JP6033538B2 - Tarpaulin - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waterproof sheet for covering a foundation of a building or a structure [for example, a waterproof sheet for covering a foundation of a roof (a roofing roof material)].

  In order to prevent rainwater from entering the inside of the building on the roof or wall of the building, a waterproof sheet is fixed to the base. The waterproof sheet and base are mainly fixed with staple nails, and roofing materials such as tiles and dry wall materials are fixed to the base with nails (ring nails with threaded parts). It is necessary to prevent nail holes from penetrating and leaking water from these nail holes.

As a waterproof sheet, asphalt roofing 940 has been conventionally used. Asphalt roofing 940 is a waterproof sheet in which asphalt is infiltrated and coated on the base paper, and mineral powder is adhered to the front and back surfaces. ing. However, asphalt roofing 940 has a disadvantage that the weight per 1 m ² is as heavy as about 1 kg and the workability is lowered.

  Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 7-97773 (Patent Document 1) discloses a waterproofing material for houses in which a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric or a synthetic resin film is provided on one side of an asphalt felt via an asphalt adhesive layer. However, when the nail is penetrated through the waterproofing material for housing, a gap around the axis of the nail is formed at a portion of the synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric or the synthetic resin film, so that water leakage from the nail hole cannot be effectively prevented.

On the other hand, a waterproof sheet not including an asphalt layer is also known. In JP 2008-207393 A (Patent Document 2), a non-water-permeable sheet-like substrate such as an olefin resin sheet and 3 g / m ² or more of water-absorbing resin particles are fixed to the surface of the sheet-like substrate. A waterproof sheet is disclosed. JP 2009-84840 A (Patent Document 3) is a multilayer structure in which a nonwoven fabric having a swelling layer made of a water-absorbing polymer resin is sandwiched between two synthetic resin films, As the swelling layer, 5-40 g / m ^{2 of a} water-absorbing polymer resin having a water absorption / swelling ratio greater than 200 times is formed, and an area occupied by the swelling layer with respect to the nonwoven fabric is 40-100%. A waterproof sheet is disclosed. These waterproof sheets can seal the nail holes when the water-absorbing resin swells due to rainwater. However, in the case of sudden rain, rainwater may enter from the nail hole before the water-absorbing resin swells. Also, water leakage from the nail hole may occur when the water-absorbing resin exceeds the amount capable of absorbing water due to heavy rain. Furthermore, if the water-absorbing resin repeatedly absorbs and dehydrates during the rainy season such as the rainy season, the swelling property (water-absorbing) of the water-absorbing resin decreases, and the nail holes cannot be effectively sealed. Furthermore, the residence time of water in the waterproof sheet becomes long and mold is likely to occur.

JP-A-7-97773 (Claims) JP 2008-207393 A (claim, paragraph [0021]) JP 2009-84840 A (Claims)

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof sheet having excellent nail hole sealing properties.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof sheet that has high waterproof properties and can effectively prevent water leakage from a nail hole.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof sheet that can effectively prevent corrosion of the foundation of a building or structure.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof sheet that is excellent in transparency, lightness, and workability, and has improved workability.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the waterproof sheet having a hydrophobic layer and a waterproof layer have a specific basis weight, and a plurality of embossed recesses are spaced in the vertical and horizontal directions. When a hydrophobic layer is formed with the formed nonwoven fabric, the strength is excellent and when the waterproof sheet is fixed with a nail (ring nail, etc.), the hydrophobic layer is applied to the nail shaft portion (ring nail screw portion, etc.) with nail driving. The non-woven fabric fibers can be entangled, or the sealing properties of the nail holes can be improved, and the embossed recesses of the hydrophobic layer nonwoven fabric are fused to form a film, so the nonwoven fabric fibers are entangled around the nail axis that penetrates the embossed recesses. When the waterproof layer is laminated on the surface of the nonwoven fabric of the hydrophobic layer where the embossed recesses are formed, even if the waterproof sheet is fixed with a nail with the hydrophobic layer side facing the base, the waterproof layer Is Enter the scan recess (following a shape of the embossed depressions) or because it adheres to the nail shaft, we found that can significantly improve the nail hole sealing property, and completed the present invention.

That is, the waterproof sheet of the present invention includes a waterproof layer having a water pressure resistance of 4 kPa or more and a hydrophobic layer that is laminated on at least one surface of the waterproof layer and is composed of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 120 to 300 g / m ^2. ing. A plurality of embossed recesses are formed on the surface of the hydrophobic layer on the waterproof layer side at intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. Such a waterproof sheet is suitable for covering the foundation of a building or a structure.

The embossed recess may be formed in a form (for example, a columnar shape, a truncated cone shape, a prism shape, or a truncated pyramid shape) that narrows from the opening portion opened on the surface on the waterproof layer side toward the bottom or reaches the bottom portion. . In other words, the embossed recess has an opening that is opened on the surface of the waterproof layer, and a side portion (side wall) that is narrowed and inclined toward the inner side as it goes downward or downward from the edge of the opening, You may provide the bottom part (bottom wall) extended toward an internal side from the lower end edge part of a side part. You may form a some embossing recessed part at equal intervals in the vertical / horizontal direction. The average interval between adjacent embossed recesses may be about 10 to 3000 μm. The number density of the embossed recesses may be about 10 to 200 / cm ² .

