JP5998641B2 - Temperature sensor and sulfidation furnace - Google Patents

Temperature sensor and sulfidation furnace Download PDF

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JP5998641B2
JP5998641B2 JP2012122181A JP2012122181A JP5998641B2 JP 5998641 B2 JP5998641 B2 JP 5998641B2 JP 2012122181 A JP2012122181 A JP 2012122181A JP 2012122181 A JP2012122181 A JP 2012122181A JP 5998641 B2 JP5998641 B2 JP 5998641B2
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temperature sensor
temperature
titanium
protective tube
furnace
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JP2013246142A (en
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深野 達雄
達雄 深野
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Description

本発明は、温度センサー及び硫化炉に関し、さらに詳しくは、硫化雰囲気下における耐久性に優れた温度センサー、及び、このような温度センサーを用いた硫化炉に関する。   The present invention relates to a temperature sensor and a sulfidation furnace, and more particularly to a temperature sensor excellent in durability in a sulfidation atmosphere and a sulfidation furnace using such a temperature sensor.

温度センサーの感温部には、熱電対、サーミスタ、Pt抵抗線などが用いられている。このような温度センサーを用いて温度計測を行う場合において、感温部が腐食環境下に曝されると、感温部が短時間で劣化する。そのため、腐食環境下において温度計測を行う場合、感温部を保護管で保護することが行われている。   A thermocouple, thermistor, Pt resistance wire, or the like is used for the temperature sensing part of the temperature sensor. When performing temperature measurement using such a temperature sensor, if the temperature sensitive part is exposed to a corrosive environment, the temperature sensitive part deteriorates in a short time. Therefore, when temperature measurement is performed in a corrosive environment, the temperature sensitive part is protected with a protective tube.

従来、このような保護管には、
(1)SUS304、SUS310、SUS316等のステンレス鋼、
(2)SUH446等の耐熱鋼、
(3)インコネル(登録商標)等のNi基超合金、
(4)NiTi系超弾性合金(特許文献1参照)、
(5)酸化物分散強化型耐熱合金(特許文献2参照)
(6)石英、ムライト、コランダム、アルミナ、マグネシア等の酸化物セラミックス、
(7)窒化珪素、サイアロン、炭化珪素等の非酸化物セラミックス(特許文献3参照)
などが用いられてきた。
Conventionally, in such a protective tube,
(1) Stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS316,
(2) heat resistant steel such as SUH446,
(3) Ni-based superalloys such as Inconel (registered trademark),
(4) NiTi superelastic alloy (see Patent Document 1),
(5) Oxide dispersion strengthened heat resistant alloy (see Patent Document 2)
(6) Oxide ceramics such as quartz, mullite, corundum, alumina, magnesia,
(7) Non-oxide ceramics such as silicon nitride, sialon, silicon carbide (see Patent Document 3)
Etc. have been used.

ここで、ある種の硫化物は、機能性材料として用いられている。例えば、Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)は、半導体の一種であり、光電素子の光吸収層に用いられている。このような機能性硫化物は、通常、構成金属元素を含むプリカーサを硫化させることにより製造されている。所望の機能を備えた硫化物を合成するためには、硫化時の温度管理が重要である。 Here, a certain kind of sulfide is used as a functional material. For example, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a kind of semiconductor and is used in a light absorption layer of a photoelectric element. Such a functional sulfide is usually produced by sulfiding a precursor containing a constituent metal element. In order to synthesize a sulfide having a desired function, temperature control during sulfidation is important.

