioned state. Thus, the rotation of the drive gear 75 in the forward rotation direction A is transmitted to the input shaft 14 of the mission 13 to rotate the traveling drive wheel 15 in the forward rotation direction A.

(2) When transmitting the power in the reverse direction (see FIGS. 6, 7 (b), 8, 9 (b))
For example, when the brazing operation on one side of the section of the cultivated land 7 is completed and the process proceeds to the brazing operation on the next side connected to the ridge 9, or from the loading platform 137 of the truck 135 as shown in FIG. When the brazing machine 6 is lowered on the ground 7a, the lock lever 131 of the lever lock mechanism 31 is operated, and the operation lever 29A of the first power transmission switching mechanism 85A is tilted in the backward direction G to the power non-transmission state. To do.
Next, the operation lever 29B of the second power transmission switching mechanism 85B is tilted in the forward direction F as shown in FIG. 7B to transmit the rotation in the reverse direction B to the traveling drive wheel 15.

When the brazing machine 6 is unloaded from the loading platform 137 of the track 135, it is not necessary to drive the tilling rotary 17, the hook surface hitting means 19, and the hook forming body 21, so that the operating lever 27 is operated to operate the clutch means 55. Is released so that no power is transmitted to the rotary shaft T11 of the saddle molded body 21.
In addition, the power transmission to the drive shaft T4 and the rotary shaft T5 is interrupted by operating the claw clutch of the sprocket 7A. When the traveling drive wheel 15 is moved backward, the speed of the traveling drive wheel 15 is set to a low speed by setting the shift lever 33 to the working position.

When the operation lever 29B is tilted in the forward direction F as shown in FIG. 7B, the second power in which the operation wire 127B connected to the operation lever 29B is pulled and the tip of the operation wire 127B is connected. The swing arm 123B of the transmission switching mechanism 85B swings clockwise as shown in FIG. 9B about the swing support point O2.
As the swing arm 123B swings, the tension roller 121B provided at the tip of the swing arm 123B comes into pressure contact with the belt 115 of the second power transmission mechanism 83, and the belt 115 is put in a tension state. Thus, the rotation of the driven gear 77 in the reverse rotation direction B is transmitted to the input shaft 14 of the mission 13 to rotate the traveling drive wheel 15 in the reverse rotation direction B.

(3) At the time of brazing (see FIGS. 13 and 14)
Next, an outline of the brazing operation performed in a state where the rotation in the normal rotation direction A is transmitted to the rotary shaft 50 based on the case where the power in the normal rotation direction (1) is transmitted will be briefly described.
First, the brazing machine 6 is moved to the position where the brazing is performed, and the operation lever 27 and the claw clutch of the sprocket 7A are operated to drive all of the tilling rotary 17, the hooking means 19, and the hook forming body 21. To. Further, the speed of the traveling drive wheel 15 is set to a low speed by setting the shift lever 33 to the working position.

When the brazing machine 6 is moved in the forward direction F in this state, the ground 7a of the cultivated land 7 is excavated by the cultivating blades R1 and R2 as shown in FIG. The embankment is formed. Further, the tilling blade R3 acts on the existing old rod 9, and the slope 9b of the old rod 9 is scraped off.
Further, as shown in FIG. 14 (b), the groin hitting means 19 acts on the ridge 9 to which the formed embankment or ridge slope 9b has been scraped and new soil has been supplied, and The upper surface plate 41 and the slope plate 43 press the heel surface 9a and the slope surface 9b of the heel 9 to perform primary molding of the ridge 9.

Next, the scissors molded body 21 acts on the scissors 9 formed by the primary molding, and the surface is applied with scissors by the rotating top surface compact 61 and the sloped surface compact 63, and the top surface 9a and the scissors 9 Secondary molding is performed in which the surface 9b is finished smoothly.
In addition, since the upper surface molded body 61 is configured by a tapered tapered body, the top surface 9a is slightly inclined inward of the section of the cultivated land 7, so that the top surface 9a Since rainwater or the like does not accumulate, the collapse of the ridge 9 caused by infiltration of rainwater or the like is prevented.

The forward / reverse switching unit 1 of the present invention, the prime mover 3 provided with the forward / reverse rotation switching unit 1 and the work machine 5 provided with the prime mover 3 are not limited to those of the above-described embodiments, but the gist of the invention. Design changes can be made within
For example, the work machine 5 is not limited to the brazing machine 6, and may be a tiller that only cultivates the cultivated land 7, may be a tiller that raises a ridge on the cultivated land 7, and operates. The execution means 10 may be a transport cart provided with only the traveling drive wheels 15 that are moving means.

Further, a belt presser as shown in FIG. 9 is provided at the start and end of winding of the belt 109 and the belt 115 in the first driven pulley 107 of the first power transmission mechanism 8 and the second driven pulley 113 of the second power transmission mechanism 83. It is also possible to provide 139 or a guide roller (not shown). Incidentally, when such a belt presser 139 or the like is provided, the belt 109 and the belt 115 are prevented from coming off from the first driven pulley 107 and the second driven pulley 113 when the belts 109 and 115 are in a relaxed state. Is done.
The power transmission switching mechanism 85 may be a mechanism using a clutch or the like.
In addition, the power transmission switching mechanism 85 is configured to switch the operating state of the first power transmission mechanism 81 and the second power transmission mechanism 83 by switching the operation angle of the single operation lever 29. Also good.