  The hydrophobic layer may be formed of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric composed of polypropylene fibers. An adhesive layer may be formed on the surface of the hydrophobic layer (the surface opposite to the surface on the waterproof layer side). The waterproof layer may be formed of a polyethylene resin film and / or asphalt-impregnated paper. A protective layer may be formed on the surface of the waterproof layer (the surface opposite to the surface on the hydrophobic layer side). The protective layer may be composed of at least one selected from a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric, a metal or metal compound thin film, and a resin sheet on which a metal or metal compound thin film is formed. An anti-slip layer may be formed on the surface of the waterproof layer or the protective layer (the surface opposite to the surface on the hydrophobic layer side).

  In the present specification, the “embossed recess” means at least one of the bottom (bottom wall) and the side (sidewall) forming the recess, regardless of whether the method of forming the recess is embossing. The area | region of a part means the recessed part formed in the fusion | melting part of the fiber.

  In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the “downward direction” means a direction approaching the base (a direction away from the finishing material or a direction from the waterproof layer toward the hydrophobic layer), and “upward direction”. Means a direction away from the base (direction approaching the finishing material, or direction from the hydrophobic layer toward the waterproof layer).

  In the present invention, a hydrophobic layer composed of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric having a specific basis weight and having a plurality of embossed recesses on the surface is laminated on the waterproof layer with the embossed recess opening facing the waterproof layer side. Even if the hydrophobic layer side is fixed to the base with a nail, the nail hole sealing property can be remarkably improved. Further, in the present invention, since the waterproof layer has a specific water pressure resistance, it is excellent in waterproofness and can prevent water leakage from the nail holes (intrusion of rainwater or snow water), so that the foundation of the building or structure is corroded. Can be effectively prevented. Furthermore, in this invention, when a waterproof layer is formed with a polyethylene-type resin film, it is excellent in transparency, lightweight property, workability, and workability can be improved.

FIG. 1 is a schematic partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a tiled roof. FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic partial cutaway plan view of the waterproof sheet shown in FIG. 2. 4 is a photomicrograph in the thickness direction of the waterproof sheet of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic partial sectional view showing another example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing the waterproof sheet of Comparative Example 1.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as necessary. FIG. 1 is a schematic partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a tiled roof. In this example, an eaves 2 supported by a pillar 1 standing in the Z direction and extending in the X direction, a land beam 3 supported by the pillar 1 and extending in the Y direction, and a hut standing on the land beam 3. 4 and a roof 5 that is supported by the roof 4 and extends in the X direction, and a rafter 6 that is installed on the eaves 2 and the roof 5 and that forms a roof gradient. The rafters 6 extending in the inclined direction are arranged at equal intervals in the X direction (direction orthogonal to the inclined direction), and a field board (base material) 7 extending in the X direction is laid on the rafter 6 without any gaps. The waterproof sheet 8 is fixed on the base plate 7. Further, on the waterproof sheet 8, tile rails (horizontal rails) 9 extending in the X direction are fixed at equal intervals in the tilt direction in accordance with the legs of the tiles 10. A tiled roof is constructed by hanging and hanging.

  In addition, in order to prevent water that has entered under the roof tile from staying on the roof tile and to improve air permeability, a vertical rail may be interposed between the waterproof sheet and the roof tile. For example, the vertical rails extending in the inclined direction may be fixed to the waterproof sheet at equal intervals in the X direction.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic partial cutaway plan view of the waterproof sheet shown in FIG. 2. 4 is a photomicrograph in the thickness direction of the waterproof sheet of Example 2. FIG.

  The waterproof sheet shown in FIG. 2 includes a waterproof layer 11 formed of a polyethylene-based resin film, and a hydrophobic layer 12 formed on one surface of the waterproof layer and formed of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric. In the tiled roof shown in FIG. 1, the hydrophobic layer 12 can be used with the base plate 7 side facing (the waterproof layer 11 facing the tile cross 9 side).

  In this example, the embossed recess 12a is substantially in the shape of a truncated pyramid, and has an opening that opens on the upper surface of the hydrophobic layer 12 (the surface on the waterproof layer 11 side), and an internal portion as it goes downward from both ends of the opening. The side portions (side walls) 12b and 12c are narrowed and inclined to the side, and the bottom portion (bottom wall) 12d extends from the lower end of the side portion 12b to the lower end of the side portion 12c. The side portions 12b, 12c and the bottom portion 12d are formed by fusing hydrophobic fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric, and therefore have high fiber density and excellent strength.

  A plurality of embossed recesses 12a are regularly formed on the upper surface of the hydrophobic layer 12 (the surface on the waterproof layer 11 side) at intervals. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the embossed recesses 12a are alternately arranged (staggered) in the embossed recess rows adjacent to each other.

  As described above, since the plurality of embossed recesses 12a opened on the surface on the waterproof layer 11 side are regularly formed with a predetermined interval, a nail is struck at an arbitrary position on the upper surface of the waterproof layer 11. In addition, the embossed concave portion 12a is nailed, and the waterproof layer 11 enters the embossed concave portion 12a (following the shape of the embossed concave portion 12a) and adheres to the shaft portion of the nail along with the nail driving. The fiber can be entangled with the nail shaft (such as the threaded portion of the ring nail) or the nail hole sealing can be improved, and water leakage from the nail hole can be effectively prevented.

  The planar shape of the embossed recess 12a is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polygon, a circle, and an ellipse.

  The embossed diameter (average diameter) of the embossed recess 12a may be, for example, 10 to 3000 μm, preferably 20 to 2500 μm, and more preferably about 50 to 2000 μm. The embossed diameter is used in a conventional sense. For example, when the planar shape of the embossed recess is (i) elliptical, it means the length of the major axis (or major axis), and (ii) polygonal In some cases, it means the diameter of the circumscribed circle. Further, the emboss diameter means a length connecting both ends or both edges of the embossed recess on the surface of the hydrophobic layer on the waterproof layer side [distance between intersection points of the opening surface and bottom surface (vertical projection plane) of the embossed recess]. . Further, the emboss diameter is determined by a conventional method, for example, by arbitrarily selecting 10 embossed recesses from an actual size non-woven fabric or a micrograph thereof, measuring the embossed diameter of each embossed recess, and averaging these measured values. It can be calculated.