しかしながら、高温(400℃)、かつ、高濃度(1%以上)の硫化水素を含む雰囲気は、腐食性が高い。そのため、温度センサーを用いて硫化炉の温度計測を行う場合において、保護管として従来の金属系保護管を用いたときには、保護管が短時間で劣化し、長期間の使用に耐えない。また、耐熱性の高い金属系保護管(例えば、Ni基超合金製保護管)も知られているが、これらは、一般に高価である。
一方、セラミックス系保護管は、一般に、金属系保護管に比べて耐食性が高い。しかしながら、セラミックス系保護管は、熱伝導率が低いために、温度変化に対する追従性が悪い。そのため、セラミックス系保護管を備えた温度センサーは、温度変化を制御する必要がある機器(例えば、硫化炉)の温度計測には不向きである。
However, an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulfide at a high temperature (400 ° C.) and a high concentration (1% or more) is highly corrosive. Therefore, when the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the sulfidation furnace, when a conventional metal-based protective tube is used as the protective tube, the protective tube deteriorates in a short time and cannot withstand long-term use. Further, metal-based protective tubes with high heat resistance (for example, Ni-based superalloy protective tubes) are also known, but these are generally expensive.
On the other hand, ceramic protective tubes generally have higher corrosion resistance than metal protective tubes. However, since the ceramic protective tube has a low thermal conductivity, the followability to a temperature change is poor. Therefore, the temperature sensor provided with the ceramic-based protective tube is not suitable for temperature measurement of equipment (for example, a sulfiding furnace) that needs to control temperature change.

特開平08−292105号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-292105 特開平08−247856号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-247856 特開平09−304192号公報JP 09-304192 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、安価であり、耐食性(特に、耐硫化性)に優れ、しかも、温度変化に対する追従性が高い温度センサー、及び、これを用いた硫化炉を提供することにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a temperature sensor that is inexpensive, excellent in corrosion resistance (particularly, sulfidation resistance), and has high followability to temperature changes, and a sulfidation furnace using the temperature sensor. is there.

上記課題を解決するために本発明に係る温度センサーは、以下の構成を備えていることを要旨とする。
(1)前記温度センサーは、
感温部と、
前記感温部を雰囲気から保護するための保護管と
を備え、
前記保護管は、少なくとも外表面の一部がチタン又はチタン合金からなる。
(2)前記温度センサーは、400℃以上の硫化雰囲気下での温度測定に用いられる。
また、本発明に係る硫化炉は、本発明に係る温度センサーを備えていることを要旨とする。
In order to solve the above problems, a temperature sensor according to the present invention is summarized as having the following configuration.
(1) The temperature sensor
The temperature sensor,
A protection tube for protecting the temperature sensing part from the atmosphere,
At least a part of the outer surface of the protective tube is made of titanium or a titanium alloy .
(2) The temperature sensor is used for temperature measurement in a sulfurized atmosphere at 400 ° C. or higher.
Further, the gist of the sulfiding furnace according to the present invention is provided with the temperature sensor according to the present invention.

チタン及び所定の組成を有するチタン合金は、耐食性(特に、耐硫化性)が高く、セラミックスに比べて熱伝導率が高く、しかも、高価な元素を多量に含む金属材料に比べて安価である。そのため、チタン又はチタン合金を保護管として用いた温度センサーは、腐食性雰囲気下(特に、硫化雰囲気下)における温度計測に適している。また、このような温度センサーを用いて硫化炉の温度計測を行うと、保護管の劣化が抑制されるので、長時間の安定使用が可能となる。   Titanium and a titanium alloy having a predetermined composition have high corrosion resistance (particularly, sulfidation resistance), high thermal conductivity compared to ceramics, and are cheaper than metal materials containing a large amount of expensive elements. Therefore, a temperature sensor using titanium or a titanium alloy as a protective tube is suitable for temperature measurement under a corrosive atmosphere (particularly under a sulfurized atmosphere). In addition, when the temperature of the sulfiding furnace is measured using such a temperature sensor, the deterioration of the protective tube is suppressed, so that stable use for a long time is possible.

以下に、本発明の一実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
[1. 温度センサー]
本発明に係る温度センサーは、感温部と、保護管とを備えている。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
[1. Temperature sensor]
The temperature sensor according to the present invention includes a temperature sensing unit and a protective tube.