  The forward / reverse switching unit of the present invention can be used when the rotation of the output shaft of the engine that rotates only in the forward direction is switched between the forward direction and the reverse direction, and particularly as a moving means that can move only in the forward direction. Applicable when it is desired to improve the operability and safety of the work machine by adding a reverse function.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Forward / reverse switching unit 3 Motor | power_engine 5 Work machine 6 Brazing machine 7 Cultivated land 7a Ground 9 畦 9a 畦 Top surface 9b 畦 Slope 10 Operation execution means 11 Engine 12 Output shaft 13 Mission (power conversion mechanism)
14 Input shaft 15 Traveling drive wheel (moving means)
16 Convex part 17 Tillage rotary 19 Saddle tapping means 20 Drive disk 21 Saddle molded body 23 Support frame 25 Operation handle 25a (Right side) Arm 25b (Left side) Arm 27 Actuation lever 28 Throttle lever 29 Operation lever 31 Lever lock mechanism 33 Shift lever 35 Safety guard 37 Travel assist wheel 41 Upper surface plate 43 Surface plate 45 Swing link mechanism 50 Rotating shaft 50A Tube portion 50B Tube portion 51 Drive shaft 55 Clutch means 61 Upper surface formed body 63 Surface formed body 65 Height adjusting mechanism 71 First drive shaft 71A (front end side) shaft portion 71B (base end side) shaft portion 72 Set screw 73 Second drive shaft
75 drive gear 77 driven gear 79 reverse rotation mechanism 81 first power transmission mechanism 83 second power transmission mechanism 85 power transmission switching mechanism 85A first power transmission switching mechanism 85B second power transmission switching mechanism 87 first driving pulley 89 key 91 second Drive pulley 93 Bearing 95 Drive sprocket 97 Fixing bolt 99 Snap ring 101 Fixing plate 103 Drive sprocket 105 Bearing 107 First driven pulley 109 Belt 111 Chain 113 Second driven pulley 115 Belt 121 Tension roller 123 Oscillating arm 127 Operation wire 129 Stopper 131 Lock lever 131a Operation bar 133 Step 135 Track 137 Loading platform 139 Belt holding A Forward rotation direction B Reverse rotation direction C Chain S Sprocket T Axis R Tilling blade O1 Oscillation fulcrum Y Axial direction O2 Oscillation fulcrum P Action Point Q Connection point F Forward direction G Backward direction

Claims (7)

In an external type forward / reverse switching unit that is connected to the output shaft of the engine and switches the rotation of the output shaft of the engine between the forward rotation direction and the reverse rotation direction.
A first drive shaft connected to the output shaft of the engine;
A second drive shaft provided in a fixed state parallel to the first drive shaft;
A reverse rotation mechanism comprising: a drive gear attached to the first drive shaft in a fixed state; and a driven gear attached to the second drive shaft in an idle state and meshing with the drive gear;
A first power transmission mechanism that transmits rotation of the drive gear to an input shaft of a power conversion mechanism for performing a target operation / operation;
A second power transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the driven gear to an input shaft of a power conversion mechanism for performing a desired work / operation;
A power transmission switching mechanism that selectively switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism and the second power transmission mechanism;
The first power transmission mechanism includes a first drive pulley that rotates integrally with the drive gear;
A first driven pulley attached to the input shaft;
An endless belt wound between the first drive pulley and the first driven pulley, and
The second power transmission mechanism includes a drive sprocket that rotates integrally with the driven gear;
A driven sprocket that fits externally on the first drive shaft and rotates independently of the first drive shaft;
An endless chain wound between the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket;
A second drive pulley that rotates integrally with the driven sprocket;
A second driven pulley attached to the input shaft;
A forward / reverse switching unit comprising: an endless belt wound between the second drive pulley and the second driven pulley . The power transmission switching mechanism includes a first power transmission switching mechanism that switches between a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the first power transmission mechanism, and a power transmission state and a power non-transmission state of the second power transmission mechanism. And a second power transmission switching mechanism for switching, respectively,
The first power transmission switching mechanism and the second power transmission switching mechanism are a tension roller that transmits a power by bringing the belt in a relaxed state into a tension state by being pressed against the belt,
A swing arm provided with the tension roller at a free end and swinging about a swing support;
An operation lever for switching between a power transmission state in which the tension roller is pressed against the belt and a power non-transmission state in which the tension roller is separated from the belt;
One end is connected to a connection point provided at an intermediate position between the operating point of the swing arm to which the tension roller is attached and the swing support point of the swing arm, and the other end is connected to the operation lever. The forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 1 , wherein the forward / reverse switching unit is configured to include an operation wire. Near the operation lever of the first power transmission mechanism and the operation lever of the second power transmission mechanism, there is a lever lock mechanism that allows only one of the operation levers to be operated and restricts the operation of the other operation lever. The forward / reverse switching unit according to claim 2 , wherein the forward / reverse switching unit is provided. An engine that generates motive power that is used to perform the intended work / operation and outputs it as rotation of the output shaft, and is connected to the output shaft of the engine, and the rotation of the output shaft of the engine is reversed to the normal rotation direction. In the prime mover comprising an external type forward / reverse switching unit that switches between directions,
The prime mover, wherein the forward / reverse switching unit is the forward / reverse switching unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . Operation executing means for directly executing a target work / operation, a prime mover for generating power for performing the target work / motion, and the operation generated by converting and distributing the power generated by the prime mover. In a work machine comprising a power conversion mechanism that transmits to an execution means,
The prime mover, work machine, which is a prime mover of claim 4, further comprising a forward-reverse switching unit according to any of claims 1-3. At least one of the operation executing means is a moving means provided with traveling drive wheels used for transporting the airframe on which the prime mover and the power conversion mechanism are mounted to a target place or switching the moving direction. The work machine according to claim 5 . The work machine according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein the work machine is a brazing machine that excavates the ground of the cultivated land, forms a fill outside the side of the excavated ground, and forms it into a ridge. .

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