  The side portions 12b and 12c of the embossed recess 12a may be inclined outwardly from the peripheral edge of the opening as it goes downward, but from the viewpoint of nail hole sealing properties, Or it is preferable that it inclines narrowing to an internal side as it goes below. The side portions 12b and 12c may be inclined linearly or curvedly.

The embossed recesses 12a may extend in a straight line shape or a wave shape, but are preferably scattered or scattered from the viewpoint of improving the nail hole water blocking performance. For example, (the area or opening) area of the bottom portion 12d of the embossed depression 12a is, 5 × ¹⁰ -4 ~5mm ^2, preferably may be 1 × ¹⁰ -3 ~4mm ² about.

  The depth of the embossed recess 12a (surface roughness of the hydrophobic layer 12) may be less than the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12, for example, 0.1 to 1.3 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1 mm, and more preferably 0. .About 3 to 0.7 mm.

  Although the plurality of embossed recesses 12a may be formed irregularly (randomly), even if a nail is hit at an arbitrary position on the surface of the waterproof sheet, a predetermined nail hole sealing property can be stably obtained. It is preferably formed regularly or periodically. Specifically, the plurality of embossed recesses 12a are preferably formed regularly (for example, at equal intervals) in the vertical and horizontal directions. For example, in the embossed recess rows adjacent to each other, the embossed recesses are formed in the same positional relationship. Alternatively, they may be formed alternately (in a staggered manner).

  The average distance between the embossed recesses 12a adjacent to each other may be, for example, 10 to 3000 μm, preferably 15 to 2500 μm, and more preferably about 20 to 2000 μm. If the average distance between the embossed recesses is too large, it becomes difficult to improve the nail hole sealing performance. Note that the average interval between the adjacent embossed recesses is, for example, an arbitrary selection of 10 sets of adjacent embossed recesses in a micrograph, and the center portion of one embossed recess and the center portion of the other embossed recess Means the average distance.

The number density of the embossed recesses 12a may be, for example, about 5 to 300 / cm ² , preferably about 7 to 250 / cm ² , and more preferably about 10 to 200 / cm ² . If the number density of the embossed recesses is too small, it is difficult to improve the nail hole sealing performance.

The embossed area ratio of the hydrophobic layer 12 may be, for example, 5 to 50%, preferably about 10 to 40%. The embossed area ratio can be calculated based on a conventional method, for example, the embossed diameter. In addition, the embossed area ratio is an actual size non-woven fabric or a microphotograph thereof, and arbitrarily set 10 regions of 1 cm × 1 cm size, and in each region, the formula: number of embossed recesses × bottom area per embossed recess It can be calculated by measuring the embossed area ratio based on (cm ² ) × 100 and averaging these measured values.

In the present invention, since the hydrophobic layer 12 has the embossed recesses and has a specific basis weight, it is possible to remarkably improve the nail hole water stoppage. The basis weight of the hydrophobic layer 12 (the basis weight of the hydrophobic nonwoven fabric) may be 120 to 300 g / m ² , for example, 120 to 200 g / m ² (for example, 125 to 195 g / m ² ), preferably 130 to 190 g / m ^2. m ² (for example, 135 to 185 g / m ² ), more preferably 140 to 180 g / m ² (for example, 145 to 175 g / m ² ), particularly about 150 to 170 g / m ² . If the basis weight of the hydrophobic layer is less than 120 g / m ² , water leakage from the nail hole cannot be effectively prevented.

  Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the nail hole water-stopping property, the average fineness of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric of the hydrophobic layer 12 is, for example, 0.1 to 5 denier, preferably 0.2 to 4 denier, more preferably 0.5 to It may be about 3 denier. In the direct spinning method such as the spunbond method, the melt blow method, the flash spinning method, etc., the fiber length may be infinite, and in the short fiber, the average fiber length is, for example, 10 to 150 mm, preferably 20 to 80 mm. More preferably, it may be about 30 to 60 mm.

Furthermore, the density (apparent density) of the hydrophobic layer 12 is, for example, 0.08 to 0.5 g / cm ³ (for example, 0.1 to 0.4 g / cm ³ ), preferably from the viewpoint of increasing the nail hole water-stopping property. May be about 0.13 to 0.38 g / cm ³ (for example, 0.15 to 0.3 g / cm ³ ), more preferably about 0.18 to 0.28 g / cm ³ .

  The hydrophobic nonwoven fabric constituting the hydrophobic layer 12 includes at least hydrophobic fibers (non-hydrophilic fibers). Examples of hydrophobic fibers include polyolefin fibers (eg, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, ethylene-propylene copolymer fibers), polystyrene fibers, fluorine fibers (tetrafluoroethylene fibers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers). Fiber etc.), these combinations (composite fiber etc.), etc. can be illustrated.

  Hydrophobic fibers also include non-hydrophobic fibers (hydrophilic fibers) that have been water repellent. Non-hydrophobic fibers include polyester fibers (for example, polyethylene terephthalate fibers and polybutylene terephthalate fibers), polyamide fibers (for example, polyamide 6 fibers and polyamide 66 fibers), acrylic fibers (such as acrylonitrile fibers), and polyurethane. Examples thereof include a series fiber (for example, a polyether polyol type urethane fiber).