[1.1. 感温部]
感温部は、温度を感知し、外部機器に信号を出力するためのものである。
本発明において、感温部の構造や組成は、特に限定されるものではなく、目的に応じて任意に選択することができる。感温部としては、例えば、熱電対、サーミスタ、Pt抵抗線などがある。
[1.1. Temperature sensing part]
The temperature sensing unit is for sensing temperature and outputting a signal to an external device.
In the present invention, the structure and composition of the temperature sensitive part are not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose. Examples of the temperature sensing part include a thermocouple, a thermistor, and a Pt resistance wire.

[1.2. 保護管]
保護管は、感温部を周囲の雰囲気から保護するためのものである。保護管は、感温部を内部に保持し、周囲の雰囲気から感温部を遮断することが可能なものであれば良い。すなわち、保護管の形状は、必ずしも中空円筒状(狭義の「管」)である必要はなく、感温部の構造、用途等に応じて、最適な形状を選択することができる。
[1.2. Protective tube]
The protective tube is for protecting the temperature sensing part from the surrounding atmosphere. Any protective tube may be used as long as it can hold the temperature sensing portion inside and can block the temperature sensing portion from the surrounding atmosphere. That is, the shape of the protective tube is not necessarily a hollow cylindrical shape (a “tube” in a narrow sense), and an optimal shape can be selected according to the structure and application of the temperature sensing portion.

本発明において、保護管は、少なくとも外表面の一部がチタン又はチタン合金からなる。保護管は、全体がチタン又はチタン合金からなるものでも良く、あるいは、外表面のみがチタン又はチタン合金からなるものでも良い。
また、保護管は、外表面の全体がチタン又はチタン合金からなるものでも良く、あるいは、外表面の一部(高い耐食性が求められる部分。例えば、測温部)がチタン又はチタン合金からなるものでも良い。外表面を構成するチタン又はチタン合金は、外表面全体に渡って同一組成を持つものでも良く、あるいは、部位によって組成が異なっていても良い。
In the present invention, at least a part of the outer surface of the protective tube is made of titanium or a titanium alloy. The protective tube may be entirely made of titanium or a titanium alloy, or only the outer surface may be made of titanium or a titanium alloy.
Further, the protective tube may be one whose entire outer surface is made of titanium or a titanium alloy, or a part of the outer surface (a portion requiring high corrosion resistance. For example, a temperature measuring part) is made of titanium or a titanium alloy. But it ’s okay. The titanium or titanium alloy constituting the outer surface may have the same composition over the entire outer surface, or the composition may differ depending on the site.

保護管としては、具体的には、
(1)チタン又はチタン合金のシームレス管、
(2)組成の異なる2種以上のチタン又はチタン合金からなる層(以下、チタン又はチタン合金からなる層を単に「Ti−X層」ともいう)が積層された多層管、
(3)2種以上の層が積層された多層管であって、表面側に1種又は2種以上のTi−X層を備え、内面側にチタン又はチタン合金以外の金属材料(例えば、ステンレス鋼など)からなる1種又は2種以上の層を備えているもの、
(4)先端側(高温腐食環境に曝される部分。例えば、測温部。)の全体又は外表面に1種又は2種以上のチタン又はチタン合金を用い、基端側(高温腐食環境に曝されない部分)に先端側とは異なる金属材料を用いた接合管、
などがある。
これらの中でも、チタン又はチタン合金のシームレス管は、周囲の腐食性ガスが内部に侵入しにくいので、保護管として特に好適である。
Specifically, as a protection tube,
(1) Titanium or titanium alloy seamless tube,
(2) a multilayer tube in which layers composed of two or more kinds of titanium or titanium alloys having different compositions (hereinafter, a layer composed of titanium or a titanium alloy is also simply referred to as “Ti-X layer”);
(3) A multilayer tube in which two or more types of layers are laminated, and has one or more types of Ti-X layers on the surface side, and a metal material other than titanium or titanium alloy on the inner side (for example, stainless steel) One or two or more layers made of steel)
(4) One or two or more types of titanium or titanium alloy is used on the whole or outer surface of the tip side (the part exposed to the high temperature corrosive environment, for example, the temperature measuring part), and the base end side (high temperature corrosive environment). A joint pipe using a metal material different from the tip side of the exposed part)
and so on.
Among these, a titanium or titanium alloy seamless tube is particularly suitable as a protective tube because the surrounding corrosive gas hardly enters the inside.

外表面のみがTi−X層からなる多層管の場合、Ti−X層の厚さが薄すぎると、十分な耐食性が得られない。高い耐食性を得るためには、Ti−X層の厚さは、0.05mm以上が好ましい。Ti−X層の厚さは、さらに好ましくは、0.10mm以上、さらに好ましくは、0.20mm以上である。
表面が2種以上のTi−X層からなる多層管の場合、Ti−X層の総厚さが上述した範囲にあれば良い。
In the case of a multilayer tube having only the outer surface made of a Ti—X layer, if the thickness of the Ti—X layer is too thin, sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained. In order to obtain high corrosion resistance, the thickness of the Ti-X layer is preferably 0.05 mm or more. The thickness of the Ti—X layer is more preferably 0.10 mm or more, and further preferably 0.20 mm or more.
In the case of a multilayer tube having a surface composed of two or more types of Ti—X layers, the total thickness of the Ti—X layers may be in the above-described range.

本発明において、「チタン」とは、実質的にTiのみからなり、かつ、不可避的不純物を含むもの(純チタン)をいう。
本発明において、「チタン合金」とは、Tiを70mass%以上含む合金をいう。多量の合金元素を含むチタン合金は、高温腐食環境に曝されると、腐食の進行が速くなり、保護管に穴が開くまでの時間が極端に短くなる場合があるので、好ましくない。Ti含有量は、さらに好ましくは80mass%以上、さらに好ましくは85mass%以上、さらに好ましくは90mass%以上である。
In the present invention, “titanium” refers to a material (pure titanium) that is substantially composed only of Ti and contains inevitable impurities.
In the present invention, the “titanium alloy” refers to an alloy containing 70 mass% or more of Ti. When a titanium alloy containing a large amount of alloy elements is exposed to a high temperature corrosive environment, the progress of the corrosion is accelerated, and the time until a hole is opened in the protective tube may be extremely short, which is not preferable. The Ti content is more preferably 80 mass% or more, further preferably 85 mass% or more, and more preferably 90 mass% or more.

チタン合金としては、例えば、
(1)Ti−0.15Pd、Ti−0.4Ni−0.015Pd−0.025Ru−0.14Crなどの少量(1.0mass%未満)の合金元素を含む低添加元素型チタン合金、
(2)Ti−0.3Mo−0.8Ni、Ti−1.5Al、Ti−3Al−2.5V、Ti−1.5V−3Cr−3Sn−3Alなどの多量(1.0mass%以上)の合金元素を含む通常チタン合金、
などがある。なお、元素の前に記載した数値の単位は、いずれもmass%である。
保護管は、これらのいずれか1種のチタン又はチタン合金を含むものでも良く、あるいは、2種以上のチタン又はチタン合金を含むものでも良い。
Examples of titanium alloys include:
(1) Low additive element type titanium alloy containing a small amount (less than 1.0 mass%) of an alloy element such as Ti-0.15Pd, Ti-0.4Ni-0.015Pd-0.025Ru-0.14Cr,
(2) Large amount (1.0 mass% or more) alloys such as Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni, Ti-1.5Al, Ti-3Al-2.5V, Ti-1.5V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Usually titanium alloy containing elements,
and so on. In addition, the unit of the numerical value described before the element is mass%.
The protective tube may contain any one of these titanium or titanium alloys, or may contain two or more titanium or titanium alloys.