  As a water-repellent processing method, a conventional method, for example, a method of applying a water-repellent agent (or a solvent containing a water-repellent agent) to the surface of a non-hydrophobic fiber, or a water-repellent agent (or a solvent containing a water-repellent agent) is used. The method etc. which immerse a non-hydrophobic fiber can be illustrated. Examples of water repellents include fluororesins, silicone oils, waxes, fatty acid esters (higher fatty acid esters such as glycerin lauric acid ester, glycerin stearic acid ester, and glycerin behenic acid ester, particularly saturated fatty acid esters), fatty acid amide (lauric acid). And higher fatty acid amides such as acid amides, oleic acid amides and stearic acid amides, particularly saturated fatty acid amides). These water repellents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the water repellent attached is, for example, 0.01 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 80 parts by mass, and more preferably about 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-hydrophobic fiber. May be.

  Hydrophobic fibers are composite fibers containing non-hydrophobic fibers, for example, (i) sheath-core type fibers (concentric type or core materials in which the sheath component is composed of hydrophobic fibers and the core component is composed of non-hydrophobic fibers). (Eccentric type), (ii) sea-island type fibers in which the sea component is composed of hydrophobic fibers and the island component is composed of non-hydrophobic fibers. In addition, the fiber (hydrophobic fiber, non-hydrophobic fiber) which comprises a composite fiber can be arbitrarily selected from the fibers illustrated above.

  These hydrophobic fibers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these hydrophobic fibers, polypropylene fibers are preferred from the viewpoint of water repellency and lightness.

The polypropylene fiber is usually composed of a polypropylene resin (propylene homopolymer, propylene copolymer). Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include α-C _2-12 olefin monomers other than propylene such as ethylene, butene, pentene, methylpentene, hexene, and octene; (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic Examples thereof include acrylic monomers such as acid alkyl esters; combinations thereof.

  In the propylene-based copolymer, the ratio (molar ratio) between propylene and a copolymerizable monomer (for example, α-olefin other than propylene) is the former / the latter = 70/30 to 99.9 / 0.1, The ratio is preferably 80/20 to 99.5 / 0.5, more preferably about 90/10 to 99/1.

  These polypropylene fibers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these polypropylene fibers, polypropylene fibers and propylene-ethylene copolymer fibers are preferred.

  The ratio of the hydrophobic fiber is, for example, about 70 to 100% by mass, preferably about 80 to 99.9% by mass, and more preferably about 90 to 99.5% by mass with respect to the entire hydrophobic layer 12 (or the entire nonwoven fabric). is there. In addition, the nonwoven fabric of the hydrophobic layer 12 may contain non-hydrophobic fiber (hydrophilic fiber) in the range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention. The ratio of the non-hydrophobic fiber is, for example, 10 parts by mass or less, preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or less (for example, 0.001 to 0.1 mass) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hydrophobic fiber. Part degree).

  The nonwoven fabric of the hydrophobic layer 12 (or each fiber constituting the nonwoven fabric) contains components other than fibers, for example, conventional additives (stabilizers, flame retardants, water repellents, insect repellents, fungicides, etc.). May be.

  The thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12 (the thickness of the region where the embossed recess 12a is not formed) (average thickness) is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.4 to 1.4 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1 mm, and more preferably. It is about 0.6 to 0.8 mm.

  The nonwoven fabric forming the hydrophobic layer 12 can be produced by a conventional method such as a spunlace method, a needle punch method, a thermal bond method, a spunbond method, a melt blown method, or the like. Of these methods, the spunbond method is preferred because a bulky nonwoven fabric can be easily produced. Further, in the spunbond method, since the hydrophilic oil derived from the spinning process is not mixed, the water repellency of the hydrophobic fiber can be improved. In the present invention, since the embossed recess is formed, the strength can be maintained even by the spunbond method.

  The method for forming the embossed recess 12a in the nonwoven fabric (or laminated web) is not particularly limited. For example, an ultrasonic method may be used, but an embossing method (a heat fusion method using an embossing roll) is widely used. Is done. The embossing pattern (pattern) of the embossing roll corresponds to the form of the embossed recess 12a, and can be appropriately selected according to the desired form. The temperature of the embossing roll can be appropriately selected according to the melting point of the hydrophobic fiber, and may be, for example, 70 to 250 ° C., preferably 80 to 240 ° C., more preferably about 90 to 230 ° C. It is about 220 ° C. The pressure (linear pressure) between the embossing roll / flat roll is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, about 20 to 90 kg / cm, preferably about 25 to 85 kg / cm.

  In addition, the nonwoven fabric may be unstretched, and may be stretched (uniaxial or biaxial stretching) at a predetermined magnification from the viewpoint of improving strength.

  The waterproof layer 11 can block rain water and snow water from entering the entire surface with the avant-garde of the hydrophobic layer 12, and can also improve the water resistance of nail holes. Such a waterproof layer may have a water pressure resistance of 4 kPa or more (for example, 5 kPa or more) in accordance with JIS L 1092, for example, 4 to 20 kPa, preferably 4.5 to 18 kPa, and more preferably 5 It may be about ˜15 kPa.

  The waterproof layer 11 is not particularly limited as long as it has the water pressure resistance described above, and may be formed of a polyethylene resin film and / or asphalt-impregnated paper. From the viewpoint of transparency, lightness, bending workability, etc., the waterproof layer is preferably formed of a polyethylene resin film alone.