[1.3. 用途]
本発明に係る温度センサーは、種々の用途に用いることができるが、特に、400℃以上の硫化雰囲気下での温度測定に好適である。チタン又はチタン合金は、従来から知られている金属系保護管に比べて耐硫化性が高いので、これを保護管として用いた温度センサーは、高濃度(1%以上)の硫化水素を含む硫化雰囲気下においても、長時間使用することができる。
[1.3. Application]
The temperature sensor according to the present invention can be used for various applications, and is particularly suitable for temperature measurement under a sulfurized atmosphere of 400 ° C. or higher. Titanium or titanium alloys have a higher resistance to sulfidation than conventionally known metal-based protective tubes, so a temperature sensor using this as a protective tube has a high concentration (1% or more) of hydrogen sulfide. Even under an atmosphere, it can be used for a long time.

[2. 硫化炉]
本発明に係る硫化炉は、本発明に係る温度センサーを備えていることを特徴とする。温度センサー以外の硫化炉の構造は、特に限定されるものではなく、あらゆる構造を備えた硫化炉に対して本発明を適用することができる。
本発明に係る温度センサーを硫化炉の温度計測に用いると、硫化による保護管の穴あきが抑制されるので、長期間にわたって温度計測を行うことができる。
[2. Sulfiding furnace]
A sulfiding furnace according to the present invention includes the temperature sensor according to the present invention. The structure of the sulfiding furnace other than the temperature sensor is not particularly limited, and the present invention can be applied to a sulfiding furnace having any structure.
When the temperature sensor according to the present invention is used for temperature measurement of a sulfidation furnace, since the perforation of the protective tube due to sulfidation is suppressed, temperature measurement can be performed over a long period of time.

[3. 作用]
チタン及び所定の組成を有するチタン合金は、耐食性(特に、耐硫化性)が高く、セラミックスに比べて熱伝導率が高く、しかも、高価な元素を多量に含む金属材料に比べて安価である。そのため、チタン又はチタン合金を保護管として用いた温度センサーは、腐食性雰囲気下(特に、硫化雰囲気下)における温度計測に適している。また、このような温度センサーを用いて硫化炉の温度計測を行うと、保護管の劣化が抑制されるので、長時間の安定使用が可能となる。
[3. Action]
Titanium and a titanium alloy having a predetermined composition have high corrosion resistance (particularly, sulfidation resistance), high thermal conductivity compared to ceramics, and are cheaper than metal materials containing a large amount of expensive elements. Therefore, a temperature sensor using titanium or a titanium alloy as a protective tube is suitable for temperature measurement under a corrosive atmosphere (particularly under a sulfurized atmosphere). In addition, when the temperature of the sulfiding furnace is measured using such a temperature sensor, the deterioration of the protective tube is suppressed, so that stable use for a long time is possible.

(実施例1、比較例1〜4)
[1. 温度センサーの作製]
感温部としてK熱電対を用いた温度センサーを作製した。保護管には、SUS304(比較例1)、MoコートSUS304(比較例2)、インコネル(登録商標)(比較例3)、石英(比較例4)、又は、チタン(実施例1)を用いた。
(Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-4)
[1. Fabrication of temperature sensor]
A temperature sensor using a K thermocouple as a temperature sensing part was produced. For the protective tube, SUS304 (Comparative Example 1), Mo-coated SUS304 (Comparative Example 2), Inconel (registered trademark) (Comparative Example 3), quartz (Comparative Example 4), or titanium (Example 1) was used. .