  In the asphalt-impregnated paper, examples of asphalt include natural asphalt (for example, lake asphalt, rock asphalt, oil sand, and asphaltite), petroleum asphalt (for example, straight asphalt, blown asphalt, and the like). These asphalts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Moreover, you may use said asphalt as a modified asphalt by combining with a modifier. Examples of the modifier include thermoplastic resins [e.g., vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin (such as ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer), olefin resin, styrene resin (styrene-butadiene copolymer). Styrene-diene copolymers, etc.), polyamide resins, etc.], inorganic fillers [eg, granular fillers (talc, calcium carbonate, mica, clay, diatomaceous earth, cinnabar sand, pumice powder, etc.), fibers Etc.] can be illustrated. These modifiers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The proportion of the modifier may be, for example, 0.01 to 100 parts by mass, preferably about 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of asphalt.

  A mineral particle layer may be formed on at least one surface of the asphalt-impregnated paper. The mineral particle layer is usually composed of a base material (for example, the above-described asphalt, the thermoplastic resin exemplified as the modifier) and a mineral particle (for example, kaolin, cinnabar, diatomaceous earth, talc, aragonite, etc. And a coating liquid containing these components is applied to asphalt-impregnated paper.

  As typical asphalt impregnated paper, for example, asphalt felt 8k, asphalt felt 17k, asphalt felt conforming to JIS A6005 (such as asphalt felt 430) can be exemplified.

Mass per unit area of the asphalt-impregnated paper, for example, 100 to 500 g / ^{m 2,} preferably may be about 150~450g / ^{m 2,} in terms of light weight, 100 to 400 g / ^{m 2,} preferably It may be about 120 to 300 g / m ² (for example, 150 to 250 g / m ² ).

  The polyethylene resin film may be a single-layer film, but a laminated film (a two-layer film, a multilayer film of three or more layers, etc.) is preferable from the viewpoint of waterproofness. The laminated film includes a base film containing a first polyethylene resin and a coating layer laminated on at least one surface (preferably both surfaces) of the base film and containing a second polyethylene resin. Yes.

The first polyethylene resin may be an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene copolymer. Examples of copolymerizable monomers include α-olefins other than ethylene [eg, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methylpentene, 4-methylpentene, 4-methyl- Α-C _3-10 olefins (especially α-C _3-6 olefins) such as 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene], organic acid vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, (meth) acrylic acid, (meta ) (Meth) acrylic acid monomers such as acrylic acid alkyl esters, and combinations thereof.

  In the ethylene copolymer, the ratio (molar ratio) between ethylene and a copolymerizable monomer (for example, α-olefin other than ethylene) is the former / the latter = 70/30 to 99.9 / 0.1, The ratio is preferably 80/20 to 99.5 / 0.5, more preferably about 90/10 to 99/1.

  The polyethylene resin may be, for example, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear polyethylene (for example, linear low density polyethylene), branched polyethylene, ionomer, chlorinated polyethylene, etc. Good.

  These first polyethylene resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these first polyethylene resins, linear low density polyethylene is preferable from the viewpoint of transparency and mechanical strength.

  The base film may be formed of the first polyethylene resin alone or may contain components (such as additives) other than the first polyethylene resin.

  The thickness of a base film is not specifically limited, For example, 10-100 micrometers, Preferably it is 15-90 micrometers, More preferably, it is about 20-80 micrometers.

  Examples of the second polyethylene resin include the same resins as the first polyethylene resin [for example, ethylene homopolymer, ethylene and copolymerizable monomer (for example, α-olefin other than ethylene). A copolymer etc.] can be illustrated, and a preferable polyethylene-type resin is also the same. The types of the first and second polyethylene resins may be the same or different.

  The coating layer may be formed of the second polyethylene resin alone, but may contain components (additives and the like) other than the second polyethylene resin. The additive contained in the coating layer is preferably at least one additive selected from stabilizers and water repellents.

  Stabilizers include light stabilizers or UV absorbers [eg, hindered amine light stabilizers (sebacate esters such as bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate), benzoate, etc. Triazole-based light stabilizers, hydroxybenzophenone-based light stabilizers, etc.], antioxidants [for example, phenol-based antioxidants (for example, hindered phenol-based oxidation such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol) Inhibitors), sulfur-based antioxidants (such as dialkyl esters of thiodicarboxylic acids such as dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate), etc.], heat stabilizers [such as esphite-based heat stabilizers, sulfur And the like, and the like. These stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these stabilizers, light stabilizers such as hindered amine light stabilizers are widely used.

  Content of a stabilizer is 0.001-5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of polyethylene-type resin, Preferably it is 0.05-4 weight part, More preferably, it is about 0.1-3 weight part.

  Examples of the water repellent include the same components as those exemplified as the water repellent used for water repellent processing of non-hydrophobic fibers, such as fluororesin, silicone oil, wax, fatty acid esters (such as higher fatty acid esters), fatty acid amides ( Higher fatty acid amide amide etc.). These water repellents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The content of the water repellent is 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.1 to 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene resin.

  The thickness of a coating layer is not specifically limited, For example, it is 1-50 micrometers, Preferably it is 2-45 micrometers, More preferably, it is about 3-40 micrometers.

  The thickness of the base film is, for example, about 0.5 to 10 times, preferably about 1 to 5 times the thickness of the coating layer.

  In addition, the laminated film may have other layers (for example, an adhesive layer for bonding the base film and the coating layer) in addition to the base film and the coating layer.

  The polyethylene resin film may be an unstretched film, but may be a stretched (uniaxial or biaxial) film from the viewpoint of improving strength.

  The polyethylene-based resin film may have airtightness (may be non-porous) in order to ensure heat insulation, and may have moisture permeability in order to prevent condensation (porous). Quality may be).

  The polyethylene resin film may be a commercially available product or may be prepared by a conventional method. The polyethylene-based resin film can be produced, for example, by mixing each component of each layer to prepare a resin composition and then forming the resin composition into a film shape by a conventional method. The resin composition may be a mixture of powders of each component, or may be prepared by kneading each component. For kneading, a conventional method can be used. For example, each component is dry-mixed with a Henschel mixer or a ribbon mixer, and a conventional melt mixer such as a single or twin screw extruder, a Banbury mixer, a kneader, or a mixing roll is used. And can be melt-kneaded.

  Examples of the method for forming into a film include extrusion methods such as an extrusion method [die (flat shape, T-shaped (T-die), cylindrical (circular die), etc.) method, inflation method, etc.]. It is done. In addition, although a polyethylene-type laminated | multilayer film may laminate | stack the obtained each film by methods, such as heat lamination and dry lamination, you may laminate | stack by the method of coextruding the resin composition for each structure layer.

  The thickness of the waterproof layer 11 is, for example, about 10 to 150 μm, preferably 20 to 120 μm, and more preferably about 40 to 100 μm (for example, 50 to 100 μm).

  Note that an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer may be interposed between the waterproof layer 11 and the hydrophobic layer 12 in order to improve interlayer adhesion. The adhesive layer contains a conventional adhesive (or adhesive). Examples of the adhesive (or adhesive) include vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyolefin resin, (meth) acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, and asphalt (in the waterproof layer section). Exemplified asphalt). These adhesives can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types. Of these adhesives, polyolefin resins (polyethylene resins, etc.) and acrylic resins are widely used. Note that the adhesive may be water-soluble or water-insoluble. Further, the adhesive may be an evaporation type adhesive (solution type adhesive, latex or emulsion type adhesive, etc.), or a hot melt adhesive resin. The hot-melt adhesive resin may be in a fibrous form (adhesive fiber).

  The adhesive layer may contain an additive. Examples of the additive include conventional additives such as a solvent (or dispersant), a plasticizer, a filler, a tackifier, a protective colloid, a thickener, an antiaging agent, and an antifoaming agent. These additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The thickness of the adhesive layer is, for example, about 0.005 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.3 mm, and more preferably about 0.015 to 0.1 mm.

  On the back surface of the hydrophobic layer 12 (the surface opposite to the surface on the waterproof layer 11 side), in order to reduce the total number of nails necessary for fixing the waterproof sheet, an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer similar to the above is formed. Also good. In addition, a release layer may be formed on the adhesive layer formed on the back surface of the hydrophobic layer 12 in order to prevent adhesion to other than the target adherend before the waterproof sheet is applied. Examples of the release layer include a conventional release sheet, for example, a paper or plastic sheet whose surface may be treated with a release agent (silicone resin or the like).

  An anti-slip layer may be formed on the surface of the waterproof layer 11 (the surface opposite to the surface on the hydrophobic layer 12 side) from the viewpoint of improving the working environment during construction. The anti-slip layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a friction coefficient corresponding to the inclination angle of the base, and examples thereof include the same adhesive layer (or adhesive layer) and fine particle layer as those described above. The fine particle layer usually contains a base material (such as the thermoplastic resin exemplified above) and fine particles (mineral substance particles, plastic particles, etc.) and is formed by applying a coating liquid containing these components. Is done.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic partial sectional view showing another example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. The waterproof sheet shown in FIG. 5 is the same as FIG. 2 except that a protective layer 23 made of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric is formed on the upper surface of the waterproof layer 21 (the surface opposite to the surface on the hydrophobic layer 22 side). It is configured.

  In this example, a plurality of embossed recesses 23a are formed on the lower surface of the protective layer 23 (the surface on the waterproof layer 21 side) at intervals. The form of the embossed recess 23a, the arrangement pattern of the plurality of embossed recesses 23a, and the like are the same as those of the embossed recess 22a.

  In the waterproof sheet shown in FIG. 5, a hydrophobic protective layer 23 is laminated on the waterproof layer 21, and not only the waterproof layer 21 but also the protective layer 23 enters the embossed recess 22 a when embossed (embossed). The gap around the axis of the nail can be reduced to follow the shape of the recess 22a), so that the water resistance of the nail hole can be further improved, and the film constituting the waterproof layer 21 can be prevented from being broken.

  The protective layer 23 does not have to be formed with the embossed concave portion 23a, and may be formed with an embossed concave portion 23a in order to reduce a gap around the nail axis passing through the protective layer 23. The embossed recess 23a may be opened (opened upward) on the upper surface of the protective layer 23 (the surface opposite to the surface on the waterproof layer 21 side), but from the viewpoint of nail hole sealing properties, It is preferable to open (open downward) on the lower surface (surface on the waterproof layer 21 side). Further, the embossed recesses 23a are the same as the elements exemplified in the section of the embossed recesses 12a of the hydrophobic layer 12 (for example, an arrangement pattern of a plurality of embossed recesses, an average interval between adjacent embossed recesses, number density of embossed recesses, etc.) Or you may have a different element.

  The protective layer 23 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent the waterproof layer 21 from being broken and can also prevent the penetration of rainwater, and may be formed of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric. You may comprise by the laminated sheet etc. which are included. Examples of the metal or metal compound capable of forming a thin film include group 3B elements (such as aluminum) in the periodic table, group 4B elements (such as silicon) in the periodic table, oxides thereof, nitrides, and the like. Examples of the method for forming a metal or metal compound thin film include a conventional film forming method, for example, a physical vapor phase method such as vacuum deposition, ion plating, sputtering, or a chemical vapor phase method such as CVD. it can.