[2. 試験方法]
[2.1. 耐久試験]
温度センサーを、20%H2S+N2ガス中において加熱及び冷却を繰り返すサイクル試験を行い、保護管に穴が開くまでの繰り返し数を調べた。加熱条件は、昇温速度:5℃/min、降温速度:5℃/min、高温保持条件:580℃×30minとした。
[2.2. 測温時間遅れ]
温度センサーを、20%H2S+N2ガス中において加熱及び冷却を行い、昇温時の測温時間遅れを調べた。加熱条件は、昇温速度:5℃/min、降温速度:5℃/min、高温保持条件:580℃×30minとした。
[2. Test method]
[2.1. An endurance test]
The temperature sensor was subjected to a cycle test in which heating and cooling were repeated in 20% H 2 S + N 2 gas, and the number of repetitions until a hole was opened in the protective tube was examined. The heating conditions were a temperature rising rate: 5 ° C./min, a temperature falling rate: 5 ° C./min, and a high temperature holding condition: 580 ° C. × 30 min.
[2.2. Temperature measurement time delay]
The temperature sensor was heated and cooled in 20% H 2 S + N 2 gas, and the temperature measurement time delay when the temperature was raised was examined. The heating conditions were a temperature rising rate: 5 ° C./min, a temperature falling rate: 5 ° C./min, and a high temperature holding condition: 580 ° C. × 30 min.

[3. 結果]
表1に結果を示す。表1より、チタンは、他の材料に比べて硫化雰囲気下における耐久性が高く、かつ、温度変化に対する追従性も高いことがわかる。
[3. result]
Table 1 shows the results. From Table 1, it can be seen that titanium has higher durability under a sulfurized atmosphere than other materials and also has high followability to temperature changes.

Figure 0005998641
Figure 0005998641

以上、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明したが、本発明は上記実施の形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の改変が可能である。   Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

本発明に係る温度センサーは、硫化炉における温度計測などに用いることができる。   The temperature sensor according to the present invention can be used for temperature measurement in a sulfidation furnace.

Claims (4)

以下の構成を備えた温度センサー。
(1)前記温度センサーは、
感温部と、
前記感温部を雰囲気から保護するための保護管と
を備え、
前記保護管は、少なくとも外表面の一部がチタン又はチタン合金からなる。
(2)前記温度センサーは、400℃以上の硫化雰囲気下での温度測定に用いられる。
A temperature sensor with the following configuration.
(1) The temperature sensor
The temperature sensor,
A protection tube for protecting the temperature sensing part from the atmosphere,
At least a part of the outer surface of the protective tube is made of titanium or a titanium alloy .
(2) The temperature sensor is used for temperature measurement in a sulfurized atmosphere at 400 ° C. or higher.
前記感温部は、熱電対、サーミスタ、又は、Pt抵抗線からなる請求項1に記載の温度センサー。   The temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing unit is composed of a thermocouple, a thermistor, or a Pt resistance wire. 前記保護管は、前記チタン又はチタン合金のシームレス管からなる請求項1又は2に記載の温度センサー   The temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the protective tube is a seamless tube made of titanium or a titanium alloy. 請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の温度センサーを備えた硫化炉。 A sulfiding furnace comprising the temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102673093B1 (en) * 2023-08-02 2024-06-07 (주)센테크이엔지 A method for manufacturing a surface-hardened protective tube constituting a sensor rod of a temperature sensor for a reduction furnace

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US5603571A (en) * 1993-08-18 1997-02-18 Eckert; C. Edward Thermocouple assembly including an outer sleeve made in part of a titanium alloy
JPH0979914A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-28 Asahi Sangyo Kk Connecting structure for thermocouple protective tube
JP2000097779A (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-04-07 Daido Steel Co Ltd Thermo-couple protecting pipe
JP2002357482A (en) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-13 Daido Steel Co Ltd Molten metal temperature measurement method and temperature measurement device used for the method
JP2009294157A (en) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-17 Hakko Electric Mach Works Co Ltd Wireless temperature sensor device
JP4913203B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-04-11 株式会社鷺宮製作所 Temperature measuring sensor and temperature measuring device using temperature measuring sensor

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102673093B1 (en) * 2023-08-02 2024-06-07 (주)센테크이엔지 A method for manufacturing a surface-hardened protective tube constituting a sensor rod of a temperature sensor for a reduction furnace

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