  As a laminated sheet containing a thin film of metal or metal compound, a resin sheet [for example, an olefin-based resin sheet (for example, a polyethylene-based resin exemplified in the section of the waterproof layer 11 and an example of the hydrophobic layer 12) And a hydrophobic resin sheet such as a styrene resin sheet].

  In addition, when the protective layer 23 is formed of a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric (or a water-absorbing nonwoven fabric) such as a polyester nonwoven fabric, the nail hole water-stopping property often decreases.

  The waterproof sheet shown in FIG. 5 may form an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the back surface of the hydrophobic layer 22 (the surface opposite to the surface on the waterproof layer 21 side) like the waterproof sheet shown in FIG. Further, an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer may be formed between the waterproof layer 21 and the hydrophobic layer 22 and / or between the waterproof layer 21 and the protective layer 23 in order to improve interlayer adhesion. Furthermore, an anti-slip layer may be formed on the upper surface of the protective layer 23 (the surface opposite to the surface on the waterproof layer 21 side).

  The waterproof sheet of the present invention may be composed of only a waterproof sheet body in which a hydrophobic layer and a waterproof layer are laminated with an intermediate layer (such as an adhesive layer) interposed between the waterproof sheet body and (i) the waterproof sheet. A hydrophobic (non-water-absorbing) protective layer laminated on the surface of the waterproof layer of the sheet body; (ii) an adhesive layer laminated on the surface of the hydrophobic layer of the waterproof sheet body; and / or (iii) of the waterproof sheet body. You may comprise by the waterproof layer or the anti-slip layer laminated | stacked on the surface of the protective layer.

  The waterproof sheet (laminated waterproof sheet) of the present invention is excellent in waterproofness (water resistance), and the water pressure is 5 kPa or more, preferably 10 to 150 kPa, more preferably about 15 to 100 kPa according to JIS L 1092. is there.

  The thickness of the waterproof sheet is, for example, about 0.45 to 2 mm, preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and more preferably about 0.8 to 1.2 mm.

  In addition, a waterproof sheet is not limited to the roof structure represented by the tiled roof of FIG. 1, but can be applied to various buildings or structures. More specifically, examples of buildings or structures include prefabricated houses, temporary houses, etc., offices, accommodation facilities (inns, lodges, etc.), entertainment facilities (museums, museums, theaters, stadiums, etc.), commerce, etc. Facilities, tourist facilities, stations, airports, etc. can be exemplified. In this invention, since corrosion of a base plate can be prevented effectively, even if it is a wooden building or a structure, it can utilize suitably. In addition, the waterproof sheet can be applied to at least some of the components of the building or structure described above, for example, roofs (land roofs, sloped roofs), fences, ceilings, walls, sashes, floors, etc. Can be applied to roofs and outer walls (especially roofs).

The waterproof sheet of the present invention is used to coat a foundation of a building or a structure, and is usually interposed between a finishing material and the foundation. Moreover, since the waterproof sheet of this invention is excellent in nail hole sealing property, it can be used suitably for the use fixed to a foundation | substrate with a nail. The nail for fixing to the base is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include straight nails, staple nails, ring nails, screw nails and the like. Among these nails, ring nails [for example, ring nails described in Asphalt Roofing Industries Association “modified asphalt roofing underlaying material” ARK 04 ^s- 03: 2006, average diameter of shaft portion (screw portion): 3.2 mm , Foot length: 32 mm), etc.], the non-woven fiber of the hydrophobic layer is entangled with the threaded portion so that the nail hole sealing property can be remarkably improved.

  The average diameter of the shaft portion of the nail may be, for example, about 5 mm or less, preferably about 0.5 to 4.5 mm, and more preferably about 1 to 4 mm (for example, 2 to 4 mm). In particular, in the ring nail, the difference between the crest and the trough in the threaded portion is, for example, about 0.01 to 1.0 mm, preferably about 0.1 to 0.8 mm from the viewpoint of entanglement with the nonwoven fabric fiber. May be.

  The waterproof sheet of the present invention can be obtained by laminating a hydrophobic layer having a recess and a waterproof layer using a conventional method. The lamination method is not particularly limited as long as the shape of the concave portion can be maintained. For example, a method of laminating each layer via an adhesive layer (for example, a hot melt lamination method, a dry lamination method, etc.) may be used. A method of laminating each layer without using a layer (for example, extrusion lamination method) may be used. When a moisture permeable film is used as the waterproof layer, it is preferable to partially bond between the waterproof layer and the hydrophobic layer in order to ensure moisture permeability.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Water pressure resistance]
The water pressure is measured in accordance with JIS L 1092 “Waterproofness test method for textile products”. The water pressure is measured when three water droplets are leached from the surface by applying water pressure to the waterproof layers of Examples and Comparative Examples. Was evaluated.

[Nail hole sealing]
The nail hole sealing property was evaluated according to the Asphalt Roofing Industry Association “modified asphalt roofing underlaying material ARK 04s-03: 2006”. Specifically, the waterproof sheets obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples are placed on a 100 mm × 100 mm water-resistant plywood (thickness: 12 mm), and ring nails until the nail heads are approximately 10 mm above the waterproof sheets. (The average diameter of the shaft portion: 3.2 mm, the length of the foot portion: 32 mm) was fixed by hitting straight. A polyvinyl chloride tube (inner diameter 40 mm) cut to 40 mm was placed on the waterproof sheet so that the nail hole was positioned at the center of the cut surface of the tube. The contact portion between the polyvinyl chloride tube and the waterproof sheet was sealed with a sealing material, and the sealing material was cured to prepare a test specimen. Water was poured into the polyvinyl chloride tube of the test body (water head 30 mm) and left for 24 hours, and then the presence or absence of water leakage was confirmed. The nail hole sealing property was evaluated by counting the number of test bodies (the number of leaked water) in which the water leakage occurred among the 10 test bodies.

[Waterproof layer]
A: Polyethylene hermetic film [3-layer blown film, base material layer (composition: linear low-density polyethylene 100 parts by weight, thickness: 20 μm), coating layer (composition: linear low-density polyethylene 98 parts by weight, weathering agent ( Tokyo Ink Co., Ltd. PEX UVT-54, hindered amine light stabilizer) 2 parts by weight, thickness: 20 μm)]
B: Polyethylene moisture permeable film [a porous film obtained by stretching and making a polyethylene film containing a filler (calcium carbonate) and a stabilizer (titanium oxide, hindered amine light stabilizer), thickness: 40 μm, basis weight: 40 g / m ² , moisture permeability: 6500 g / m ² / day, melting point: 125 ° C.]
C: Asphalt felt 8 k (length of one roll: 42 m, weight of one roll: about 8.5 kg, weight per m ² : about 200 g)
D: Asphalt felt 430 (length of one roll: 42 m, weight of one roll: about 20 kg, weight per m ² : about 480 g)
[Hydrophobic layer or protective layer]
PP: Polypropylene nonwoven fabric (embossed diameter 1100 μm, average distance between adjacent embossed recesses 500 μm, number density of embossed recesses 52 / cm ² , basis weight 60-150 g / m ² , density 0.22 g / cm ³ )
PES: Polyester non-woven fabric (embossed diameter 1500 μm, average distance between adjacent embossed recesses 1200 μm, number density of embossed recesses 28 / cm ² , basis weight 60 to 120 g / m ² , density 0.2 g / cm ³ )
Al vapor-deposited PP: a polypropylene resin sheet (thickness 20 μm) having an aluminum vapor-deposited film formed on one side.

Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-7
According to the direction of “adhesive surface of the hydrophobic layer” shown in Table 1, the waterproof layer and the hydrophobic layer are adhered and laminated with an acrylic emulsion adhesive, and in Examples 3 and 4, the “protective layer” shown in Table 1 is used. The protective sheet and the waterproof layer were bonded with an acrylic emulsion-based adhesive and laminated according to the direction of “adhesive surface of” to prepare a waterproof sheet. The evaluation results of the waterproof sheet are shown in Table 1.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing the waterproof sheet of Comparative Example 1. In FIG. 6, a plurality of embossed recesses 32 a are regularly formed on one surface of the hydrophobic layer 32 at intervals, and a waterproof layer 31 is formed on the other surface of the hydrophobic layer 32.

  In Table 1, “inner” means that the opening of the embossed recess is formed on the surface on the waterproof layer side (see FIG. 2), and “outer” means that the hydrophobic layer has an adhesive surface. It means that the opening of the embossed recess is formed on the surface opposite to the surface on the waterproof layer side (see FIG. 6).

  As is apparent from Table 1, the nail hole sealing property is superior in the example compared to the comparative example. More specifically, as is clear from the comparison between Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 4, when the basis weight of the hydrophobic layer is reduced, the number of leaked water is increased 3 to 4 times, and the nail hole sealing property is increased. descend. As is clear from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 5, when the adhesion surface of the hydrophobic layer is not “inside” but “outside”, the waterproof layer enters along the nail. This is because the adhesiveness of the water is reduced and a water channel is formed, and the number of water leaks is increased three times, and the nail hole sealing property is lowered.

  Since the waterproof sheet of the present invention has a high waterproof property, it can be suitably used for covering the foundation of a building or a structure. In particular, since the waterproof sheet of the present invention is excellent in nail hole sealing properties, it is suitable for applications in which the waterproof sheet is fixed to a base with a nail.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pillar 2 ... Eaves 3 ... Land beam 4 ... Hidden house 5 ... Main building 6 ... Rafter 7 ... Field plate 8 ... Waterproof sheet 9 ... Tile rail 10 ... Tile 11, 21, 31 ... Waterproof layer 12, 22, 32 ... Hydrophobic layer 23 ... Protective layer 12a, 22a, 23a, 32a ... Embossed recess

Claims (8)

A hydrophobic layer composed of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 120 to 300 g / m ² and an apparent density of 0.08 to 0.5 g / cm ³ is formed on at least one surface of the waterproof layer having a water pressure resistance of 4 kPa or more. On the surface of the hydrophobic layer on the waterproof layer side, a plurality of embossed concave portions are formed in the vertical and horizontal directions at intervals in the vertical direction,
The roof covering material in which the said waterproof layer is formed with a polyethylene-type resin film and / or asphalt impregnation paper, and the said hydrophobic nonwoven fabric is comprised with the polypropylene fiber.   The roof underlaying material according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of embossed concave portions are formed at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions.   The roof underlaying material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an average interval between the embossed concave portions adjacent to each other is 10 to 3000 µm. The number density of the embossed recesses, roof underlaying material according to claim 1 which is 10 to 200 pieces / cm ^2.   The roof undercarp material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the embossed concave portion is formed in a form that narrows from the opening portion opened on the surface on the waterproof layer side to the bottom or extends downward.   A protective layer is formed on the surface of the waterproof layer, and the protective layer is composed of at least one selected from a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric, a thin film of metal or metal compound, and a resin sheet on which a thin film of metal or metal compound is formed. The roof underglazing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The roof underfloor material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the hydrophobic layer.   The roof underfloor material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an anti-slip layer is formed on the surface of the waterproof layer or the protective layer.